X 


1*51     ii 


n.  ^ 


Vi. 


UCSB   L,.:(ARr 

History  and  Commerce 


OF 


NEW  YORK, 


I  09 


ILLUSTRATED. 


PUBLISHED     r.V 

AMERICAN    PUBLISHING    AND    ENGRAVING    CO. 

(ELEVATORS), 

Nos.   149  &  i5i   Church    Street,  New  York. 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Acme  RuBiiER  Co.,  L.  B.  Truslow,  Mgr 275 

Ackerson,  H.  B.  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Pocket  Books,  etc.    170 

Adams,  Henry  H.  &  Co.,  Pig  Iron,  Ore,  etc 217 

Adams  &  Wesilake  Co.,  The,  Car  Trimmings 167 

Adams,  Henry  C,  New  York    Agent    of    Fort    Wayne 

Electric    Co , 137 

Adee,  Fred.  &  Co.,  Plumbers'  Supplies 260 

Albany  Lubricating  Compound  &  Cup  Co.,  Adam  Cuok 

Proprietor 190 

Algeria  Heights  Co.  (Limited) 86,   S7 

Almirall  &  Co.,  Tobacco  and  Commission  Merchants.    161 

Altman,  V.  &  Bro.,  Furs 112 

Alyanakian,  K.  M.  &  Co..   Oriental  Carpets,  etc 227 

Alpine    Embroidery  Co..  Manfrs.  Embroideries 25S 

American  Belgian  Lamp  Co 154 

American      Cigar    Label    Co.,    The,     General    Litho- 
graphers     228 

American  Gas  Pressure  Regulator  Co 131 

American  Investment  Union 288 

American  Lithograph  Co.,  Fine  Color  Work 278 

American   Manfg.  Co.  (Limited),  The 279 

American  Manfg.  Co.,    The,  Cordage,    Binder    Twine, 

etc 114 

American  Shoe  Manfg.  Co 305 

Anglo-Swiss    Condensed  Milk    Co.,    G.    F.    Corbiere. 

Manager 226 

Anspach,  Geo.,  Manfg.  Confectioner 173 

Archer  Manfg.  Co.,  Manfrs.   Patent  Chairs 214 

Ascher,  Leopold,  Commission  Merchant  in  Brushes. . .   281 

Aspinall,  E.,  Sanitary   Earthenware 300 

Aspinwall  Fruit  Co, ,  The  (Limited) 305 

Atlantic  Dynamite  Co 107 

Atlas  Rubber  Co..  Manfrs.  Druggists'  Rubber  Goods. .      88 
Ausable  Horse  Nail  Co.,  Manfrs.  Horse  Nails 134 

B.m;ot,  Thos.,  Public  Accountant  and  Auditor 275 

Baierlein,  Joseph,  Flour  Merchant 222 

Baker,  H.  J.  &  Bro.,  Manfrs.  Chemical  Fertilizers,  etc.   200 

Baker  Heater  Co.,  The,  Car  and  House  Heater 165 

Baker  Transfer  Co 255 

Bankers'  and  Traders'  Accident  Association 216 

Barker,  The  Wm.    C.    Co.,  Woodenware   and    Agricul- 
tural Implements 267 


Barlow  &  Bancroft,  Barlow's  Insurance  Surveys 219 

Barney  Dumping  Boat  Co.,  The 252 

Barr,  Edward  Co.   (Limited),  Wrought    and   Cast   Iron 

Pipe,    etc 187 

Barr  Electric  Manfg.  Co 172 

Bartholomew  &  Peckham,  Photo-Chemical  Engrav- 
ing    296 

Bean,  Curtis  Coe,  Arizona  Mining  Lands 96 

Beck,  Geo.  H.,  House  Furnishing  Goods 280 

Beckett  &  Bradford,  Account  Book  Manfrs 292 

Behr  Bros.  &  Co..  Pianos 9S-99 

Belknap's  Son,  E.  S.  Belknap  Standard  Putty  Works..    176 

Benedict  Bros.,   Diamonds,  Watches,  etc 13S 

Bent,  G.  W.  &  Co.,  Makers    of  Mantel  Foldins  Beds.  .   243 

Berge,  J.  &  H.,  Sand  Crucibles  and  Covers,  etc 206 

Berger  Bros.,  Advertising  Novelties 201 

Berger  &    Wirth,    Manfrs.  Lithographic   and    Printing 

Inks 252 

Bergner  &  Engel  Brewing  Co 147 

Bergstein  &  Son,  Manfg.  Jewelers 151 

Bingham  Bros.    Co.,    Manfrs.    Machine-Cast    Printers' 

Rollers,  etc 263 

Binswanger,  H.  P.,  yuarry  Sales  Agent,  etc 279 

Bishop,  Victor,  &  Co.,   Diamonds,   Pearls,  etc 184 

Bishop,  The  J.  H.  Co.,  Skins,  Rugs,  Robes,  eic 208 

Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Co 168 

Blackman,  E.,  Kerosene  and  Gas  Burners,  etc 232 

Blackwell  Brothers,  Fruit,  etc 271 

Blake,  Geo.  F.,  Manfg.  Co.,  Steam  Pumps,  etc 150 

Bliven,  A.  P.  &  Co.,  Yacht  Builders,  etc 177 

Bliven  &  Carrington,  Manfrs.  Oils  and  Lubricants.  . .  .  241 
Bliss,  Chas.  E.,    Commission    Merchant,    Eggs,   Butler 

etc 204 

Block,  J.  W.  &  Bro.,  Diamonds,  Jewelry,  etc 159 

Bogert,  Albert  G.  &  Bro.,  Builders,  etc 212 

Bohemian  Glass  Works,  Manfrs.  Homceopathic  Case  and 

Sample  Vials,  etc 205 

Boss  Co.,  The,  Cuckoo  Trompeters  and    Fancy  Carved 

Clocks 141 

Boston  Improvement  Co 143 

Boylan,  Wm.,  Bags,   Burlap,   etc 278 

BiOynton  Bicycle  Railway  Co 122 

Brabant,  Aug.  F.  Needles  and  Toilet  Pins 249 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


Bracy,  Seddon    &  Booth.  Agents  for  the  Yost  Writing 

Machine 302 

Bradley  &  Co.,  Buggies,  Carriages,  etc 231 

Brentwood  Park  Improvement   Co   202 

Brettheimer,  Emil,  Tanner  and   Currier 26S 

Briggs,  Wm.  A.,  Last  and  Tree  Manfr 270 

British  and  United  States  Agency,  The  (Limited) 191 

Brocklehurst,  J.,  Carpenter  and  Builder 25S 

Brooklyn  Hills  Improvement  Co ,. .  261 

Brooklyn  Bridge  Freezing  &  Cold  Storage  Co 293 

Brooks,  S.  B.,  Manfr.  of  Whisk  and  Toy  Brooms,  etc..  2S3 

Brooks  Bros.,  Clothing 127 

Brown,  Edwin  H.,  Manfr.  of  Watch  and  Clock  Glasses.  164 
Brown,    E.    A.    &    Co.,     Commission    Merchants   and 

Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fruits,  Vegetables,  etc 221 

Brown,  Robt.  T.  &  Co.,  General  Contractors 13S 

Brown  &  Seward,  Patents 149 

Browne,  Wm.  E.  &  Co.,  Paints  and  Colors 254 

Bruen  Bros.,  Real  Estate  and   Insurance 156 

B.  &  S.  Electric  Equipment  Company,   Electric  Equip- 
ment Supplies 232 

Burr,  E.  Edward,  Export  Commission  Merchant 1S3 

Burt,  Geo.  H.,  Manfr.  of  Billiard  and  Pool  Balls 212 

Busby  &  Wolcott,  Brokers  and  Commission  Merchants  282 
Button  &  Thurston,  M.tnfrs.  of  Shoe  and  Leather  Dress- 
ings, etc 270 

California  Vintaoe  Company 223 

Canfield  &  Thompson 184 

Cornell,  W.  J.,  Poultry,  Game,  etc 249 

Carr-Lowrey  Glass  Co 177 

Carr,  A.  &  W.  S.  Co.,  Steel  and  Iron  Pipe,  etc 278 

Carter,  Robt.  K.,  Purchasing  Agent 183 

Carver  &  Co. ,  Cutters  of  Paper,  etc 174 

Gary  Manufacturing  Company,  Gary's    I'atent   Univer- 
sal Box  Strap 186 

Casas,  Juan,  Corkwood  and  Cork 181 

Casse,  Lackey  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Window  Shades,  eic.   242 

Cassidy,  John,  Blank  Book  Manfr 183 

Cazin,  F.  M.  F.,  Mechanical  and  Mining  Engineer. . . .    162 
Chamberlain.    Chas.    C.,  Manfr.  of  Iron  Clad  Voucher 

Case,  etc 196 

Chamberlin,  W.  S.  Investment  Broker 238 

Chellborg,  C.  F.,  Lumber,  Cypress  and   Pine  Shingles.   275 
Chemidlin,  Louis   N.  &   Co.,   Commission   Merchants, 

etc 214 

Clare,  Robt.  M . ,  Leather 303 

Clarendon  Hotel,  C.  H.  Kerner,  Proprietor 126 

Clark,  T.  B.,  &  Co.,  Cut  Glass 175 

Clark,  Stephen  S.,  Export  Commission 2SS 

Clarkson,  W.  H.  &  T.,  Patents  and    Pensions 232 

Clasp  Envelope  Company,  The 190 

Climax  Bottle  »&  Stopper  Co 223 

Cohen,    Chas.,     Commission     Merchant     in     Poultry, 

Game,   etc 253 

Cohen,  M.  &  I.,  Manfrs.   and   yuilters   of   Fancy   Lin 

ings 214 

Colby,  C.  K.,  Watches  and  Diamonds 282 

Collins,  Chas.,  Live  Stock,  Pigeons,  etc 204 

Collins,  P.  H.,  Manfr.  of  Horse  Collars 297 

Columbia  Typewriter  Manfg.  Co 102 


Congdon,  Henry  M.,  Architect 308 

Connecticut  Valley  Paper  and  Envelope  Co..  M.  Loeb, 

Proprietor 256 

Connecticut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  The,  of    Hart 

ford.  Conn 293 

Cook,  Ebenezer,  Proprietor  of  Cook's  Majoram  Cream, 

etc 236 

Cook  Manufacturing  Company 2og 

Cook,  Geo.,  Patents  and   Patent  Causes 156 

Cooke,  Richard  K.,  Wrought  and  Cast  Iron   Pipe,  etc.  199 

Cooley,  Ralph  B.,  American  Toys 225 

Coppersmith,   Wm.,   Manfr.    of    Diamond    Mountings, 

etc 266 

Corbin.  P.  &  F.  Builders'  Hardware,  etc 181 

Cornell,  W.  J.,  Cominission  Merchant 249 

Cornucopia  Company,  The 19° 

Cowen's,  L.,  Misfit  Carpet  Warehouse 308 

Craft,  James  B.,  Engineer  and  Contractor 200 

Craighead,  J.  V.  A.,  Oils,  Greases,  etc 260 

Crawford,  John  W.,  Steam   Power  Gumming,  etc 293 

Creamer,  W.  G.,  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Fine  Artistic  Metal 

Work,  etc 244 

Crescent  Company,  Men's  Athletic  Goods 208 

Cresyl-Jeyes  Sanitary  Compounds  Co 153 

Crevier,  A.  E.,  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Enameled  Litho.  Plate 

Papers    etc 268 

Cronk  &  Co.,  Importers  and  Manfrs.  of  Fine  Cloaks. .  222 

Crotty,  John,  Proprietor  of  Maplewood  Paper  Mills. . .  244 

Curtin,  J.  Clark,  Railway  Supplies,  etc 201 

Curtis,  G.  15.,  Real  Estate,  etc.. 262 

Cutler,  J.  M.,  Man  r.  of  The  Bannister  Rocking  Grate..  192 

Dane,  Chas.  F.  &  Co.,  Solicitors  of  Patents  and  Trade 

Marks 198 

Dane,  Wm.  P.,  Dane  Fancy  Papers,  etc 280 

Dann.  M.  W.,  Leather  Remnants 129 

Darling  Bros.,  Loans  on  Bond  and  Mortgage 96 

Dattelbaum  &  Friedman,  Manfrs.  of  Rings 223 

Davey,  Burt  &  Co.,  Produce  Commission  Merchant^..    240 
Davis,  Emry,  Manfr.  of  the  Davis  Automatic  Ink  Siand.   196 

Davis  Bros.,  Fruits,  etc 240 

Davis,  John  W.,  Carpenter  and  Builder 259 . 

Davis,  L.  Shanley,  Wholesale  Commission   Merchant.    265 

Dean,  W.  G.  &  Son,  Mustards,  etc 182 

Deknatel,  H.  A.,  Manfr.  of  Paper  Boxes,  etc 257 

Delaney,  Forest  &  Son,  Leather  and  Cut  Soles 115 

De  Long,  Joseph  J.,  Hair  and  Wool 194 

De  Pinna,  Boys'  Outfitting 104 

De  Riesthal,  A.  &  Co.,   Importers  of  China,  Glass  and 

Lamp  Goods 136 

Devoe,  F.  W.  &  Co.,  Painters'  Colors,  etc 130 

Dickinson  Bros.  &  King,  Importers  of  Cements 106 

Dobbins,  Wm.,  Manfr.  of  Picture  Frames,  etc 267 

Dobbs,  John  H.,  Pressed  and  Blown  Tumblers 181 

Domestic  Water  Still  Company 238 

Domroe,  Saul,  Manfr.  of  Clothing 277 

Doring,  E.  N.,  Folding  Beds 104 

Doscher,  John  &Co.,  Produce  Commission  Merchants  275 

Duls,  Jacob  &  Co.,  Tea   Packers,  etc 306 

Dunk,  Walter  M.,  Artist 117 

Dunlap  &  Co.,  Hatters 109 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


Dunn  &  Wilson,  Heraldic  Chasers,  Engravers,  elc 235 

Durham,    N.,   Commission    Merchant,    Eggs,    PouUty 

and  Game 125 

Dusenbury  &  Bond,  Carriage  and  Sleigh  Linings 133 

Eastern  Hotel,  John  H.  Belts,  Prop ...  253 

Eberhardt,  L.  A.,  Manfg.  Chemist 273 

Eckert  &  Clark,  General  Insurance  Brokers 294 

Edbrooke,  Geo.  H.,  Architect 210 

Edson  Bros.  &  Gilman,  Produce,  Poultry,  Game,  etc..  211 
Einstein,  J.,  Importer  of  French  Kid.  German  Pebble, 

etc 273 

Eldredge,  Thos.  W.,  Real  Estate 245 

Elias,  M.  A.,  Broker  and  Commission  Merchant 250 

Ellis,  Wm.  F.,  Machinist 254 

Ellithorpe  Air  Brake  Co.  The,  Manfrs.  Elevators 130 

Ely  Brothers,  Cream  Balm 273 

Ely    &    Ramsay  Co.,  The,   Manfrs.  Furnaces,   Ranges, 

etc 121 

Ely,  Horace  S.,  Real  Estate igi 

Ely,  C.  Upham,  Nickel  Works,  etc 22S 

Empire  Syringe  Co.  The,  Wm.  Piatt,  General  Agt 148 

Empire  Shoe  Co 292 

Endemann,  Dr.  H.,  Chemist 255 

Evers,  John  H., Wholesale  Grocer 177 

Faker,  Otto,  Pencils 27S 

Fahys  Watch  Case  Co.,  Manfrs.  Watch  Cases 92 

Falck  &  Co.,  General  Passenger  Agts 105 

Felker  &  Gordon,  Glass  and  Glassware 245 

Fernandez,  G.  &  Co.,  Tobacco iSi 

Fernon  Manufacturing  Co 2bi 

Feury,  John,  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Liquors 214 

Fiala,  Anthony,  Diamond  Setter 267 

Fidelity  Watch  Case  Co.,  The iSS 

Fifth  Avenue  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  The no 

Fish,  John,  Mechanical  and  Consulting  Engineer 246 

Fisk,  Chas.  E.,  Manfr.  Chairs 241 

Fitch,  Halsey  &   Son,  Commission  Merchants,  Butter, 

Cheese,  etc 84 

Folmer  &  Schwing  Manufacturing  Co 279 

Fournier,    F.     &    Knopf,    Importers    of     French    Calf 

Skins,  etc 303 

Fox,  John,  Manfr.  of  Water  and  Gas  Pipes 164 

Frank  &  Gutmann,  Manfrs.   of   Ladies'  Dress  Shi  Ids, 

etc 229 

Frankel,  Max  &  Son,  Commission  Merchants  and  Dis- 
tillers' Agents 23S 

Franklin  Bank  Note  Co 215 

Eraser,  Major  &  Co.,  Hides  and  Leather 304 

Frash  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Champagne,  etc 204 

Frasse,  Peter  A.  &  Co.,  Hardware 15S 

French,  J.  C.  &  Son,  Manfr.  Vault  and  Sidewalk  Lights  178 
Freund,  Max  &  Co.,  Diamonds,  Watches  and  Jewelry  212 
Friel,  VVm.,  Selector  and  Receiver  of  Goat   and   Deer 

Skins 305 

Fries,  Alex.  &  Bros.,  Chemical  Works,  elc 147 

Froelich    A.,  Manfr.  Repairs  for  Stoves,  etc 303 

GaMEWKLI,  FikE  ALARiM  Tlil.EGKAl'H  COMPANY,  THE..    233 

Gardner,  William,  Naval  Architect 179 


Gate  City  Stone  Filter  Co 146 

Gebhardl,    F.    R.,    .Manfr.     Cap    Fronts.    Straps    and 

Sweats 281 

Gelsler,  Joseph  F.,  Chemist 291 

Gerber,  F.  &  J.,  Cheese 291 

Gerber,  Henry,  Manfr.  Carbon  Paper,  etc 209 

Gerli  Fratelli,  C.  &  E.  &  Co.,  Importers  of  Raw  Silk...  280 

Gibbons  Super-Heating  Co.,  The 148 

Gifford,  John  A.,  Carriage  Makers'  Supplies 161 

Gill  Engraving  Co.,  The 220 

Gillis  &  Geoghegan,  Steam  Heating 285 

Ginnel,  Henry  &  Company,  Watches,    etc 248 

Girsch  &  Zenke,  Lithographers 302 

Gladwin,  S.  M.,  Paper 174 

Goddard,  Henry  H. .  Earthenware  and  China 154 

Gold  Car  Heating  Co.,  Car  Heating  Apparatus,  etc. . .  261 

Goodyear  Vulcanite  Co.,  The,  Manfrs.  Rubber  Goods.  289 
Gouge  Heating  and  Ventilating  Company,  The.  234  and  289 

Gould,  The  Robert  S.  Co.,  Manfrs.  Brass  Goods 202 

Graf.  J.  &  Co.,  American   Embroidery  Co 220 

Graff,  Chas.  H.,  Manfr.   Oiled  Clothing,  etc 213 

Graham,  George  H.,  Counselor  in  Patent  Causes 205 

Graham,  John  H.  &  Co.,  Hardware 100 

Grant,  The  Richard,  Company,  Cooperage  Stock 173 

Gray,  R.  D  ,  Photo   Lenses 283 

Greeley,   E.  S.   &  Co.,    Railway   and    Telegraph    Sup- 

p'ies 132 

Griffing's,  H.  B.,  Sons,  &  Co.,  Farm  Implements,  etc..  165 

Groy,  J.,  Butter  and  Cheese 259 

Gruber.  Peter  G.,  Printer  and  Stationer 251 

Guerber  Bros.,  Watch  Case   Makers,   etc 194 

Gugel.  August,  Brass  Foundry 295 

Gundiach,  J.,  &  Co.,  California  Wines  and  Brandies. .  272 

Gurne*,  W.  S.,  Jr.  &  Co.,  Bankers  and  Brokers 300 

Gutta  Percha  &  Rubber  Manfg.  Co.,  The 112 

Haas  Chemical  Co.,  The,  Manfr.  Polishing  Materials   163 

Hadden,  James  C.,  Linseed  Oil 295 

Hahn,  Christian,   Practical  Glass  Blower 307 

Hamburger.  I.,  &  Co.,  Tobacco 270 

Hamilton,  Frank    L.,  printer 295 

Hampson,     Edward     P.     &  Co.,    Steam     Engines  and 

Boilers 118-119 

Hanford,    A.    H.,    Proprietor  and    Manfr.  of  Wright's 

Patent  Eureka    Polish 235 

Hanimann,  Chas.,  Mechanical  Engineer  and  Draughts- 
man    246 

Hann,  Otto,  &  Bro.,  Glycerine,  Dye  Stuffs,  etc 298 

Hanna,  M.    J.,  Steam  and  Water   Heating   Apparatus, 

elc 278 

Haran,  B.  J.,  Fruits 204 

Harland,  Wm.,  &  Son,  Manfrs.  Japan  and  Varnishes.   263 
Harris  iV:  Pfluger,  Brokers  in  Drugs,  Chemicals,  etc...   212 

Harrison,  W.  S.  &  Co.,  Builders 158 

Hart,  Lucius  .S:  Co.,  Pig  Tin,  Antimony,  Pig  Lead,  etc.   249 

Hart,    Ph.,  Tobacco 296 

Hartfield,  John  C,  &  Son,  Printers  and  Publishers. . . .  160 

Hartmann,  P.,  Gold    and  Silversmith 287 

Harvey,  Wm.,  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Walking  Canes,  Pipes. .   i6g 
Haseli,  1).  D.  &  Co.,  Manfts.'  Agents,  and  Dealers   in 

Railway  Supplies,  etc 300 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


Hass,  Th.  M  ,  Matifr.  Fancy  Brass  Goods 184 

Haswell,  Chas.    H.,  Marine  and  Consulting  Engineer, 

etc 140 

Hatch,  Stephen  D.,   Architect 213 

Hatch,  O.  C,  Hides  and  Slcins 269 

Hatch  &Co.,  Manfrs.  Patent  Mill;;  Cans 269 

Hay  Litho.  Co.,  The 159 

Healy,  A.,  &  Sons,  Hides  and  Leather 114 

Hecla  Powder   Co.,  The 242 

Heesch  &  Sibbert,  Carpenters  and  Builders 269 

Heidgerd,  D.  &  H.,  Cloth 195 

Heinrich,  H.  H.,  Manfr.  Marine  Chronometers 22S 

Hendrickson,   W.  H.,  N.  Y.  Typesetting  Concern....  266 

Henriques,  H.,  Real  Estate,  etc ■ 234 

Hepe.  Koven  &  Co.,  Steam  Sheet  Steel,  etc 272 

Heraty,  E.  J.  &  Co.,   Teas 308 

Herzog,  Louis,  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Gold  Cases,  etc 117 

Hicks,  Jas.  Milnor,  Civil  &   Mechanical  Engineer 208 

Higgins,  E.  S.  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Carpetings 287 

Higley  Sawing  &  Drilling  Machine  Co.,  The 225 

Himmer  &  Anderson  Dry  Battery  Co 163 

Hindle  &  Wright,  Machinists,  Printing  Presses,  etc...  227 

Hingston  &   Hays,  Manfrs.  Show  Cases 290 

Hinrichs  &  Co.,  China  and  Glassware,  etc 245 

Hirsh,  L  E.,  "  Nicoline" 294 

Hirsh,  Charles  L.  &  Co.,  Druggists'  and  Grocers'  Spe 

cialties 236 

Hoffman  House 8S-S9 

Hofmann,  Aug.,  Manfg.  Jeweler 298 

Hogg,  Wm.,  Leather,  etc 267 

Holland  Stationery  Co.,  E.   F.  Friebele,  Manager 301 

HoUiday,    Read   &    Sons    (Limited),    Manfrs.    Aniline 

Dyes,  etc 264 

HolUster,  Crane  &   Co. ,  Grain  and   Feed 206 

Hoole    Machine    &     Engraving   Works,     Bookbinders' 

Tools,  Machinery,  etc 206 

Hoople,  Wm.  G.,  Leather 304 

Horton,  G.  B.,  &  Co.,  Sole  Leather 262 

Hosford,  Leonard    D.,  Plumbing 30S 

Hotel  Lincoln,    P.  H.  McCann,  Prop 124 

Hoyt,  Arthur  S.,  Manfr.  Glue  and  Sizing 166 

Hubbard,  G.  W.,  &  Co.    Drugs,  etc 162 

Hudson  River  Stone  Supply  Co 148 

Huether  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Blank  Books 224 

Hughes  &  Ross,  Real  Estate 245 

Huhn,  F. ,  Druggists'  Supplies 237 

Hull,  John  A.,  Weigher  of  Merchandise 270 

Hurd,  Geo.  B.  &  Co.,  Stationery 301 

Hussey  Re-Heater  &  Steam  Plant  Improvement  Co..  .  197 

Hutcheson  &  Bethel,  Fruits  and  Vegetables 194 

Hutter,  Karl 308 

Hygienic  Wood  Wool  Company 265 

Hyndman,  Wm.,  Mining  Lawyer 14S 

Illfelder,  B.  &  Co.,  Specialties  in  Stationery,  etc..  . .  243 

Illinois  Watch  Company 152 

Ilsley,  Doubleday  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Machinery  Oils.  ...  219 

Impervious  Package  Co 2r3 

Jackson's,  W.,  Sons,  Grates,  Open  Fire  Places,  etc. .  .  294 

Jacobs  &  Solomon,  Long  Island  Embroidering  Co. , .  .  294 


Jarmulowsky,   S.,   Banking,  Passage  and  Commission 

House 248 

Jeanneret,  P.  A.,  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Gold  Watch  Cases...  253 
Jensen,   Carl    L.    Co.,   Manfrs.  Jensen's  Pepsin    Prep- 
arations    105 

Jimeson,   C.    W.    &   Co.,    Commission    Merchants    in 

Produce 258 

Johnson,  Peter  J.,  Bo.x  Wood,  etc 295 

Johnson,  A.  P.  &  Co.,    Preparers  of  Boxwood,  Maple 

and  Mahogany   for  Engravers 298 

Johnson,  Peter  J. .Preparer  of  Bo.xwood  for  Engravers,  270 

Johnson  Peerless  Works,  Printing  Presses 252 

Johnson  &  Wilson,  Saylor's  Portland  Cement 198 

Johnstone  &  Buckley,   Manfrs.   Goodyear  Welting.  .  .  .  219 

Kaufman,  F   &  Co, ,  Leather 266 

Keasbey,  Robt.  A.,  Magnesia  Sectional  Coverings,  etc.  134 

Keller.  L.  H.  &  Co.,  Watch  and  Clock  Materials 303 

Keller,  Ettinger   &   Fink,  American  Watches  and  Dia- 
monds   274 

Keuffel  &  Esser  Company,  Drawing  Materials,  etc...  172 

Keystone  Watch  Case  Company 166 

Kinscherf,  G.,  Lithograplier  and  Printer 103 

Kirby,    Richard,  Poultry 279 

Kirtland,  Andrews  &  Co.,  Wood  Mantels 171 

Klein,  Jacob,  Diamond  Setter 283 

Kling,  M.  H.,  Diamonds,  etc 242 

Klucken,  F.  H.,  Engraver  and  Lithographer 188 

Knapp,  S.  P.,  Grain  Merchant 116 

Knapp  &  Van  Nosirand,  Poultry  and  Game 263 

Knauih,  Gustav,  Pocket  and  Table  Knives,  etc 191 

Knickerbocker  Mills,  Wm.  J.  Stitt   &  Co 247 

Knifiin  &  Tooker,  China  and  Glassware 151 

Koch  &   Dreyfus,  Diamonds,  etc 248 

Kohn,   Samuel   S.,  Manfr.    Art   Embroidery,  Braiding, 

etc 208 

Konvalinka,  J.,  Furs 238 

Krauss,  John,  ISasket  and  Willow  Ware 239 

Kuhe.  E.,  Importer  and  Exporter  of  Metals 296 

• 

Lachman,  S.  &  Co.,  California  Wines  and  Brandies..  .  128 

Ladd,  Alfred  W.,  Locomotives  and  Cars no 

Lambert,  William   A.,  Architect 248 

Lamm     &     Co.,    Wholesale     Furniture    and    M.tiifis.' 

Agents 241 

Langstroth,  T.  W.,  Horse  Clothing 300 

Larsen,  Carl  A.,  Ship  Chandler 256 

Larter,  Elcox  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Jewelry 100 

Las  Novedades,  J.  G.  Garcia,  Publisher   280 

Lauder,  John,  Card  Engraver  and  Printer 271 

Laurencot,  J.   B.,  Watch  Glasses,   Optical    and    Fancy 

Goods 298 

Lawrence,  T.   W.,  liooks  and  Engraved  Portrdits 215 

Lawrence  Cement  Company 196 

Lawrence.  J.  M,,  Excelsior  Lantern   Company 235 

Lawton     Manufacturing     Co.     (Inc.),     The,      Manfrs. 

"  Champion  Catcher,"  Roach  and  Water  Hug  Trap.  185 

Leatheroid  Manufacturing  Co.,  The 234 

Le  Kihan,  Chas.   &  Co.,  Umbrellas 292 

Lehnhardt,  J.,  Designer  and  Litho.  Artist 251 

Leicht  &  Havell,  Architects 106 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


X 


Leonard,  S.  M.,  Lumber iSS 

Levering  &  Garrigues,  Engineers  and  Contractors.  ..  .    144 

Levy,   Herman,  Importer  of  Diamonds 167 

Lewis,   A.  W.,  Accountant 299 

Lindheim,  M.,  Leaf  Tobacco 220 

Lips,  Joseph,    Refinisher.    E.xaminer    and    Sponger  of 

Woolen  Goods 194 

Livingston,  L.,&Co.,  Manfrs.  Pocket  Books,  etc 274 

Lodge  &  Davis  Machine  Tool  Co.,  The 172 

Lodi  Chemical  Co.,  H.   S.  Deshon,  General  Manager..   266 

Logan,  Walter,  Printer 229 

Lohsen,  T.  Henry,  Groceries,  etc 299 

Longfield,  Joshua,  Proprietor   and  Manfr.   of  North  of 

England  Sauce 247 

Loomis,  E.  P.  &  Co.,  .\pples.  Onions,  etc 262 

Lott,  Jere  &  Co..  Engravers,  etc 259 

Louis,  Samuel  cS:  Son,  Woolens 147 

Ludeke  &  Company,  Importers  of  Precious  Stones, eic.    193 

Lunham,  Wm.,  Freight  Broker 276 

Lutz  &  Sauer,  Artists  and  Designers 2S3 

Lyon,  J.  B.,  &  Co.,   Commission   Merchanf.  in    Fruits 

and  Produce 254 

Lyon  Bros.,  Jobbers  of  Oranges,  Lemons  and  Grapes.    120 
Lyons,  James,  Manfr.  of  Superior  Round  Leather  Belt- 
ing   263 

M.vcNiDER,  James.  Commission  Merchant 276 

Malone's  Business  E.\change 247 

Maltby,  Henley  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Hardware,  etc i65 

Manhattan     Tool     Company,     Manfrs.     of    Tools    for 

Watchmakers,  etc 161 

Manhattan  Oil  Co 172 

Manning,  John  J.,  Paper   Maker,   Paper   Machinery..    1S6 

Mansell,  T.,  Sponges 257 

Marcy  Stove  Repair  Co 293 

Maritime   Manfg.   Co.,  Manfrs.   of   Eureka  Oil   Distri- 
buting Bag  and  Portable  Oil  Distributing  Tank. .  .    187 

Marsching,  J.  &  Co.,  Bronze  Powders,  etc 1  74 

Marvin's  Fire  and  Burglar  Proof  Safes 309 

Mathews,    Enos    P.,    Wholesale    Stamping    of    Linen 

Goods 26S 

Ma.xfield,  J.  B.  &  Co.,  Fruits,  Nuts,   etc 281 

Mayer,  Robt.  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Lithographic  Printing 

Inks  and  Varnishes,  etc 140 

Mayer,  Prof.,  Oculist  and  Optician 255 

Mayer  &  Loewenstein,   Manfrs.    of  Varnishes   and  Ja- 
pans     304 

Mayer's,  Jos.,  Sons,  Tobacco 178 

Maynard,  J.  Q.,  Elevators,  etc 141 

McCaldin  Bros.,  Coal,  Wood,  etc 145 

McCarty,  J.  C.  &  Co.,   Hardivare 140 

McClave,  John,  Real  Estate 164 

McCord,    Henry  D.,  Grain 168 

McGowan,    T.    W.,     Jr.,    Commission    Merchant    and 

Dealer  in  Hops  and  Malt 200 

McKay,  Thomas,  English  and  French  Bootmaker 293 

McKay  &  Dix,    Ship   Brokers  and    Commission    Mer- 
chants   , 264 

McMahon,  Hugh  J.,  Japanner 280 

McMillin,  Emerson  &  Co 217 

McMurray,  Robt.  T.  &  Bro.,  Manfrs.  of  Wire  Work.. .   286 


McNab  &  Harlin  Manfg.  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Brass  Goods.   134 

Mercantile  Printing  Co..  The 222 

Meyer  &  Kessler,   Prin  ters 296 

Meyer  &  Lange,  Jobbers  and  Importers  of  Groceries. .    154 

Michel,  M.,  Feathers 282 

Milhaus',  J.,  Son,  Chemist 228 

.Millen,  E.  &  Co.,  Shirt  Manufacturers 290 

Miller,  Wm.  L.,  Brass  Finisher,  etc 281 

Miller  &  Huber,  Flour  Merchants no 

Miller,  Schenck  &  Allen,  Chemists 239 

Miner,  John,  Shipping  Agent  and  Notary  Public 282 

Minnigerode  &  Co.,  Steel  Rails,  Spikes,   etc 157 

Mitchell,  E.,  Manfr.  of  Brushes 2S3 

Mitchell,  Wm.  &  Son,  Manfrs.  of  Fishing  Rods,  etc. .  .   25S 

Moen's  Asphaltic  Cement  Co 30S 

Moers,  E.  M.,  Wool  Stock 276 

Moessner   &  Flintoff,  Artists,  Designers   and    ll'ustrat- 

ors,  etc 292 

Monjo,  Louis,  Jr.,  &  Co.,  Commission  Merchants 2S3 

Monthemont,  E.,  Machinist,  etc 191 

Morningstar,  Chas.  &  Co.,  Starch,  etc 224 

Moore,  Jos.  R.  E.,  Hide  Broker 29S 

Moore  &  Schley,  Bankers  &  Brokei  s 219 

Morris    European   and    American    E.xprcss    Comp.iny, 

The  (Limited) 202 

Morse,  M.  L.,  Steam  Packing  Box  F"aciory 243 

Motl.  Liwrence   S.    &  Co.,    Railway   Equipment,    Pro- 
moters and  Negotiators,  etc 142 

Movius,  J.  &  Son.  Aniline  Colors  and  Dye  Stuffs 145 

Mulford,  Cary  &  Conklin,  Leather,  etc 281 

MuUer  &  Krone,  Fruit  and  Nuts 2S2 

Mundt  &  Sons,  Manfrs.  of  Perforated  Metals 159 

Munroe's,  Wm.  Otis,  Son  S:  Co.,  Plumbers,  etc 294 

Muns,  Charles  &  Son,  Flour,  etc 170 

Murray's  Line,  Murray  and  Birge.  Proprietors 277 

Nason  Mfg.  Co.,  Wrought  Iron,  etc iiC 

Nathan,    Berthold,    Importer    of   all    kinds     European 

Hides,  Skins,  Leather,  etc 276 

National  Blank  Book  Co 251 

National   Patent   Co.,  Solicitors   of   U.  S.  and    Foreign 

Patents 274 

Naylor  &  Flack,  Hardware  Manfrs.'  Agents 150 

Nebel,  M.  A.  Millwright  and  Machinist 277 

Nelson,    A.    G.,     Commission     Merchant     in    Poultry, 

Game,  etc 256 

Newark  Leather  Belting  Co 240 

Newburgh  Bleachery,  Chadwick  Bros.,  Agents 97 

New   Jersey     Lamp    and    Bronze    Works,     Ralph    W. 

Booth,  Manager 132 

Newton,  John  H.,  Commission  Merchant  in  Fruits  and 

Produce 124 

Newton's,  E  ,  Sons,  Importers  of  Rattan,  etc 253 

New  York  Belting  and  Packing  Co.,  (Limited  )  Rubber 

Goods loS 

New  York  Bottling  Company 133 

New  York    Church   Statuary  Manfg.   Co.,   Joseph  A. 

StoU,  Manager 193 

New  York  Gas  Fixture  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Gas  Fixtures. .  141 
New  York  Rubber  Co.,  Manfrs,  of  Vulcanized   Rubber 

Goods,  etc 93 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


New  York  Silicite  Co.,  The 162 

New  York  Stencil  Works 281 

New  York   Tag  and  Label  Manfg.  Co 247 

New  York  Woven  Label   Manfg.  Co 161 

Nichols,  Geo.  W.  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  of  Havana  Cigars. .  .  225 

Ni.xon,  John,  Glass  and  Crockery 249 

Nolen  &  Boardman,  Pure  Hydro-Carbon  Gas  Black...  246 

Nolen  &  Shute,  Fruits,  etc .' 256 

Northrop,  Henry    S.,  Manfr.  Stamped    Steel  Ceilings, 

etc 129 

Norwich  Insulated  Wire  Company,  The 175 

Nungesser,  Henry,  Wholesale  Grass  Seeds 227 

Oakley  Soai'  and  Perfumery  Co.,  The 142 

Oakley  &  Keating,  Laundry  Machinery,  etc 142 

Obermayer  &  Layng,  Manfg.  Jewelers 296 

Obrig   Camera  Company,  The,  Photographic   Outfits, 

etc 231 

"  Old  Remington  Gun  Store,"  The,  Cornwall  &  Smock, 

Proprs 235 

Olsen,  John,  Sail  Maker 215 

Orrs  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Print,  Book  and  Hanging  Papers  189 

O'Shea,  P.,  Agent,  Publisher,  etc 268 

Ostby    &    Barton,    Manfrs.  Solid    Gold,  Engraved  and 

Plain  Band  Rings 247 

Overton,  R.  H.  &  Son,  Paper  Sto(k 170 

Ozone  Manufacturing  Co 2S4 

Pabst,  Theo.  &  Co.,  French  and  Bohemian  Glassware  208 

Pace  Tobacco  Co. ,  The  J.  B 262 

Palen,  Nelson  &  Co.,  Sole  and  Upper  Leather 291 

Palmer,  G.  S.,  Produce  Commission  -Merchant 239 

Pardessus,    S.    J.,    Oval,    Square,    and    Round    Glass 

Shades 272 

Parker,  Stearns  &  Mackintosh,  Printers 291 

Parrett,  Arthur,  Manfr.  Lasts 205 

Patent  Cereals  Company,  The 209 

Peck,  M.  F. ,  Commission  Merchant 301 

Peck  &  Snyder,  Sporting  Goods 210 

Peek  &  Velsor,  Wholesale  Botanic  Druggists 223 

Peerless  Rubber  Manufacturing  Co 136 

Peirce,  John,  Granite. . . .  , 224 

Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  OH  Company,  Manfrs.  Lu- 
bricating Oils 163 

People's  Five  Year  Benefit  Order,  The 131 

Perrin,  J.  P.  &  Co.,  Mill  Agents  for  Upholstery  Goods.   123 

Perry,  Lloyd,  Real  Estate 166 

Peters  &  Calhoun  Co.,  Saddlery  and  Harness 183 

Peltit  &  Co  ,  Dining  Rooms 241 

Phillips,  L.  J.  &  I.,  Real  Estate  Brokers,  etc 232 

Phelps,  A.  Ward,  Lithographer 159 

Pier  Brothers,  Hop  Merchants 209 

Pierce  Steam  Heating  Company,  Radiators 231 

Pierce  &  Thomas,  Manfrs'.  Agents 203 

Plaza  Hotel,  F.  A.  Hammond,  Prop 123 

Plume  &  Atwood  Manufacturing  Co.,  Brass  and  Copper 

Goods 135 

Poland  Paper  Company 207 

Porters,  C.  B.,  Woodware,  etc 204 

Powell,  Wm.  J,,  United  States  Flag  Depot 280 

Prentiss  Calendar  and  Time  Co 217 


Prout,  J.  A.,  Engineers'  and  Steam  Users'  Supplies..  .    171 
Pye,  John  E.,  Real   Estate 170 

Racine,  Jules  &  Co.,  Importers  of  Watches 133 

Ramsperger,  H.  G.  &  Co.,  Photographic  Apparatus..  .    251 

Rankin,  W.  H.,  Roofing  Ma"terials 180 

Rath,  Edward  H.,  Real  Estate 142 

Raunheim,  S.  E.,  Mining  Engineer 137 

Reed  &  Carnrick,  Manufacturing  Pharmacists 213 

Reed,  A.  G.,  Butter,  Eggs,  etc 237 

Reed  &  McKibbin,  Consulting  Electrical  Engineers.   .  .   248 

Rees',  Hans,  Sons,  Oak  Soles,  etc 262 

Rehm  &  Co.,  Bunting,  Flags,  etc 1S4 

Remmey,  W.  T.,  Ivory,  Wood  and  Metal  Turner 279 

Restorff   &     Bettmann,     Commission    Merchants  and 

Manufacturers  "  Glycerole,"  etc 255 

Reynolds  &  Hunter,  Steel  Plate   Printers 296 

Rhodes,  Bradford  &  Co.,  Bankers' Publications 186 

Rice  Brothers  &  Tiffany,  Manfrg.  Perfumers,  etc 272 

Rich,  Wm.  H.,  Manfr.  Umbrellas 137 

Rich,    Aquila    B.    &  Co.,    Importers   of  "Ormonde" 

Cycles 117 

Richards,  T.  A.,  Engravers'  and  Rulers'  Machines. .  . .  221 

Richmond,  Wm.  W.,  Teas  and  Coffees 27O 

Ritchie,  Geo.  B.  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Curled  Hair,  etc 295 

Ripley  &  Coffin,  Contractors 246 

Roberts,  D.  H.,  Manfr.  and  Wholesale  Dealer  in  Win- 
dow Glass 85 

Rochester  Lamp  Co 139 

Rnckford  Watch  Co.,  J.  P.  Drake,  Agent 221 

Rogers,  J.  F.  &  Co.,  Railway  Supplies 132 

Rose,  F.  &  Co.,  Starch  Commission  Merchants 202 

Rose,  L.  P.,    Factor,  Shipping,  and   Commission  Mer- 
chant      270 

Rosenfield,  Alfred  S  ,  The  Rosenfield  Chemical  Works  210 

Rosenwald,  E.  &    I.,  H.  &  S.  &  Brother,  Tobacco 290 

Rosselli,  J.,  Painter,  etc 296 

Rothbarth,  Martin  iS:  Co.,  Hop  Merchants 157 

Rothbarth  &  Sons,  Hop  Merchants 151 

Ruegger,  Charles  R.,  Hardware,  etc 295 

Ruetiman,  Rudolph,  Jeweler 269 

Ruland  &  Whiting,  Real  Estate 242 

Rumrill,  Chas.  M.,   Tools  and   Supplies   for  Steam  and 

Electric  Power,  etc 156 

Russell,  John  W.,  Commission  Timber  Dealer 297 

Rustic  Manfg.  &  Construction  Co 151 

Ryer,  David  G  ,  Commission   Dealer   in   Country  Pro- 
duce, etc 221 

Sachs  &  Co.,  Woolen  Rags 267 

Safety  Car  Heating  &  Lighting  Co 144 

Salem  Wire  Nail  Co.,  Geo.  H.  Ismon,  Sales  Agent...  155 

Sallade  &  Loveland,  Druggists'  Sundries 185 

Sandborn,   Geo.    H.,  iV   Sons,    Manfrs.    Machinery   for 

Bookbinders,  etc 264 

Sandford,  Clarence  H.,  Chocolates  and  Bon-bons 153 

Schaefer  &    Eble,  Bookbinders 297 

Schall  &  Co.,  Articles   for  Confectioners,  Cake  Bakers, 

etc 250 

Schaus,    William,  Paintings,   Engravings    and  Artists' 

Materials 95 

Schnarr  &  Delius,  Manfrs.'  Agents 298 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


IX 


Schneiders',  Peter,  Sons  &  Co.,  Manfrs.  Steel  Furniture 

Springs,  etc 304 

Schott  &  Franke,  Fruits 277 

Schoverling,  A.,  Guns,  Rifles,  etc 250 

Schreiber,  C.  S.,  General  Export  Broker 237 

Schubert,  Julius,  Mechanical  and  Consulting  Engineer.    167 

Schuyler,  E.-E.,  Newspaper  Mailing  Lists,  etc 26S 

Schwarz,  Benjainin  &  Sons,  Hop  Merchants 188 

Searles,  Louis  R.,  Commission  Dealer   in  Hops 278 

Secor,  Nelson,  Commission  Merchant  in  Eggs,  Hutter, 

etc 260 

Sellers,  Alfred,  Photo  Engraving,  etc 103 

Sercombe.  Edgar  J.,  Printing  and  Lithographing 214 

Shack,   J.,  Tobacco 179 

Shafer  Company,   L    Calvin,  (Limited,)   Fruit   Syrups 

and  Juices 134 

Shafto,  T.    Milton  &  Co.,   Agents    Philadelphia  Fire- 
Proofing  and  Brick  Co 242 

Shea,  John,  &  Co.,  Country    Produce 2S3 

Shimer,  R.  B.,  &  Co.,  Produce  Commission  Merchants.   300 
Shrimpton,   A.   &    Sons   (Limited),    Manfrs.    Pins  and 

Needles 285 

Skilton  &    Son,  Exporters 156 

Slimmon,  Robt.,  &  Co.,  Importer   of   Earthenware.  .  .  .   277 

Sloan,  John  H.,  Paper I74 

Slomon,  Sam  ,  Manfr.  Badges,  etc 301 

Smith,  Philetus,  Jr. ,  Millers'  Agent 2go 

Smith,  Abram   S.,  &  Co.,    Commission    Merchants  in 

Hides,  Skins,  etc 290 

Smith,  Josephine  D.,  Lamps  and    Reflectors 2615 

Smith  &  Moller,  Auditors  and  Accountants 269 

Smith,  H.  C,  Wagons,  Sled^,  etc 274 

Smith,    Sidney    E.,    Manfr.  Confectioners'    Machines, 

Tools,   etc 275 

Smith,  F.  A.,  &  Co.,  Produce  Commission  Merchants.   251 

Smith,  C.  Sydney,  Jewelry  Manfr 162 

Smith,  Lyndon   P.,  Architect 176 

Smith,  Wm.,  &  Co.,  Gold  and  Silver  Chains,  etc 179 

Smith,  E.  Osborne,  &  Co.,  Real  Estate 248 

Smith,  Augustine  &  Co.,  Paper  Manfrs 249 

Smith  &  Nichols,  Manfrs.  Oils,  Candles,  etc 229 

Smyth,  Bernard,  Real  Estate 190 

Snedecor,  L.  O.,  Produce  Commission  Merchant 306 

Solomon's,  B.  L.,  Sons,  Furniture  Fabrics,  etc loi 

Solomon  &  Benedict,  Real  Estate 158 

Soltau,  John,  Fruits,  etc 266 

South  Brooklyn  Saw  Mill  Co 182 

Spangehl,  Wm.  E.,  &   Sons,  Blank   Book  Manfrs 179 

Speed,  A.  M.,  &  Co.,  Printers,  etc 194 

Spencer,  E.  E.,  &  Co.,  Shoe  Store  Supplies 146 

Springer,  John,  Manfr.   Hats,  etc 303 

Squier,  The  Geo.  L.  Manfg.  Co.,  Sugar,  Rice  and  Coffee 

Machinery ^6° 

Squires,    Henry   C,  Anglers'   and    Hunters'    Supplies, 

etc 230 

Stachelberg,  M.,  &  Co.,  Cigars 109 

Standard  Pencil  Co.,  Manfrs.  Gold  and  Silver  Pen  and 

Pencil  Cases,   etc 15S 

Standard  Metal  Tie  and  Construction  Co 167 

Standard  Novelty  Co.,  Manfrs.  Notions,  Sample  Books, 

etc 276 


Standard  Stave  and  Cooperage  Co 273 

Steiger,  E.,  &  Co.,  Foreign    Publications   145 

Stein,  Gustav  J.,  Designer  and  Colorist  of  Wall  Paper, 

etc 259 

Steinccke  &   Farren,  Manfrs.  Drapery  and  Upholstery 

Trimmings 257 

Steinmetz,  Wm.  G.,  Architect  and    Engineer 236 

Steltmann,  Charles  A.,  Manfr.   Whalebone ill 

Sterling,  Erasmus,  Hides  and  Skins 296 

Stewart,  John,  Sewing   Machines 195 

Stimpson,  E.  B.,  &  Son,   Manfrs.   Shoe   Upper   Machi- 
nery   2S9 

St.  Louis  Stamping  Co 285 

Stockwell,  E.  R..  Manfr.  Jewelry 282 

Stokes,  Charles   H.,   Fruits 237 

Stout,  John,  Commission  Merchant 207 

Stover  Manfg.  Co.,  Manfrs.  Syrups,    Elixirs,  etc 206 

Strange  &  Brother,  Silks  and  Ribbons 304 

Strasburger,  Louis,  &  Co.,  Diamonds 236 

Sirasburger.  Byron   L.,  &  Co.,  Watches 147 

Strauch  Bros.,  Manfrs.   Piano  Forte   Actions 113 

Straus,  L.,  &  Sons,  Importers  of  China,  Pottery,  etc, . .  155 

Strong,  Geo.  S.,  Inventor  and  Mechanical  Engineer  . .  193 

Sturtevant  Co.,  The,  Advertising   Novelties 210 

Sutherland,  Eugene,  Repacker  Foreign   Fruits 178 

Sutphen  &  Myer,  Plate  Glass 106 

Susstrong,   Albert,  Manfr.  Watch  Cases 271 

.Sweet,  Stephen,  Notary  Public,  etc 250 

Switzer,  Jos.  W. ,  &  Co.,  Packing  Ho.x  Makers 229 

Tatham  &  Bros.,  Manfrs.  Shot 227 

Taunay,  E.,  Proprietor  New  York  City  Peanut  Roaster 

Works 239 

Taussig,  N.  W.   &  Co  ,  Molasses 197 

T.iylor  &  Wallace,  Produce  Commission  Merchants...  306 

Taylor,  H.  S.  &  Co.,  Manfrs.    Hand  Organs 240 

Taylor,    M.  J.  &  Co.,  Ostrich  Feathers 234 

Thatcher   Furnace  Company,  The 306 

Thau,  H.,  Manfr.    Electrical   and     Telegraphic  Instru- 
ments   243 

Thingvalla   Line,  A.  E.  Johnson    &   Co.,  General  Pas 

senger   Agents 126 

Thoma,  Philipp,  Manfr.  Jewelry 307 

Thomas,  Robert  G.,  Hope  Mills 246 

Thompson,  Henry  C,  Civil   Engineer  and  Surveyor..  233 
Thompson,  James  &  Co.,  Manfr.  Mosquito  Nets,  Buck- 
ram, etc 181 

Thomson. Houston  Electric  Co 90 

Thorburn,  Jas.  M.  &  Co, ,  Seedsmen 220 

Tinplate  Decorating  Co.,  The 256 

TirriU's  Equalizing  Gas  Machines 155 

Todd,  T.  S,,  &  Co.,  Custom  House  Brokers,  etc 211 

Tonkin,  George,  Manfrs.'  Agent 227 

Transatlantic   Fire    Insurance   Co.   of   Hamburg,   Ger- 
many   197 

Travers,  Geo.  W.,  Manfr.  Parasols  for  Baby  and   Doll 

Carriages 152 

Tuttle  &  Bailey  Manfg.  Co.,  Hot  Air  Registers,  etc. .  .  260 

Uli.mann,  Carl  &  Company,   Hops 234 

Ullmann,  L.  &  Co.,  Auctioneers 307 


GENERAL     INDEX. 


Union  Pearl  Works,  S.  L.  &  J.  H.  Lawles,  Proprietors  223 

United  States  Net  &  Twine  Company 1S9 

Universal    Automatic   Lubricator  Company,  Ttie,  Jno. 

A.  Wyman,  Manager 230 

Upjohn  Pill  &  Granule  Company,  The 176 

Usher  &  Osborne,  Crockery,  Glassware  and  Lamps.  . .  203 

Van  Arsdalk,  H.,  Manfrs,'  Aerent  Imported  Hosiery.  25S 

Van  De  Sande,  Chas.   &  Cj  ,  Diamonds,  Watches,  etc.  114 
Van    De   Water,    J.  W  ,    Partitions,    Desks   and  Office 

Fittings 174 

Van  Ness,  J.  Newton,    &  Co.,  Horse  Goods 201 

Van  Nest,  A.  R.  &  Co.,  Horse  Goods,  etc 201 

Van  Olinda,  G.  M.,  Whiskies 179 

Van  Tine,  A.  C.  &  Co.,  Tailors  and  Clothiers 2S7 

Van  Valkenburgh    &   Ronk,    Commission    Merchants, 

Butter,  Cheese,  etc 305 

Van  Wagenen  &  McNab,  Pattern  Makers 257 

Van  Zandt,  Wm.  T.,  Real  Estate 245 

Vernon,  S.  E.  &  M.,  Manfrs.  Blank   Books,  etc 209 

Vidal,  Wm.  R.,  Manfg.  Stationer 269 

Vogel,    H.  C.    &  Co.,    General    Produce   Commission 

Merchants 259 

Vogt  cS:  Dose,  French  China 152 

Volksadvocat,  The,    Miiitz,    Brody   &   Chelimer,   Pub- 
lishers   275 

Waudell,  R.  J.  &  Co.,  Sand  Paper,  Glue,  etc 263 

Wadsworth,  C.  H.,  Fruit 19S 

Wagner  Brush  Manufacturing  Co.,  The 152 

Wagner,  Geo.  D.,  Upholstery  Goods gi 

Waidlow,  S.  &  C,  Iron  Works 231 

Wallace,  J  ,  Wax,  Wax  Papers,  etc 287 

Ward,  Wdliam  H.  &  Co.,  Writing  Papers 300 

Warner,  Jas.   E.,  Thermostatic  Incubator 169 

Warrick  Freres,  Essential  Oils,  Olive  Oils,  etc 274 

Waterbury,  S.   &  Son,  Manfrs.  Infants',  Children's  and 

Misses'  Shoes 192 

Waverly  Refining  Co.,  The,  Syrups  and  Molasses 164 

Weil,  S.,  Manfr.  Fine  Shoes 226 

Weir,  Ross  W.,  &  Co.,  Teas  and  Coffees 257 


Wells,    S.    L.,    Commission    Merchant,    Butter,    Eggs, 

etc 241 

Wenzel,  Adolph  C,  Nickel  Plating  Works 173 

Werner,  John,   Manfg.  Jeweler 267 

Wesel  Manufacturing  Co.,  F.,  Printers'  Materials 300 

Westminster,  The,  W.  G.  Schenck,  Proprietor 218 

Wetzler's,  Albert,  Sons,  Sole  Leather 298 

Weyman  Bros.,  Tobacco  &  Snuffs 273 

Wheeling    Corrugating    Company,    H.     C.     Mechling, 

Manager  . 198 

White,  C.  H.  &  Co.,  I'.ankers 96 

White,  Franklin  C,  Hardware  Manfrs.'  Agent 269 

Whiting,  A.  H.,  Broker,  Commission  Merchant,  etc...  250 

Whiton,  A.  S.,  Steel  and  Iron  Rails,  etc 168 

Wigton,  R.  B.   &  Sons,  Coal 205 

Wild,  H.  L.,  Fret  Work 188 

Wilder,  T.  S.,  Sail  Maker 301 

Wilhelm  Bros.,  Lithographic  Artists  and  Engravers...  255 

Willard  Metal  Co.,  The,  Manfrs.'  Agents 224 

Willets  &  Co.,  Commission  Merchants  in  Leather 129 

Williams  &  Rickerson,  Hay,  Straw,  Oats,  etc 146 

Williams  &  Clark  Fertilizer  Co l6g 

Williams,  H.  P.,  &  Co., Blankets,  Bed  Comforlablcs. etc.  266 

Williams-urgh  City  Fire  Ins.  of  Brooklyn 2SS 

Williamson,  J.  &  Co.,  Rockland  Lake  Ice 267 

Wills   Brothers  Company,    Warehousemen,    Cold    and 

General  Storage 235 

Windmuller,  Louis,  &  Roelker,  Importing  Commission 

Merchants 103 

Windsor,  The,  Hawk  &  Wetherbee,  Proprietors 95 

Winterton,  Clarence  E.,  Fruit  and  Produce 291 

Wood  &  Payson,  Wool   Brokers 184 

Woodbridge  &  Turner,  Electrical  Engineers  and   Con- 
tractors    232 

Woodman,   Durant,  Ph.  D.,    Chemist 169 

Wright,  W.  W. ,  Billiard   Expert 205 

Wucherer,  C.  G.,  Plush,  Satin  and  Leather,  etc igg 

Wygand,  John  &  Co.,  Crockery,  China,  Glassware,  etc.  90 

Young  Co.,  The,   G.   Wright,   Manfrs.   "The  Gard- 
ner "  Steel  Sash  Ribbon  Pulleys,  etc 93 


-,  s 


/^LTHOUGH  the  present  locks  arms  with  the  past,  the  compaiison 
1  must  be  that  of  the  living  elbowing  the  dead.  The  past 
buries,  by  reason  of  its  self-accumulating  ashes.  The  living 
creates,  because  it  is  animate.  Therefore,  in  writing  the  history 
of  New  York,  the  present  must  of  necessity  receive  attention  at  the  expense  of  time  elapsed. 
The  earlier  histor\-,  which  is  as  familiar  as  the  catechism  to  every  schoolboy,  must  be  abridged 
as  to  tedious  description  of  events,  and  dismissed  after  a  brief  mention,  in  order  that  due 
prominence    may   be    allotted    to    the    great,    momentous    to-day. 

Memory  sweeps  back  over  the  battlements  of  Time,  and  rubs  the  dust  and  cobwebs 
from  her  turrets,  in  the  endeavor  to  look  over  into  the  waving  green  sward,  as  it  spread 
across  Manhattan  Island  in  1609,  the  year  that  Henry  Hudson  piloted  his  way  up  the  river 
and  looked  out  upon  the  then  nude  dot  of  land,  which  now  cradles  the  American  Metropolis. 
Fourteen  years  later,  or  in  1623,  a  handful  of  Holland  Dutchmen  came  over  the  brow 
of  the  ocean  and  taking  possession  of  a  little  strip  of  the  Island  built  their  rough  houses 
there.  They  were  not  many  in  number,  these  Dutchmen,  only  about  forty-five ;  but  the  West 
India  Company  (a  firm  of  traders,  something  on  the  plan  of  the  East  India  Company)  having 
heard  of  this  new  world,  decided  that  it  was  quite  the  place  for  a  bit  of  speculation  and  to 
the  new  land  they  sent  the  Dutchmen  with  p.ll  their  earthly  possessions,  which  included  about 
103    head    of   cattle. 


^4  ■  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

It  was  upon  the  point  of  these  new  arrivals  that  the  West  India  Conipan}'  sent  instruc- 
tions to  Peter  Miiuiit,  the  Director-General  of  New  Netherlands,  to  make  overtures  to  the  Red 
Men  and  induce  them  to  part  with  their  ham-shaped  hunting-grounds — this  thirteen  miles  of  river 
and  bay-laved  rock  and  sand  upon  which  now  rests  one  of  the  world's  greatest  cities.  The 
chiefs  of  the  tribes  were  called  together,  and  upon  the  sight  of  a  few  gewgaws  and  beads, 
and  60  guilders  (S  24.)  in  mone)',  they  willingly  parted  with  the  entire  Island,  twenty-two  square 
miles,     or     14,000     acres.  This     liberal    bargain     on     the     part    of     Director-General     Minuit     made 

him  still  a  greater  man  in  the  eyes  of  the  West  India  Company,  to  whom  he  wrote  a  glowing 
account  of  the  success  wiili  which  he  had  met.  flushed  by  such  bright  prospects,  the  com- 
pany at  once  began  to  enlist  converts  for  the  new  world  and  it  was  not  long  before  200 
persons  had  been  collected  upon  the  Island.  Thirty  houses,  of  a  clieap  pattern,  were  erected. 
A  new  name  was  adopted  by  the  settlement — that  of  New  Netherlands.  A  spirit  of  prosperity 
at  once  seized  the  population.  Trade,  commerce,  and  speculation  in  its  infancy  began  to 
raise  up  its  head.  The  first  warehouse  on  the  Island  was  erected  about  the  year  1626,  when 
the  first  record  of  a  shipment  of  goods  to  Holland  is  made,  consisting  of  "  7,246  beaver  skins, 
853!/^  otter  skins,  81  mink  skins,  36  wildcat  skins,  34  rat  skins  and  much  oak  and  hickory 
timbers."  Tills    record   was    accompanied    wiih    anollier    which   announced    that    on    "  9    June,    1625, 

Sarah,  daughter  of  Jan  Joris  Rapaelje "  had  been  born — the  first  wliite  child  ever  born  upon  the 
Island. 

Director  Minuit  made  it  his  duty  to  be  the  author  of  the  first  factional  fight  that  e\er 
occurred     upon     the     Island.  That     was     in     1632.  It     seems     that     he     had     fallen     in     with     a 

number  of  the  feudal  lords  of  the  new  land,  who  were  known  as  Patroons — that  is,  the  first 
persons  who  had  emigrated  and  now  possessed  slaves.  These  Patroons  were  granted  the 
privilege  to  hold  the  land  upon  which  they  resided,  free  from  taxes  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
and    the    slaves    were    compelled    to    work     these    lands.  Director    Minuit    showed    these    petty 

lords  great  favor  and  owing  to  that  account,  he  was  humiliated  by  being  recalled  from  the 
office  of  Director.  Resigning  the  government  into  the  hands  of  a  council,  he  set  sail  in  the 
ship  Eendragt  for  Holland.  And  right  in  here  arose  the  first  ripple  of  contention  between  the 
English  and  the  Dutch.  The  weather  proved  foul  and  the  ship  drifted  into  Plymouth  Har- 
bor, where  she  was  held  captive  by  the  authorities  at  that  point,  upon  the  charge  of  being  an 
illegal  trader  in  English  monopolies,  the  Englishmen  having  discovered  on  board  a  large  cargo 
of  skins.  Governor  Minuit  at  once  notified  the  Dutch  Company,  who  opened  up  a  hot  corres- 
pondence with  the  English  government  through  the  Dutch  Ambassadors  at  London.  The 
Dutch  claimed  that  thev  had  a  prior  right  to  the  province  of  Manhattan  Island,  owing  to  their 
discovery  of  it  in  1609;  llie  return  of  the  Dutch  in  1610  ;  the  grant  of  their  trading  charter 
in  1614;  the  support  of  the  fort  and  garrison  until  the  West  India  Company's  organization  in 
1621  ;  the  neglect  of  the  English  to  steal  the  country;  and  ihe  original  purchase  of  the 
Island    for   60    guilders. 

The  English  Government  denied  these  claims,  saying  that  Cabot  had  discovered  the  land; 
that  the  Plymouth  Companv  was  its  rightful  owner  under  a  patent  granted  by  King  James  I., 
who  was  its  lawful  Sovereign  ;  while  they  also  declared  that  the  Red  Men,  being  a  race  of 
nomads,  had  no  right  to  sell  the  Island  for  a  mess  of  [loitage.  Finally,  the  English  Gov- 
ernment agreed  to  permit  the  Dutch  to  stop  upon  the  Island,  in  return  for  loyal  submission  to 
the    English    crown.  This    settled    the    matter     and    Governor    Minuit     sailed     away    with    the     Een- 

drai^t. 

Isaic  de  Raiseres  had  in  the  meantime  been  heading  the  Dutch  Council  and  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Koopman  Van  Remund.  This  brings  us  down  to  the  year  1633,  when  in  April, 
tlie  Dutch  successor  to  Minuit  came  to  America — Governor  Wouter  Van  Twiller,  upon  the  ship 
Soulherg,  with  a  militia  of  104  men,  a  Spanish  caraval  that  she  had  captured  and  brought 
along  with  her.  In  this  ship  came  also  Everardus  Bogardus,  the  first  clergyman  ever  landed 
in    America   and    Adam    Roelandson,    the    first    schoolmaster. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


35 


The  name  of  the  Island  was  now  changed  from  Manhattan  to  New  Amsterdam.  Gov- 
ernor Van  TwiUer  had  secured  his  office  thiough  the  influence  of  Killian  Van  Rensselaer,  a 
wealthy  Patroon  whose  daughter  he  had  married.  Van  Twiller,  who  is  recorded  as  being  a 
feeble-charactered  and  incompetent  director,  organized  his  first  council  from  Jacob  Jansen 
Hesse,  Martin  Gerritsen,  Andries  Hudde,  Jacques  Bentyn  and  Cornelius  Van  Trenhoven,  the 
latter  having  been  the  accountant  for  the  Dutch  Company.  At  this  time  Van  Twiller  lived 
in  Wall  Street,  where  he  had  a  farm  and  built  a  house,  barn,  boat-house  and  brewery,  the 
farm   extending  from    Wall    north,    to    Hudson    Street. 

In  1636,  the  first  record  is  made  of  a  real  estate  transfer,  when  the  property  now  owned 
by  Trinity  Church  was  conveyed  to  Roelof  Jans,  the  grant  running  from  the  south  of  Warren 
Street,  along  Broadway  to  Duane  Street,  one  and  a  half  miles  northwest  to  Christopher  Street, 
bounded    bv    the    North    River,    the    territory    comprising   62    acres. 


View  from  Twenty-Third  Street.  Looki.vg  Soi-th.  Showing  Bro.4dway  and  Fifth  Avente. 


Long  Island  was  connected  by  ferry  in  163S  ;  then  came  the  factional  fights  between  the 
Stuyvesants,  the  Van  Rensselaers,  the  Van  Der  Doncks  and  the  Schuylers  in  1640;  Governor 
William  Kieft  built  the  first  tavern  at  the  corner  of  Pearl  Street  and  Coenties  Slip  in  1642. 
The  first  fire  company  was  organized  in  1648,  with  "  the  one-legged  Peter  Stuyvesant,"  the  new 
Director   of    New    Amsterdam,    for   its    chief. 

Two  years  after,  or  in  1650,  the  first  application  for  a  municipal  form  of  government  was 
made  and  in  the  following  year,  the  Lord  State  General  of  the  Netherlands  caused  a  burger 
form  of  government  to  be  founded.  The  town  is  now  invested  with  the  dignified  title  of 
"citv"  and  the  hoodwinked  Dutchmen  pay  for  it  in  ta.xes.  Colonel  Nichols,  at  a  meeting  of 
the    Council    Chamber    is    proclaimed    Governor  of    the   Province.         The    spirit    of    English    invasion 


36  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

begins  to  spread  and  show  signs  of  life  by  cropping  up  here  and  there — notably  at  Fort  Lee, 
where   the    British    flag    is   raised    and    the    battlement  becomes    known    as    Fort    James. 

The  name  of  New  Amsterdam  is  shelved  and  the  good  old  title  of  New  York  is  given  to 
the  city  under  a  charter  granted  by  Governor  Nichols.  By  1664,  one  finds  that  the  tongues 
of  nations  have  increased  until  eighteen  foreign  languages  are  spoken  in  New  York.  From  a 
city  of  1,000  persons  in  1656,  the  number  in  1664  is  1,500.  The  infant  of  belligerency  is 
rapidly  growing  and  getting  upon  its  legs — Dutch  .  merchant  vessels  numbering  130  have  been 
captured  by  the  English.  The  Dutch  have  voted  14,000,000  guilders  for  the  expense  of  the  war. 
The  House  of  Commons  in  London  has  supported  the  formal  war  decree  against  the  Province. 
The  Duke  of  York,  in  cominand  of  the  fleet,  confiscated  the  entire  estates  of  the  Dutch  West 
India    Company. 

Six  years  later,  in  1670,  an  event  of  national  importance  occurred,  namely,  tlie  establish- 
ment of  the  first  Exchange.  This  was  March  24,  during  the  term  of  Mayoralty  held  by 
Thomas  Willett,  the  first  Mayor  of  New  York.  The  hour  for  the  meetings  was  fixed  for 
Friday  mornings,  between  11  and  12  o'clock,  at  Broad  Street,  just  where  the  bridge  used  to 
cross    a    ditch,    the    spot   now    known    as    Exchange    Place. 

There  was  another  lively  time  in  July,  1673,  when  the  Dutch  recaptured  the  city  and 
renamed    it  New  Orange.  But  their    power    was    ephemeral,  for    in    November,    1674,  the    English 

again  gained  control  of  the  cit)',  which  they  held  until  November,  1783.  In  1678,  Governor 
Andros    wrote    of    the    colony    tiuis  : 

"  Our  merchants  are  not  many,  but  with  inhabitants  and  planters,  about  2,000  able  to  bear 
arms ;  old  inhabitants  of  the  place  or  of  England,  except  in  and  near  New  Yorke,  of  Dutch 
extraction  and  some  few  of  all  nations,  but  few  servants,  much  wanted,  and  but  very  few 
slaves." 

The  first  mention  of  any  assembly  coming  together  in  New  York,  is  found  October  17, 
1683,  the  body  comprising  the  newly  arrived  Governor  Dongan,  ten  councilors  and  seventeen 
representatives  who  had  been  elected  by  the  people.  The  Charter  of  Liberties — the  initial 
popular  charter  of  the  province, — was  the  first  work  framed.  That  same  year,  December  8, 
the  city  was  divided  into  six  wards.  It  was  a  difficult  matter  to  get  water  and  seven  public 
wells    were    dug.  The    city   now     contained    about    350   houses.  There     were     about    325    names 

on    the    tax    collector's   list,    one-fourth    French,    one-third    English    and    the    others    Dutch. 

The  Duke  of  York,  in  whom  the  powers  of  government  were  vested,  by  the  grant  of  the 
province  and  city,  having  in  1685  succeeded  to  the  throne  under  the  title  of  James  II.,  now 
relinquished  his  rights  as  proprietor,  which  rights,  having  merged  into  the  Crown,  the  province 
ceased  to  be  a  charter  government.  From  that  date  until  the  evacuation,  it  was  a  British 
Crown  Colony.  Governor  Dongan  dissolved  the  Assembly  August  6,  1685,  and  no  further 
meetings  were  held  during  the  reign  of  King  James  II.  The  great  e\ent  of  1689  was  tlie 
revolution  ;  which  comprised  the  alarm  of  New  York  ;  the  French  threats  and  the  operations 
of   the    Committee   of    Safety. 

One  of  the  benefits  of  the  greatest  of  the  world's  discoveries  was  noted  in  1691,  when  tiie 
first  material  was  sent  broadcast  from  the  printing  press.  One  year  later,  1692,  marks  the 
establisiinient  of  the  Church  of  England  in  New  York,  which  soon  gained  a  footing,  in  the 
face  of  the  Dutch  Church.  The  work  was  commenced  wiiich  culminated  in  1696,  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  foundation  of  old  Trinity  Church.  This  was  finished  in  1697,  tlie  Rev.  Wil- 
liam   Vesey  opening    it   for   public    worship    February    6. 

The  first  valuation  of  city  real  estate  was  in  1693,  when  it  was  found  to  be  ;^78,23i 
— or   in    the    neighborhood    of    $380,000. 

The  year  1696  brought  the  first  hackney  coach  and  the  wonderful  one-horse  chaise.  The 
first  carpet  had  just  been  introduced  into  America  by  the  Pirate  Kidd — a  Turkish  rug  wortli 
$25.  A  taste  of  luxury  began  to  seize  the  people  and  they  gradually  worked  into  the 
ownership    of   clocks,    kitchen    chairs,    and    small    mirrors. 


HISTORY  AND  COxMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


37 


The  great  happening  of  1697  was  the  estabhshnient  of  the  first  Board  of  Trade,  the  mem- 
bers comprising  a  president  and  seven  members.  The  population  of  tiie  city  had  now  grown 
to  4,937,  in  the  year  of  1698.  We  have  but  to  look  over  the  brow  of  two  more  years,  to  meet 
the  ushering  in  of  the  eighteenth  century — 1700.  Let  us,  then,  rapidly  slide  through  the  years 
irom    this    point,    in    order    that   the    mighty    living    present    may    be   viewed    the    quicker. 


<^Jp^vf^iJ?^====^ 


''Of-r  ^  Bf!CSLW.H.y 


:^=^ 


Fifth  Avenue,  Looking  North,  Showing  "  Delmoxico's." 


38 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


In  1702,  the  government  of  New  York  was  in  charge  of  Lord  Cornbury,  (Edward  H\de) 
eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Clarendon.  The  greatest  educational  step  of  the  colony  was  taken 
in  1705,  when  Andrew  Clark,  an  Englishman,  came  over  and  opened  the  first  public  school. 
There    were    then    5,250   persons    in    New    York. 

The  Upas-tree  of  the  century  was  planted  in  1709,  when  the  first  slave-mart  was  opened  at  the 
foot  of  Wall  Street  slip,  on  the  site  of  the  old  block  house.  This  same  year  may  also  be 
said  to  have  been  the  first  plank  in  the  financial  history  of  this  city,  paper  money  having  then 
been    introduced. 

Broadway,  between  Maiden  Lane  and  what  is  now  City  Hall  Park,  was  laid  out  in  1712. 
The  negro  oppression  riot  also  burst  forth  again  in  that  year.  There  were  six  city  policemen 
(they    were    known    as    watchmen). 

By    17 14,   the    population    was    54S0    persons. 

The  mayor  of  New  York  in  17 16,  was  John  Johnson,  a  shipping  merchant;  followed  in 
1719  by  Jacobus  Van  Cortlandt.  William  Bradford,  the  government  printer,  established  the  New 
York  Gazette  in  1725 — the  first  newspaper  published  here.  In  1729,  the  first  public  library 
was    established,    in    Nassau    Street,  comprising    1622    volumes. 

The  first  public  markets  began  to  spring  up  along  the  river  front  in  1732.  The  souls  of 
the  city  now  numbered  8,622.  "The  Commons,"  now  City  Hall  Park,  had  a  great  fishing 
pond  on  the  north  edge,  known  as  Fresh  Water  pond  and  near  this  stood  the  old  city 
gallows. 

Jacobus  Roosevelt  founded  the  old  tanneries  in  "the  Swamp,"  in  1734  and  thus  established 
the    present   site    of    the    leather   trade.       He    bought    fifty    lots    here,    paying   ^200    each    for    them. 

The   first   workhouse    was    built    upon    the    Commons,    in    1734- 

The   city   wards    now    numbered    seven    and    were    granted    extra    protection.       The    first    engine 
house  was  built   in    Broad  Street,  the   society  paying   Jacobus 
Turk   ;^io    per   year    to    look    after    it.       This    was    in   1736, 
and  in   1737,    the    fire    department  consisted    of    twenty-seven 
members. 

That  year  Trinity  enlarged  herself  for  the  last  time, 
lifting  her  steeple  180  feet  into  space.  Then  came  the 
uprising  known  as  "  tiie  Negro  plot,"  in  1741.  There 
were  10,000  persons  in  town,  and  of  this  number,  one 
fifth  were  slaves — the  introduction  of  this  inhuman  traffic 
being  due  to  Wilhelm  Kieft.  At  the  end  of  the  riots, 
from  May  11  to  August  29,  154  negroes  were  cast 
into    prison.  Of    this    number,    eighteen    were     hanged, 

fourteen    burned    at    the    stake,    seventy-one    transported  and 
the    remainder    pardoned. 

The  first  college  was  founded  in  1744,  during  the 
mayoralty  of  Stephen  Bayard,  this  step  being  the  initial 
one  towards  the  founding  of  Kings — now  Columbia — Col- 
lege. 

Let  us  now  get  into  the  fever  wards  of  those  old 
Revolutionary  days,  when  the  history  of  America  shifted 
about  upon  the  point  of  Time's  great  finger.  The 
population  in  1756  had  reached  13,046;  in  1760,  it  was 
14,000.  The  first  ferry  had  just  been  built  between 
New  York  and  Paulus  Hook — at  present  Jersey  City. 
The  mails  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia  went 
over  by  stage  coach  and  packet,  twice  a  week,  the  time 
occupied    being     at    least  three    days. 


^c 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  39 

Philip  Embury  and  his  followers  had  organized  the  first  Methodist  Church  in  1766,  the  old 
John    Street    Church    having   been    erected    in    1767   and    named    Wesley    Chapel. 

The  formidable  thing  of  evil,  war,  bloodshed,  riot,  ruin,  finally  plunged  into  the  fray, 
April  5,  1768,  when  the  Boston  troubles  began,  just  upon  the  heels  of  the  passage  of  the  Stamp 
Act  and  the  stamp  riot.  New  York,  with  her  20,000  inhabitants  had  been  disfranchised.  The 
first  mercantile  society  in  America  was  formed,  wiili  John  Conger,  as  President ;  Hugh  Wallace, 
Vice-President ;  Elias  Desbrosses,  Treasurer.;  and  Anthony  Van  Dam,  Secretary.  On  December 
5,  1769,  Isaac  Law  made  a  motion  for  the  society's  incorporation,  its  permanency  thus  being 
secured  through  a  charter  from  the  Crown.  New  York,  in  the  face  of  Boston's  protest,  has 
resumed    her   commercial    relations    with    England. 

We  all  know  of  that  mighty  period,  when  the  pioneers  of  the  New  World  arose,  and  under 
the  great  generalship  of  Washington  wresting  the  sword  from  Britain,  trampled  it  under  their 
feet.  We  know  tlie  history  of  that  bloody  war,  which  ended  in  the  signing  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence;  the  work  of  the  immortal  Congress  which  welded  the  fomenting  colonies  into 
thirteen  states ;  and  we  know,  also,  that  at  the  end  of  the  savage  war,  160,000  bodies  slum- 
bered   in    that    silent  city   of    the    dead. 

On  November  25,  1783,  the  British  soldiery  marched  out  through  the  Bowery  and  to  the 
ships  that  awaited  tliem  and  New  York  was  like  one  born  anew.  All  hail !  then,  to  a  period 
of    peace    and  commercial    prosperity. 

The  first  mayor  of  New  York,  under  the  new  state  of  affairs,  was  James  Duane,  a  native, 
his    installation    having    taken    place    February    5,    1784. 

There    were   now    23,614   persons    in    New    York,    an    increase    of    1752    since    177 1. 

The  first  siep  had  been  taken  December  31,  1781,  to  found  the  Bank  of  North  America, 
at  Philadelphia,  the  first  institution  ever  established  in  the  states,  Robert  Morris  having  origi- 
nated the  scheme,  assisted  by  Alexander  Hamilton  and  Gouverneur  ^Morris.  This  was  followed 
by  the  establishment  of  the  Bank  of  New  York  in  1784,  Alexander  Hamilton  having  gained  a 
charter   for    it    May    21,    1791.  ■    The    capital    of    this    bank    was  $950,000. 

This  year  the  yellow  fever  panic  set  in,  lasting  until  1798,  when  2,086  deaths  had  been 
counted. 

The  first  fire  insurance  company  was  founded  in  the  States  in  179S.  this  being  the  New 
York    Marine. 

The  Manhattan  Bank  was  founded  in  1799,  with  a  capital  of  §2,050.000.  The  brink  of  the 
nineteenth  centur}',  1800,  found  the  population  60,000,  against  33,131  in  1790.  George  Wash- 
ington lived  at  No.  39  Broadway,  the  Bunker  Mansion  House.  The  Republicans  gained  four 
wards  and  the  Federalists  three,  during  an  election.  The  New  York  Hospital,  under  its  charter 
of  1791,  was  the  only  institution  of  the  kind  in  this  city.  In  1805,  when  New  York  numbered 
75,770  souls,  her  real  estate  valuation  was  $25,645,867 — this  being  the  first  reliable  assessment 
made    since    1793. 

The    City    Bank    was    organized    in    1812,    with    a    cajjital    of    $2,000,000. 

The  first  savings  institution  was  established  by  Thomas  Eddy  in  1S19,  assisted  by  Dr.  John 
Griscom,  John  Printard  and  others,  the  president  being  William  Bayard.  The  site  of  the  insti- 
tution   is    now    occupied    by    the    Bleecker    Street    Bank. 

From  the  year  of  182 1  to  1830,  it  may  be  said  that  foreign  commerce  had  her  first  encour- 
ao-ing  growth,  the  amount  at  the  New  York  port  alone  having  reached  during  those  ten  years, 
^36,337,956,  or  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  of  the  States.  In  these  years  the  exports  were 
$8,797,218;  domestic  exports,  $12,786,118;  making  a  total  of  $57,921,292  in  foreign  commerce. 
New  York's  real  estate  in  1835,  had  increased  to  $218,723,703  in  value.  Then  came  the  fatal 
upas-breath  of  financial  disaster — the  panic  of  1837,  which  carried  so  many  great  houses  of  bu.s- 
iness  and  finance  down  the  stream  of  ruin,  like  straws  in  the  grinding  waters  of  the  rapids. 
The  cause  of  it  all  lay  in  the  fact  that  in  1833,  the  Government  had  caused  the  removal  of 
deposits  from    the    United    States    Bank    to    the    local  banks.       Paper,    to  a   wild    amount    was  issued. 


40 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


credit  was  unreservedly  extended.  The  currency  was  further  contracted  by  the  specie  circular 
issued  July  ii,  1836,  and  money  became  so  scarce  in  1837,  that  the  crash  proved  beyond 
resistance. 

The  year  of  1845,  seems  to  have  been  a  sort  of  half-way  house  on  the  road  from  1800  to 
the  present.  In  that  day  the  New  Yorkers  had  a  delightful  strolling  place  in  the  shape  of  the 
Battery  Park,  from  under  the  elms  of  which  opened  a  charming  vista  of  the  waters  of  the 
Hudson  and  the  Ba)',  while  near  it,  reached  by  a  short  pier,  was  Castle  Garden,  where  for 
twenty-five  cents,  one  might  pass  a  whole  evening  witnessing  the  feats  of  the  Ellsler  Brothers, 
or    listening    to    some    native    vocalist    with    a   foreign    name — for   the  great    era    of    the   great    Jenny 


r 


1#5 -.  ■ 


City  Hall.  "World,"  "Tribune"  and  "Times." 

Lmd,  Sweden's  immortal  nightingale,  had  not  yet  been  realized.  Or,  one  might  watch  the 
awkward  flamingos,  as  they  stalked  about  the  little  fountain  in  Bowling  Green  Park;  or  one 
might  sit  upon  a  Park  farm  beneath  the  trees  and  gaze  with  boyish  wonder  at  the  good,  old 
fashioned,  historic,  Washington  House,  at  No.  i  Broadway,  where  that  financial  palace  now  pierces 
the  sky.  This  house  was  at  that  time  the  residence  of  Ex-Mayor  Andrew  H.  Mickle,  who  no 
doubt  enjoyed  the  presence  of  the  ghosts  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  Washington,  William'  IV.  and 
Livmgston. 

In    that   old   year,    the    denizens   used    to    attend    divine    service   at    Trinitv    Church,    which    had 
not    been    exactly   completed;    while    its    neighbor]    Grace    Church,    was    execu'ting   the   bold    design 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  41 

of  ereciing  a  new  edifice  away  uptown  at  lotli  Street,  the  spot  where  so  many  young  hearts 
now  flutter  as  their  owners  stand  before  the  aUar  taking  unto  themselves  the  vows  of  wedlock. 
This  church,  in  1845,  was  much  talked  about  as  one  of  the  to-be-wonders  of  architecture  and  tc 
which  the  Rev.  Dr.  Taylor  was  to  attract  great  audiences.  Or,  if  one  were  inclined  to  Cal- 
vinism, there  was  the  stanchly  orthodox  brick  church  at  Park  Row  and  Beekman  Street,  of 
which    Dr.    Gardner   Spring   was    the    chief    head. 

Again,  one  used  in  those  days  to  hie  one's  self  in  best  raiment  to  hear  Mr.  Brady  hold  forth 
in  Broadway,  near  St.  Paul's  Church,  that  one's  lineaments  might  be  perpetuated  into  future  gener- 
ations, by  the  newly  introduced  process  of  Monsieur  Daguerre,  (Sun-pictures,  as  most  persons 
called  them)  whereby  one's  Spartan  endurance  of.  the  blinding  sunlight  under  a  glass  roof  was 
rewarded  witli    one    portrait    for    each   silting. 

Every  person  of  note  who  came  to  town  lodged  at  the  Astor  House — "the  finest  hotel  in 
any  coutury " — that  is,  if  the  pocket  could  afiford  it,  for  the  Astor  then  charged  $7  per  week  for 
board,  and  great  men  like  Daniel  Webster,  Henry  Clay  and  John  J.  Crittenden  made  it  their 
habit   to    put   up   at   the   Astor. 

The  public  had  her  favorite  journals  :  The  Mirror,  edited  by  the  two  poets,  George  P. 
Morris  and  N.  P.  Willis ;  or  the  Courier  and  Enquirer,  for  which  Henry  J.  Raymond  wrote ; 
or  the  Broadway  Journal,  in  which  Edgar  Allen  Poe  displayed  his  genius ;— then,  also,  another 
poet,  was  putting  forth  an  occasional  poem,  written  after  the  close  of  his  daily  duties  as  private 
secretary  to  John  Jacob  Astor,  in  the  little  one-story  brick  office  building  in  Prince  Street,  just 
west  of  Broadway,  and  of  whom  N.  P.  Willis  had  just  said:  "If  only  philosophy  ruled  our 
country,    Fitz-Greene    Halleck    would    be    a   governor."' 

One  could  visit  the  gallery  of  the  Academy  of  Design,  in  the  Society  Library's  building  at 
Broadway  and  Leonard  Street  and  see  the  latest  paintings  by  Cole,  Durand,  Edmonds,  Chapman 
and  Gignoux — and  wonder  how  long  it  would  be  before  that  new  statue  called  the  "  Greek 
Slave "    would    be    brought    from    London,    where    the    critics   were    so    praising   it. 

Then,  Tenth  Street  was  about  the  limit  of  the  fashionable  residence  quarter,  though  Union 
Square  was  coming  to  the  front  as  its  rival.  Broadway  was  unpaved  beyond  Fourteenth  Street 
and  "  Corporal  "  Thompson's  tavern  at  Fifth  Avenue  and  West  Twenty-third  Street  was  quite  in 
the  country.  Madison'  Square  was  an  open  field,  while  the  guide  books  of  the  day  described 
Bloomingdale  as  a  "  remarkably  neat  village  of  New  York  County,  five  miles  above  the  City 
Hall  and  having  four  hundred  inhabitants,"  while  Harlem  was  "a  flourishing  village  of  fifteen 
hundred    population,  with    a    superabundance    of   hotels." 

The  frightful  fire  of  18 11,  in  which  one  hundred  houses  were  burned,  and  which  was  out- 
done in  1835,  December  16,  17  and  18,  when  648  shops  and  houses  and  eighteen  million 
dollars  worth  of  properly  was  destroyed,  was  again  repeated  in  1845,  July  ig.  It  broke  out 
near  Wall  Street,  running  south  to  Stone  Street  and  licked  up  millions  of  dollars  worth  of 
houses    and    shops    between    Broadway    and    Broad    streets. 

Thousands  of  people  went  of  a  Sunday  to  see  the  great  High  Bridge  which  had  been  built 
to  form  a  channel-path  for  the  aqueduct  over  the  Harlem  River  and  into  which  the  water  had 
been  poured,  July  4,  1842.  This  structure  is  1450  feet  long,  with  fourteen  piers,  eight  of  eighty 
feet  each,  six  of  fifty  feet  span,  and  one  hundred  feet  above  tide-water  mark.  It  cost  $900,000. 
To  this  beautiful  bridge,  the  citizens  of  1845  "s*^"^'  t°  go  O"-"  "^  droves  and  marvel  over  it  as 
one    of    the   great    works    of   the    century. 

Tammany  Hall  was  just  getting  upon  its  political  legs.  The  Great  Western  and  Sirius 
which  had  made  their  maiden  voyages  from  England  to  America  in  1841,  were  the  only  notable 
boats    in  "45. 

Emigrants  to  Oregon  (it  was  just  on  the  eve  of  the  gold  excitement)  were  carried  via  Val- 
paraiso   and    the    Sandwich    Islands,    the    trip    requiring    six   months. 

The  Baltimore  and  Washington  telegraph  line  (the  first  in  the  country)  constructed  in  1S44, 
had    in    1S45    been    duplicated    by  a  wire    running   from    New    York    to  Washington  via    Philadelphia. 


J2  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

James  K.  Polk  was  ihe  president  of  the  twenty-seven  states.  This  country  had  4,633  miles 
of  railway  and  14,183  post-offices.  The  greatest  man  that  America  ever  produced — Abraham  Lin- 
cohi — was  studying  law  at  Springfield,  111.  It  was  within  but  fifteen  years  of  the  lime  when 
his  name  would  be  known  over  the  world.  The  elder  Bennett  was  editing  The  Herald ;  Horace 
Greeley's  Tribune    was    four    years    old.        New    York    real   estate    was    assessed    at    $239,995,517. 

The  Astor  Place  Opera  House  (now  the  new  Mercantile  Library  Building)  was  erected  in 
1848  ;  and  May  10,  1849,  during  the  engagement  of  the  great  English  actor,  Macready,  occurred 
the   great  Macready-Forrest    Astor-place    rio;. 

The  world  famous  Jenny  Lind,  the  Swedish  nightingale,  came  to  Castle  Garden  under  Bar- 
num's  management,  September  7,  1850.  Sontag,  Grisi,  Catherine  Hayes  and  Parodi  also  came 
that    year,    and    December    5,    1851,    the    Hungarian  patriot,  Louis    Kossuth,    came  here    also. 

At  the  Crystal  Palace,  now  Bryant  Park,  the  World's  Fair  for  the  exhibition  of  the 
Industries  of  all  Nations  was  opened  July  14,  1853.  The  city  had  grown  from  75,770,  in  1805, 
to  96,373  in  iSio;  93.634  in  i8i6;  123,706  in  1820;  166.086  in  1825;  202,589  in  1830; 
268,089  in  1835;  312,710  in  1840;  371,223  in  1845;  515,000  in  1850;  and  600,000  in  1853, 
which  carries  us  down  to  the  greatest  event  in  the  financial  history  of  New  York,  namely,  the 
establishment  on  October  3,  1853,  of  the  Clearing  House,  which  was  opened  for  operations  the 
eleventh  day  of  that  month.  This  house  was  established  upon  the  London  system,  which  found 
favor  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century,  and  was  introduced  into  this  country  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  New  York  Clearing  House  Association,  consisting  at  that  time  of  fifiy-tive  banks, 
with   an    aggregate    capital    of    $47,000,000. 

The  first  proposition  to  establish  a  Clearing  House  in  the  City  of  New  York,  was  made  by 
the  late  Albert  Gallatin,  president  of  the  National  Bank  (now  the  Gallatin  National  Bank). 
In  a  pamphlet,  entitled,  "  Suggestions  on  the  Banks  and  Currency  of  the  Several  United  States, 
in  Reference  to  the  Suspension  of  Specie  Payments,"  published  in  the  year  1831,  occurs  the 
following    paragraphs,    viz.: 

"There  is  a  measure  which,  though  belonging  to  the  administration  of  banks,  rather  than 
to  legal  enactments,  is  suggested  on  account  of  its  great  importance.  Few  regulations  would 
be  more  useful  in  preventing  dangerous  expansions  of  discounts  and  issues  on  the  part  of  the 
City  banks,  than  a  regular  exchange  of  notes  and  checks,  and  an  actual  daily  or  semi-weekly 
payment  of  the  balances.  It  must  be  recollected  that  it  is  by  this  process  alone  that  a  bank 
of  the  United  States  has  ever  acted  or  been  supposed  to  act  as  a  regulator  of  the  currency. 
Its  action  would  not  in  that  respect  be  wanted  in  any  city,  the  banks  of  which  would  by 
adopting  the  process,  regulate  themselves.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  ingredients  of  the  system 
of  the  banks  of  Scotland.  The  bankers  of  London,  by  the  daily  exchange  of  drafts  at  the 
Clearing  House,  reduce  the  ultimate  balance  to  a  very  small  sum,  and  that  balance  is  immedi- 
ately paid  in  notes  of  the  Bank  of  England.  The  want  of  a  similar  arrangement  among  the 
banks  of  this  city,  produces  relaxation,  favors  improper  expansion,  and  is  attended  with  serious 
inconvenience.  The  principal  difficulty  in  the  way  of  an  arrangement  for  that  purpose,  is  the 
want  of  a  common  medium  other  than  specie,  for  effecting  the  payment  of  balances.  These  are 
daily  fluctuating,  and  a  perpetual  drawing  and  redrawing  of  specie  from  and  into  the  banks,  is 
unpopular   and    inconvenient. 

"In  order  to  remedy  this,  it  has  been  suggested  that  a  general  Cash  Office  might  be 
established,  in  which  each  bank  should  place  a  sum  in  specie,  proportionate  to  its  capital,  which 
would  be  carried  to  its  credit  in  the  books  of  the  office.  Each  bank  would  be  daily  debited 
or  credited  in  those  books  for  the  balance  of  its  account  with  all  the  other  banks.  Each 
bank  might  at  anv  time  draw  for  specie  on  the  office  for  the  excess  of  its  credit  beyond  its 
quota  and  each  bank  should  be  obliged  to  replenish  its  quota  whenever  it  was  diminished  one- 
half,    or    in    any    other    proportion    agreed    upon. 

"  It  may  be  said  that  some  similar  arrangement  might  be  made  in  every  county  or  larger 
and    convenient    district   of    the    state.       It    would    not     be    necessary    to     establish     there     a   general 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


43 


-^-^-7^^^ 


BROADWAY   FROM  ESCHANGE  PLACE,  SolH'B. 


44  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Cash  Office.  Each  of  the  banks  of  Scotland  has  an  agent  at  Edinburgh  and  the  balances 
are  there  settled  twice  a  week,  and  paid  generally  by  drafts  on  London.  In  the  same  manner, 
the  balances  due  by  the  banks  in  each  district  might  be  paid  by  drafts  on  New  York,  or  any 
other   place    agreed    upon." 

The  above  extracts  contain  the  germ  of  the  clearing  house  system^ — grand  and  indispensable 
in    the    money    world. 

Several  meetings  were  held,  and  finally,  at  one  of  bank  officers,  August  23,  1853,  at  which 
thirty-eight  banks  were  represented,  a  committee  of  organization  was  appointed,  viz.:  F.  W. 
Edmunds,  cashier  Mechanics'  Bank ;  James  Punnett,  cashier  Bank  of  America ;  A.  E.  Silliman, 
cashier  Merchants'  Bank ;  J.  L.  Everitt,  cashier  Broadway  Bank  ;  Richard  Berry,  cashier  Trades- 
men's   Bank,    R.    S.    Oakley,    as    secretary. 

They  reported  a  plan  for  simplifying  the  system  of  making  exchanges  and  settling  daily 
balances  between  the  banks,  and  recommended  the  securing  of  a  suitable  room,  near,  or  on 
Wall  Street  for  the  purposes  of  the  association.  On  October  3,  1853,  they  reported  a  plan, 
and  secured  a  location  at  No.  14  Wall  Street,  and  on  October  11,  1853,  the  first  exchanges 
were    made. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  all  of  the  banks  in  the  city  united  in  its  organization.  Its 
workings  soon  after  its  organization  developed  its  importance  in  forcing  conservative  banking  as 
.exemplified  in  the  failure  of  and  closing  up  of  four  banks  within  the  short  period  of  a  few  weeks, 
every   bank    being    required    under   its    system    to    meet   every    obligation    daily    in   its    settlements. 

Mr.  John  P.  Ritter  was  appointed  assistant  manager  in  1864  upon  the  proposition  of  Mr. 
Camp.  After  twenty-four  years  of  faithful  service,  'he,  on  account  of  ill  health,  was  forced  to 
retire  on  the  6th  of  October,  1888.  Mr.  Wm.  Sherer  was  appointed  as  his  successor  and  entered 
upon  his  duties  on  the  17th  of  December,  1888.  Mr.  Sherer's  experience,  first  in  the  money 
department  of  the  Metropolitan  Bank,  and  afterwards  for  about  twenty-five  years  in  the  United 
States  Sub-Treasury  at  New  York,  the  latter  six  years  of  that  period  being  the  cashier,  ren- 
dered him  eminently  qualified  for  the  position.  This  appointment  proving  acceptable  not  only  to 
the   manager   but    to    all    the    members    of   the    association. 

The  vear  of  1854  takes  us  into  the  open  field  of  that  period  when  the  office  of  fire  marshal 
was  established.  The  volunteer  department  had  greatly  objected  to  the  introduction  of  steam 
fire  engines  and  therefore  the  first  practical  test  was  not  made  until  January  17,  1859,  at  the 
Duane  Street  fire,  and  it  was  not  until  1861  that  the  first  eleven  engines  were  applied  for  and 
granted.       By    1864,    twenty-seven   engines    were   in    use. 

Max  Maretzek  had  opened  the  Academy  of  Music  in  1855.  That  same  year  the  great 
Rachel  came  to  New  York  and  November  i,  1855,  Thackeray  lectured  at  Dr.  Chapin's  church, 
Broadway,    between    Spring   and    Prince    streets,  on    George  I. 

In    1856,    Central    Park   was    founded    and  the  Battery    Park  was    constituted  an  emigrant  depot. 

A  year  later  came  the  fearful  financial  panic  (1857)  and  in  that  same  year,  the  initial  sign 
of  the  bloodiest  war  of  the  century  was  shown,  when  the  supreme  court  decided  that  neither 
negro  slaves  nor  their  descendants,  whether  freemen  or  slaves,  become  American  citizens.  The 
evils  of  the  hour  did  not  come  slow  or  singly.  The  panic  had  swallowed  up  5,123  business 
houses,  whose  ruin  reached  the  appalling  figures  of  $291,750,000.  The  prophets  scented  the 
approach    of    a    hideous    war. 

On  October  19,  1859,  John  Brown  seized  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and 
on   December    2d,  of   that   year,    he   captured    and    hanged,    while    half   of   his    men    were    shoi. 

The  burr  of  a  chaotic  hell  opened  up,  as  that  great  man,  Abraham  Lincoln,  stepped  into 
the  presidential  office.  It  was  i860.  New  York  had  805,658  inhabitants,  against  only  726,385 
in  1855.  Her  citizens  had  been  seized  with  the  desire  to  settle  the  old  score  that  had  been 
lodged  in  the  minds  of  men  for  so  many  years.  The  year  of  i860  takes  us  to  the  threshold 
of   that   frightful    rebellion    which    shook    the    world. 

The   grand    part    that    New    York    City  played    in    the   great    struggle    that    was    engendered    to 


HISTORY  AND  COJIMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


45 


Fifth  Aventte,  Looking  North  from  Forty-sixth  Street.  / 

Wipe  the   blot  of    slavery   fro.    the    face    of    the    nation,    is   that  ^^^^^/^^^f  ^^  ^l' ^iJw'^'Vc:!; 
are    fantiliar        Out    of    the    war   debt    of    $6,844.5? i.43i-°3.    ih'^    city    paid    he      share    otJNew    yo 

;::,er;'.;;,oo,«3.  »., ,,...  wo™„  ,„„.a  ,„.,,..  ;,^„ri»'rjr„v;:.  >v:L.:':r >.;„: 

vear.    1»    .'..The     itme   ol    bC.d.ge    ,o    fe.,.,  b.ne..l,    the    s,,.,    of    ,h.    ,„..e,ee,..l,    ce.„,.,y   c.v.l.za- 
Jion,     'rdeld,    hi,    hideo,.,    l...d%„..h«l    be..e„h    ,he    i.e..    ,.eel    of    <,..,.„,■.       F.eecl...',    vo.ce 


46  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

grew  loud.  A  new  era  opened  up  and  the  heroes  that  had  fought  and  bled,  sought  their  quiet 
homes  once  more  and  dropped  back  into  tiieir  places  in  the  professions,  business  circles  and 
the  trades.  The  bright  sun  of  1865  was  for  the  time  eclipsed  by  the  cloud  of  smoke  that 
arose,  as  the  report  of  the  assassin's  pistol  rang  out  and  cut  the  life-thread  of  President  Lincoln. 
Then,  when  the  people  had  paid  homage  to  the  memory  of  this  great  man,  the  affairs  of  time 
jogged   on    again. 

The  most  important  local  event  in  New  York's  governmental  work  that  occurred  in  1865, 
was  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  when  the  paid  fire  department  was  established.  The  organiza- 
tion dates  May  2d,  when  Charles  C.  Pinckney,  James  W.  Booth,  Philip  VV.  FJigs  and  Martin  B. 
Brown  were  appointed  fire  commissioners,  thus  setting  aside  forever  the  old  volunteer  department 
that  had  been  in  operation  practically,  since  1648,  when  Petrus  Stuyvesant  first  took  the  reins 
as  commander-in-ciiief  of  the  village  of  New  Amsterdam.  By  the  law  under  which  the  depart- 
ment was  established  the  names  of  3810  volunteers  were  blotted  from  the  roll  and  the  men 
under    the   new    regime    began    to    fight    the    flames   for    pay. 

The  year  of  1865  will  be  memorable,  too,  for  other  events,  among  these  being  the  burning 
of  Barnum's  Museum,  July  12th,  where  the  Herald  building  now  stands;  and  also  for  the 
erection  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  at  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street ;  this  being 
the  monument    to  the    growth  of   the    first    art  institution    in    this  city  which  was  established   in   1802. 

One  of  the  most  gigantic  enterprises  of  the  century,  and  credited  strictly  to  New  York,  as 
the  outcome  of  the  genius  of  one  of  her  sons,  belongs  to  the  year  of  1866.  As  long  ago  as 
1854,  Cyrus  W.  Field  had  dreamed  of  a  future  electrical  tie  between  the  Old  World  and  the 
New. 

THE    ATLANTIC  CABLE 

was  the  result  of  plans,  aye,  even  dreams,  men  of  doubts  called  them.  The  wonderful  results 
that  followed  but  go  to  illustrate  the  mighty  possibilities  that  may  arise  from  the  patient  and 
persistent  efforts  of  men  of  genius.  Mr.  Field  set  to  work  and  interested  the  men  of  the 
times  in  his  scheme.  These  included  those  great  characters,  some  of  whom  have  passed  away : 
David  Dudley  Field,  Moses  Taylor,  Peter  Cooper,  Chandler  White  and  Marshall  C.  Roberts. 
It  was  1858  before  the  first  message  was  flashed  under  the  water,  when  August  16  Queen  Victoria 
sent  a  message  of  congratulation  to  President  James  Buchanan  and  the  American  people.  This 
uiider-ocean  intercourse  was  destined  to  be  of  siiort  duration,  however,  for  the  cable  broke,  and 
the  mighty    project    was    voted   a   failure    by    the    doubting    Tiiomases.         On    the    23d   of  July,   1865, 

THE  GREAT    EASTERN 

was     sent     forth    with     1,200    miles    of    cable,     and    when      in    the    midst  of    the     sea,     the    wire 

parted    again.         The    some    old    ship    set     sail    once    more    on    July    13,  1866,    and     picking    up 

the  slack,  welded  the  broken  terminals,  and  from  that  time  until  the  present,  the  Old  World 
and    the    New    have    been    united    by    the    electric    current. 

ADELAIDE  RISTORI, 
Italy's   magnificent    tragic    queen,    visited    America    in    1866. 

EVENTS  DURING  THE  PAST  TWENTY-FIVE  YEARS. 

Let  us  now  name,  in  brief,  the  important  events  that  followed  down  to  i8go;  after 
which,    we    will    summarize    each    enterprise    as    becomes    its    importance,    as    it    now    exists. 

The  station  of  the  Hudson  River  Railway  was  located  at  Tenth  Avenue  and  Thirtieth  Street 
in   1866.         There  were  no  tram-cars  on  4th    Avenue  above  Thirty-second  Street.  The    Greenwich 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


47 


Street  elevated  railway  was  begun  July  2d,  1867.  That  same  year,  ihe  world's  greatest 
novelist,  Charles  Dickens,  paid  his  second  visit  to  New  York,  December  9 ;  and  in  this  year 
came  also,  Fanny  Kemble,  Janauschek,  Ristori  and  Mazzolein.  January  9,  Mme.  La 
Giiinge    and    Signor    Biignoli    opened    the    Grand    Opera     House. 


-^ 


Hotel  Bkusswick    Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-Sixth  Street. 


Edwin  Booth  built  his  great  theater  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-third  Street  and  Sixth 
Avenue  in  1869.  That  year  the  post-office  and  Commodore  Vanderbilt's  Forty-second  Street 
Street  railway  station  were  started.  Work  on  the  Brooklyn  Bridge,  and  the  Masonic  Tem- 
ple   at   Twenty-third    Street    and    Si.xth    Avenue    was    commenced     in     1870. 

Two  years  later,  June  i,  1872,  James  Gordon  Bennett,  the  founder  of  the  "  Herald " 
died,  followed  November  29,  1872,  by  Horace  Greeley.  The  city's  population  was  now 
something    like    950,000    persons. 


48 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  TWEED    RING 
started     in     April     5,      1870,     to     gain     control     of     the     city     government     and     now     continued 
that    system    of    high-handed    robbery    which,    after    a     steal     of     six     million     dollars,     ended    by 
Tweed's    death    in    Ludlow    Street    Jail,    April   12,     1878. 

In     1875,    the     New    York    Central     Railway    Company    began     to     open    its    tunnel      through 
the    streets    of    New    York    at    an    outlay    of    six    millions    of     dollars. 

On    September    24,     1876,    by    the    aid    of    twenty-six    tons    of   powder 


HELL-GATE 


'^J^ 


was    e.xplodtid. 

On  June  12,.  1878,  the  editor 
Cullen      Bryant,     died      at     the      age 

Alexander  T.  Stewart's  grave  was 
1878,     two     years      after      his      death, 

The  Sixth  Avenue  Elevated  Rail- 
Third  Avenue  Line,  September  16, 
March  i,  1880,  due,  in  a  vast 
of   the    well-known    Cyrus  W.    Field. 

PRESIDENT 

opened  the  great  Brooklyn  Bridge 
been  completed  at  a  cost  of  thirteen 
ble  event  was  in  1884-5-6,  when  the 
at  a  gigantic  cost,  not  alone  in  money, 
to  the    disgraceful    proceedings    of    the 

BOODLE 

of    1884. 

A  noticeable  feature  of  1886,  was 
of  Liberty  on    Bedloe's    Island. 

THE  MIGHTY 

The  time  tablets  of  28 1  years 
plete  a  manner  as  space  will  per- 
with  each  individual  industry  and 
everyone  a  separate  monument  to 
Metropolis ;  not 
service  rendered 
mighty     and    de- 

New  York 
the  most  wonder- 
wonderful  west- 
thoroughly  cos- 
character;  almost 
is  represented  in 
almost  every 
It     is    in      itself 

It     is    the    great      monetary,    scientific,       artistic 
While     it     contains     a     vast    amount    that    is    evil. 


Statue  of  Liberty 


of      the      "  Evening     Post,"      William 

of    eighty-four     years. 

desecrated     at    Garden     Cit}',    May   6, 

April    10,    1876. 

way    was   opened    June     5,    1878  ;    the 

1878 ;     and    the    Second    Avenue    line, 

measure    to     the   never   failing   energy 


ARTHUR 

in  May,  1883,  the  structure  having 
millions  of  dollars.  Another  noticea- 
Broadway  tram-car  line  was  completed, 
but   in     the    city's    self-respect,    owing 


ALDERMANIC  BOARD 

the     unveiling     of    Bartholdi's     Statue 


PRESENT. 

ha\ing  thus  been  scanned  in  as  com- 
mit,   it    now   befalls   us    to    proceed 
institution,     as      it      stands      to-day, 
the   grandeur  of  the  great   Western 
forgetting  the  vast 
by     New      York's 
serving    men. 
City      is      one     of 
ful  products  of  our 
e  r  n      civilization, 
mopolitan     in     its 
every      nationality 
its  boundaries  and 
tongue  is    spoken, 
an    epitome. 

and      intellectual     center    of     the     western     world, 
it    is    also    a    stamping   ground    of     much    tiiat    is 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


49 


Broadway,  Showing  the  Equitable  Building. 


50  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

good.  Hundreds  of  charitable  enterprises  are  originated  and  fostered  within  its  limits,  and 
while  its  records  of  crime  are  undoubtedly  a  long  one,  the  balance  of  the  argument  is  in 
favor  of  the  good  which  sheds  its  light  through  even  the  darkest  hovels  and  into  the  most 
remote    corners    of    poverty. 

This  city,  the  greater  portion  of  which  lies  on  "  Manhattan  Island,"  lurks  in  the  mouth 
of  the  Hudson  River  at  a  distance  of  six  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  complete 
length  of  this  constantly  growing  giant  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  is  something  like  eighteen 
miles  from  the  Battery  to  the  northern  limits,  while  the  breadth  of  this  son  of  American 
enterprise  averages  one  and  three-fifth  miles.  There  are  twenty-seven  thousand  acres  of 
Manhattan  Island  and  twelve  thousand  on  the  main  land ;  the  remainder  of  land  surface 
including  the  East  River  and  the  Bay  Islands,  which  are  known  as  Governor's,  Bedloe's, 
Randall's,  Blackwell's,  Ellis's  and  Ward's,  and  while  the  entire  east  and  west  sides  and  the 
southern  point  of  this  great  city  are  laved  by  the  salt  waters  of  the  rivers  and  bay ;  along 
her  northern  extremities  huddle  and  slumber  a  vast  number  of  pretty  villages  of  which  Yon- 
kers     is     the    most     important.  Spuyten     Duyvel     Creek     and     Harlem      River    unite    to     form 

the    northern   boundary  of   the    island. 

The  most  ancient  portion  of  New  York  has  unfortunately  within  the  past  few  years  lost 
all  of  its  old  time  character.  The  entire  five  miles,  from  the  Battery  to  Central  Park,  from 
the  East  River  to  the  North,  now  presents  a  net-work  of  palatial  splendor.  One  has  to  look 
back  but  forty-five  years  to  see  in  his  mind's  eye  a  vast  sweep  of  green  fields  and  open  lots 
in  nearly  that  entire  portion  of  the  city  lying  between  Fortieth  and  Fifty-ninth  Streets.  It 
is  due  to  the  elevated  railway  system  which  girts  the  city  upon  both  sides  and  threads  its  way 
through  the  center  of  the  town,  that  a  population  of  three  hundred  thousand  persons  has  been 
added  to  Harlem  alone,  which  in  1845,  was  a  small  village ;  to  say  nothing  of  the  teeming 
thousands  who  have  been  added  to  the  east  and  west  sides  of  Central  Park  :  thus  lifting  the 
population  of  not  quite  a  million  people  in  1879,  to  the  city's  present  count  of  nearly  one  million 
seven    hundred    thousand    persons. 

It  was  but  a  half  a  century  ago  that  the  open  square  now  known  as  City  Hall  Park  was 
the  principal  ground  of  recreation,  and  around  which  the  fashion  of  the  period  centered.  To 
take   the    place    of    this    old    time    spot 

CENTRAL  PARK 

now  offers  opportunities  equal  to  if  not  greater  than  any  other  park  in  the  world.  Easily 
accessible  by  the  Third  and  Sixth  Avenue  Elevated  Railways  and  by  the  Third,  Fourth,  Broadway, 
Sixth,  Seventh  and  Eighth  Avenue  tram-car  lines,  this  pleasure  ground  is  a  boon  to  the  thousand 
upon  thousands  of  pleasure  seekers  who  gladly  grasp  the  opportunity  during  the  warm  months 
to  escape  the  city's  fetid  atmosphere  and  hail  the  cooling  breath  as  it  sweeps  over  the  green- 
sward and  sings  through  the  tree-top.  The  complete  length  of  Central  Park  from  Fifty-ninth 
Street  to  One-hundred  Tenth  Street  is  two  and  one  half  miles,  while  from  Fifth  to  Eight 
Avenue  the  distance  is  one-half  mile.  There  are  nine  and  one-half  miles  of  Park  roads; 
five  and  one-half  miles  of  bridle  paths,  while  the  park  walks  make  a  total  length  of  twenty- 
eight  and  one-fourth  miles.  The  park  contains  eight  hundred  and  seventy-nine  acres  of  which 
the  new  reservoir  covers  one  hundred  and  seven  acres,  the  old  reservoir  thirty-five  acres,  the 
pond  at  Fifty-ninth  Street  and  Seventh  Avenue  contains  five  acres ;  there  are  twenty  acres  of 
the  Lake;  two  and  one  half  acres  of  conservatory  water,  two  acres  of  the  Pool,  twelve  acres  of 
the    Harlem   Moor,    and    one    acre    of  the   Loch. 

THE  CHIEF   POINTS  OF    INTEREST 

include  first,  the  menagerie  at  the  Arsenal,  where  the  lions,  tigers,  monkeys,  birds,  etc.,  are 
kept   on    exhibition.        One    of    the    highest    points    in     the    Park    from    which    a    fine   view   of    the 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


51 


Wall  Street  from  Nassau,  Showing  Old  Trinitt  CnrRCH 


52  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Park  may  be  obtained  is  tlie  tower  known  as  tlie  Belvedere.  From  this  may  be  seen  tlie 
Mall  with  its  broad  walk  lined  with  trees,  ending  at  the  Terrace,  the  latter  leading  down  to 
the  Esplanade  and  Fountain  at  the  shore  of  the  Lake.  From  the  Tower  is  also  seen  a  por- 
tion of  the  Ramble,  a  bit  of  woodland  and  grass  sward,  full  of  winding  paths  and  quaint 
nooks,  including  a  cool  and  picturesque  cave.  One  of  the  greatest  curiosities  to  be  found  in 
Central    Park    is 

THE  OBELISK, 

which  stands  upon  a  knoll  near  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art.  It  was  presented  to  the 
city  of  New  York  by  the  Khedive  of  Egypt.  Lieutenant-Commander  Gorringe,  U.  S.  N.,  after 
three  years  struggle,  obtained  possession  of  the  Obelisk  and  moved  it  to  its  present  site  at 
an  expense  of  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was  borne  by  VVm.  H.  Vanderbilt. 
It  was  finally  swung  into  position  January  2,  1881.  The  height  of  the  Obehsk  from  base 
to  tip  is  sixty-nine  feet  and  two  inches.  The  measurement  of  the  base  square  through  it 
axis,  is  seven  feet,  eight  and  three-quarters  inches.  This  monolith  weighs  two  hundred  and 
one-fourth  tons.  It  was  made  at  the  command  of  the  Egyptian  King,  Tliutmes  III.,  fifteen 
centuries  before  Christ,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  great  objects  of  the  Park  curiosities.  It 
is    a   fact    not    generally    remembered    that 

THE  GREAT  STONE  WALL 

that  runs  almost  entirely  around  Central  Park  and  was  contracted  for  to  be  built  at  a  cost  of 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  caused  the  builders  endless  ruin.  It  was  in  the  Tweed 
times  and  the  contractor  agreed  to  use  certain  grades  of  mortar,  etc.,  and  have  the  wall  com- 
pleted within  a  set  period.  He  fell  short  of  both  promises  and  thereby  violating  his  pledge 
he  failed  to  receive  the  price  stipulated  and  the  combination  of  bad  luck  plunged  him  into 
lasting    bankruptcy. 

One    of    the    great    attractions    in    the    Park    is    the 

MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY, 

at  Eighty-seventh  Street.  This  rare  place  of  interest  was  first  founded  in  the  Arsenal  in  1869. 
The  present  building,  especially  erected  for  it,  is  of  large  size,  and  one  of  a  series  that  can 
be  erected  as  required.  The  collection  of  natural,  historical  and  geological  specimens  is  very 
extensive. 

THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

is  also  located  in  the  Park,  on  the  Fifth  Avenue  side,  near  ?^igluy-third  Street.  The  building 
is  21S  feet  in  length  by  95  feet  wide  and  built  of  brick  with  sandstone  trimmings  and  in 
i8go  was  enlarged  beyond  its  original  dimensions.  This  museum  contains  the  Cesnola 
collection  of  antiquities  from  Cyprus  and  the  Blodgett  collection  of  pictures.  A  great  number 
of   the    pictures   are   of   vast    value. 

THE  PROMINENT  STATUES 

embrace  those  of  Shakespeare,  Morse,  Scott,  Webster,  Burns,  Schiller,  Halleck,  Humboldt  and 
Hamilton. 

The  other  parks  of  prominence  are  Madison  Square,  Union  and  Washington  Squares — llie 
latter  formerly  a  Potter's  Field,  while  not  fifty  years  ago,  a  creek  cut  through  it  and  ran  ofi^ 
to  the  Hudson  River.  There  are  Stuyvesant  Square,  Tompkins  Square,  Mount  Morris  and 
Riverside  Parks  and  a  dozen  other  green,  shady  places — all  lungs  of  the  city,  where  the  poor 
may    gather    and    inhale    the    fresh    breezes. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


53 


LIBRARIES. 

This  city  can  boast  of  some  of  the  finest  libraries  in  America,  tiie  leading  one  of  course 
being  the  Astor  Library,  in  Lafayette  Place.  This  grand  book  treasury  was  founded  by  the 
authority  of  the  will  of  John  Jacob  Astor,  through  the  aid  of  $400,000  that  he  set  aside 
for  the  purpose.  The  building  is  a  tremendous  brownstone  and  brick  edifice,  100  x  200  feet 
in  area  and  contains  nearly  300,000  volumes  of  books  that  are  free  to  the  public.  William  B. 
Astor  endowed  the  institution  with  $550,000  in  addition  to  the  first  gift.  The  wonderful  value 
of   this    massive    pile    of    books    and    art    treasures    to    professional    men,    students,    journalists    and 


A  View  in  Central  Park,  Showing  Dakota  Flats. 


teachers  is  simply  beyond  description.  The  building  is  kept  open  the  whole  year,  with  the 
exception  of  about  ten  weeks,  from  the  middle  of  July  until  the  latter  part  of  September,  and 
its    patrons    count    up    into    the    hundreds    of   thousands. 

Another  great  library  is  known  as  the  Mercantile  Library  in  Astor  Place,  founded  in  1S20. 
During  1890,  the  old  edifice  was  torn  down  and  in  its  place,  a  magnificent  building  has  been 
erected.  The  society  is  composed  of  more  than  7,000  subscription  members.  There  are 
nearlv    250,00   volumes    in    the    library. 


54  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

The  Lenox  Library  in  Fifth  Avenue,  between  Seventieth  and  Seventy-first  Streets  is  another 
grand  institution,  founded  by  James  Lenox  and  opened  in  1877.  The  property,  with  its  buildings, 
192    X   114   feet,  and    its   thousands  of   volumes   of   priceless    books,    is    valued    at    $2,000,000. 

The  Apprentices'  Library  in  Sixteenth  Street,  with  its  70,000  volumes,  is  another  monument 
to  New  York  educational  enterprise.  This  institution  was  commenced  in  1820,  by  the  General 
Society   of   Mechanics    and    Tradesmen,  for   the   use    of    mechanics   and    apprentices. 

The  Bar  Association  has  also  a  fine  library  at  No.  7  W.  Twenty-ninth  Street ;  then  there 
is  the  Municipal  Library  at  the  City  Hall ;  the  American  Institute  Library  at  Cooper  Institute ; 
the  Harlem  Library  in  upper  Third  Avenue  ;  the  Historical  Society's  Library,  Second  Avenue 
and  Eleventh  Street;  the  Law  Institute  in  the  Post  Office  building;  the  Molt  Memorial,  at  No. 
64  Madison  Avenue  ;  the  Printers',  in  Chambers  Street ;  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
Library,  Twenty-third  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue ;  and  a  number  of  free  circulating  libraries  at 
No.    36    Bond     Street,    West    Forty-second    Street,    and    numerous    other   points    in    New    York. 

THE    POWER   OF   THE  PRESS 

and  its  history  is  perhaps  next  in  consequence,  after  the  parks  and  libraries.  This,  from  the 
fact  that  the  history  of  New  York  Journalism  from  1800  to  the  present  day,  may  be  said  to  embrace 
the  essential  history  of  the  city.  No  metropolis,  aside  from  London,  has  such  mighty  engines  of 
power    as   the   press   of    New   York. 

Standing   in     the     foremost     line    of   journalistic    enterprise,    are    half    a   dozen     newspapers. 

JAMES    GORDON    BENNETT, 

the  founder  of  the  "  New  York  Herald "  was  born  at  New  Mill,  Keith,  in  Bauffshire,  Scotland, 
in  1800.  His  parents,  who  were  Roman  Catholics,  had  intended  him  for  the  church,  but  after 
three  years  study  in  an  Aberdeen  Seminary,  young  Bennett  abandoned  the  idea  of  the  ministry 
and  sailed  for  America  on  April  6,  18 19,  landing  at  Halifax.  He  finally  opened  a  school  at 
Portland,  and  in  a  few  months  moved  to  Boston,  where,  at  first  penniless,  he  roamed  about 
friendless  until  opportunity  offered  itself  as  proof-reader  with  Wells  &  Lilly.  Here  he  displayed 
his  ability  as  a  writer  of  prose  and  poetry.  In  1822,  Mr.  Bennett  came  to  New  York,  where 
in    1825    he  began 

LIFE   AS    A   JOURNALIST, 

by  the  purchase  of  a  Sunday  newspaper  known  as  the  New  York  Courier.  This  sheet  was  not 
a  success,  and  Mr.  Bennett  wrote  for  other  journals,  becoming  the  associate  editor  of  the  "  Na- 
tional Advocate,"  a  democratic  paper,  in  1826.  He  next  became  the  associate  editor  of  the 
"  Inquirer,"  under  M.  M.  Noah.  He  was  also  a  member  of  Tammany  Society.  He  continued 
in  his  position  until  after  the  union  of  the  "Courier"  and  "Inquirer,"  and  in  1832,  when 
General  Jackson  made  war  on  the  United  States  Bank,  Mr.  Bennett  sustained  him;  but  it  was 
the  policy  of  Mr.  Webb,  its  editor,  to  support  the  bank,  and  this  caused  Mr.  Bennett's  retirement. 
It   was   in    1835    that    the    sun    of   his  career    began    to    arise, 

THE   NEW   YORK    HERALD, 

on  May  6,  of  that  year,  having  first  seen  the  light  in  a  little  basement  at  No.  20  Wall  Street. 
This  was  a  small,  penny  sheet,  of  which  Mr.  Bennett  was  the  editor.  He  at  once  set  out  in  a 
course  that  told  to  the  world  that  his  paper  would  espouse  the  right  in  all  things  and  maintain 
the  dignity  of  justice.  He  worked  hard,  early  and  late,  as  his  own  compositor,  errand  boy,  col- 
lector and  accountant.  As  the  time  ran  on,  it  was  an  up-hill  fight.  But  Mr.  Bennett  proved 
himself  the  master  of  every  occasion.  The  chance  came  to  erect  the  present  fine  building  which 
the  "  Herald "  now  occupies,  the  site  being  that  upon  which  the  famous  old  Barnum  Museum 
stood   before  the  flames   licked    it   up   in    1865. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


55 


Mr.  Bennett's  death  in  after  years,  threw  the  entire  control  of  the  "  Herald "  into  the 
hands  of  his  son,  James  Gordon  Bennett,  the  present  proprietor,  who  is  one  of  tiie  most 
eminent    editors    in    the    world    to-day,    his    great     newspaper    being    a    power    upon     the    European 


Wasbixgtos  Stati'e,  Uniox  SlJl'ABE. 


and  American  continents  ;  one  of 
the  greatest  strokes  in  modern 
journalism  being  Mr.  Bennett's 
recent  establishment  of  European 
daily  editions  of  the  "  Herald  " 
in  London  and  Paris. 

THE  HON.  HORACE  GREELEY, 

of  whom  that  great,  impressive 
bronze  statue  rests  in  front  of  the 
"  Tribune  "  building,  established  one 
of  the  other  of  the  grand  Ameri- 
can newspapers.  Since  Mr.  Greeley's 
death,  the  paper  has  been  edited 
and  powerfully  conducted  by  the 
Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid,  the  American 
Minister  to  Paris  under  President 
Harrison's   tenure. 


WASHDiGTON   STATUE,   TBEASlTtV   BUILDINQ. 


THE  NEW  YORK  TIMES, 

which  is  now  owned  and  edited  by  George  W.  Jones,  was  started  by  Henry  J.  Raymond,  who 
for  years  after,  was  its  editor-in-chief.  This  is  one  of  the  high-class,  powerful  papers  of  Amer- 
ica. 


56  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  NEW  YORK  WORLD, 

with  its  grand,  towering  journalistic  palace,  is  now  looked  upon  as  one  of  the  greatest  enterprises 
in  modern  journalism.  Originally  the  leading  democratic  organ  of  the  city,  it  was  started  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  McClintock,  then  pastor  of  St.  Paul's  M.  E.  Church,  when  wealthy  churchmen 
like  Daniel  Drew,  Cornell  and  Stout,  were  stockholders.  Dr.  McClintock  was  succeeded  by 
Manton  M.  Marble  as  editor-in-chief,  with  the  late  D.  G.  Croly  (husband  of  Mrs.  Jennie  June- 
Croly)  as  managing  editor.  The  great  "World"  was  revolutionized  in  1883,  when  Joseph  Pul- 
itzer took  hold  of  it  with  a  daily  circulation  of  33,541  copies.  The  circulation  of  this  paper 
to-day  is  said  to  be  over  335,000  copies,  or  a  total  of  more  than  one  hundred  twenty-five  mil- 
lions  of    copies    per   year. 

THE  NEW  YORK  SUN, 

of  which  Mr.  Charles  A.  Dana  is  the  editor,  is  one  of  the  journalistic  monuments  of  this  city. 
Mr.  Dana  spends  much  of  his  time  abroad,  daring  which  time  the  active  management  of  the 
paper  falls    upon    his    able    son,    Paul    Dana. 

THE  EVENING  POST 

is  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  high-class  newspapers  of  this  city,  this  journal  being  a  child  of 
that   genial,    grand   poet,    the    late    William    Cullen    Bryant. 

THE  MAIL  AND  EXPRESS 

is  Col.  Elliott  F.  Shepard's  paper,  and  one  of  the  cleanest,  most  conservative  newspapers  pub- 
lished. 

THE  PRESS 

claims  distinction  as  being  one  of  the  very  stanch  republican  organs,  one  of  its  strongest 
writers    being   the   well-known,    honorable   journalist,   Joseph    Howard,    Jr. 

THE  STAATZ  ZEITUNG 
is     the     king     of     the    German    papers    of    America. 

THE  MORNING  JOURNAL 

is  the  great  penny  paper  of  this  country,  and  after  several  changes,  is  now  the  property  of 
Albert    Pulitzer,    a    brotlier    of    the    owner    of    "The    World." 

The  other  newspapers  embrace  the  "Commercial  Advertiser,"  the  "Telegram,"  which  is 
owned  by  Mr.  Bennett  of  the  "Herald,"  the  "Evening  Sun,"  the  "Daily  News,"  "Evening 
World "     and     the     "  Daily     Advertiser." 

Among  the  great  weekly  journals  are  Harper's  and  Frank  Leslie's,  the  latter  owned  by 
Mr.  Arkell  and  Russell  B.  Harrison,  who  is  the  proprietor  of  "Judge."  The  other  great  comic 
papers    are    "  Puck",    "  Life  "    and    "  Fun." 

THE  RELIGIOUS  PRESS 

includes  such  papers  as  the  "New  York  Independent,"  the  first  number  of  w-hich  was  published 
December    i,    1848,    and    various  other    notable    religious   papers,     including   the    "Advocate." 

ROBERT  BONNER 

is  the  founder  of  America's  greatest  story  paper,  the  "  New  York  Ledger."  Born  in  the  north 
of  Ireland,  not  far  from  Londonderry,  near  the  spot  from  which  A.  T.  Stewart  emigrated,  Mr_ 
Bonner    arrived      in    New    York    in    1844,    from    Hartford,    Connecticut,  where    he    had    learned    the 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


57 


printers'  trade  with  the  "Courant."  He  first  entered  as  an  employe  of  the  "American  Repub- 
lican," then  went  with  the  "  Evening  Mirror,"  of  which  Morris,  Willis  and  Fuller  were  the  con- 
ductors, and  soon  gained  control  of  a  small  paper  known  as  the  "  Merchant's  Ledger."  He 
began  to  advertise  his  paper,  and  shortened  the  name  to  the  "Ledger,"  Fanny  Fern  and  Mrs. 
Southworth  being  two  of  his  first  contributors.  James  Gordon  Bennett,  Horace  Greeley  and 
Henry  J.  Raymond  soon  were  added,  together  with  Bryant,  Morris,  Saxe,  the  poet,  Paul  Mor- 
phy,  Halleck,  Bancroft,  Cozzens,  Willis,  Prentice,  Parton  and  other  famous  lights  that  have  since 
gone  out.  Henry  Ward  Beecher  was  also  a  powerful  writer  for  the  "Ledger."  As  a  conse- 
quence, this  is  considered  the  leading  fiction  journal  of  the  country,  its  old  policy  always  having 
been    maintained   even    to     the    present,    since    the  paper   has   become   the    property  of    Robert    Bon- 


Broadwat  from  Ninth  Street,  Showing  Grace  Chi'rch. 


,a^ 


58 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


ner's  sons.  Mr.  Robert  Bonner  has  been  styled  the  king  of  the  turf,  his  steeds  comprising 
some  of  the  best  horses  in  the  world.  "  Pocahontas "  was  one,  "  Dexter "  another,  with  his 
2:17  1-2    record.       "Maud    S."    is    still    another. 

THE  HOME  JOURNAL, 

founded  by  N.  P.  Willis,  the  poet,  is  the  leading  society  journal  of  this  city,  and  now  the  prop- 
erty   of   Morris    Phillips. 

The  Jewish  press  is  most  powerfully  represented  in  this  city  by  the  "  Messenger."  There  are 
scores  of  notable  magazines,  among  them  being  "Harper's,"  "Frank  Leslie's,"  Scribner's,"  "The 
Century,"  "  The  Metropolitan,"  "  Belford's,"  etc.,  while  the  dramatic  and  musical  world  are  sup- 
plied  with    the    "Mirror,"    the    "Dramatic   News"    and   John    C.    Freund's    "American    Musician." 


THE  NEW  YORK  HOTELS 

ne.xt    claim    attention    as    being     among     the     most    important    of     the    city's    public     institutions,    inas- 
much  as    they    determine    the    pulse    of   public    activity.       It  goes  without  saying    that    the    New  York 
hotel     system    is    the    finest    in     the    world,    while     her    hostleries 
have     no    equal,    either     for    architectural    splendor     or     appoint- 
ments,   in    the    universe. 

THE   ASTOR    HOUSE 

is  the  oldest  first-class  hotel  in  New  York  to-day,  the  house 
standing  upon  the  ^spot  where  John  Jacob  Astor,  its  founder, 
lived  during  the  greater  part  of  his  active  business  life.  In 
the  year  of  1824,  Mr.  Astor  surrendered  this  house  to  William 
B.  Astor,  his  son.  Mr.  Astor's  desire  to  build  a  hotel  here 
was  kept  a  secret,  until  he  had  bought  up  every  lot  upon 
the  block,  e.xcepting  a  lot  owned  by  John  G.  Costar,  who 
refused  to  sell  until  Mr.  Astor  had  agreed  to  submit  the 
matter  to  arbitration.  Each  selected  a  friend,  and  they  chose 
a  third,  with  the  understanding  that  Mr.  Astor  was  to  pay 
$20,000  more  than  the  valuation  named  by  the  three  men. 
The  matter  was  effected  and  on  June  i,  1836,  the  Astor  House 
was  thrown  open  to  the  public.  It  was  then  considered  as 
the  wonder  of  the  continent  as  far  as  hotels  went.  Besides, 
it  was  located  at  what  was  then  the  extreme  northern  limits 
of  the  business  center  of  the  city,  and  everybody  argued  that 
it  was  too  far  away  to  succeed.  If  some  of  those  innocent, 
doubting  Thomases  could  but  creep  back  and  take  a  peep  at 
New  York's  eighteen  miles  of  city  and  her  nearly  two  millions 
of  inhabitants,  who  can  fancy  w'hat  their  sensation  would 
be?        True,     at    that     period.     Trinity    Church    was     the    center 

of  the  town's  activity,  and  courting  swains  and  lasses  considered  themselves  in  the  wilderness,  when 
they  got  as  far  out  as  the  City  Hall  Park.  The  American  Hotel  where  Lafayette  was  entertained, 
and  the  Washington,  which  is  now  occupied  by  the  A.  T.  Stewart  down-town  store,  were  the  only 
two  hotels  north  of  the  Astor  House.  No  person  ever  dreamed  that  the  city  would  reach  out  her 
great  arms  and  shove  her  head  above  the  city  hall  :  hence  the  front,  upon  which  the  populace  was 
supposed  to  ever  look,  was  made  of  marble,  while  the  rear,  which,  those  wise  old  knickerbock- 
ers   said  would  never  be   seen,    was   built    of    freestone. 


Central  Pahk— The  Pilgrim. 


HISTORY  AND  COMilERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


59 


Broadway,  Shobtnc!  Astor  Hoi'se  akd  Post  Office. 


The  United  States  Hotel,  at  the  corner  of  Fnlion  and  Water  Streets  was  built  before  the  Astor, 
but  its  prominence  has  been  sustained,  from  the  very  fact  that  it  never  was  a  head  center,  owing  to 
its    locality. 

THE  FIFTH  AVENUE  HOTEL 

is  one  of  most  notable  inns  of  the  city,  from  the  fact  that  it  is  the  headquarters  of  the 
leading    statesmen    of    America,  as 

THE  WINDSOR 

is  the  destiny  of  all  of  the  distinguished  foreign  visitors  to  New  York.  The  total  of  New  York's 
hotels  which  may  really  be  called  worthy  of  mention,  is  about  one  hundred  twenty-five.  The 
Hoffman,  the  Brunswick,  the  Park,  the  Sturtevant,  the  Coleman,  the  Albemarle,  the  Everett,  the  Bel- 
vedere, the  St.  James,  the  St.  Denis,  the  New  York,  (a  famous  old  landmark),  the  Grand  Central,  the 
Glenham,  the  Brevoort ,  the  Royal,  the  Vendome,  the  Marlborough,  the  Gilsey,  the  Monopole,  the 
Continental,  the  Union  Square  and  Dam,  the  Morton,  Earle's,  the  Gedney,  Rossmore,  the  St. 
Cloud,  the  Buckingham,  the  Clarendon,  the  Grand,  and  the  Lenox,  are  among  the  best  known 
houses    of   long   standing,  while    the    grandest    hotel    in    the  world    is    the    Imperial,   at    the     corner    of 


60 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Broadway  and  Thirty-second  Streets.  But  the  Plaza,  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  entrance  to  Central 
Park  is  another  wonderful  building;  to  eclipse  which,  William  Waldorf  Astor  is  building  the 
most  mammoth  hotel  in  the  world  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-ninth  Streets; 
while    his    other    house     at   Fifth  Avenue    and   Thirty-third    Street    is   a    near    future    certainty. 


THE  CHURCHES 

of  New  York  are  part  and  parcel  of  the  city's  grandest,  wealthiest,  best,  most  influential  and 
most  magnificent  of  all  of  her  mighty  institutions.  Their  congregations  are  extensive  and  generous  ; 
her  ministers  learned  and  eloquent,  and  her  singers  amongst  the  finest  of  America's  musical 
artists. 


'Times  Building"  Park  Row  a.vd  General  Post- Office. 


There  are  more  than  three  hundred  fifty  churches  in  this  city,  the  oldest  church  society 
being  Trinity,  the  original  building  (the  present  is  the  third)  having  been  erected  in  1697.  In 
point  of  age  of  edifices,  St.  Paul's  is  the  oldest,  the  corner-stone  of  this  building  having  been 
laid  in  1764.  At  the  same  time,  Trinity  Parish  is  the  wealthiest  corporation  in  New  York,  and 
all   America. 

TRINITY  PARISH 

IS   of   early   origin,  the   land   upon    which    Trinity    Church    now    stands  having   been    granted  in    1697. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  61 

111  1705,  it  received  a  grant  of  lands  between  Vesey  and  Christopher  Streets,  which  are  now 
very  valuable  and  return  an  annual  rental  of  more  than  half  a  million  dollars.  This  is  used  to 
good  advantage,  not  alone  in  supporting  the  churches  of  the  parish,  but  St.  John's  Guild  and 
other  charitable  organizations.  Trinity  Church  is  picturesquely  situated  amidst  that  old  and  in- 
teresting cemetery,  on  Broadway,  opposite  to  Wall  Street.  She  has  a  proud  daughter  in  her 
Twenty-si.xth  Street  Church,  near  Broadway ;  and  one  of  the  finest  cemeteries  in  the  city  is  un- 
der her  charge,  bordering  Tenth  Avenue,  near  One  Hundred-si.xtielh  Street.  Trinity,  the  mother 
church,  was  built  in  1697;  destroyed  by  fire  in  1776;  rebuilt  in  1788,  and  replaced  by  the 
present  beautiful  Gothic  structure  in  1S46.  Its  steeple,  which  rises  to  a  height  of  284  feet, 
looks  proudly  down  upon  the  commercial  palaces  in  her  midst  that  are  so  rapidly  encroaching 
upon    her   skirts,  which    cover    the   slumbering    bones    of    so     many    of    the     Revolutionary    heroes. 

ST.  P.\UL'S  CHURCH 

is  one  of  the  grand  sights  of  interest  in  New  York.  It  is  not  alone  the  oldest  edifice,  but 
located   so    closely    to   its     sister,  Trinity,    it    is    one    of    the     relics    of     colonial     times. 

GRACE  CHURCH, 

built  in  1845,  and  the  special  and  beloved  charge  of  Bishop  Potter,  is  one  of  the  worthy  child- 
ren of  old  Trinity.  Nor  must  dear  old  Dr.  Houghton's  "Little  Church  Around  the  Corner"  be 
forgotten.  The  crowning  stroke  of  the  Church  of  England  in  this  country  will  be  the  building 
of  that  grand  Cathedral,  in  the  vicinity  of  Harlem.  The  society  will  build  for  Time,  and  an 
edifice  will  be  erected  that  will  eclipse  any  cathedral  in  the  United  States.  Calvary  Church,  in 
Fourth  Avenue,  is  the  old  worship  house  of  A.  T.  Stewart.  St.  Bartholomew's  Church,  in  Fifth 
Avenue  is  the  swell  Episcopalian  temple  of  the  city.  One  of  the  largest  churches  in  America  is  Cal- 
vary M.  E.  Church,  just  dedicated  It  is  located  at  Seventh  Avenue  and  129th  Street,  and  was 
completed  at  a  cost  of  $200,000.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  for  2,500  persons.  Dr.  Deems' 
Church  of  the  Strangers  in  Mercer  Street  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  points  to  visit.  Then 
there  is  the  high  St.  Ignatius  Church,  in  W.  Fortieth  Street,  a  Church  of  England  congrega- 
tion, with  a  service  almost  as  high  as  that  of  the  Catholic.  The  grand  Fifth  Avenue  Cathe- 
dral is  the  great  American  Catholic  center.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  architecture 
in  the  world.  Among  the  Baptist  churches,  that  of  Dr.  Di.xon  in  E.  Twenty-third  Street  is 
attracting  the  greatest  notice.  The  Jewish  congregations  are  among  the  most  noticeable  in  this 
city,    the    highly  swell    synagogue  being   that   of   the   Temple    Emanuel-El,    at    No.    521    Fifth   Avenue. 

THE  COLLEGES 

of  New  York  are  among  the  foremost  institutions  of  learning  in  the  world.  The  oldest  school  of 
this  sort  is  Columbia  College,  which  was  founded  in  1754-  It  w'as  endowed  with  a  large 
estate  and  is  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  prosperous  educational  institutions  in  the  world. 
All  branches  of  learning  are  taught  hei'e,  notable  among  which-  is  law.  The  college  is  a 
fine  looking  and  commodious  series  of  buildings,  located  between  Forty-ninth  and  Fiftieth  Streets 
and  Madison    and    Fourth    Avenues. 

Another  fine    college   is    the   University    of    New    York,   which    has  in    connection   with  it    a  finely 
conducted    medical    school. 

COOPER  INSTITUTE 

is   one   of    the   greatest  blessings     that     has     fallen     to    the    lot    of    New     Yorker^.       This    massive 

brownstone    building    at  the    junction    of  Third     and    Fourth    Avenues,     was    built   in     1857,    by    the 

late     Peter     Cooper,    at  a    cost     of     $630,000.       He     endowed     it     with    $150,000     and     opened    a 

large   free  reading-room  and   library,   which    have    probably   been    more    liberally   patronized   than  any 

other   institution    of  the  kind    in     the    city.     There    are    also    free    schools     for     instruction    in    the 


62 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


sciences    and   fine    arts.       In    the   basement   is    a    large    hall,    in    which    courses    of  free    lectures    are 
<jiven    on   travels,    science,   philosophy,  etc.     The    library  contains    a   full    set   of   patent    office    reports 


and    over    20,000   volumes    of   useful    literature. 


The  Stock  Exchange,  Broad  Street. 

The  other  colleges  of  New  York  include  the  Academy  of  the  Holy  Cross;  Academy  of  the 
Sacred  Heart;  College  of  the  City  of  New  York;  Eclectic;  General  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church;  the  Hahnemann  Homoeopathic;  Home  of  the  Evangelist;  Manhat- 
tan ;  Women's  Medical  College  (a  noble  institution) ;  New  York  College  of  Dentistry ;  New  York 
Free  Medical  College  for  Women,  (another  grand  school) ;  College  of  Pharmacy  ;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Rutgers'  Female  College;  St.  Francis  Xavier's;  Union  Theological 
Sefminary;     University   of  the    City   of    New  York   and    the  Veterinary    College. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


63 


THE  CITY  CLUBS 

are  among  the  most  necessary  and  great  institutions  of  this  city.  The  wealthiest  of  all  of  these 
clubs  is  tiie  Manhattan,  which  has  recently  moved  into  the  A.  T.  Stewart  palace  at  the  corner  of 
Fifth  Avenue  and  Thiny-fourth  Street.  Next,  in  point  of  swelldom  comes  the  Union  Club,  Fifth 
Avenue  and  Twenty-first  Street;  then  comes  the  great  Union  League,  which  is  the  stamping  ground 
of  the  republican  hosts,  as  the  Manhattan  is  of  the  democratic.  The  other  clubs,  which  are  legion 
and  increasing  every  year,  include  in  their  number  the  Century ;  Lamb's  (actors) ;  Lotos ;  Mer- 
chant's ;  New  York  Press  ;  New  York  ;  Racquet ;  Bullion  ;  Calendonian  ;  Woman's  Press  ;  Sorosis 
(female);  Century;  Down  Town;  Coney  Island  Jockey;  Harmonie;  Jockey;  Knickerbocker; 
Radical ;  La  Armonia  ;  Liederkranz  ;  St.  Nicholas  ;  University  ;  and  Turf. 
No   city    in  the    world    has    so    many 


Bikd's  Eye  View  of  Lower  New  York,  Showing  the  Brooklyn  Bridge. 


GRAND  THEATERS 

as  New  York,  barring,  of  course,  London  and  Paris.  The  number  of  first-class  houses  is  twenty- 
seven — the  variety  houses,  music  halls  and  dime  museums  adding  about  twenty-five  more  to 
this  list  of  places  of  amusement.  The  latest  house  to  be  added  to  the  list  is  Harrigan's 
new  theater  in  W.  Thirty-fifth  Street,  a  grand  and  beautiful  piece  of  architecture.  To  this  house  we 
must  add  the  following :  Metropolitan,  Union  Square  Theater,  Columbus  Theater,  Daly's  Theater, 
Grand  Opera  House,  Herrmann's  Theater,  Harlem  Opera  House,  Casino,  Lyceum  Theater,  Standard 
Theater,    Tony     Pastor's,   New    Park     Theater,    Proctor's   Theater,    Amberg's   Theater,    Niblo's,    Four- 


64 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


teenth  Street  Theater,  Windsor  Theater,  Garden  Theater,  Bijou  Opera  House,  Palmer's  Theater, 
Star  Theater,  Madison  Square  Garden,  Broadway  Theater,  Fifth  Avenue  Theater,  People's  Theater, 
Academy  of  Music.  Other  places  of  amusement  are  the  Eden  Musee,  and  Music  Hall  just  opened, 
presented  to  the  city  by  Andrew  Carnegie.  There  are  a  number  of  Art  Galleries  to  visit, 
among   these   being  the   Fifth    Avenue    and  the    American. 

THE  HOSPITALS 

are  among  those  grand  institutions  that  enlist  the  wide  sympathy  of  the  public  ;  and  to  what 
extent,  may  at  once  be  read  in  the  quick  response  when  any  request  is  made  for  funds  to 
carry  on  the  good  work.  The  busy  hospitals  of  this  city  include  the  Chambers  Street ;  the 
New  York  ;  the  R.oosevelt ;  St.  Luke's ;  the  Hahnemann  ;  the  Jewish  Hospitals ;  St.  Mary's  ; 
the  Woman's  Hospital  and  Bellevue,  in  New  York  ;  besides  the  great  institutions  on  Ward's, 
Randall's  and  Blackwell's  Islands,  in  the  East  River,  including  the  Typhus  Fever  and  Smallpox 
Hospitals;  the  Blind  Asylum;  Charity  Hospital;  The  Female  Lunatic  Asylum;  and  the  Alms- 
house.        One   of   the    most   worthy  institutions    that    an    attempt    is   being  made   to  establish,  is   one 

where  indigent  and  incapacitated  school  teachers 
may  be  cared,  for.  The  grand  and  success- 
ful fair  held  at  the  Lenox  Lyceum,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1890,  which  resulted  in  the  accumulation 
of  a  fund  of  $50,000  was  a  most  admirable 
start.  The  etTort  will,  however,  be  extended 
to  raise  the  amount  to  $100,000  as  there  are 
already  forty  teachers  who  are  dependent  upon 
the  fund,  and  as  not  less  than  $600  per  year 
will  meet  the  demand  in  each  case,  the 
annual  outlay  for  this  cause  is  at  least 
$24,000  every  twelvemonth.  In  addition  to 
the  institutions  named,  there  is  hardly  a 
church  but  has  its  charge  of  one  sort  or 
another.  There  are  also  scores  of  guilds 
to  say  nothing  of  the  free  soup  kitchens  and 
the  newsboys  homes,  free  lodging  houses, 
etc. ;  and  it  is  a  blessed  thing  to  contem- 
plate that  no  matter  who  the  person  is,  he 
or  she  need  not  go  without  food  or  shelter 
in  this  great  city,  as  either,  or  both,  may  be 
had  for  the  mere  asking,  and  if  failing  to 
ask  is  failing  to  receive,  then  it  is  the  fault 
of    the    sufferer. 


THE  CITY  PRISONS 

of  New  York  are  undoubtedly  the  most  ex- 
tensive of  any  in  this  country.  Of  course 
the  great  historical  prison  is  the  Tombs,  in 
Centre  Street — a  dull,  low,  gloomy  Egyptian 
pile,  something  after  the  style  of  the  Bank 
of  England.  Behind  the  massive  walls  of 
Admiral  farragut-Madison  Square,  the  Tombs,  some    of  the  most  noted   American 

criminals  have  lingered.  The  structure  is  built 
of  white  granite  and  was  erected  under  a  resolution  of  the  Common  Council  passed  in  the  year 
'^35-      The  original    appropriation    was    $250,000.      The    end    that    the    Tombs    serves,  are  those  of  a 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  Off  NEW  YORK, 


66 


Broadway,  Showing  the  Hoffman  House  and  Worth  Monuaiisnt. 

jail  and  a  house  of  detention.  The  cells,  which  are  small,  are  lighted  by  an  oblique  cut  in 
the  wall,  which  prevents  the  common  prisoner  from  looking  out.  The  Tombs  is  the  sure  des- 
tination of  New  York  rowdyism,  and  many  a  young  hoodlum  who  attempted  to  run  his  course  in 
the  face  of  the  law  has  wound  up  here,  not  alone  in  a  cell,  but  by  an  ignoniinous  death 
upon  the  gallows,  for  prior  to  the  law  compelling  the  death  penalty  to  be  meted  out  by 
electricity,  all  criminals  sentenced  to  death  in  New  York  were  hanged  here.  Even  as  great 
a  scoundrel  as  Tweed  was  incarcerated  here,  until  removed  to  Ludlow  Street  Jail.  Within 
the  Tombs  is  a  court  room,  wliere  the  preliminary  examination  of  murderers  and  all  other 
criminals  is  heard.  From  this  court  room  many  a  man  and  woman  is  hurled  across  the  river 
to  "  The  Island "  to  "  do  time  "  in  lieu  of  a  fine.  Blackwell's  Island,  where  the  Penitentiary 
and  work  house  are  located,  is  fed  from  the  Tombs,  the  Essex  Market  Court,  Jefferson  Market 
Court   and   the    other  districts    over   which  the    Police    Justices  preside. 


LAYING  ASIDE  POLITICAL  PREJUDICES, 

One    of   the    proudest    institutions   of    New    York,    is    her   grand 


66  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

POLICE  FORCE 

which    is  rightly   characterized    as   "The    Finest."         It    has    truthfully    been    said    that    "no    city    in 
the    world,    has    a    police    force    which      in     efficiency,     discipline     and     character,     equals     that    of 
New    York."         This   great    institution,    however,    was    by    no    means    built    up  without   an    effort    and 
numerous    experiments;    changes    and    years    of   effort    only   served   to    perfect   the    system. 
Prior   to    the    year    of    1844,    a    force    of   men    known    as 

OLD  LEATHER-HEADS 

guarded  the  city  in  the  lami>lighted  districts.  Their  numbers  were  recruited  from  laborers, 
stevedores,  cart  drivers  and  porters,  who  did  not  constitute  a  regularly  organized  force,  but 
undertook  their  labors  out  of  a  sense  of  duty  of  self-protection.  Their  head-gear  consisted  of 
a  leather  hat  after  the  style  of  the  old  firemen's  cap  without  a  front-  piece.  This  was  made 
of   leather — hence    the    names    of    the    wearers,    Leather-heads. 

A  UNIFORM  REFORM 

was  effected  under  Mayor  Westervelt  and  Recorder  Tilton,  and  soon  the  force  appeared  in  regu- 
lation garb.  The  Metropolitan  Police  system  was  soon  effected,  with  Captain  Pilsbury  as  Super- 
intendent of  the  force.  In  i860,  John  Alexander  Kennedy  was  made  Superintendent.  The 
rapid  growth  of  the  force  has  been  most  marvelous.  To-day  "  the  finest "  is  recognized  as  a 
power  in  this  city  and  under  the  wise  officership  of  Superintendent  Murra)',  every  criminal  stands 
in  mortal  terror  of  the  police  baton.  There  are  at  present  about  two  thousand  five  hundred 
well-drilled,  noble  looking  fellows  in  the  ranks ;  and  their  annual  march  up  Broadway,  together 
with  the  efficient  company  of  mounted  police,  is  a  spectacle  grand  and  imposing.  The  force  is 
governed  by  a  Superintendent,  and  a  Board  of  Commissioners  and  inspectors  under  which  come 
the    captains,  sergeants,  roundsmen,  and    patrolmen. 

THE  DETECTIVE  FORCE, 

under  the  firm  hand  of  Inspector  Byrnes,  is  one  of  the  most  perfectly  conducted  institutions  of 
the  world.  This  system  was  introduced  at  the  time  that  the  Metropolitan  Police  Force  was 
organized,  the  number  then  comprising  what  were  known  in  Mr.  Matsell's  day,  as  "shadows." 
The  plan  was  modeled  after  the  London  Detective,  or  Scotland  Yard  system.  In  1857,  the  force 
was  first  increased  to  twenty-five  men,  with  Captain  Young  as  their  Chief.  The  terror  to  criminals 
in  those  days  was  Jacob  Hays,  High  Constable  of  New  York,  commonly  known  as  "Old  Hays," 
and  lucky  was  the  man  who  escaped  his  clutches,  if  suspected  of  any  crime.  The  detective  force  of 
New  York  to-day  is  one  of  the  most  completely  organized  institutions  in  the  world  and  has  no  superior. 
The  headquarters  of  the  chief  is  in  Mulberry  Street,  the  central  quarters  of  the  Metropolitan  Police 
Force.  The  men  and  women  engaged  in  ferreting  out  crime  after  the  "shadow"  fashion  embrace 
some  of  the  cleverest  detectives  in  the  world  and  here  every  man  witii  a  stain  upon  his  name 
is  marked  from  the  moment  he  enters  the  city  and  never  makes  a  move  that  is  not  known  by 
some  one  or  more  of  Inspector  Byrnes'  men.  There  are  criminals  who  are  not  permitted  to  cross 
a  certain  down  town  line  unless  they  gain  the  permission  of  the  detective  chief.  These  are  criminals 
who  are  known  as  "  limit  men,"  as  they  are  kept  within  the  limits,  their  visits  to  the  money  precincts 
of  the  lower  city  being  suspected  of  bearing  a  significance  upon  future  safe-cracking  expeditions. 
A  grand  set  of  fellows  are  known  as 

"BERGH'S  MEN," 

these  being  the  guardians  along  the  streets  and  avenues  who  look  after  the  interests  of  that 
great  institution,  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals.  Many  is  the  brutal 
driver  whom  these  police  have  sent  to  a  well-deserved  cell,  and  the  amount  of  good  they  do 
cannot   be   over   estimated. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


67 


THE  NEW  YORK  FIRE  DEPARTMENT 

next  claims  attention,  standing  as  it  does  among  the  greatest  and  most  necessarj'  of  all  of  the 
institutions  of  tiiis  city.  The  history  of  an  association  to  get  the  better  of  the  fiery  elements 
by  an  organized  force  of  men  dates  back  to  1648,  at  the  time  that  Petrus  Stuyvesant,  "  the 
one-legged  Dutchman,"  as  they  named  him,  was  the  director  of  New  Amsterdam.  These  men 
possessed  merely  a  few  buckets  and  hooks  and  fought  the  flames  as  best  they  might  when  oc- 
casion demanded.  However,  in  1731.  a  real  fire  engine  iiouse  was  improvised  and  the  dignity 
of  the  fire  force 
importation  of  two 
London.  They  were 
which  prevailed  un- 
five  years  ago. 
1731,  until  1850, 
gress  made  in  the 
fires.  The  first  de- 
insurance  compan- 
they  were  entitled 
The   office   of 


was  elevated  by  the 
fire  engines  from 
of  the  hand  style 
til  about  twenty- 
From  the  year  of 
there  was  little  pro- 
mode  of  quenching 
mand  came  from  the 
ies,  who  felt  that 
to  more    protection. 


FIRE 

was  established  in 
penses  being  paid 
companies.  In  1848, 
built  a  fire  engine, 
cumbersome  and 
doned.  The  intro- 
ideas  and  improve- 
opposed  at  this  time 
1856  that  the  Com- 
two  engines  to  be 
November  27,  the 
ies  presented  the 
Company  with  an 
there  were  eleven 
order.  Those  were 
when  the  boys  "run 
and  upon  the  ar- 
peting  companies, 
drop  their  work  and 
fight  out  their  fac- 
aided  and  egged  on 
and  hangers  on 
borhood.     By   1864,    there    were  twenty-seven    engines    in  operation. 


The  Osborne  Flats. 

Fifty-Seventh  Street  and  Seventh  Avente. 


MARSHAL 

June,  1854,  tiie  ex- 
by  the  insurance 
Paul  Hodges  had 
but  it  proved  too 
liad  to  be  aban- 
duction  of  new 
ments  was  seiiouslv 
and  it  was  not  until 
mon  Council  ordered 
built.  Ill  I  8  5  9, 
insurance  compan- 
Exenipt  Engine 
engine.  In  1861, 
engines  in  working 
the  good  old  days, 
with  the  machine" 
rival  of  two  com- 
"  the  boys  "  would 
while  the  fire  raged, 
tional  prejudices, 
by  the  hoodlums 
about      the      neigh- 


THE  PAID  FIRE  DEPARTMENT, 

which  swept  the  romantic  past  from  beneath  the  feet  of  the  Harry  Howards  and  other  good, 
old-time  fellows,  was  established  by  an  act  of  the  legislature,  March  3,  1865.  The  act  which  was 
fought  against  rigidly,  was  pronounced  constitutional  by  the  Court  of  Appeals,  June  21,  1865,' 
and  the  paid  Metropolitan  Fire  Department  became  a  reality.  Names  of  old  volunteers  to  the 
number  of  3,810  were  sponged  from  the  tablet  of  the  past  and  the  Governor    appoirited    a    Board  of 


68  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Fire  Cominissioners  in  the  persons  of  Charles  C.  Pintcney,  James  W.  Booth,  Martin  Brown  and 
Philip  W.  Engs. 

To-day,  the  New  York  Fire  Department  has  not  its  equal  in  the  world.  The  force  consti- 
tutes a  small  army  of  the  best  disciplined  men,  brave,  noble  fellows,  whose  only  action  is  strict 
obedience  to  duty.  The  horses  are  the  best  trained  in  the  universe  and  the  engines  and  fire- 
fighting  paraphernalia  the  most  complete.  The  force  is  the  admiration  of  New  York  and  to 
gether   with    the    police    force,  it    holds   first   place    in    the   estimate    of    the    people. 

A  GRAND  MONUMENT 

to  the  past  rests  in  Eighth  Street,  near  Fourth  Avenue,  the  headquarters  of  the  Veteran  Firemen's 
Association.  It  is  a  floor  25  x  100  feet,  and  constitutes  ai  club,  of  which  the  members  com- 
prise the  surviving  volunteer  firemen  and  their  sons.  One  of  the  great  characters  of  this  place 
is    Harry    Howard,    the    whilom   Chief  of   the   Volunteer    Department. 

The  club  room  is  a  veritable  museum,  crammed  from  one  end  to  the  other  with  old-time 
firemen's  trophies,  helmets,  hooks,  buckets,  medals,  ladders,  flags,  badges,  uniforms  and  the  relics 
of  the  good  days  gone  by.  Here  the  survivors  meet  and  talk  over  old  times  and  call  up  the 
memories  over  which  the  rushing,  racing  Present  has  tried  to  drop  its  curtain.  But  the  mind  of 
these  old  fellows  will,  somehow  or  other,  bowl  down  through  Time's  long  alleys  and  bump  up 
against  many  an  incident  that  jars  the  mist  of  sorrow  to  the  eyes.  All  glory  to  "the  boys 
who  run  with  the  machine."  Although  now  "  hors  de  combat,"  the  old  fellows  talk  over  their 
early  battles  against  the  elements  to  their  sons,  and  when  the  day  comes  for  them  to  say  "  hie 
jacet"  father,  the  sons  will  no  doubt  keep  alive  the  incidents  that  have  occurred  by  relating  the 
wonderful    tales    to   their   children    as    they   gather    about    the    fireside. 

Alas!  how  the  good  old  days  make  our  hearts  long  for  their  return  once  more,  when  New 
York  was  the  romantic  Gotham,  and  our  fathers  made  history  for  their  sons  to  chat  and  mar- 
vel   over ! 

THE  POSTAL  SYSTEM 

of  New  York  deserves  especial  notice,  particularly  under  the  present  efficisnt  rule  of  Postmaster 
Cornelius  Van  Cott.  Every  New  Yor-ker  remembers  the  old  Post  Office,  that  shattered,  lame 
building,  formerly  the  old  Dutch  Church,  in  Nassau  Street,  where  now  stands  one  of  the  largest 
insurance  buildings  in  the  world.  The  removal  of  the  Post  Office  department  to  its  present 
home,  on  the  night  of  August  28,  1875,  '■^^^  ^  noble  and  needed  action  upon  the  part  of  the 
government.  The  system  that  is  now  in  vogue  is  as  perfect  as  brains  and  patience  can  make 
it.  The  only  wonder  is  that  the  millions  of  letters  daily  handled,  all,  or  at  least  the  majority 
of   them,  find   their    way    to    the    person    for   whom    they    are    intended.       All    praise    is    due    to    the 

FAITHFUL  POSTMEN 

who  carry  our  missives,  and  to  them  must  be  traced  the  backbone  of  the  success  of  the  pres- 
ent postal  system.  The  head  post  office  is  aided  by  the  various  stations  throughout  the  city, 
where  the  mail  is  distributed  and  delivered  according  to  districts.  There  are,  however,  three 
vast  opportunities  for  improvement  in  the  mail  system,  one  of  which  London  possesses  and  two 
of  which  belong  to  Philadelphia.  The  first,  as  applied  to  London,  consists  of  the  use  of  a  low- 
sized  cart  with  horse  attached  for  the  postman's  use  in  the  suburban  districts.  Or,  indeed, 
even  this  might  be  done  away  with,  provided  the  Philadelphia  plan  were  substituted,  and  that  is 
the  use  of  a  series  of  wagons  to  convey  the  postmen  from  head  post  office  and  the  stations 
to  their  various  starting  points  of  distribution.  The  other  improvement,  and  a  great  time  and 
labor-saving  institution  it  is,  comprises  the  manner  of  depositing  mail.  In  Philadelphia,  the 
various    points    are    designated    at    the     letter-drops.       Thus,     all     the    letters    for     New     York    are 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


69 


dropped,  by  the  writer,  into  the  box  labeled  "  New  York,"  and  so  on  ;  the  states  and  important 
sections  are  intimated  so  that  the  post  office  clerlis  are  relieved  of  nine-tenths  of  their  burden 
by    the    courtesy   of    the    public. 

In    London,    the    postman    delivers    the   great    bulk    of    parcels — such    commodities    go    by   what 
is   known   as 


THE  PARCELS  POST 

It    is   owing  to   the    fact   that    the    postmen   in    New    York    are     not    expected    to     do    this    line 
of   work   and    also    that    deliveries    are    not    frequent    enough,    that    a   great    enterprise    known    as 


70 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  MESSENGER  SERVICE 

has  grown  into  popular  liking;  but  with  all  of  iis  drawbacks,  the  messenger  service  of  this 
city  is  a  welcome  innovation.  In  Stockholm,  Sweden,  as  is  the  case  in  some  of  the  American 
towns,  the  old  soldiers  serve  as  messengers.  But  there  is  no  plan,  aside  from  the  London  Parcel 
Post  system,  that  equals  the  system  in  vogue  in  New  York.  The  lads,  in  conjunction  with  the 
local  telegraph  and  telephone  facilities,  render  the  sending  of  dispatches  and  parcels  a  com- 
paratively speedy  mode  of  rapid  transit.  And  when  New  Yorkers  can  devise  a  plan  that  will  send 
their  bodies  and  souls  from  Yonkers  to  the  Battery  in  as  quick  space  of  time  as  the  pneumatic 
tube  now  carries  a  message  from  the  Herald's  Twenty-third  Street  branch  to  the  head  office, 
they  will,  no  doubt,  be  on  the  road  to  satisfaction. 
New   York   is    practically    the    cradle    of 

TELEGRAPHY 

in  America.  Professor  Morse,  the  in- 
ventor of  the  great  system,  was  a  native 
of  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and  the  son  of 
Dr.  Morse,  a  New  England  clergyman. 
The  year  of  1832  found  Professor  Morse 
in  Havana,  and  on  his  voyage  to  New 
York  he  heard  a  Boston  physician  re- 
lating some  great  discovery  that  had 
been  made  in  electricty.  "  If  these 
statements  are  true,"  replied  Professor 
Morse,  "  and  such  discoveries  have  really 
been  made,  then  I  can  send  a  message 
by  lightning  around  the  world."  He 
needed  funds,  and  Jacob  Little,  at  that 
time  the  great  bear  of  Wall  Street,  gave 
him  $100  to  help  him  along  in  his 
discoveries,  although  Mr.  Little,  like  the 
majority  of  other  persons,  had  no  faith 
in  the  experiments.  At  length,  Mr. 
Butterfield,  of  E.xpress  Company  note, 
was  found  to  be  a  firm  believer  in  the 
future  possibilities  of  Professor  Morse's 
tests.  He  came  to  his  aid. 
The  government  finally  agreed  to  help  him  out  to  the  extent  of  building  a  test  line  from 
Washington  to  Baltimore,  with  the  understanding  that  if  a  message  could  be  sent  and  received 
back    again,    more    money    would    be    forthcoming.       The    world    knows    the    result. 


Metropolitan  Opera  Hoitse. 


PROFESSOR  MORSE, 
who   had    made    the    lightning   talk,   was  held    up    as    an    idol,   and    his   name    to-day   is    graven    upon 
the    highest    point   of    the    tablet    reserved    for  great   men. 

Three  lines  of  telegraph  wires  followed  upon  the  heels  of  Professor  Morse's  successful 
experiments.  The  most  prosperous  was  the  American,  which  has  outlived  all  competitors  and  to- 
day  is   owned   chiefly   by   one    of   the   wealthiest    men    in    the    world,  the    plant    being   known    as 

WESTERN  UNION 

Telegraph  Company.  Millions  of  capital  are  employed;  thousands  of  offices  are  sustained  all 
over  the  United  States ;  and  these  connect  with  the  great  cable  and  Canadian  telegraph  lines, 
Thousands   upon    thousands   of   men    and    women    are    employed. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


71 


It  is  a  satisfaction  to  know  that  the  persons  who  first  scouted  Professor  Morse's  ideas, 
were  also  foremost  in  their  praise,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  see  the  monument  of  this  great  man 
among  the  others  in  Central  Park.  He  died  as  he  lived — a  grand,  a  great,  a  good  man,  and 
one    whose    name    is    honored    throughout    the    world. 

LOCAL  PASSENGER  TRAFFIC 

in  this  city  forms  one  of  the  greatest  and  most  important  subjects  in  connection  with  New 
York's  history.  As  the  city  lengthens,  the  traveling  facilities  grow  more  cramped,  year  by  year, 
while  it  is  a  fact  that  the  great  suburb  of  Harlem  is  indebted  for  its  existence  to  the  elevated 
railway  system,  it  is  equally  true  that  other  lines  of  rapid  transit  are  necessary,  and  these  in 
the  near  future,  too;  for  otherwise,  New  York,  which  is  growing  at  the  rate  of  80,000  persons 
per  year,  will  soon  be  in  a  deplorable  condition,  unless  her  methods  of  travel  are  e.xtended. 
According  to  the  latest  published  official  advice,  travel  on  the  elevated  railways  is  increasing  at 
the  rate  of  9,000,000  or  10,000,000  passengers  a  year.  The  travel  on  some  of  the  surface  lines 
is    not    increasing    at    all,  but    is    decreasing. 

The    elevated    roads    in     i888    carried     171,529,789    people,    in     1889    they   carried     179,497.433. 


^^^'^    lip 
\ 


Fourteenth  Street,  Looking  West  from  Broadway. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


The  ferries  of  this  city  are  the  water-bridges  over  which  at  least  five  millions  of  souls  pass 
every  day  of  the  year,  the  most  liberally  patronized  ferry  being  probably  the  one  that  runs  out 
from  Cortlandt  Street  ;  although  prior  to  the  building  of  the  Brooklyn  bridge,  the  Fulton  Street 
ferry  was  the  most  extensively  patronized  in  the  world.  There  are  at  least  from  the  various 
twenty-eight  lines  plying  across  the  North  and  East  Rivers,  down  the  bay  to  the  Islands  and 
Annex   points. 

From  the  one  hundred  thirty-three  piers  and  docks  surrounding  the  city,  the  great  ships 
and    freight   carriers    ply    in    and    out,    the  location  of   the  piers  being   found    in    the    following  order. 


NORTH  RIVER. 


OLD. 

No. 
I 

2.3 

4 

5.6,7 
8 

9,  10 
II 

12 

13 
14 

15 
16 
17,18 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

25 
26 

27 
28 

29 


33 
34 
35 

No. 

1,2 

3.4 

5 

6,7,8 

9,  10 
11,12 

13 
14 

15.  16 
17 
18 

19 

20,  21 
22 

23 
24 

25,26 


NEW. 

No. 


Battery  Place. 

Battery  Place  and  Morris. 

Morris. 

Morris  and  Rector  Streets. 

Rector  Street. 

Rector  and  Carlisle  Streets. 

Carlisle  Street. 

Albany  Street. 

Albany  and  Cedar  Streets. 

Cedar  Street. 

Liberty  Street. 

Liberty  and  Cortlandt  Streets. 

Cortlandt  Street. 

Cortlandt  and  Dey  Streets. 

Dey  Street. 

Fulton  Street. 

Fulton  and  Vesey  Streets. 

Vesey  Street. 

Vesey  and  Barclay  Streets. 

Barclay  Street. 

Barclay  and  Park  Place. 

Park  Place. 

Murray  Street. 

Warren  Street. 

20  Chambers  Street. 

21  lOuane  Street. 
Jay  Street. 
Harrison  Street. 
Franklin  Street. 


Whitehall  Street. 

Moore  and  Broad  Streets. 

Broad  and  Coenties  Slip. 

Coenties  Slip. 

Coenties  Old  Slip. 

Old  Slip. 

Old  Slip  and  Gouverneur  Lane. 

Jones'  Lane. 

Wall  Street. 

Pine  Street. 

Maiden  Lane. 

Fletcher  Street. 

Burling  Slip. 

Fulton  Street. 

Beeknian  Street. 

Beekman  and  Peck  Slip. 

Peck  Slip. 


OLD. 

NEW. 

No. 

No. 

36 

North  Moore  Street. 
26     Beech  Street. 

38 

Hubert  Street. 

39 

Vestry  Street. 

40 

Watts  Street. 

42 

Canal  Street. 

34  Canal  Street. 

35  Spring  Street. 

36  Spring  and  Charlton  Streets, 

37  Charlton  Street.                    , 

38  King  Street. 

39  West  Houston  Street. 

40  Clarkson  Stieet. 

41  Leroy  Street. 

42  Morton  Street. 

43  Barrow  Street. 

44  Christopher  Street. 

45  W.  Tenth  Stieet. 
46,  47  Charles  Street. 

54 

Perry  Street. 

55 

W.  Eleventh  Street. 

56 

Bethune  Street. 

57 

Horatio  Street. 

58 

Gansevoort  Street. 

59 

Bogart  Street. 

60 

Bloomfield  Street. 

61 

Little  Twelfth  Street. 

62 

W.  Thirteenth  Street. 

63 

W.  Fifteenth  Street. 

RIVER. 

No. 

27 

Dover  Street. 

28 

Dover  and  Roosevelt  Streets. 

29 

Roosevelt  Street. 

30 

Roosevelt  and  James  Slip. 

31. 

32 

James  Slip. 

33 

Oliver  Street. 

34, 

35 

Catherine  Street. 

36 

Catherine  and  Market  Streets. 

37. 

38 

Market  Street. 

39 

Market  and  Pike  Streets. 

40, 

41 

Pike  Street. 

42 

Pike  and  Rutgers  Street. 

43. 

44 

Rutgers  Street. 

45 

Rutgers  and  Jefferson  Streets. 

46 

Jefferson  Street. 

47 

Jefferson  and  Clinton  Streets. 

48 

Clinton  Street. 

HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


73 


49 

5° 

51.52 

53 

54 

55 

56,57 

58,59 

60 

6i 


Clinton  and  Montgomery  Streets.  62 

Montgomery  Street.  63 

Gouverneur  Street.  64 

Jackson  Street.  65 

Corlears  Street.  66 

Cherry  Street.  67 

Broome  Street.  68 

Delancey  Street.  69 

Rivington  Street.  70 
Rivington  and  Stanton  Streets. 


Stanton  Street. 
Third  Street. 
Fifth  Street. 
Sixth  Street. 
Seventh  Street. 
Eighth  Street. 
Ninth  Street. 
E.  T-enth  Street. 
E.  Eleventh  Street. 


THE  SHIPPING  INTERESTS 


of  New  York  are  taken  up  by  more  than  thirty  lines  of  steam- 
boats and  other  vessels,  the  majority  of  the  lines  being  owned  by 
foreign  syndicates,  chiefly  English.  It  is  such  a  rare  sight  to 
see  an  American  flag  floating  from  a  ship's  mast  in  the  New  York 
port,  that  a  stranger,  upon  approaching  by  way  of  the  harbor, 
might  easily  fancy  New  York  to  be  any  other  than  an  American 
city.  The  thirty  lines  represent  at  least  one  hundred  fifty 
vessels.  Of  course  these  include  the  foreign  and  domestic  traffic 
and  freight  boats  and  do  not  embrace  the  endless  number  of 
sailing  vessels,  tugs,  etc.,  and  the  white- 
winged  yachts  that  one  sees  skimming 
about    or    anchored    in    the    bay. 

THE  RAILWAY  LINES, 

entering    this     city    direct    or    by   means 


Central  Park— Beethoven. 


Central  Park— The  Deer-slayer. 


of  ferry  connections,  are  in 
the  neighborhood  of  twenty- 
five,  over  which  hundreds 
of  trains  are  run  every  day. 
The  teeming  suburbs  are 
every  morning  drained  and 
Jigain  filled  up  at  night 
with  business  men  who 
"  sleep  out  of  the  city," 
and  during  the  day,  elbow 
the  great  crowds  in  their 
eager  rush  for  power, 
wealth,   competition  and   su. 


premacy. 


THE  RE.\L  ESTATE  HISTORY. 


_  ENTRAL  Park— The  Falconer. 


The  land  upon  which  we  live  forms  the  basis  of  all  finan- 
cial and  commercial  transactions.  It  is  but  proper,  then,  in 
this  condensed  history  of  New  York's  mighty  growth  and 
wealth,  to  give  a  review  of  the  rise  of  property  from  the  year 
i6og,   until  the   present   date. 

In  May,  1626,  the  island  of  Manhattan,  with  its  22,000 
acres  of  rolling  green  fields  and  rocks  was  sold  by  the  Indian 
owners  to  Peter  Minuit,  then  director  of  New  Netherland,  for 
sixty  guilders,  or  about  $24.00.  In  1693,  the  first  authoritative 
valuation  of  city  property  was  given  at  .£^78,231 — or  $379,420. 
In  1805,  the  valuation  was  placed  at  $25,645,867  ;  in  1825,  it 
was  $101,160,046;    in  1835,  $218,723,703  ;  in  1845,  $239,995,517  ; 


74 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


in  185s,  $486,998,278;  in  i860,  $577,230,956;  in  1865,  $608,784,355;  in  1870,  $742,202,525.  In 
tiie  year  of  1853,  the  land  covered  by  Central  Park  was  estimated  at  $5,398,695.  To  this  plot, 
$1,658,395  worth  of  land  was  purchased,  and  to-day  the  Central  Park  area  stands  the  city  in  a 
total  cost  of  seventeen  millions  of  dollars.  At  the  Real  Estate  Exchange,  one  of  the  mighty 
institutions  of  this   city,  the   weekly  real  estate  transactions  reach   the  stupendous  sum  of  $2,000,000. 


aJlyu. 


Park  Row,  Showing  Franklin  Monument,  Citv  Hall  Park,  Etc. 


ASSESSMENT  UPON  REAL  ESTATE. 

The  number  of  pieces  or  plots  of  real  estate  assessed  in  1881  was  152,630;  in  1882,  152,211; 
in  1883,  152,182;  in  1884,  156,333;  in  1885,  159,432;  in  1886,  161. 617  ;  in  1887,  161,334;  in  1888, 
161,572;  in    1889,   161,402;  and  in   1890,   161,507. 

During  the  times  the  books  were  open,  from  the  second  Monday  in  January  to  the  30th  day 
of  April,  to  receive  applications  from  parties  considering  themselves  aggrieved  by  assessments  upon 
their  real  property,  there  were  received,  in  1881,  2,478  applications;  and  during  the  same  period 
in  1882,  there  were  received  1,262  applications;  in  1883  there  were  received  1,133  applications;  in 
1884  there  were  received  910  applications;  in  1885  there  were  received  1,511  applications;  in  1886 
there  were  received  907  applications;  in  1887  there  were  received  637  applications;  in  1888  there 
were  received  625  applications;  in  1889  there  were  received  559  applications;  and  in  1890  there 
were  received   680    applications. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  ASSESSMENTS. 

>888.  i88g.  1890. 

Number   of   Pieces   of  Real    Estate 161,572  161,402  161,507 

Number   of   names   on    Personal   books 13,188  '4)7 '5  131890 

Number   of   Shareholders    of    Banks 22,262  21,073  20,977 

Corpoiaiions 994  1,208  1,320 

Total    Number  of  Assessments 198,016  198,398  197,694 

MAGNIFICENT  SUMMER  RESORTS. 

At  a  figure  which  may  be  called  a  mere  pittance,  upon  the  most  sultry  August  day,  when 
the  very  stones  of  the  streets  seem  to  be  the  bed  of  a  bake  oven,  the  New  Yorker  may  hie  him- 
self to  the  most  delightful  woods  or  the  waters'  edge,  and  for  a  few  pennies,  enjoy  the  most 
delicious  surroundings  in  the  universe.  He  does  not  have  to  be  rich  to  do  this.  The  poorest 
laborer  and  his  family  can  enjoy 

the    luxury,    and    that    is    what  Jim^'^ 

makes  it    all  the  more  delight-  fS<-.       h\ 

ful — it    is  a    balm    to  one    and  ^^-^'^  '^\- 

all  ;     to    the    sickly,    the    poor,  ^ ^&i 

the    wee      orphans     and      the  ,  ,    ^, 

poverty-chained     mother     with  m*'.''V>'   '3t t'l      )"//■  _—       '*^^'*^ 

her    puny  babe   in   arms.     And  H^f^'  M^-^^'^^'     -^    ^M^\  .  ^ 

if  she   cannot  afford    to    spare  WiW^J^^^^'      J^^^^^^^'^^^^t 

the  mite,  the  Fresh  Air  Funds  ■^'if^P*  aII  ff^^^^^  ■  ^K^iMv 

will     give    her    and   her   babe  Jr"^''-^^ 

the  opportunity,  free  of  charge.  ^      '/j^-'\'\i'"'^ (Ml^^^-^-ss^  Wi 

When  the  summer  months  come,  ^^     i  '}&f^^^^^LjM<-^-iS.  ^S^'^^<^ 

the    whole    city   looks    forward      JE^^-^^^^^,^^^^  ^^\fi\'i'M\^^'^^'^ —    '^l-^ \ 

with  joy  to  the  delights  of  Glejn     '^J^flp^^^  'il<^&"'^^^  "^  i 

Island,    Staten    Island,    Coney       /  i^  '^^  w«.J 

Island,   Fort    Lee,   the    dozens 

Central  Park— Lioness  and  Cl'bs. 

of    wooded     retreats,    the    up- 

the-Hudson       jaunts.      Long 

Branch,  Long  Beach,    Far  Rockaway,   Rockaway,  the  fishing  banks ;  and  if  one  wishes  a  further  jaunt, 

the   Catskill    Mountains   are   but  four   hours    away.       These    advantages    combine   to   make    New  York 

most  favored  of  all  the  cities  in  the  supply  of  shady,   cool    nooks    and    seaside    resorts. 


NEW  YORK  AS  A  COMMERCIAL    CENTER 

is  a  subject  which  appeals  to  all  men  as  one  of  wide  and  vital  importance.  This  heading  em- 
braces the  industrial  and  manufacturing  interests  of  the  Metropolis  of  the  United  States.  It  was  not 
until  the  year  of  182 1  that  a  reliable  mention  or  summing  up  of  the  commerce  of  New  York  was 
noted.  From  that  year  until  1S31,  New  York's  foreign  commerce  reached  one  half  of  the  total 
carried  on  in  this  country.  There  were  importations  to  the  amount  of  $3f>>337)956  brought 
in  at  this  port,  of  which  ninety-five  per  cent,  were  credited  to  New  York.  The  exports  during 
these  ten  years  were  $8,797,218;  the  domestic  exports  amounted  to  $12,786,118,  which  brought  the 
entire  foreign  commerce  up  to  $57,921,292,  from  1821  to  1830.  In  the  year  of  1845,  New  York  had 
371,223  inhabitants.  Her  city  debt  amounted  to  $12,681,750.  There  were  eighty-five  persons 
employed  in  the  post  office  here.  Jump  again  to  the  year  of  1874.  From  182 1  to  this  period 
New  York  had  done  $8,276,351,185  in  foreign  commerce.  She  had  about  7,700  manufacturing 
establishments,  in  which  over  $131,000,000  was  invested.  Over  $350,000,000  worth  of  wares  were 
produced,    in    which    about    $180,000,000  worth    of   material   had    been     used,  while    about   $65,000,000 


76  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

was  paid  in  wages.  Tiiere  were  $395,133,622  in  imports;  $14,633,463  in  exports  of  foreign  prod- 
ucts; and  $340,360,269  in  domestic  exports,  or  a  total  of  $750,127,354  in  foreign  commerce — this 
in  1874.  By  the  year  i88g,  the  imports  amounted  to  $494,814,556  ;  and  the  foreign  exports 
reached  $336,784,763.  The  annual  exports  of  breadstuffs  through  this  port  since  1887, 
amount  to  about  $127,000,000.  There  are  annually  exported,  chiefly  through  New  York, 
29,835,000    barrels    of    oil,    or   over    671,000,000    of    gallons. 

One  of  the  great  features  of  this  city  is  her  markets.  As  far  back  as  1801,  these  mar- 
kets were  notable  centers  for  sellers  and  buyers.  The  Oswego  Market  at  the  head  of  Maiden 
Lane,  was  one  of  the  earliest ;  then  came  the  Exchange  Market,  at  the  foot  of  Broad  Street. 
In  1813,  that  which  is  now  known  as  Washington  Market,  was  then  called  the  Hudson,  or  Bare 
Market.  In  1822,  the  Fly  Market  first  spread  over  the  place  now  occupied  by  Fulton 
Market.  The  Jefferson  and  the  Essex  Markets  are  of  more  recent  date,  while  the  market  near 
W.  Sixty-fifth  street  is  the  latest  institution  of  this  kind.  The  Tompkins  Market  is  a  noted 
place  and  there  are  others  of  lesser  magnitude.  So,  taken  all  in  all,  New  York  is  one  of  the 
best   supplied    cities    in    the    world. 

THE  GROWING  BUSINESS  PLACES 

are  monuments  to  modern,  commercial  and  industrial  activity.  All  over  the  city  these  structures 
are  arising,  until  by  the  time  fifty  more  years  shall  have  rolled  around.  New  York,  with  her 
four  millions  of  people,  her  great  houses  of  commerce  and  her  colossal  fortunes,  will  be  the 
second   city    in    the    world    in    numbers,    wealth    and    importance. 

There    can    be    no   complete    history    of    a   city    written,    without    including,    also, 

THE  FINANCIAL  SIDE 

of   life  ;     a   feature    in    which    no   city    in    the    world    is    more    prominent    than    New  York. 

The  first  bank  ever  established  in  this  city — and  the  second  in  America — was  the  Bank  of 
New  York,  for  which  Alexander  Hamilton  gained  a  charter.  May  21,  1791,  although  the  bank 
was  actually  opened  for  business  in  1784.  The  capital  was  $950,000.  Its  charter  expired  by 
limitation  in  181 1.  The  Manhattan  Bank  came  in,  in  1799,  with  a  capital  of  $2,050,000.  In 
1812,  the  City  Bank  was  organized  with  a  $2,000,000  capital  ;  while  in  that  year,  also,  the 
New  York  Manufacturing  Company  was  organized  with  a  capital  of  $1,200,000,  this  institution 
finally  becoming  known  as  the  Phoenix  Bank.  The  same  year,  18 12,  was  the  beginning  of  the 
first  serious  panic  of  the  century.  The  charter  of  the  United  States  Bank  (or  the  Bank  of 
New  York,  it  was  first  named)  not  having  been  renewed  after  the  termination  of  its  charter  in 
i8n,  numerous  wildcat  banks  sprang  up  with  the  consequence  of  having  a  most  depressing 
effect  upon  the  community  and  the  culmination  was  a  serious  panic  which  reached  its  height  ill  1814. 
Besides,  beggarly  harvests  only  lent  their  frowns  to  the  miseries  of  the  blotting  out  of  credit  and 
the  lack  of  confidence  throughout  commercial  circles.  Again,  withal,  the  people  were  reduced  to 
a  state  of  suffering,  and  as  the  last  resort,  Congress  passed  a  bill  chartering  the  Bank  of 
the  United  States,  this  bill  going  into  effect  January  i,  1817,  with  a  twenty  years  lease  of  life 
ahead  of  it.  It  was  not  many  months  before  confidence  was  agam  restored  and  the  country 
breathed  easy.  To  realize  the  sufferings  of  this  panic,  no  city  was  in  a  better  position  to  feel 
the   black    cloud    more    forcibly    than    New    York.       Two    years    after   this 

PANIC  OF  1814, 

a  new  national  bank  was  chartered  (1816)  with  a  capital  of  $35,000,000  and  a  branch  was 
opened  in  Wall  Street,  while  the  Rev.  J.  Smith,  in  the  year  of  1799  was  the  original  proposer 
of   an   institution   where   savings    might    be    deposited. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 
THE  FIRST  SAVINGS  BANK 


77 


in  New  York  was  founded  by  Thomas  Eddy,  Dr..  John  Griscom  and  John  Printard,  with  William 
Bayard,  president,  in  1819,  the  site  being  in  the  basement  of  the  New  York  Institution,  in 
Chambers    Street,    this   being    the   fore-runner    of    the    existing    Bleecker    Street   Bank. 


Vrarw  IN  Central  Park,  Showing  Bridge. 


THE  SECOND  GREAT  PANIC 

occurred  in  1837.  As  early  as  1833,  the  deposits,  were  removed  from  the  United  States^Bank 
to  the  local  banks.  This  caused  a  wide  extension  of  credit.  An  over-issue  of  paper  money  fol- 
lowed and  then,  July  11,  1836,  the  specie  circular  was  announced.  This  was  followed  by  a 
stringency    in    the    money-market    and    the    panic   of    1837    followed. 

The    next    important  financial   event   occurred  when    the   short-lived 


78  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

PANIC  OF  1847 
set  men  by  the  ears  once  more.  The  prices  of  grain  had  become  unduly  inflated  and  specula- 
tion in  breadstuffs,  as  formerly  in  real  estate,  continued  to  increase  and  a  number  of  leading 
Wall  Street  banks  went  under.  However,  the  chief  banks  of  the  city  held  their  own  and 
althouo-h  business  men  were  made  to  feel  the  galling  yoke,  the  course  of  affairs  drifted  back 
once    more    into   the    old   solid   grooves. 

Probably    the   greatest   event    of   the    age    in    the    financial   world    was    the   establishment    of 

THE  NEW  YORK  CLEARING  HOUSE, 
October   3,    1853,    as    related    in    the    earlier   pages   of   this    history. 

THE  MIGHTY  PANIC  OF  1873 

is  so  fresh  that  a  mere  mention  of  it  will  suffice.  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.  were  building  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railway  and  such  was  the  pressure  upon  them  that  they  were  compelled  to 
close  their  doors.  That  Black  Friday  of  1873  fell  like  a  pall  over  the  country.  .  The  New 
York  Stock  Exchange,  for  the  first  time  in  its  history,  since  its  establishment  in  1792,  was  com- 
pelled to  suspend  operations.  The  shock  to  New  York,  as  well  as  the  entire  country,  lasted 
until    1879,    when    the    resumption    of    specie    payment    was    declared. 

THE  NEW  YORK  STOCK  EXCHANGE 

is  one  of  the  greatest  bulwarks  in  the  financial  world.  It  is  composed  of  the  monetary  kings 
of  the  universe  and  how  well  its  members  have  stood  by  the  banks  in  times  of  panic  is  a 
truth  proverbial.  This  great  institution  is,  like  the  Clearing  House,  an  essential  and  indispen- 
sable   part    of   the    vessel. 

The  other  great  exchanges  are  the  Petroleum,  the  Cotton,  the  Proauce,  and  the  Consoli- 
dated   Exchange,  the    latter    being   an    open  Board. 

The  student  of  finance  will  find  in  New  York's  monetary  magnates  as  clever  and  loyal  a 
class  of  men  as  the  world  possesses,  and  a  spirit  of  fairness  ruling  the  entire  commercial  and 
financial  field,  which  casts  credit  and  honor  upon  the  men  who  have  done  so  much  to  make 
New   York    the    grandest    city    upon    the    American    continent. 

It    is    now    time    to    turn    to    the    subject    of 

FIRE  INSURANCE. 

The  most  authentic  records  show  that  insurance,  or  assurance,  or,  more  properly  speaking, 
underwriting,  grew  up  some  time  about  September,  1666,  after  the  great  fire  of  London  had 
licked  up  13,000  houses  and  eighty-nine  churches  and  burned  over  a  territory  of  450  acres.  In 
17 10,  the  Sun  Fire  office  was  established  in  London — the  first  company  in  existence,  and  at 
the  present  writing,  the  oldest  in  the  world.  In  1798,  the  spirit  of  the  New  Republic 
caused  men  to  establish  the  New  York  Marine  Company,  the  first  in  the  United  States ;  and 
following  soon  after,  in  the  year  named,  the  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  was  organized. 
In    1801,    the    Washington    Fire    Insurance    Company    was    incorporated. 

The   question   of 

LIFE  INSURANCE 

is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  features  of  the  age.  Like  this  kind  of  insurance,  the  insurance 
agent  is  a  product  of  the  past  five  and  forty  years.  Agents  were  not  known  in  1845,  ^\'hile  in 
that  "year,  there  were  only  ten  companies  in  the  United  States  that  devoted  their  attention  to  life 
insurance  that  had  their  head-offices  in  New  York.  The  astounding  figures  of  to-day  show  to 
what    extent    the    former   prejudices   of    the    people    have   been    wiped    out. 

There  is  more  than  three  billion,  two  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  dollars  in  outstanding 
life    insurance    issued    by    the    life     companies     that     are    represented     at     present     in     New     York. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


79 


THE  TOTAL  ASSETS 

of  the  combined  life  insurance  companies  in  New  York  is  more  tiian  nine  hundred  millions  of 
dollars.  The  total  income  of  the  old-line  companies  for  twenty-six  years  (1864  to  1890)  is  not 
far  from  two  billion  five  hundred  millions  of  dollars,  while  in  the  same  length  of  time,  policy 
holders   have    received    about    one    billion    five    hundred     millions   of    dollars    in    dividends. 

Like  the  United  States  Trust  Co.,  the  Union  Trust  Co.,  the  Manhattan  Banking  Co.,  and 
other  mighty  corporations,  the  life  insurance  companies  have  built  some  of  the  mightiest  of  New 
York's  monetary  and  commercial  palaces,  the  giant  of  them  all  being  the  Equitable  Building  at 
No.  120  Broadway,  closely  crowded  by  the  Mutual  Building  in  Nassau  Street  on  the  site  of 
the  Old  Dutch  Church  and  later,  the  post-office.  The  Mutual's  new  building  at  the  N.  E. 
corner  of  Madison  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street,  on  the  site  of  the  noted  old  T.  S.  M. 
Barlow    residence,    and    facing    Madison    Square,    will    be    one    of    the    towers    of    modern     wonder. 

THE  COURTS 

of  New  York  are  entitled  to  close  survey,  standing  as  they  do  in  such  a  high  and  pure  light 
from  a  standpoint  of  legal  operations.  The  Bench  of  this  city,  like  the  legal  fraternity,  com- 
prises some  of  the  greatest  minds  of  the  age.  Of  course,  the  institution  bearing  directly  upon 
the  city's  affairs  is  the  County  court,  which  is  located  in  a  magnificent  marble  structure  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  City  Hall  Park.  This  building  was  commenced  in  1S61  and  since  1867 
it  has  been  fit  to  occupy,  embracing,  as  it  does,  within  its  walls,  the  State  Courts,  and  the 
offices  of   the    Sheriff   and    the    County    Clerk. 

One   of   the   greatest    political    organizations    in    the    world,    is   known    as   the 

TAMMANY  HALL  SOCIETY, 

a  Democratic  organization  which  is  now  the  ruling  political  power  of  the  city.  The  name 
Tammany  comes  from  the  title  of  a  Delaware  chief  of  the  seventeenth  century,  who  was  chosen 
by  the  American    Democrats   as   their    tutelary    saint. 

THE  CITY'S  POWERS 

of  self-government  are  derived  from  the  Legislature,  under 
a  charter,  which  is  amended  as  causes  arise.  The  heads 
of  the  various  departments  and  the  various  heads  of  de- 
partments are  formed  into  Boards  of  Commissioners  as 
governing  bodies.  These  departments  include  the  Board 
of  Public  Works,  which  embrace  the  water  works  ;  Finance, 
Parks,  Police,  Docks,  the  Health  Board,  Charities  and 
Corrections,  Education,  Taxes  and  Assessments  and 
Buildings. 

THE  CITY  HALL 

is  located  in  one  of  the  oldest  parks  of  the  city  and  was 
finished  at  an  outlay  of  $500,000,  in  18 12.  It  is  built 
of  marble,  216  feet  long,  by  105  feet  deep,  and  affords 
accommodations  for  the  Mayor,  Common  Council,  Clerks 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  the  City  Library  and  other 
departments.  On  the  second  floor  is  the  Governor's 
room,  where  stands  George  Washington's  desk,  on  which 
he  penned  his  first  message  to  Congress ;  the  chair  in 
which  he  was  inaugurated  as  the  first  President'  of  the 
United  States ;  the   chairs  used  by  the  first  Congress,  and  a 


<°<-?f-'"?\f?^.,  . 


80  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

great  number  of  paintings,  which  include  the  portraits  of  the  State  Governors,  the  leading  na- 
tional   Revolutionary    heroes    and    officers    and    many    of   the    Mayors    of    the    city. 

THE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH, 

with  its  head  office  in  Mulberry  Street,  in  the  same  building  as  the  Police  Department,  is  com- 
posed of  the  President  of  the  Police  Board,  the  Health  officer  of  the  port  and  Commissioners 
appointed  by  the  Mayor.  The  sanitary  condition  of  the  city  is  placed  in  the  hand  of  this 
Board  and  a  corps  of  physicians  is  employed  to  inspect  the  tenement  districts.  The  Bureau  of 
Vital    Statistics    is    also    connected    with    this    Department. 

THE  FIRE  DEPARTMENT 
headquarters   are    at    155    Mercer    Street    and    is   governed    by   Commissioners. 

THE    MAYOR 

appoints  the  Commissioners  of  the  Board  of  Education,  who  in  turn  appoint  Local  Boards  of 
Trustees.  The  number  of  children  at  present  receiving  free  education  in  New  York  is  consid- 
erably over  300,000,  while  over  3,500  teachers  are  employed  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $4,000,000 
per  year. 

One  of  the  most  important  and  necessary  adjuncts  in  connection  with  the  city  government, 
is   the 

DEPARTMENT  OF  DOCKS, 

which  has  charge  of  the  entire  river  front  of  twenty-five  miles  and  is  controlled  by  Commission- 
ers. 

THE  BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN 

has  the  power  to  pass,  enforce  and  repeal  civic  ordinances  subject  to  the  Mayor's  approval, 
and  to    pass    resolutions    over    his   veto    by    a    two-thirds    vote. 

That  which  a  city  is,  leads  us  to  reflect  upon  what  the  city  was,  and  as  an  effect  is 
always  the  child  of  a  cause,  we  are  led  to  look  up  the  parentage  of  New  York's  present  impor- 
tance.      This,    without    difficulty    is    found    in 

THE  NOTED  MEN, 

past    and    present,    who    have    been  and  are    the    bulwarks    of    the    Metropolis  of   the    United    States. 

Beginning,    then,    with    those    giants  Aho    have    passed    away   through  the   Great    Gate,    we  will  bring 

up  the    more    prominent    names    for  the    purpose    of   a    review,    for  although  hundreds  deserve  it,    our 

space  will  permit  the  use  of  only  a  few  names.  One  of  the  names  that  was  a  power  in  the 
old   days,    was    that   of 

ALEXANDER  HAMILTON, 

through  whom  so  much  was  accomplished  in  the  building  up  of  several  of  the  greatest  financial 
inS'titutions.  The  history  of  this  man's  life  and  his  duel  with  Aaron  Burr  is  well  known. 
General  Hamilton  lived  at  the  time  of  the  duel  and  his  death,  in  Park  Place  near  Broadway, 
while  Burr  resided  at  Richmond  Hill — a  rise  near  Prince  Street  which  could  be  plainly  seen 
from  Broadway.  The  Burr  house  stood  upon  what  is  now  Varick  and  Charlton  Streets,  the 
ground  having  been  leveled.  It  is  said  that  Burr  had  contemplated  killing  General  Hamilton, 
and  tha*:  he  (Burr)  was  seen  practicing  with  pistol  in  hand,  many  a  time  upon  his  own  grounds, 
to  become  proficient  as  a  marksman.  The  cleverness  of  Burr  is  also  found  in  his  success  in 
carrying  the  Manhattan  Bank  charter  through  the  Legislature.  The  Manhattan  is  to-day  the 
great    monument    to   his    adroitness. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


81 


OLD  LANDMARKS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Upon  that  site  now  stands  the  New  York  Herald.  Somebody  has  said  that  "  we  do  not 
appreciate  our  landmarlcs  enough,  for  if  we  did,  we  would  build  monuments  to  them ;  "  which 
of  course  means  that  we  should  tear  down  that  which  memory  and  association  have  made  dear 
and  erect  great,  ugly,  glaring,  vulgar  houses  on  the  spot.  The  greatness  of  a  landmark  consists 
in    letting    it    remain   just    as    it    was    during   the    period    that   events   made    it    dear. 

After  all,  is  it  not  wholly  within  the  nature  of  things  that  New  York  should  progress? 
From  a  population  of  looo  souls  in  1656,  the  city  has  increased  to  1,700,000  in  1S90 — 700,000, 
or  almost  double  the  population  of  1880.  It  is,  therefore,  within  the  bounds  of  reason  to  here 
take   occasion    to    look   forward    and    estimate    the    exact   dimensions    and    importance    of 


West  Side  Union  Scjuahe,  Looking  North. 


NEW  YORK  IN  1945. 

There  is  a  positive  certainty  that  before  ten  years  more  have  rolled  around,  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  will  be  one  city.  This  ought  to  be  the  case.  It  will  be.  Brooklyn's  growth  within 
tile  past  ten  years  has  been  about  200,000  persons — admitting  her  present  population  to  be 
900,000.  This,  from  a  present  standpoint,  provided  the  two  cities  were  now  one,  would  give 
New  York  a  population  of  2,500,000.  By  the  date  of  the  consolidation,  which,  for  the  purpose 
of  accuracy  we  will  name  as  1900,  New  York's  past  ten  years  of  increase  will  be  at  least 
duplicated  bv  one-half  of  700,000,  or  350,000.  Brooklyn  will  spread  at  least  100,000.  This 
will  give  New  York  a  population  of  2,950,000  souls  in  1900.  If  the  two  cities  go  on  growing 
at    a    combined    rate    of    only    100,000    per   year,    until     1945,    this    will    make    5,000,000   souls,    who. 


82  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

added  to  the  population  of  2,950,000  in  1900,  will  fetch  New  York's  army  up  to  7,950,000  per- 
sons. This  is  not  mere  conjecture.  The  growth  of  the  past  certainly  justifies  the  estimate. 
In  conclusion  let  us  say  that  from  the  time  the  first  man  discovered  the  Island  of  Man- 
hattan, Fate  ordained  that  here  should  rest,  in  lime,  the  grandest  and  largest  city  of  the  Uni- 
verse.      New   York    stands    to-day    as    the 

OPEN  DOOR  TO  NATIONS, 

and    the    port    through   which    the    oppressed    of   all   countries   pass. 

From  the  tip  of  Battery  to  the  northern  line  of  old  Yonkers,  New  York  is  a  growing  mon- 
ument to  modern  civilization,  and  a  city  loved  by  all  law-abiding  men,  to  whom  she  is  fair  and 
liberal    in    turn. 

Finis. 


Business  Houses 


OF- 


,'P 


P 


J^-^.<;^^^^M'- 


'Orjnu^!^ 


_j 


.iifeg 


^ 

—a- 


N  presenting  the  following  pages  to  the  public  only  a  few  words  need  be 
written  to  explain  their  object  or  to  extol  the  city  whose  industries  they 
review. 

Devoted  to  the  general  industrial  interests  of  the  city  of  New  York,  they 
present  in  a  manner  as  intelligent  and  concise  as  possible,  an  interesting  review 
of  its  active  and  representative  business  houses  and  its  recognized  importance 
as  the  greatest  trade  center  of  the  Western  continent. 

The  data  therein  contained  has  been  gleaned  from  the  most  authentic 
sources,  carefully  collated  and  judiciously  revised,  while  the  greatest  care 
has   been   taken   to   render  the  information  thus  obtained   thoroughly    reliable 

and  accurate. 

It   will  be   noticed   that  while   the  leading    houses   in  the  general  lines  of 
business  are  referred  to  at  length,  there  are  also  a  number  of  smaller  houses 
mentioned,  each,  probably,  as  important  in  their  special  departments  of  trade, 
and  therefore  a  part  of  the  general  industrial  interests  of  the  Metropolis. 

As  the  work  is  intended  for  general  circulation  it  is  respectfully  requested  that  those  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  will  place  it  whenever  practicable,  in  such  localities  where  the  best  results  will  accrue 
from  its  perusal.  °3 


Si 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


HAIiSEY  FITCH  &  SON,  Commission  Merchants,  and  Wliolesale  Dealers  in  Butter.  Cheese  and  Egp;.s.  Curni  r 
Greenwich  and  Chambers  .Streets. — An  example  of  the  attainments  that  are  possible  by  a  wise  combinatiou 
of  energy  and  enterprise,  witli  a  thovough  knowledge  of  the  business,  is  to  Ije  seen  in  the  establishing  and 
rapid  growth  of  the  house  of  Messrs.  Halsey  Fitch  &  Son,  commission  merchants  and  wholesale  dealers  in 
butter,  cheese  and  eggs,  occupying  the  large  five-story  building  located  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Chambers  and 
Greenwich  Streets.  This  business  was  established  by  Messrs  Fitch  &  Whitney  in  1888,  who  were  succeeded  in  May, 
1890,  by  the  present  firm.  In  a  little  more  than  three  years  this  house  has  advanced  to  the  front  rank  of  New  York 
commission  houses.  During  that  time  their  business  has  grown  to  a  magnitude  that  is  equaled  by  only  three  or 
four  houses  in  the  same  line  in  New  York.  A  year  or  two  more  of  the  same  progress  will  place  them  in  the  lead  of 
all  their  competitors.  The  gentlemen  comprising  this  firm  are  Mr.  Halsey  Fitch  and  his  son,  Walter  S.  Fitch.  Mr. 
Halsey  Fitch  is  a  native  of  northeastern  Ohio,  now  of  middle  age  and  has  been  engaged  in  business  in  tliis  city  for 
the  past  thirty  years  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years  spent  in  California,  while  his  son,  who  shares  with  himself 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  entire  trade,  is  a  native  of  the  latter  named  state.  The  building  occupied  by  them 
shown  in  the  above  engraving  is  in  the  very  center  of  the  buttei',  cheese  and  egg  trade  and  is  the  most  commanding 
location  in  their  line  of  business  in  New  York.  It  is  in  fact  a  regular  exchange  market  for  all  goods  in  their  line. 
Kvery  convenience  is  provided  for  the  i-ecei  ving,  storing  and  delivery  of  the  heavy  consignments  of  produce  handled, 
including  ample  cold  storage  on  the  premises.  The  extensive  business  they  now  control,  reaching  to  New  England, 
New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  the  Southern  and  Western  States,  is  a  substantial  tribute  to  the  energy  and 
good  judgment  under  which  the  business  is  conducted.  To  those  consigning  goods  in  their  lino  to  the  New  York 
market  we  can  say  with  entire  candor  that  no  house  in  the  country  can  do  better  for  them  th.an  the  above  firm, 
and  to  those  purchasing  we  can  say  with  equal  candor  that  they  can  always  find  there  the  goods  wanted  and  those- 
who  send  tliem  their  orders  will  receive  the  same  fair  and  liberal  treatment  as  if  present  themselves. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


85 


DH.    ROBERTS,    Manufacturer    and    Wholesale     Dealer    in    Window    Glass,     Manufactured    by 
Natural     Gas,    Nos.     159    to     161     South    Fifih    Avenue. — -A    prominent    branch    of    industr)- 
among  our   many    material  resources  serving     to  enhance    the  development  of   this  nation,    is 
that    of   the    manufacture    of    window   glass    of    all    kinds.       A    leading    house    engaged    in    this    line 
is    that   of    D.    H.    Roberts,    with    headquarters    at    Nos.    159   to    16 r    South    Fifth    Avenue,    this   city, 

with    the    factories    located    at     Pittsburg 
and     Jeannette,     Pa.         This      establish- 
I  nient     was     founded     in     1887     by     Mr. 

Mm  Roberts.       The    growth  of    the   establish- 
H 
g  ment  has  been  steady  and  healthful,   and 

^   under    the    liberal,    careful    methods    that 
g   have   characterized  the    administration    of 
1   its   affairs,    it    has  attained    a  widespread 
and  substantial    popularity.       Very  exten- 
sive premises  are  occupied   for    the    purposes    of   the  business,  and   a  very  heavy  stock  is  at  all  times 
carried. 


A  LEADING  SPECIALTY  IS  MADE  OF  WINDOW  AND 


a 


*      *      *      *      ^      * 


*    PICTURE  GLASS,  ALSO  SPECIALLY  SELECTED  GLASS   *      * 


o     FOR  GREEN  HOUSES  AND  CONSERVATORIES. 


The  factories  are  the  most  complete  for  the  manufacture  of  window  glass 
ing  all  the  modern  improvements  and  appli- 
ances known  in  furnaces,  ovens,  etc.  The 
glass  is  superior  to  any  in  this  country 
and  is  guaranteed  to  be  fully  equal  to 
any  made  in  the  world.  Mr.  Roberts 
publi>hes  a  price  list  and  catalogue, 
which  he  sends  free  to  any  address  on 
application.  Orders  from  any  part  of 
the  United  States  are  promptly  filled. 
Mr.  Roberts  is  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  has  had  thorough  experience  in  the 
glass  trade.  He  is  a  progressive,  reliable  and  responsible  business  man 
and,  judging  from    the   success   of   the    past,    he    has    a   bright   and    prosperous 


in  the  world,  contain- 


and    sterling   citizen, 
future. 


86  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


ALGERIA   HEIGHTS  CO.   (Limited), 

215    FcD±,±,ejo    :B-cL±ld-±ixg. 

[Sfe  Cut  on  Opposite  Page.] 

THERE  is  not,  as  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  observe,  any  field  of  financial  investment  that  offers  more 
certain  or  more  snbstantial  retnrns  lor  either  small  or  large  amounts  of  capital  than  realty.  And 
the  reasons,  therefor,  are  manifest.  Being  of  all  commercial  elements  tlie  most  staple  and 
indispensable,  it  is  only  in  the  nature  of  tilings  that  the  shrewd  and  sagacious  everywlieie  should 
favor  houses  and  lands  in  preference  to  all  other  features  of  investment.  The  opportunities  for  placing 
money  to  advantage  on  both  improved  and  unimi)roved  property  are  so  many  and  varied  in  these  days, 
that  it  seems  almost  invidious  to  direct  attention  to  any  one  in  particular,  but  inasmuch  as  the  Algeria 
Heights  Company,  whose  office  is  at  room  No.  21.5  Potter  Building,  are  offering  exceptional  inducements,  special 
mention  is  made  of  the  fact  in  the  present  review  of  New  York's  noteworthy  business  enterprises.  This 
company  has  purchased  two  valuable  tracts  of  land  in  the  Pine  Belt  section  of  New  Jersey,  which  has  within  the 
past  decade  become  justly  famed  as  a  great  sanitarium  for  invalids  and  persons  afflicted  with  lung,  throat  and  ner- 
vous diseases.  Hundreds  of  physicians  are  sending  their  patients  from  all  over  the  country  into  the  Jersey  Pine 
Woods  in  search  of  health  and  strength  that  their  prescriptions  and  drugs  fail  to  impart.  The  sudden  growth  and 
popularity  of  Lakewood  in  a  few  years  lias  been  especially  notable.  What  was  but  a  short  time  since  a  veritable 
"  pine  woods,"  has  been  transformed  into  a  beautiful  and  flouri.shing  city,  possessing  elegantly  appointed,  first- 
class  hotels  and  fashionable  boarding  houses  ;  the  crowd  of  pilgrims  that  came  to  Lakewood  last  season  seeking 
the  health-giving  air  and  beneficent  effects  of  the  "Pine  Woods  aroma"  was  so  great  that  guests  could  not  be 
accommodated,  arrivals  daily  being  compelled  to  find  hospitality  elsewhere.  Several  magnificent  hostelries  are 
now  in  course  of  construction,  and  which,  when  completed,  will  rival  the  finest  hotels  in  New  York.  As  a  natural 
corollary  to  all  the  marvelous  progress  indicated,  land  hereabouts  has  become  correspondingly  valuable,  whereas, 
a  few  years  ago,  it  could  have  been  purchased  at  a  trifling  sum  per  acre.  Realizing  that  the  entire  ridge  of  pine 
wood  lands  in  New  Jersey  known  as  the  "Pine  Belt,"  and  extending  from  Lakewood  to  Barnegat,  possessed  the 
same  sanitary  properties  that  Lakewood  has,  the  Algeria  Heights  Company  purchased  several  hundred  acres  of 
this  same  pine  land,  back  of  old  Barnegat  village,  forty  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  sixty  miles  from  New  Y'ork, 
where  they  propose  to  build  up  a  rival  winter  resort,  to  be  known  as  Algeria  Heights.  The  land  is  located  on  a 
healthful  ridge,  averaging  1-50  feet  above  the  sea,  and  just  far  enough  inland  to  escape  the  raw,  chilling  ocean 
winds,  and  sufficiently  high  and  dry  to  be  absolutely  removed  from  the  possibilities  of  malaria,  thus  making  tlie 
place  one  of  the  most  attractive  and  delightful  locations  for  a  winter  sanitarium  or  a  lovely  summer  resort  in  this 
section.  Desiring  to  bring  this  property  before  the  public  as  rapidly  and  effectively  as  possible,  and  not  spend  a  for- 
tune in  advertising  it,  the  comp.any  have  decided  to  sell  one  thousand  lots,  2.5  x  12.5  feet,  laid  out  in  village  plots, 
with  streets  and  avenues,  at  a  mere  nominal  figure,  the  prices  charged  by  them  for  the  same  not  paying  for  the 
expenditure  incidental  to  surveying,  mapping,  etc.  In  the  furtherance  of  their  project,  the  company  offer  a  war- 
ranty deed  for  a  lot  of  above  dimensions  at  $5.00,  which  sum  scarcely  covers  the  cost  of  improvements.  They  have 
disposed  of  a  large  number  of  these  lots  already,  and  tliere  is  every  indication  that  hotels,  boarding  houses  and 
other  improvements  will  be  immediately  erected  at  Algeria  Heights,  which,  it  is  needless  to  mention,  will  natur- 
ally enhance  the  value  of  these  lots  at  once,  making  the  investment  of  a  most  judicious  nature.  The  company 
will  be  pleased  to  furnish  all  information,  maps,  etc.,  pertaining  to  their  Algeria  Heights'  prosperity  upon  aiiplica- 
tion  in  person  or  by  letter  at  their  office  in  the  Potter  Building.  They  also  have  a  handsome  jiroperty  located  on  a 
beautiful  plateau  about  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  quaint  old  village  of  Toms  River,  and  about  fifty  feet  higher 
than  that  town,  and  between  the  north  and  south  branches  of  the  historic  stream  called  Toms  River.  This  lovely 
spot  has  within  its  limits  magnificent  old  pine  forests,  also  acres  of  cleared  and  cultivated  land,  with  deep,  running 
water  each  side  of  it.  Being  high  and  rolling  ground,  it  is  free  from  malaria,  and  just  far  enough  away  from  the 
chilling  lilasts  of  the  ocean  to  make  it  a  delightful  climate  all  the  year  round.  Old  Barnegat  Bay,  with  its  famous 
fishing,  hunting  and  sailing  privileges,  is  close  at  hand,  and  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  runs  through  the 
property,  and  has  a  station  on  the  ground.  Standing  at  the  railroad  station  you  can  see  pine  forests  in  every 
direction,  from  which  fact  it  derives  its  appropriate  name.  Pine  View.  They  will  sell  a  limited  number  of  these 
lots,  and  only  for  a  limited  time,  at  .$25.00  eacli,  and  there  is  every  indication  that  they  will  bring  $.50.00  within  the 
present  year.  There  is  probably  no  opportunity  in  New  Jersey  or  in  the  vicinity  of  New  Y'ork  and  Philadelphia, 
where  persons  with  limited  means  can  have  an  opportunity  to  invest  so  small  a  sum  and  realize  such  handsome 
profits  as  they  can  by  investing  in  either  of  these  properties.  Those  wlio  purchase  first  will  buy  the  cheapest. 
For  particulars  in  regard  to  the  "Pine  View,"  property,  address  :  Pine  View  Company  [Limited],  No.  215  Potter 
Builcling. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


87 


88  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK, 

HOFF.MAX  HOUSE,  Broadway,  Madison  Square.— The  Hotrman  House  is  one  of  the  representative  institu- 
tions and  a  feature  of  tlie  American  metropolis,  combining  in  the  most  perfect  manner  every  comfort,  ele- 
gance anal  convenience  with  the  refined  and  quiet  atmosphere  of  the  best  circles  of  home  life.  It  was  estab- 
lished in  1863  and  has  always  been  a  favorits  stopping-place  for  the  eminent  in  every  profession  and  those 
most  prominent  in  public  life.  Repeated  enlargements  of  this  fine  hotel  have  at  different  periods  been  necessitated 
to  meet  the  grow'  ig  demands  of  t)ie  public,  and  it  is  no\y  one  of  the  largest  on  the  continent.  Its  interior  arrange- 
ments, appointments  and  furnishings  are  all  of  the  finest,  and  under  most  able  management,  the  Hoffman  is 
known  at  home  and  abroad  as  the  best  kept,  most  elegant  and  popular  hotel  in  the  coinitry.  The  original  pro- 
prietors were  Messrs.  Wall  &  Reed  in  I.SO:!;  the  firm,  later  on,  became  Mitchell  &  Reed,  which  continued  until  1871, 
when  Mr.  Mitchell  retired  and  became  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Brunswick.  In  ISSO  Mr.  Edward  S.  Stokes  purchased 
controlling  interest.  The  Hoffman  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of  architectural  work,  its  solid  and  ornate  marble 
front  rising  to  a  height  of  eight  stories,  on  the  Twenty-fifth  Street  side,  while  the  main  entrance  is  on  Broadway, 
and  extending  through  the  block  from  Twenty-fourth  to  Twenty-fifth  Streets.  There  are  upwards  of  tliree  hundred 
and  fifty  rooms  for  guests  with  four  dining  halls  on  the  first  floor,  two  for  gentlemen  and  two  for  ladies  and  gen- 
tlemen, with  a  private  banquet  hall  on  the  second  floor,  all  conducted  on  the  European  plan.  Every  modern  acces- 
sory of  the  decorator,  the  cabinet  maker  and  the  upholsterer,  have  been  utilized,  and  the  house  is  a  beautiful  and 
artistic  exhibit  of  the  most  advanced  achievements  in  the  above  lines.  On  the  parlor  floor  is  a  suite  of  spacious 
rooms  decorated  in  the  Jloorish,  Persian,  Indian  and  Turkish  styles,  each  with  its  original  distinctive  features, 
and  having  no  counterparts  elsewhere  in  the  United  States.  Marble  wainscots  and  stair-cases,  mosaic  tiled  floors, 
frescoed  ceilings,  mahogany  finish  and  decorated  walls  with  furniture  in  keeping,  characterize  the  apartments  and 
corridors  of  this  palatial  hotel.  It  embraces  every  modern  improvement,  including  electric  lights,  safety  passen- 
ger elevator,  steam  heat,  electric  bells,  Turkish  baths,  barber  .shop,  telegraph  office  and  news  stand,  billiard  hall, 
and  all  the  accessories  to  complete  hotel  life;  while  the  cafe  is  the  finest  in  the  world.  This  noble  apartment  is 
famed  on  both  continents  for  its  master  pieces  of  sculpture,  its  superb  paintings — including  "The  Nymphs  and 
Satyr,"  by  the  great  master  jjainter  Bougerea.  The  cuisine  of  the  Hoffman  is  made  the  constant  study  of  the 
most  famous  caterers,  and  a  French  chef  and  an  experienced  staff  of  assistants  meet  the  demands  of  the  elaborate 
bills  of  fare  for  which  the  house  is  so  widely  renowned.  In  fact,  the  great  feature  of  the  bouse  is  in  its  cuisine, 
which  is  unsurpassed  and  rarely  equaled  on  the  continent.  Many  notable  dinners  and  banquets  are  held  here  in 
honor  of  the  great  men  in  every  branch  of  public,  literary,  military  and  theatrical  life;  and  the  most  celebrated 
statesmen  and  diplomats  of  the  present  day  have  been,  and  are,  guests  of  the  Hoffman  when  in  New  York.  It  is 
the  beau  ideal  home  for  gentlemen — the  most  advanced  of  its  kind  in  America,  while  its  praises  are  ever  to  be 
sung  by  both  sexes  all  over  the  world.  Edward  S.  Stokes  is  a  host  among  a  thousand;  the  valued  friend  and  con- 
fidante of  public  men  past  and  present;  a  genial,  whole-souled  entertainer,  who  understands  how  to  meet  the 
wants  of  the  most  critical  and  fastidious  of  guests,  and  who  has  made  the  Hoffman  the  "  Mecca"  for  all  who  ap- 
preciate good  living. 

TTTLAS  RUBBER  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  Druggists'  Rubber   Goods,  J.  Fred  Doty,   Eugene   Herbert, 
/u-l      Proprietors,  No.  241  Greenwich  Street. — Keeping  pace  with  the  march  of  progress  in  science  and  art,  mai'- 
/  X     velous  advance  has  been  made  in  the  manufacture  of  India  rubber  articles.    And  this  is  true  in  an  especial 
•  manner  as  to  the  particular  branch  of  the  industry  devoted  to  the  production  of  medical,  surgical  and  phar- 

maceutical specialties.  What  with  discovery,  invention  and  iraijrovenients,  a  degree  of  excellence  akin  to  perfec- 
tion has  been  attained  in  the  useful  appliances  indicated  by  some  of  our  leading  rubber  goods  m^.nufacturers, 
notably  the  Atlas  Rubber  Company,  of  No.  241  Greenwich  Street.  They  are  manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  druggists' 
rubber  goods,  and  sole  proprietors  of  Mattson's  specialties,  and  their  productions  are  not  only  in  extensive  and 
increasing  demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  but  are  exported  also  to  South 
America,  England,  Spain,  and  other  countries  of  continental  Europe.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  noted 
concerns  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  and  fully  sustains  its  high  reputation  for  reliable  and  superior  articles;  and 
their  productions,  which  are  standard  goods,  recommended  by  physicians,  surgeons  and  scientists,  are  surpassed  in 
no  feature  of  merit  by  anything  in  their  line  to-day  on  the  market.  This  prosperous  business  was  established  in  1851 
by  M.  Mattson,  who  conducted  the  same  up  to  18SS,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Messrs.  J.  Fred  Doty  and  Eugene 
Herbert,  the  present  proprietors,  under  whose  experienced  management  it  has  since  been  continued  with  uninter- 
rupted success.  Their  business  has  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  they  have  had  to  move  to  more  commodious 
quarters,  which  they  found  at  No.  241  Greenwich  Street,  where  they  occupy  spacious  and  well  equipped  premises, 
consisting  of  a  building,  25  x  100  feet  in  size,  containing  a  commodious  basement,  store,  and  two  lofts,  and  employ 
all  told  some  fifty  hands,  with  several  representatives  on  the  road  besides,  and  a  permanent  agent  in  London.  The 
salesroom  (^-larters  are  compact,  ample  and  neatly  arranged,  while  a  large  and  multifarious  asscutment  is  con- 
stantly carried  in  stock  here,  including  everything  comprehended  in  druggists"  rubber  goods,  and  a  full  line  of 
Mattson's  specialties,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  attention.  The  most  liberal  inducements  are  offered  to  the 
trade,  rock  bottom  figures  being  quoted,  and  price  lists,  etc.,  are  mailed  upon  application,  all  correspondence  relat- 
ing to  business  receiving  iirompt  response.  Messrs.  Doty  and  Herbert  are  both  gentlemen  of  middle  age,  and  New 
Yorkers  by  birth.  They  are  men  of  ample  experience,  as  well  as  energy  and  enterprise,  and  have  a  minute  knowl- 
edge of  the  business  in  its  every  phase,  Mr.  Doty  having  been  formerly  manager  for  Mr.  Mattson  for  fifteen  years. 


HISTOEY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK 


89 


80  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

'T'OHN  WYGAND  &  CO,,  Importers  of  Crockery,  China,  Glassware,  Majolica,  German  Fancy  Goods,  Etc.,  No. 
/Q  I  50  and  58  I'ark  Place. — An  uninterrupted  career  of  prosperity  extending;  over  a  period  of  tliirty-seven  years 
I  I  marks  the  history  of  the  widely  and  favorably  known  firm  of  John  Wygand  &  Co.,  importers  of  and  whole- 
^-'  sale  dealers  in  crockery,  chiiia,  glassw.are,  etc.,  Nos.  56  and  58  I'ark  Tlace.  The  house  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  foremost  in  this  line  in  New  York,  and  maintains  a  reputation  for  fine  goods  and  honorable  dealing,  second  to 
none.  The  business  of  the  conc.^-n,  too,  is  very  large,  the  trade  extending  all  over  the  country,  giving  evidence 
of  steady,  material  increase,  the  retail  department  receiving  a  very  substantial  patronage.  The  firm,  who  are 
direct  importers  from  the  leading  jjotteries  of  Europe,  handle  only  strictly  first-class  productions,  every  article 
offered  for  sale  by  them  being  warranted  as  represented,  while  rock-bottom  prices  are  quoted.  Exceptional 
inducements  are  offered  to  the  trade,  the  bouse  being  conducted  on  liberal  and  progressive  business  principles,  and 
persons  having  dealings  with  this  popular  and  responsible  firm  are  assured  of  finding  the  same  both  pleasant  and 
pro^table.  The  premises  occupied  as  office  and  salesrooms  are  spacious,  commodious  and  attractively  arranged— a 
magnificent  display  being  made — and  every  department  is  rejilete  with  beautiful,  rich,  rare  and  serviceable  arti- 
cles. A  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  constantly  carried  on  hand  here,  and  a  barge  force  of  clerks,  salesmen, 
porters,  etc.,  are  employed,  the  staff  in  the  establishment  numbering  over  twenty,  while  several  representatives  ai'e 
kept  on  the  road,  in  addition.  The  stock,  which  is  at  once  extensive,  elegant  and  complete,  comprises  everything 
in  the  lines  above  indicated,  including  a  number  of  new  an<l  exclusive  novelties  in  art  pottery,  cut  glass  and 
majolica  ware,  exquisite  china  tea  sets,  superb  porcelains,  Sevres  and  Dresden  ware  in  artistic  designs  and  deli- 
cate workmanship,  liandsome  Bohn  vases,  English  printed  ware,  splendid  productions  in  Queensware,  crockery  in 
great  variety,  hotel,  bar  and  table  glassware  of  all  kinds;  lava  articles,  German  fancy  goods,  art  novelties,  cutlery 
and  plated  ware,  kitchen  specialties  and  a  mnltifaiious  collection  of  useful  and  ornamental  w.ares.  Mr.  Wygand, 
who  is  the  sole  proprietor,  is  a  gentleman  somewhat  past  the  meridian  of  life,  but  active  and  energetic,  was  born 
in  Germany,  and  has  been  a  respected  resident  of  Brooklyn  for  forty-two  years.  He  started  in  business  at  No- 
56  John  Street,  in  1854,  moving  to  36  Murray  Street  some  years  later,  and  has  been  at  the  present  location  since 
1881. 

THOMSON-HOUSTON  ELECTRIC  COMPANY,  No.  620  Atlantic  Avenue,  Boston,  Mass.,  H.  N.  Curtis  and 
C.  R.  Dean,  Agents,  No.  115  Broadway. — A  most  interesting  feature  of  the  progress  of  the  city  and  the  age 
is  the  very  general  adoption  of  electricity  for  lighting  and  power.  No  argument  is,  of  course,  necessary  to 
prove  its  superiority  for  illuminating  purposes,  and  in  a  multiplicity  of  ways,  it  is  being  applied  to  super- 
sede mech.anical  power.  Properly  installed,  an  electric  plant  is  a  more  satisfactory  insurance  risk  in  a  building 
than  any  other  illuminant.  Particularly  is  this  the  ease  in  such  a  place  as  a  flouring  mill,  where  the  floating  dust 
is  .almost  .as  infl.immable  as  gunpowder.  In  the  foremost  position  in  this  field  stands  the  Thomson-Houston 
Electric  Company,  a  Connecticut  corporation  with  its  headquarters  in  Boston,  and  factories  at  Lyini,  Massachu- 
setts, employing  about  three  thousand  men.  They  are  represented  in  this  city  by  Messrs.  H.  N.  Curtis  and  C.  K. 
Dean,  agents  for  eastern  New  York,  northern  New  .Jersey,  Long  Island  and  western  Connecticut,  with  offices  at 
No.  115  Broadway.  The  Thomson-Houston  Electric  Company  was  organized  in  1882,  with  a  capital  of  $100,(IO\ 
To-day  its  authorized  capital  is  $10,000,000  common  and  §5,000,000  preferred  stock.  Its  officers  are  H.  A.  Pevear, 
president;  C.  A.  Coffin,  vice-president  and  manager;  E.  I.  Garfield,  secretary.  The  New  York  office  was  opened 
by  Mr.  II.  N.  Curtis  early  in  1884,  and  in  1886  Mr.  C.  R.  Dean  became  a  partner.  From  small  beginnings,  their 
business  has  grown  to  large  proportions,  and  they  have  now  in  operation  and  under  contract  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant electric  installations  in  the  country.  Notable  among  these  is  the  plant  in  operation  in  the  magnificent 
new  building  of  the  Music  Hall  Company  at  Fifty-seventh  .Street  and  Seventh  Avenue,  consisting  of  about  five 
thousand  lights,  over  three  thousand  of  which  are  a  part  of  the  interior  decorations,  the  balance  being  on  specially 
designed  fixtures.  Tiffany  &  Co.  have  a  lighting  and  motor  jilant,  running  their  entire  machinery  by  electric 
power.  Large  electric  plants  are  going  in  for  the  American  Manufacturing  Company  (jute  manufacturers),  and 
the  Wilson  Steamship  Company,  of  Brooklyn,  including  lights  and  electric  hoists  for  handling  freight  from  the 
ships.  The  absolutely  aiitom.atic  regulation  and  high  class  meclianical  construction  of  the  Thomson-Houston 
.apparatus,  as  well  .as  the  financial  responsibility  and  reputation  for  fair  dealing  of  the  company  h.as  enabled  it  to 
take  and  hold  the  lead  in  the  face  of  all  competition.  The  company,  moreover,  manufactures  apparatus  for  all 
lighting  and  power  puri)Oses,  such  as  are  and  incandescent  lighting,  railway  equipment,  mill  tr.annvays,  electric 
hoists,  elevators,  pumps,  mining  locomotives,  drills,  search  lights,  current  meters,  etc.,  etc.:  in  fact,  is  prepared  to 
furnish  a  complete  lighting  and  power  pl.ant  for  every  purpose.  More  than  one-half  of  the  entire  lighting  and 
power  business  of  the  country  is  done  by  this  company  or  its  allied  companies.  It  h.as  r.ailw.ays  in  oi)eration  in 
Brooklyn,  Jersey  City,  Passaic,  Newark  and  other  ne.ar  at  h.and  cities,  and  lighting  stations  in  almost  every  city  and 
town  in  this  vicinity.  Messrs.  Curtis  and  Dean  are  thoroughly  fitted  by  training  and  experience  to  undert.ake  contracts 
of  any  nature  in  their  field,  giving  their  close  personal  attention  to  all  details,  and  having  associated  with  them  a 
staff  of  energetic  and  capable  young  men.  Their  endeavor  is  to  m.ake  every  installation  thoroughly  satisfactory 
and  of  the  highest  class  as  to  workmanship  and  material,  and  their  record  in  this  respect  is  such  as  to  warrant  the 
confidence  and  patronage  of  a  discriminating  public. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


01 


Forty-Second  Street,  Showing  Grand  Central  Depot. 

GEORGE  D.  WAGXER,  Irapoiter  of  Upholstery  Goods,  Lace  Curtains,  Etc.,  Xo.  221  CanrJ  Street.— An  emi- 
nent, trusted  and  pronouncedly  prosperous  importing  house  in  the  upholstery  Roods  line  is  that  of  Mr. 
CJeorge  D.  Wagner,  of  No.  221  Canal  Street,  founded  thirteen  years  ago  by  Messi-s.  Ryer  &  Wagner,  and  for 
the  past  four  years  under  the  able  management,  as  sole  proprietor,  of  the  gentleman  by  whose  name  it  is  so 
widely  known  among  jobbers  in  all  parts  of  the  Union,  with  whom  it  does  business  on  an  extensive  scale.  The 
house  is  famed  for  the  essentially  high  grades  of  the  goods  it  imports,  for  the  excellent  judgment  displayed  in 
their  selection  and  for  the  relatively  low  prices  it  is  enabled  to  quote;  the  extent  of  its  tradins  securing  for  it  the 
most  favorable  terms  from  the  great  European  manuf.acturing  cmcerns;  v.hile  it  also  induces  the  priiicii)al  to  con- 
tent himself  with  a  small  margin  of  profit,  in  view  of  the  large  annual  turn-over  resulting.  That  tlit-  transactions 
of  the  house  are  of  great  proportions,  and  the  goods  handled  of  the  high  quality  referred  to,  is  abundantly  sub- 
stantiated ujiou  a  visit  of  inspection  to  its  establishment.  This  consists  of  two  floors  and  a  liaspment,  the  ground 
floor  being  40  x  80  feet  in  expanse,  and  that  above,  .50  x  10.5  feet  in  amplitude,  and  both  replete  with  a  great  wealth 
of  choice  fabrics  of  the  kind  named,  while  twenty  experienced  clerks  and  salesmen  are  ever  busily  engaged  in 
the  clerical  and  executive  work  involved  by  so  far-reaching  a  business.  The  proprietor,  to  whose  well-directed 
enterprise  and  close  application,  backed  by  trained  judgment,  the  success  of  the  house  is  solely  due,  is  a  young  man 
of  Xew  Toi-k  birth. 


92 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


FAHYS  WATCH  CASE  CO.,  No.  41  Maiden  Lane.— As  in  everything  else,  the  last  half  centnry  has  seen  vast 
improvements  in  the  manufacture  of  watch  cases,  and  this  impiirtant  industry  has  made  rapid  and  remarka- 
ble strides  in  the  right  direction,  especially  in  this  country,  during  the  period  mentioned.  Our  American 
watch  cases  are  recognized  far  superior  to  those  manufactured  by  the  most  celebrated  European  liouses, 
and  are  general  favorites  with  the  trade  and  public  in  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  Much  of  the  ciedit  for  the 
improved  condition  of  this  industry  is  due  to  tlie  Fahys  Watch  Case  Co.,  wliose  factory  is  located  at  Sag  Harbor, 
N.  Y.,  and  who  are  represented  in  this  city  by  Messrs.  Joseph  Fahys  &  Co.,  at  No.  41  Maiden  Lane.  The  founda- 
tion of  this  extensive  business  was  laid  in  1SJ7  by  Mr.  Joseph  Fahys,  the  present  head  of  the  house.  This  gentle- 
man was  born  in  Alsace,  and  came  to  America  in  1848.  He  learned  his  trade  while  a  boy  at  West  Hoboken,  in  tlie 
shop  of  Ulysses  Savoy,  where  he  served  an  apprenticesliip  of  five  years,  working  as  a  journeyman  four  years  more, 
and  then  purchased  the  business  of  his  old  employer,  thereby  succeeding  the  pioneer  and  only  really  successful 
watch  case  maker  in  tliis  country  prior  to  this  time.  In  1801,  on  account  of  the  increasing  demands  of  his  business, 
Mr.  Fahys  found  it  necessary  to  manufacture  on  a  larger  scale,  and  accordingly  built  a  factory  at  Carlstadt,  N.  J. 
This  was  soon  superseded  by  the  present  mammoth  works  at  Sag  Harbor.  The  Fahys  Watch  Case  Co.  was  in- 
corporated in  ISSl,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  operates  salesrooms  at  New  York,  Chicago,  Cin- 
cinnati and  San  Franciso.  The  leading  specialties  of  the  company  are  tlie  "  Monarch,"  a  fourteen-karat  filled 
case,  and  the  "  Montank,"  a  ten-karat  case;  both  of  wliich  are  equal  in  all  essential  features  to  the  solid  gold  cases. 
This  company  long  ago  learned  tliat  the  best  way  to  distance  competition  is  to  entirely  forget  it  in  the  supreme 
effort  to  do  their  level  best  to  satisfy  their  customers  and  themselves.  Acting  on  this  principle,  they  have  made 
their  fourteen-karat  filled  cases  not  to  equal  or  even  surpass  the  work  of  any  competitor,  but  to  equal  in  style, 
finish  and  wearing  qualities  a  solid  fourteen-karat  gold  case.  Tliis  high  standard  has  necessitated  an  entire  change 
in  their  Monarch  cases,  requiring  new  sliapes,  new  ornamentations  and  new  tools.  They  now  believe  they  can  so 
satisfy  their  customers  with  the  goods,  that  they  will  be  justified  iu  recommeuding  them  as  equal  iu  all  essential 
features  to  the  solid  fourteen-karat 
gold  case.  Of  course  the  Fahys  ^SZI^S 
name  is  sufficient  guarantee  that 
the  Monarch  case  will  wear  equal 
to  anything  on  the  market.  The 
company  stand  back  of  them  for 
twenty-one  years.  The  latest  de- 
signs are  not  only  original,  but  new. 
It  would  take  an  expert  to  distin- 
guish them  from  solid  gold,  four- 
teen-karat cases  of  the  finest  make. 
The  company  challenge  contradic- 
tion in  making  the  statement  that 
this  is  the  most  compact  filled 
hunting  case  ever  shown.  They 
are  hand  engraved  of  course,  and 
done  by  the  best  workmen  in  the 
country.  A  complete  change  has 
been  made  in  putting  the  vermi- 
celli border  on  tliese  cases,  and  tlie 

results  are  equal  to  gold  cases.  Comparison  with  like  cases  of  any  otlier  make  will  show  the  superiority  of  the 
'•  Fahys."  The  delicacy  of  the  designs  used  for  the  engravings  is  beyond  compare.  The  Monarch  screw  case  is  so 
well  known  as  to  need  no  introduction.  The  shapes  and  designs  are,  however,  all  new,  and  the  case  has  been 
entirely  remodeled.  Its  durability,  economy  and  dust-proof  qualities  are  conceded  liy  all.  The  goods  now  offered 
in  tliis  line  show  considerable  advance  over  the  styles  and  shapes  of  the  previous  output,  while  tlie  new  color  pleases 
everybody.  The  designs  include  subjects  from  Landseer,  Rosa  Bonheur  and  Millet,  and  inthe  same  variety  of  style 
as  the  hunting  cases.  Here  are  also  many  ne«v,  graceful  and  delicate  designs  for  ladies'  watches.  The  Montank  cases 
sell  almost  faster  than  they  can  be  manufactured,  and  are  probalily  as  well  known  among  retail  jewelers  as  any  case 
on  the  market.  Constant  improvement  has  stimulated  the  demand  for  them  and  no  jeweler  considers  liis  stock  com- 
plete without  them.  These  goods  compare  in  finish,  color  and  style  with  fourteen-karat  filled  cases  of  other  makes. 
They  are  a  plump,  ten-karat  filled  case  tlironghout,  and  a  fifteen  year  guarantee  goes  with  each  case.  The  Montank 
screw  cases  are  a  staple  article,  and  the  designs  put  upon  tliem  are  calculated  to  make  them  sjiecially  attractive. 
Their  tasty  line  of  engravings  in  dome  shape  is  all  new  and  well  worth  looking  at.  The  Fahys  silver  screw  cases  are 
guaranteed  to  outwear  any  other  case  made.  There  is  no  trouble  to  get  at  the  movement  either  at  the  front  or  back. 
The  Fahys  fancy  engraved  open  face  and  hunting  Monarch  silver  cases  are  models  of  beauty  and  fine  work.  These 
cases  are  staple  articles  all  over  the  world.  The  demands  of  joljbers  are  promptly  and  carefully  met.  and  every 
advantage  known  to  the  trade  is  granted  to  patrons  of  this  old  .and  honored  house.  The  members  of  the  firm  of 
Joseph  F.ahys  &  Co.,  are  Messrs.  Josejih  Fahys.  Henry  F.  Cook  and  George  E.  Faliys.  Tlie  senior  partner  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Jewelers'  Bo.ard  of  Trade  of  this  city,  and  during  the  first  two  years  of  its  existence  was  its 
presiding  officer.  He  was  also  the  first  president  of  the  Watch  Case  Manufacturers'  Association,  and  has  since  been 
twice  re-elected  to  that  position.  Mr.  Cook  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  while  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Fahys,  a  son  of  the 
senior  partner  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and  both  unite  tlieir  energy  .and  vigor  with  the  ripe  experience  of  the  honored 
founder  of  the  house  to  form  a  firm  of  commanding  infiueuce,  wide  popularity  and  solid  worth. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  &3 

NEW  YORK  RUBBER  COMrAXY,  Manufacturers  of  Vulcanized  Uul.ljcr  Ciiiods,  Ailapted  to  Mechanical  and 
Manufacturing  Purposes,  also  Rubber  Balls,  Dolls,  Toys,  Rattles,  Etc.,  Warehouse  and  Office,  Nos.  84  and 
86  Reade,  Corner  Church  Street.— In  the  whole  history  of  the  maich  of  jirogiess  in  the  arts  and  manufac- 
tures in  modern  times  there  is,  perhaps,  to  be  found  no  parallel  to. the  marvellous  advance  made  in  the  India 
r.ubber  industry.  This  is  true  of  the  special  line  devoted  to  the  production  of  tlie  particular  articles  used  fur  mechan- 
ical and  kindred  |)urposes  in  whicli  a  liish  dej^ree  of  perfection  has  been  attained.  Wliat  witli  discovery  in  chemical 
processes  in  the  preparation  of  the  material,  new  and  improved  metliods  in  manufacturing,  and  years  of  experiment 
and  sustained  effort,  the  belting,  packing,  hose,  etc.,  turned  out  by  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers  are  nothing 
less  than  a  triumph  of  science  and  art.  And  while  on  the  subject  here  under  review  attention  is  naturally  directed 
to  the  productions  of  the  New  York  Rubber  Company  which  are  goods  of  exceptional  merit,  and  of  whose  superi- 
ority no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced,  assuredly,  than  the  distinct  recognition  they  receive  the  world 
over.  This  widely  known  and  noteworthy  concern,  which  is  one  of  the  very  oldest,  as  well  as  one  of  the  largest 
of  the  kind  in  the  country,  manufacture  a  great  variety  of  vulcani:5ed  rubber  articles  adapted  to  general  mechan- 
ical and  manufacturing  purposes.  They  are  also  sole  manufacturers  of  a  general  line  of  balls,  dolls,  toys,  rattles, 
etc.,  and  are  the  only  house  in  the  United  States  competing  in  prices  and  goods  with  the  French  and  German  pro- 
ductions in  this  line,  and  altogether  their  products  command  an  enormous  sale  throughout  the  American 
continent,  while  they  are  shipped  extensively,  likewise,  through  export  commission  merchants  to  South  America 
and  Europe.  The  New  York  Rubber  Company,  of  which  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Acken  is  president  and  treasurer;  John  P. 
Rider,  vice-president,  and  Rufus  A.  Brown,  secretary,  was  incorporated  and  commenced  business  in  18.51,  and  has 
a  paid-up  capital  of  $.S0O,OO0.  The  factories,  which  are  located  at  Matteawan,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  cover  about 
twenty-five  acres  of  ground,  and  are  a  perfer;tly  equipped  plant  in  every  respect,  all  the  latest  improved  machinery, 
appliances  and  general  appurtenances  being  in  service.  The  premises  occupied  as  warehouse  and  office  at  Nos.  84 
and  80  Reade  Street,  this  city,  are  spacious,  commodious  and  excellently  appointed,  and  a  vast  and  varied  assort- 
ment of  goods  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  here,  including  machine  belting,  hydrant  hose,  engine  hose,  suction 
hose,  steam  hose,  steam  packing  gaskets,  tubing,  valves,  valve  balls,  car  and  wagon  springs,  grain  drill  tubes, 
billiard  cushions,  rubber  ankle  rolls,  etc.;  also  rubber  balls,  dolls,  toys,  rattles  and  a  multifarious  collection  of  rub- 
ber specialties.  The  company  have  unequaled  facilities  for  the  production  of  articles  to  be  made  in  molds,  andean 
execute  the  largest  orders  at  short  notice,  all  communications  of  a  business  nature  addressed  to  P.  O.  Box  1160, 
receiving  prompt  response.  With  their  immense  resources,  extensive  and  perfect  manufacturing  facilities,  and 
their  manifest  advantages,  the  New  York  Rubber  Company  are  in  a  position  to  offer  inducements  unprecedented  in 
the  history  of  the  trade,  quoting  exception.ally  low  prices,  for  the  high  quality  of  goods  which  they  produce. 


THE  G.  WRIGHT  YOUNG  COMPANY,  No.  .50  Broadway.— One  of  the  ingenious  and  valuable  devices  of  this 
modei'n  utilitarian  age  is  "  The  Gardner  "  Steel  Sash  Ribbon  Pulleys  and  Attachments,  manufactured  by 
the  G.  Wright  Young  Company,  of  this  city,  whose  main  office  is  located  at  No.  50  Broadway,  New  York, 
with  factory  at  Morris,  111.,  also  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  for  ribbon.  These  are  absolutely  the  best,  most 
economical  and  improved  fixtures  for  hanging  window  sash  ever  introduced.  The  G.  Wright  Young  Company  was 
incorporated  March  2,  1891,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  and  with  G. 
Wright  Young,  president  and  treasurer;  A.  B.  Imgland,  secretary  pro  tem.  They  give  employment  to  two  hundred 
skilled  hands  in  their  factory,  and  ,are  rapidly  extending  their  business  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  "  The  Gardner  "' 
consists  of  a  steel  ribbon  expressly  manufactured  for  the  purpose.  It  is  galvanized  to  prevent  rust,  and  weather, 
cold  or  hot,  has  no  effect  on  the  steel  ribbon.  It  is  attached  to  the  sash  and  weights,  and  runs  over  a  pulley  the 
same  as  a  sash  cord.  It  presents  a  neat  appearance,  and  can  be  painted.  It  cannot  get  out  of  order  or  wear  out,  and 
being  a  perfect  balance,  the  heaviest  windows  can  be  raised  or  lowered  with  the  greatest  ease  by  a  child.  Its  ten- 
sile strength  is  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  pounds  to  the  square  inch,  and  its  elastic  limit  is  more  than  two- 
thirds  its  tensile  strength.  This  is  not  a  spring  balance.  With  it  any  window  or  door,  weighing  from  five  to  five 
tliousand  pounds  can  be  hung  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  the  ribbon  is  so  constructed  that  its  strength  is 
not  impaired  at  any  point.  It  is  adopted  and  used  in  such  prominent  buildings  as  the  Edison  Building,  the  J.  L. 
Mott  Iron  Works,  the  Mail  and  Express,  the  public  schools,  the  new  Astor  Hotel,  Judge  Dugro's  Hotel,  King's 
85  House  Block  at  138th  Street,  the  Tower  Building,  the  Insane  Asylum,  and  the  new  court  house  in  this  city; 
and  in  the  offices  of  the  C.  B.  &  Q.  Railroad,  J.  V.  F.arwell's  Buildings,  Illinois  National  Bank,  First  National  B.ank, 
Commercial  National  Bank,  and  other  buildings  in  Chicago  and  the  west  generally,  and  is  in  growing  demand  in  all 
parts  of  the  world.  Sample  windows  are  put  in  free  of  cost  on  application  from  architects  and  builders.  A  corps 
of  ten  experienced  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  company  upon  the  road,  and  all  orders  receive  prompt 
and  careful  attention.  Mr.  Young,  the  president  of  the  company,  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  and  served  two  years  as 
a  lieutenant  in  the  Fourth  New  York  Aitillery  during  the  w.ar.  He  also  w.as  a  memlier  of  the  Seventh  Regiment, 
National  Guard  of  New  York,  and  belongs  to  its  Veteran  Club.  Mr.  Imgland,  the  secretary  pro  tem.  is 
also  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  and  botli  I'Piitlemcn  ilevote  close  personal  attention  to  the  .advancement  of  the 
business  of  this  company,  insuring  its  future  prosperity  and  success  by  their  intelligent  enterprise  and  honor.ablc 
methods. 


94 


HISTORY  AND  COMJIERCE  OP  NEW  YORK 


Fifth  Avenue,  Showing  Windsor  Hotel.     [See  article  on  opposite  page.] 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


95 


VILLIAM  SCHAUS,  Imiiorter  of  Paintings,  Engravings  and  Artists'  Materials,  No.  204  Fifth  Avunne. A 
ni.irktHi  improvenuMit  has  been  observable  recently  in  the  trade  in  the  fine  arts,  more  especially  in  the 
branch  devoted  to  high-class  paintings,  abundantly  indicative  of  the  increasing  appreciation  in  refined 
circles  for  the  works  of  painters  of  genius.  The  cultured  public  of  the  United  States  lias  in  fact  come 
to  l:e  more  and  more  cnnsidered  by  eminent  foreign  painters  as  their  best  patrons,  and  thus  it  is  that  an  increasino- 
number  of  the  finest  and  most  celebrated  works  are  sent  to  this  market  to  find  purchasers.  One  of  the  finest 
and  best  patronized  galleries  in  New  York  is  that  so  long  conducted  by  Mr.  William  Schaus,  at  No.  204  Fifth 
Avenue.  This  house  has  a  wide-spread  reputation  in  the  importation  of  paintings,  engravings  and  artists' 
materials.  The  business  was  established  in  1851,  by  Mr.  William  Schaus,  who  placed  the  enterprise  upon  a  solid 
and  permanent  foundation  and  retired  from  active  business  in  18S6,  being  succeeded  by  his  nephews,  Mr.  Herm.au 
Scliaus,  and  Mr.  Augustus  W.  Conover.  With  wise  discrimination  they  selected  their  present  advantageous  loca- 
tion on  Madison  Square,  absolutely  central  to  tlie  fashionable  circles  of  the  metropolis,  and  continue  the  business 
under  the  honored  name  of  its  founder.  They  occupy  an  entire  four-story  building,  divided  into  two  public  gal- 
leries, spacious  salesrooms  and  manufacturing  departments  for  picture  frames,  gilding,  etc.  The  paintings  hung 
here  include  over  three  hundred  of  the  great  masters'  works,  while  the  proprietors  make  freciuent  trips  to  Paris  and 
London  to  secure  the  latest  specimens  of  the  modern  school  for  this  market.  The  frequent  iniijortation  of  modern 
paintings  renders  this  gallery  tlie  most  attractive  in  the  city.  To  the  collector  of  works  of  art  no  house  in  the 
country  offers  more  substantial  inducements,  and  it  always  proves  a  safe  investment  to  purchase  here.  The 
assortment  of  artists'  materials  is  very  complete  and  liberally  patronized  by  devotees  of  the  brush  and  pencil, 
while  gilding  and  framing  find  here  most  charming  exemplars.  Messrs.  Schaus  and  Conover  are  both  native  New 
Yorkers,  who  have  with  their  natural  aptitude  for  the  fine  arts  and  wide  range  of  experience,  become  recognized 
as  authorities  upon  the  merits  and  valur;  of  paintings  from  both  the  old  and  modern  school,  and  the  utmost  con- 
fidence can  be  i)laced  in  their  representations  and  judgment. 

THE  WINDSOR,  Hawk  &  Wetherbee,  Proprietors,  Fifth  Avenue,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Streets. — It  is 
generally  admitted  in  the  best  circles  of  New  York  society  that  the  greatest  consummation  of  hospitable 
ideas  with  practical  business  methods  and  marked  ability  of  management  is  embodied  in  "  The  Windsor." 
above  and  beyond  any  other  hotel  in  the  metropolis.  This  magnificent  hotel  was  thrown  open  to  the  pub- 
lic in  1S73,  under  the  auspices  of  Messrs.  Samuel  Hawk  and  Gardner  Wetherbee,  both  of  whom  were  well-known 
hotel  men,  whose  large  practical  experience  had  rendereil  them  recognized  authorities.  The  house  was  at  once 
placed  upon  a  solid  and  popular  basis,  and  has  steadily  retained  the  acknowledged  supremacy  among  New  York 
hotels  down  to  the  present  day.  The  honored  senior  proprietor,  Mr.  Hawk,  died  in  ISSl,  and  his  nephew,  Mr.  W. 
S.  Hawk,  succeeded  to  his  interest.  The  Windsor  is  an  imposing  structure,  seven  stories  high,  fronting  2(X)  feet  on 
Fifth  Avenue  and  extending  to  a  depth  of  ISO  feet  on  both  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Streets,  and  contains  five 
hundred  rooms.  The  air  of  quiet,  elegance  and  refined  taste  that  characterize  its  apartments  has  no  equal  else- 
where in  New  York.  Its  locatiim  is  excellent.  Distant  but  half  a  mile  from  Central  Park,  it  is  a  walk  of  less  than 
five  minutes  from  its  doors  to  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  where  all  the  trains  from  or  for  the  north,  east  and  west 
arrive  and  depart,  while  to  reach  the  principal  thoroughfares  of  trade  is  a  matter  of  still  less  trouble.  It  is  there- 
fore convenient  alike  to  the  fastidious  tourist,  the  banker  on  W.all  Street  and  the  transient  guest.  The  ornate  and 
substantial  elegance  of  the  house  impresses  the  stranger  at  once  as  a  first-class  hotel  in  all  respects,  while  its  wide- 
open  door  reveals  a  cordial  welcome  and  all  the  appointments  of  an  elegant  private  mansion.  In  its  situation  and 
in  its  architecture  the  desiderata  of  light  and  ventilation  have  been  wonderfully  well  secured.  Situated  on  the 
highest  ground  in  the  city,  its  upper  stories  command  extended  views  of  the  Hudson  and  East  rivers,  the  Bay  and 
Staten  Island,  and  far  across  Westchester  County,  beyond  Central  Park.  The  suites  of  rooms,  for  which  this 
bouse  is  especially  noted,  are  unequaled  as  regards  decorations,  and  for  exquisite  elegance  .and  beauty.  Its  cabinet 
work  also  challenges  comparison  with  the  finest  specimens  in  this  country  or  Europe,  and  visitors  never  tiie  of 
admiring  the  artistic  effects  produced  by  the  Hungarian  and  Russian  ash,  satin  wood,  rosewood,  French  and  Turk- 
ish walnut,  mahogany,  ami  the  cherry,  maple  .and  redwood  of  our  country.  The  frescoes  are  elaborate  and  superb, 
and  the  law  of  harmony  reigns  supreme  in  all  decorations.  The  beautiful  design  of  the  Four  Seasons,  which  forms 
the  nuclei  of  the  decorations  of  the  grand  dining  hall,  is  speci.al  food  for  the  study  of  the  lovei-s  of  the  beautiful  in 
art;  while  in  the  "'Octagon  Room" — pronounced  tlie  finest  apartment  in  the  world — are  the  large  paintings  of 
"Aurora"  and  ".Sappho" — representing  Morning  and  Night,  after  original  and  striking  designs,  together  with 
other  decorations,  which  in  this  room  alone  cost  S2.5,0()(3.  Sixteen  varieties  of  marble  are  used  in  the  vestibule  and 
other  portions  of  the  building,  while  the  grand  staircase  of  marble  has  walls  of  pure  Italian  and  panels  of  dark 
Lisbon,  and  the  wine  room  is  Lavish  in  its  marble  fini.shings.  The  marts  of  the  world  have  been  ransacked  for  the 
decorations  and  furnishings  of  this  palatial  hotel.  The  Interior  appointments  are  in  keeping  with  its  intern.a- 
tioual  reputation,  the  sanitary  arrangements  are  perfect,  the  means  of  escape  in  case  of  fire  are  unrivaled,  and, 
to  sum  up  the  matter,  everything  that  art,  science  and  capital  can  devise  has  been  utilized  for  the  safety  and 
comfort  of  guests.  The  culinary  department  is  unexcelled,  and  everything  of  the  best  is  to  be  found  in  the  menu. 
The  Windsor  has  always  been  the  popular  resort  of  leading  b.ankers  and  biokers,  and  railway  officials  who  have 
made  its  spacious  vestibule  their  rendezvous  after  business  hours,  and  many  important  schemes  in  finance  have 


96  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

been  created  and  elaborated  under  its  roof.  The  nobility  of  Europe  make  it  their  hnme  while  in  New  York,  and 
its  registers  contain  thousands  of  the  prominent  names  of  the  aj^e  in  financial,  political,  theatrical  and  professional 
life.  It  meets  every  want  of  the  traveling  public,  and  at  rates  which  are  extremely  moderate  for  such  splendid 
accommodations — to  praise  which  is  like  gilding  reflued  gold. 

CURTIS  COE  BEAN,  Arizona  Mining  Lands,  No.  11  Wall  Street,  liooms  .51!  and  .07.— Although  that  portion  of 
the  country  known  as  Arizona  has  been  an  integral  part  of  the  United  States  since  18(j;5,  but  little  progress 
was  made  towards  developing  the  resources  of  the  territory  for  nearly  a  decade  later.  And,  even  then,  there 
was  scarcely  any  industry  save  grazing  and  stock  raising,  and  these  were  pursued  in  a  somewhat  jirimitive 
manner.  True,  the  soil  was  remarkaljly  fertile  in  certain  sections,  and  timber  lauds  abounded,  but  the  absence  of 
transportation  facilities  placed  a  miglity  barrier  in  the  path  of  the  pioneer.  Still  another  great  difficulty  that  pre- 
sented itself  was  the  drought,  no  rain  falling  for  practically  two-thirds  of  the  year.  Under  svudi  circumstances  it 
is  doubtful  if  the  newly  acquired  teri-itoi-y  would  have  ever  proved  a  very  inviting  region  to  the  settler  were  it  not 
for  the  discovery  of  rich  deposits  of  metals  and  minerals  which  have  been  found  in  every  district  explored,  and 
which,  for  abundance  and  variety,  surpass  those  of  any  other  state  or  territory.  The  gold  and  silver  lands  of  Ari- 
zona are  virtually  inexhaustible,  while  iron,  copper,  quicksilver,  coal,  sulphur,  salt,  etc.,  are  found  on  every  hand. 
Opal  pebbles,  sapphire,  garnets  and  other  precious  stones  have  also  been  discovered.  The  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road now  traverses  the  territory,  and  canals  for  irrigation  purposes  are  in  pi-ogress  of  construction,  and,  altogether, 
indications  point  to  a  great  future  for  Arizona.  In  all  this  material  progress  and  development  the  personality 
of  Hon.  Curtis  Coe  Bean  has  been  a  notable  and  distinct  factor,  and  is  destined  to  bo  still  more  closely  connected 
with  the  history  of  the  territory.  Mr.  Bean,  who  is  a  gentleman  in  the  full  meridian  of  life,  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire,  in  the  White  Mountains,  and  is  a  man  of  untiring  energy  and  unmistakable  enterprise,  largely 
endowed  with  the  progressive  characteristics  proverbial  of  the  veritable  Yankee.  He  spent  twenty-three  years  in 
Arizona  and  is  known  to  almost  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  entire  territory.  He  has  been  in  the  territorial 
legislature,  served  as  Senator  in  the  upper  house  and  was  her  representative  in  the  United  States  Congress  in  1885 
and  1886.  Mr.  Bean,  who  has  his  offices  at  rooms  Nt>s.  56  and  57,  No.  11  Wall  Street,  and  at  Prescott,  Arizona,  owns, 
and  is  interested  in  a  large  amount  of  lands  and  mining  propei'ty  in  the  territory.  He  has,  besides,  a  considerable 
piece  of  agricultural  land  in  Yuma  County  and  an  extensive  tract  of  land  in  the  State  of  Durango,  Mexico.  His  mines 
and  mineral  lands,  which  extend  all  over  the  territory,  yield  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead  and  other  metals,  besides 
coal,  while  he  also  controls  some  timber  lands.  Mr  Bean,  who  is  now  building  a  canal  for  irrigating  purposes  in 
Yuma  County,  is  developing  the  whole  section  of  the  country  in  which  his  interests  are  located.  These  will  in  a 
short  time  be  rendered  very  valuable,  and  it  is  with  a  view  of  placing  the  same  on  the  market  that  he  has  opsned 
the  office  in  New  York.  Correspondence  is  solicited,  and  all  communications  relative  to  Mr.  Bean's  Arizona  prop- 
erty for  sale,  will  receive  prompt  response. 

CH.  WHITE  &  CO.,  Bankers,  Nos.  72  and  74  Broadway,  No.  !)  New  Street. — Among  the  houses  whicli  have 
achieved  pi'ominencc  in  the  banking  and  investment  circles  of  New  York,  and  command  a  large  and  infiu- 
•  ential  patronage,  is  that  of  C.  H.  White  &  Co.,  whose  office  is  located  at  Nos.  72  and  74  Broadway  and  No. 
9  New  Street.  This  business  was  organized  six  years  ago  by  the  present  proi)rictor,  Mr.  C.  H.  White,  and 
he  has  given  untiring  attention  to  the  wants  of  customers  requiring  information  relative  to  ])rofitable  investments, 
and  his  advice  and  judgment  oil  all  matters  are  of  the  greatest  value  to  intending  invcstor.s.  He  has  developed  a 
large,  active  and  most  desirable  patronage,  is  in  a  position  to  promptly  fill  all  orders,  and  possesses  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  every  feature  of  the  bond  and  money  markets.  Mr.  White  gives  special  attention  to  the  subject  of 
investments  for  institutions  and  trust  funds,  and  has  special  facilities  for  successfully  operating  in  this  line.  His 
correspondents  are  Cassett  ife  Co.,  Philadelphia;  and  Parkinson  &  Burr,  Boston.  Mr.  White  carries  on  a  general 
banking  and  investment  business,  and  is  highly  esteemed  in  financial  circles  for  his  executive  ability  and  integrity, 
and  those  who  give  their  orders  to  this  house  will  find  their  interests  guarded  and  protected  in  every  judicious  and 
available  manner. 

DARLING  BROS.,  Loans  on  Bond  and  Mortgage,  Benedict  Building,  No.  171  Broadway. — Prominent  among  the 
active  members  of  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  of  this  city  is  tlie  iirm  of  Messrs.  Darling  Bros.,  who  make  the 
negotiation  of  loans  on  New  York  City  Real  Estate  their  exclusive  business,  and  whose  offices  are  located  in 
the  Benedict  Building,  No.  171  Broadway.  This  firm  established  their  business  here  in  April,  1888,  and  have 
already  developed  a  large  and  permanent  patronage  of  a  strictly  first-class  character.  They  are  recognized  as  pos- 
sessing superior  qualifications  for  doing  business  in  the  loan  market,  having  conservative  judgment,  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  values  of  New  York  realty,  while  their  career  has  been  marked  by  a  display  of  that  tact,  energy 
and  apiJieciation  of  their  clients'  interests  so  essential  to  permanent  success  in  the  city.  Their  extended  and  influ- 
ential connection  enables  them  to  secure  much  inside  information  of  material  benefit  to  themselves  and  their  large 
clientele.  They  are  thus  piepared  to  deal  more  liberally  and  on  more  favorable  terms  with  moitgagers  and  owners 
than  those  who  have  not  made  this  their  exclusive  business.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  William  L.  Stiid 
Remsen  Darling,  are  native  New  Yorkers. 


HISTORV  AND  C(.)M MERGE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


9*1 


N 


EWBURGH  HLEACHEKY,  Chadwick  Bios.,  Aoonts.,  No.  llo  Worth  Street.— Not  the  lea.st  important  feature 
in  the  manufapture  of  linen  and  cotton  clotlis  and  Icindred  goods,  is  the  effective  bleachini;  of  tliem  in  the 
best  style,  at  prii-es  tliat  do  not  add  too  largely  to  tlie  total  cost.  A  firm  tliat  is  favorably  known  in  this 
connection.  ;iik1  than  which  perhaps  none  has  played  a  more  important  part  for  the  jiast  thirty  years  is 

m. 


9^ 


O   £ 


r^f^-i 


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^•r- j«i^ 
"  --^•^' 


Messrs.  Chadwirk  Bros,  of  Xo.  1 15  Worth  Street.  This  famous,  prominent,  and  reli.ablc  house  receiviii},'  orders  from 
manufacturers  in  every  part  of  the  Union  where  the  services  of  such  an  industrial  concern  are  required.  The  house 
of  Chadwick  Bro.s.  derives  its  importance  from  its  admirable  representatation  of  the  famous  Newbursh  Bleachery, 
at  Newburgh,  Orange  County.  N.  Y. ;  a  very  large  establishment  equipped  in  a  really  model  fashion,  and  manned  by 
a  little  army  of  trained  wm'kmen.  Sheeti'ntrs,  shirtings,  drills,  pocketings,  lawns,  nainsooks,  etc.,  are  perfectly 
bleached  and  finished  and  the  ble,aching  and  iiajii'ing  of  Canton  flannels,  and  also  the  napping  of  otton  dometts, 
flannelettes,  etc.,  is  a  great  specialty  of  the  lumse.  For  work  of  this  kind  in  all  grades  Messrs.  Chadwick  Bros,  are 
able  to  quote  prices  that  cannot  be  beaten  for  work  of  similar  quality,  and  they  are  also  in  a  position  to  undertake 
prompt  and  punctual  delivery.  Of  this  firm  the  executive  officers  are  Mr.  .lames  Chadwick,  ]nesident;  and  Mr. 
Joseph  Chadwick,  treasurer:  "both  gentlemen  are  of  middle  age,  prominent  in  the  commercial  circles  of  the  city  and 
generally  and  deservedly  pojpular. 


98  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

BEHR  BROTHERS  &  CO.,  Pianos,  Waierooms:  Behr  Brothers  Hall,  No.  81  Fifth  Avenue.— The  firm  of  Behr 
Brothers  &  Co.,  the  celebrated  piano  manufacturers  of  New  York,  afford  an  illustration  of  what  enterprise, 
pluck  and  perseverance  can  do  in  this  country.  Although  in  existence  but  ten  years,  the  house  to-day  is 
one  of  the  well-known  institutions  and  its  piano  a  favorite  throughout  the  country.  Indeed  it  would  be 
hard  to  find  a  parallel  for  the  rapidity  of  the  growth  of  this  establishment.  Its  record  in  the  past  year,  particu- 
larly, has  proved  something  astonishing,  and  the  Behr  Brothers  &  Co.  piano  ranks  with  the  high-grade  instruments 
of  long  standing.  It  seems  to  have  suddenly  sprung  into  the  prominence  that  its  merit  warrants,  and  in  the  esti- 
mation of  the  great  public  has  leaped  from  the  position  of  one  among  many  new  instruments  to  the  comniauding 
position  of  one  among  few  tried  and  approved  high-grade  [uanos.  Behr  Brothers  &  Co.,  commenced  the  manufac- 
ture of  pianos  in  18S1  in  New  York  and  in  1890  incorporated  under  that  name,  with  a  paid-in  capital  stock  of  $450,- 
000,  the  incorporators  being  Mr.  Henry  Behr,  Mr.  Edward  Behr,  Mr.  Emil  H\irtzig,  Mr.  Charles  L.  Burchavd  and 
Mr.  Siegfried  Uan.sing.  Mr.  Henry  Behr,  the  head  of  the  house,  was  born  in  Hamburg,  Germany,  in  1848,  and 
was  brought  to  this  country  at  a  very  early  age.  While  he  was  still  a  mere  boy  the  civil  war  broke  out  and  young 
Henry  served  for  one  year  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Shortly  after  the  close  of  the  War  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  piano  trade  for  a  business  and  began  the  manufacture  of  cases  in  1875.  He  had  originality  of  idea  and 
many  of  the  beautiful  designs  that  became  i>opular  were  the  work  of  his  ingenuity  and  artistic  taste.  In  1881 
Mr.  Behr  was  joined  by  his  brother  Edward,  and  the  manufacture  of  pianos  commenced,  and  this  was  the  beginning 
of  the  great  house  that  to-day  occupies  so  prominent  a  place  in  the  music  trade  of  the  country.  Mr.  Behr  is  a, 
thorough  business  man,  honorable,  conscientious  and  straightforward  and  those  who  know  him  appreciate  him 
and  those  who  appreciate  him  rejoice  at  his  marked  success  in  life.  Mr.  Edward  Behr  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in 
1850  and  entered  business  life  by  taking  a  position  with  a  brother's  firm  where  he  remained  until  1881  when  he 
joined  Henry  Behr  to  form  the  piano  house  now  the  subject  of  this  article.  For  a  time  he  traveled  considerably  in 
the  interests  of  the  house  and  always  with  greatest  success,  but  latterly  the  growing  correspondence  and  duties 
of  the  home  institution  have  occupied  all  of  his  time.  Mr.  Charles  L.  Burchard,  is  the  secretary  of  the  company, 
was  born  in  Brooklyn  iu  1849,  and  in  1882  when  Mr.  Behr  asked  him  to  take  charge  of  the  office  of  the  new 
piano  house.  Mr.  Burchard  accepted  the  offer  and  just  how  well  fitted  he  is  for  the  duties  of  the  position  may  be 
judged  from  the  fact  that  on  January  1,  1889,  he  was  admitted  to  the  firm,  and  when  the  stock  company  was 
formed,  one  year  later,  he  was  made  secretary.  The  factory  is  located  at  Nos.  292-298  Eleventh  Avenue,  corner 
of  W.  Twenty-ninth  Street,  and  like  everything  connected  with  the  firm  is  modern,  thoroughly  equipped  and  up 
to  the  times.  When  the  firm  started  in  business  they  declared  it  to  be  their  purpose  to  make  only  a 
high-grade  piano.  They  looked  for  a  reputation  and  worked  for  it  and  have  allowed  nothing  to  inter- 
fere with  the  original  plans.  With  this  end  always  in  view  they  have  constantly  sought  improvement  in 
everything — tone,  action,  scale,  designs,  everything  that  makes  the  instrument,  in  fact.  Within  the  past 
year  they  have  brought  out  a  new  upright  scale  that  has  proved  a  thorough  success.  It  is  original 
throughout,  and  as  combined  with  the  system  of  stringing,  peculiar  to  the  Behr  piano,  produces  a  musical  effect  at 
once  marked  and  beautiful.  The  system  of  stringing  equalizes  the  pressure  of  the  bridge  on  the  sounding  board 
aud  with  the  new  scale  the  effect  is  more  prominently  shown,  for  the  tone  is  of  great  volume  and  resonance  through- 
out and  shows  decided  improvement  over  the  older  makes  from  the  same  factory,  excellent  as  they  were  always 
deemed.  The  grand  piano  manufactured  by  Behr  Brothers  ct  Co.  has  lately  become  widely  celebrated,  both  at 
home  and  abroad  by  the  hearty  indorsement  of  such  authorities  as  Von  Bulow,  Scharwenka  and  Moszkowski,  each 
of  whom  has  spoken  in  terms  of  highest  commendation.  Indeed,  the  great  Scharwenka  has  given  numerous  con- 
certs in  the  larger  cities  of  this  country  using  exclusively  the  Behr  grand.  The  pianos  are  high  grade  throughout, 
in  tone,  workmanship  and  design,  and  are  placed  by  the  side  of  the  renowned  makes  of  tlie  world.  They  are  made 
for  a  first-class  instrument,  at  a  first-class  factory,  by  first-class  makers,  and  they  hold  their  own  wherever  placed. 
The  company  have  recently  moved  into  their  new  and  elegant  warerooms  at  No.  81  Fifth  Avf nue — rooms  that  are 
palatial  in  their  magnificence.  The  building  is  125  x  34  feet,  four  stories  and  basement,  and  contains  the  most 
elaborate  music  parlors  and  studios  in  the  country.  A  large  music  hall  seating  tour  hundred  people,  is  located  on 
the  second  floor.  The  carvings  and  decorations  are  remarkable  and  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  The  general 
offices  of  the  company  are  convenient  and  handsome  and  the  whole  building  superior  to  anything  of  the  kind  in  the 
country.  Behr  Brothers  &  Co.,  iu  addition  to  their  New  York  house,  have  branch  liouses  in  Philadelphia  and  St. 
Paul.  The  house  in  Philadelphia  is  a  stock  company  with  $1.50,000  capital,  known  as  Hurtzig.  Fleming  &  Co.  The 
St.  Paul  house  is  also  a  stock  company  with  $100,000  capital,  and  known  as  Howard,  Farwell  A-  Co.  Both  of  these 
branches  are  very  important  concerns.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  Behr  Brothers  &  Co.  are  well  equipped  in  every 
way  for  the  great  business  that  has  come  to  them  and  for  the  large  increase  that  will  naturally  come — especially 
by  the  reputation  their  beautiful  jiiano  will  gain  from  the  Scharwenka  tour.  The  firm  is  composed  of  young  men, 
honorable  and  ambitious — is  popular  throughout  the  country,  is  backed  by  large  capital  and  turns  out  a  piano  that 
is  strictly  high-grade,  both  grand  and  upright.  What  can  stop  the  march  now  so  triumphantly  going  onward — 
onward — onward? 

(See  cut  on  opposite  page.) 


HIISTORY  AiSID  CUMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


90 


Interiok  i^f  Bebr  Bros.  A  Co.'s  Warerooms. 
iSee  article  ou  opposiit^  pa;?e.) 


100  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

JOHN  H.  GRAHAM  &  CO.,  Hardware,  No.  113  Chambers  Street  and  No.  95  Reade  Street. — As  manufacturers' 
aj;ents  the  firm  of  John  H.  Graliam  &  Co.  is  respected  by  half  a  liundred  of  the  most  eminent  liardware 
manufacturinj;  houses  of  America,  whose  interests  in  tliis  city  are  entrusted  to  its  liands,  and  it  therefore 
follows  almost  without  saying  tliat  tlie  firm  is  one  to  wliich  exporters  and  wholesale  dealers  largely  look  for 
tiie  supply  of  their  requirements  in  regard  to  almost  everything  that  is  even  remotely  akin  to  the  hardware  trade. 
The  compreliensive  sample  stock  carried  by  tlie  house  at  its  spacious  building,  2.3  x  200  feet  in  measurement,  at  No. 
113  Cliambers  Street  and  No.  !)-5  Reade  .Street,  embraces  everything  in  the  way  of  builders'  ironmongery,  a  very 
complete  list  of  tools  for  use  in  budding  and  manufacturing  trades,  agricultural  implements  of  all  descriptions  ; 
househokl  requisites  such  as  presses,  wringers,  and  (luting  machines,  wlule  church  and  farm  bells  find  their  place 
amoug  a  considerable  number  of  articles  wliich  it  is  diflioult  to  classify  under  any  specilic  heading.  The  eminent 
firm  under  comment  was  founded  on  Chambers  Street  in  1S70,  under  the  trading  title  of  Graliam  &  Haines;  and 
in  consequence  of  development  of  its  trade  removed  to  the  present  quarters  fifteen  years  ago,  and  became  J.  H. 
Graham  &  Co.  in  1SS2,  the  partners  now  being  Mr.  John  H.  Graham  and  Mr.  William  A.  Graham,  gentlemen  in  the 
prime  of  life  whose  alert  and  well  directed  energies  have  built  up  a  trade  of  great  proportions  in  this  country  and 
abroad,  for  the  former  of  which  they  are  represented  outside  by  ten  salesmen,  and  the  latter  referring  to  agricultural 
imiilements  which  are  sent  to  Europe,  and  particularly  to  the  agricultural  centers  of  Scotland.  They  are:  American 
Machine  Co.,  freezers,  wringers,  fluting  machines,  etc.  Lane  Bros.,  grocers'  coffee  mills,  self-measuring  faucets  and 
Lane's  liangers  and  track.  Henry  Disston  &  Sons,  saws,  tools,  files,  etc.  Hartford  Hammer  Co.,  hammers  forged 
from  solid  cast  steel.  Auburn  Tool  Co.,  bench  and  fancy  planes,  all  kinds.  George  M.  Eddy  &  Co.,  measuring  tapes. 
Largest  line  in  the  world.  Loring  &  Parks,  tacks  and  rivets.  Hobart  B.  Ives  &  Co.,  sash  locks,  door  bolts,  etc. 
Queen  Anne  Screen  Co.,  extension  screens,  window  sticks  and  corners,  etc.  Barton  Bell  Co.,  hand,  house,  car 
and  sheep  bells,  sleigh  bells,  etc.  Double-Pointed  Tack  Co.,  double-pointed  tacks,  blind  staples,  spring  staples, 
etc.  United  States  Cord  Co.,  braided  sash  cord,  etc.  Romer  &  Co.,  night  latches,  iron  and  brass  padlocks. 
Standard  Flint  Paper  Co.,  flint  paper,  emery  cloth,  etc.  E.  S.  Hotchkiss,  Hotohkiss'  rat  killers,  metallic  mouse 
traps.  The  Coes  Wrench  Co.,  Coes'  geuuine  screw  wrenches.  Iron  City  Tool  Works,  vises,  picks,  mattocks,  grub 
hoes,  sledges,  etc.  Henry  Knickerbacker,  scythes  and  grass  liooks.  Seymour  Smith  &  Son,  pruning  sheers,  breast 
drills,  bull  rings  etc.  Derby  &  Ball,  scythe  snaths.  American  Screw  Co.,  wood  screws,  etc.  Watertown  Thermom- 
eter Co.,  thermometers,  storm  glasses,  etc.  Jonas,  of  Binghampton,  scales,  etc.  Lawrence  Curry  Comb  Co.,  curry 
combs.  T.  C.  Richards  Hardware  Co.,  picture  nails,  bright  wire  goods,  etc.  Jose])h  Mallinson,  scissors  and 
shears.  A.  W.  Brinkerhoft'  &  .Son,  Universal  corn  buskers.  P.  Lowentraut,  mechanics'  and  plumbers'  tools, 
skates,  etc.  D.  W.  Bosely  *  Co.  weather  strip,  floor  scrubbers,  window  cleaners,  etc.  Birmingham  Plane  Manufac- 
turing Co.,  iron  planes.  McKinney  Manufacturing  Co.,  wrought  butts  and  hinges.  Sanford  &  Hawley,  wood 
mouse  traps.  L.  S.  Watson  Manufacturing  Co.,  cotton  wool,  horse  and  curry  cards.  Gay  &  Parsons,  ratchet 
screw  drivers,  etc.  Tucker  &  Dorsey  Manufacturing  Co.,  alarm  tills,  saw  bucks,  towel  racks,  etc.  Phojnix  Caster 
Co.,  Martin's  patent  casters.  Snel!  Manufacturing  Co.,  caststeel  augers  and  bits,  ship  augers,  etc.  The  Pike  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  .scythe  stone.  All  kinds  oil  stones,  etc.  W.  H.  Howell  and  Co.,  Geneva  fluters,  laundry  irons,  etc. 
The  Storm  Manufacturing  Co.,  Cannon  diamond  pointed  nail  set  and  N.  Y.  safety  dumbwaiters.  Chadborn&  Cald- 
well Manufacturing  Co.,  lawn  mowers,  beef  cutters,  etc.  D.  H.  Burrell  &  Co.,  butter  and  cheese  tryers,  flour 
testers,  etc.  C.  S.  Bell  &  Co.,  church  and  farm  bells.  Chalf ant  Manufacturing  Co.,  toilet  and  gas  irons.  Sinclair  & 
Scott  Manufacturing  Co.,  apple,  peach  and  orange  parers,  ice  creepers,  fruit  pressers,  etc.  New  Departure  Bell 
Co.,  door  and  call  bells.  Chantrell  Tool  Company,  nail  pulls,  screw  drivers,  tool  handles.  Slaymaker.  Bai'ry  &  Co., 
jail  locks,  etc.  The  principals  are  well  known  and  highly  respected  traders  of  New  York  of  which  city  they  are 
natives. 

T^  ARTER,  ELCOX  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Jewelry,  Nos.  41  and  43  Maiden  Lane.— There  is  perhaps  no  other 
I  (p)  line  of  business  which  has  arrived  at  greater  prominence  in  New  York  than  that  of  the  manufacturing  jew- 
1  I  elers'  trade,  of  which  the  house  of  Larter,  EIcox  &  Co.  are  eminent  representatives  at  Nos.  41  and  43  Maiden 
Lane.  This  business  was  originally  est.ablished  in  18G5  by  Davis  &  Elcox.  There  were  several  changes  made 
in  the  business  from  that  date  down  to  the  year  of  1890,  when  the  firm  became  known  under  its  present  title.  All 
of  the  active  partners  are  natives  of  New  Jersey,  the  individual  members  being  Frederick  H.  Larter,  Mrs.  A. 
Elcox,  who  is  the  widow  of  one  of  the  founders  of  the  house,  William  H.  Jones,  and  Theo.  M.  Woodland.  They 
comprise  one  of  the  most  reliable  houses  in  the  manufacturing  jewelers'  tr.ade,  and  are  all  noted  for  their  capable 
business  talent  and  loyalty  to  integrity,  a  law  laid  down  by  the  men  who  established  the  business.  They  manu- 
facture fine  gold  jewelry,  rings,  stone  lockets,  se.als,  stone  and  gold  buttons  with  lever  backs,  patent  spring  back 
studs,  lever  collar  buttons,  children's  plain,  chased  and  set  rings,  knot  rings,  etc.,  tlie  making  of  rings  of  the  most 
unique  designs,  in  fact,  in  all  styles,  being  their  spcoi.alty.  They  carry  a  very  large  and  fine  stock  of  goods,  and 
do  an  extensive  business  in  .ill  parts  of  the  United  States.  They  have  a  factory  at  No.  3(53  Mulberry  Street,  Newark, 
N.J.,  of  consideralde  dimensions,  where  they  employ  fifty  persons.  Their  New  York  ofiice.  at  Nos.  41  and  43  Maiden 
Lane,  is  neatly  arranged,  and  covers  a  space  of  2-5  x50  feet.  It  is  located  upstairs,  and  affords  convenience  for  the 
firm's  large  line  of  customers,  a  patronage  which  they  highly  merit  as  a  reward  for  honorable  business  transac- 
tions. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


101 


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Orixoka  Mills. 


L.  SOLOMON'S  SONS,  Fuiaituie  Fabrics,  Drapery  Materials,  Lace  Curtains  and  Portieres,  No.  29  Union 
Square,  Corner  Si.xteentli  Street. — The  development  of  the  fine  arts  as  applied  to  the  utilitarian  purposes  of 
>  the  outlit  and  decoration  of  the  home  has  become  a  marlced  aud  most  gratifyiuf;  feature  of  the  age.  To 
the  eminent  house  of  B.  L.  Solomon's  Sons,  of  this  city  belonjis  tlie  credit  of  popniarizinn;  the  choicest  artistic 
achievements  of  the  cabinet  maker,  the  upholsterer  and  the  decorator.  The  firm  arc  manufacturers,  importers  and 
wliolcsale  dealers  in  furniture,  fabrics,  drapery  materials,  lace  curtains  and  portieres,  making  a  leading  specialty  of 
interior  decorations,  and  have  their  headquarters  at  No.  29  Union  Square,  corner  of  Sixteenth  Street.  This  house 
is  not  only  the  largest  aud  most  exclusive  of  its  kind,  but  it  is  also  the  oldest  in  the  city.  Itwas  founded  in  1834  by 
Mr.  B.  L.  Solomon,  a  native  of  England,  who  had  arrived  in  New  York  two  j-ears  before.  In  1840.  the  firm  of  Solo- 
mon ct  Hart  was  organized,  which  was  dissolved  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Hart  in  1862,  and  in  the  following  year  the 
the  firm  name  of  B.  L.  Solomon  &  Sons  was  adopted.  In  1880,  the  honored  senior  partner  retired,  and  his  sons, 
Messrs.  Sol.  B.,  J.  H.  ami  S.  B.  Solomon,  with  Mr.  D.  D.  Earle  have  since  continued  the  business  under  the  present 
name  and  style.  These  gentlemen  possess  every  possible  qualification,  including  ability,  experience  and  per- 
fected facilities,  and  they  carry  the  largest  and  finest  stock  of  upliolstery  goods,  lace  curtains  and  drapery 
materials  to  be  found  in  the  metropolis.  Their  fine  establishment,  fronting  on  Union  Square,  is  four  stories  high, 
28  X  140  feet  in  dimensions,  and  is  handsomely  fitted  up,  thorouglily  organized  into  numerous  departments,  and 
gives  the  most  realistic  idea  of  tlie  character  and  appearance  of  the  furniture  fabrics  in  household  surroundings. 
A  large  volume  might  be  filled  with  descriptions  of  the  beautiful  goods  manufactured  by  this  firm  for  leadin"' 
houses  of  this  and  other  cities.  Their  main  factory,  called  the  Orinoka  Mills,  located  in  Pliiladelphia,  is  a  substan- 
tial five-story  building,  SO  x  200  feet  in  dimensions,  together  wMth  twelve  large  outbuildings,  and  the  equipment 
includes  every  modern  ai)pli;ince  and  ample  steam-power,  and  steady  em]iloyment  is  given  to  seventy-five  skilled 
workmen.  This  was  tlie  first  factory  established  in  tliis  country  to  make  a  fine  class  of  goods.  Every  article  made 
is  subjected  to  the  close  inspection  of  the  firm,  while  they  are  .also  extensive  importers  of  the  richest  upholstery 
goods,  heavy  curtains  in  new  patterns  of  Lur  Romans,  .Sheilas  and  Velours,  and  high  art  fabrics  of  the  popular 
renaissance  styles,  silk  damasks,  velours  and  ricli  silks  in  vast  variety;  brocatels,  sateens,  plushes,  etc.,  from  Paris 
London,  Geneva,  Vienna,  Berlin  and  otlier  European  capitals.  The  stock  here  displayed  is  worth  a  cool  million, 
and  steadily  maintains  the  lead  for  variety,  quality  and  fair  prices.  A  corps  of  talented  salesmen  represent  the 
interests  of  the  house  to  the  trade  throughout  the  counti'y,  and  the  business  aggreg.ates  $1,. 500,000  annually. 
Agencies  are  establislied  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  San  Francisco,  Chicago,  and  in  Paris  and  Manchester, 
Eng.  Mr.  S.  B.  Solomon  resides  in  Paris,  as  the  buyer  for  the  house.  Tlie  co-partners  are  all  native  New  Yorkers, 
members  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  gentlemen  of  rare  business  tact  and  enterprise,  who  have  won  their 
pre-eminence  in  this  field  of  commerce  by  honestly  deserving  it. 


102 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


COLUMBIA  TYPEWRITER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  No.  140  Centre  Street.— There  is  probably 
nutbiiif;  in  the  line  of  hibor-savinn  nuichinery  wliich  lias  coniu  into  such  general  use  in  tlie  same  space  of 
time  as  the  type  writer,  its  popuUuity  being  evidenced  by  the  vast  variety  of  them  that  have  been  placed  on 
the  market  of  recent  years.  Many  of  these  are  of  very  little  practical  utility  and  some  of  them  arc  utterly 
worthless.  One  which  has  stood  the  test  of  time  and  which  has  steadily  won  its  way  into  i)ublic  favor  as  a  reli- 
able, durable  machine  that  will  do  lirst-class  work  is  the  Columbia  "  Bar-Lock  "'  Typewriter,  which  has  many  points 
of  superiority  over  any  other  in  the  market.  It  is  manufactured  by  tlie  Columbia  Typewriter  Mauufacturin<;  Com- 
pany, whose  establishment  is  eligibly  located  at  Nos.  14(i  to  150  (Centre  Street.  This  concern  is  under  the  individ- 
ual proprietorship  of  Messrs.  J.  Freuilenthal  and  Charles  Spiro,  who  established  it  six  years  ago.  Their  typewrite)  s 
had  a  rapid  sale  from  the  start,  the  public  being  by  no  means  slov?  to  i-ecoguize  their  superiority  over  those  of  other 
makes,  and  they  now  not  only  have  a  large  sale  throughout  the  United  States  but  are  e.\i)orted  to  every  quarter  of 
the  globe.     There  are  two  factories,  oue  at  VVoousocket,  R.  1.  and  one  at  No.  140  Centre  Street.  New  York,  and  they 


are  equipped  with  the  most  modern  manufacturing  facilities.  The  members  of  the  lirm  are  energetic,  pushinsf 
business  men,  and  their  success  is  a  striking  illustration  of  what  can  be  achieved  by  straightforward,  honorable  bus- 
iness methods  and  dealing  only  in  first-class,  reliable  goods.  Mr.  Charles  Spiro,  the  inventor  of  the  Bar-Lock  type- 
writer, and  a  member  of  the  firm,  is  one  of  the  foremost  and  most  experienced  typewriter  constructors  in  this  country, 
and  his  original  ideas  and  practical  methods  have  taken  such  form  in  this,  his  latest  achievement,  tliat  it  has  been 
appropriately  designated  "  the  modern  writing  machine.  '  While  employing  the  thoroughly  tested  type-bar  ])rinci- 
ple  in  this  machine,  he  has  so  designed  it  that  insteiwl  of  printing  underneath  the  platen,  it  writes  on  top  of  the 
platen,  and  in  full  view  of  the  operator.  This  radical  departure  avoids  the  necessity  of  lifting  the  carriage  or 
shifting  aside  the  ribbon  to  see  the  writing  and  very  materially  saves  time  and  effort,  and  in  leaving  the  carriage 
undisturbed  adds  to  the  durability  of  the  machine.  The  permanency  of  its  alignment  is  secured  by  an  ingenious 
device,  consisting  of  a  series  of  pins  around  the  printing  point,  adapted  to  lock  each  bar  as  it  descends  in  the  act  of 
printing,  and  the  machine  by  reason  of  this  feature  is  named  the  Bar-Lock.  There  are  no  shift  keys  on  diis  machine 
and  the  depression  of  any  key  directly  prints  its  respective  character,  and  the  touch  and  its  general  responsiveness 
has  made  its  characteristic  of  "unlimited  speed  "'  well  known  and  appreciated.  It  possesses  more  automatic  move- 
ments than  any  other  typewriter,  thus  saving  the  operator's  care  and  attention  in  their  manual  performance.  A 
new  ribbon  can  be  inserted  in  the  machine  in  half  a  minute,  and  it  takes  care  of  itself  thereafter,  reversing  auto- 
matically at  each  end,  until  it  is  worn  out.  Corrections  can  be  more  easily  made  and  columning  more  readily  done 
than  on  any  other  machine,  while  the  adjustments  for  margins  and  bell  ringer  are  exceedingly  simple  and  accurate. 
The  machine  is  beautiful  in  design  and  compact  and  deservedly  enjoys  a  wide  ami  growing  popularity. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  103 

J-'  GUIS  WINDMULLEE  &  KOELKER,  Importing  Connnissioii  Meichants,  No.  20  Reade  Street.— The  term 
I  ©  "  commission  merchants  "  as  applied  to  mercantile  houses  in  New  Vorli.  sometimes  has  a  very  limited  mean- 
J_A  ins,  but  in  the  case  of  the  eminent  and  responsible  old  house  of  Louis  Windmiiller  &  Roelker,  the  title 
implies  the  handling  of  dry  goods,  groceries  and  indeed  almost  every  description  of  merchandise  that  can  be 
imported  witli  advantage  from  any  of  the  European  countries  to  this  city.  To  those  well  acquainted  with  the 
standing  and  scope  of  the  great  mercantile  houses  of  New  York,  the  unchallenged  eminence  of  the  house  is  a  mat- 
ter of  common  knowledge,  while  to  others,  who  are  not  so  informed,  a  visit  to  the  spacious  premises  of  the  firm 
at  No.  20  Reade  Street,  and  an  inspection  of  the  very  miscellaneous  and  heavy  stock  carried  in  the  four  upper 
floors,  each  20  x  75  feet  in  size,  at  once  conveys  a  correct,  though  incomplete  idea  of  the  wide  ramifications  of  its 
trade;  the  whole  of  the  merchandise  there  to  be  found  being  of  imported  varieties,  and  being,  in  fact,  obtained 
direct  upon  the  most  favorable  terms.  These,  the  time  honored  house  are  able  to  secure  by  virtue  of  the  versatile 
knowledge  possessed  by  its  principals  of  the  intrinsic  and  market  value  of  goods,  their  acquaintance  with  the  best 
sources  of  supply,  and  by  reason  also  of  the  old  associations  they  have,  dating  back  in  many  cases  to  the  inception 
of  the  enterprise  in  1S64.  Moreover  they  have  the  advantage  of  a  branch  house  at  Frankfort^on-the-llain,  where 
they  are  ably  represented  by  Mr.  Erwin  Roelker;  and  the  vantage  ground  gained  by  these  several  means  is  potent 
in  enabling  them  to  command  a  trade  in  all  parts  of  this  country.  The  partners  are  Mr.  Louis  Windmiiller  and 
Mr.  Alfred  Roelker,  both  gentlemen  of  German  birth,  iu  the  active  prime  of  life,  who  reside  in  this  city  and  have 
•long  been  counted  among  its  most  prominent  merchants. 

nfTLFRED  SELLERS,  Photo-Engraving  Processes  and  Zinc  Etching,  No.  44  Ann  Street.— Though  but  a  compar- 
W      atively  short  time  established,  the  gentleman  whose   name  stands  at  the  head  of  the  present  sketch  has 
/  A     built  up  a  widespread  and  substantial  business  connection.     He  is  a  manufacturer  of  and  general  dealer  in 
•  appliances  and  appurtenances  for  photo-engraving  processes,  zinc  etching  supplies,  drawing  materials  and 

kindred  articles,  with  shop  and  salesroom  conveniently  situated  at  No.  44  Ann  Street,  and  his  trade,  which  extends 
throughout  tlie  United  States,  Canada,  South  America,  Gre.at  Britain  and  Australia,  affords  evidence  of  steady 
ini-rease.  The  secret  of  Mr.  Sellers'  prosperity  is  not  far  to  seek,  however.  Turning  out  and  handling  a 
distinctly  superior  class  of  apparatus  and  goods  for  the  purpose  indicated,  quoting  prices  exceptionally 
low,  workmanship  and  material  evidenced,  and  withal  a  young  man  of  practical  skill  and  thorough  experi- 
ence, he  has  been  enabled  by  push  and  energy  to  acquire  the  flourishing  patronage  he  deservedly  enjoys. 
The  quarters  occupied  on  the  third  floor  of  No.  44  Ann  Street  are  commodious  and  well  equipped, 
ample  steam-power  and  all  needed  facilities  being  at  hand,  and  several  competent  assistants  are  employed.  A 
large,  varied  and  first-class  assortment  is  always  kept  in  stock,  comprising  M.  Wolfe's  fine-line,  half-tone  process 
screen  plates,  polished  pure  zinc  plates  in  great  variety,  polished  copper  plates  of  all  kinds  and  all  sizes,  French 
rollers,  roller  cases,  inking  slabs,  etching  inks  of  every  description,  camel's-hair  brushes,  powder  boxes,  improved 
glass-bottom  etching  tubs,  printing  frames,  ink  spatulas,  pincers,  files,  steel  hooks  and  tools  of  the  trade  generally, 
routing  machines  and  knives,  circular,  gig  and  cabinet  saws,  metal  casting  boxes,  shooting  boards,  etc.,  copyholders, 
plate  holders  and  accessories,  chemicals,  colors,  oils,  gelatines,  sensitizing  substances,  solutions,  etc.,  etc.,  also  a 
full  and  fine  line  of  drawing  materials,  steel  pens,  pencils,  mathematical  instruments,  and  in  short  everything  com- 
prehended iu  photo-engraving,  zinc  etching  and  drawing  requisites,  finely-polished  zinc  of  absolutely  pure  quality 
for  half-tone  work  being  a  leading  specialty.  Zinc  and  copper  plates  and  other  devices  above  noted  are  made  to 
order  likewise  in  any  desired  size  at  short  notice,  and  satisfaction  is  guaranteed  in  every  instance,  every  article  sold 
being  fully  warranted,  while  the  very  lowest  consistent  prices  are  quoted.  All  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  indi- 
cated are  attended  to  iu  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  and  catalogue  and  price-list  are  cheerfully 
furnished  upon  application,  all  communications  of  a  business  nature  receiving  prompt  response.  Mi\  Sellers,  who 
is  a  gentleman  iu  the  prime  of  life,  was  born  in  England,  but  has  lived  in  this  country  since  boyhood.  He  is  a  man 
of  entire  reliability  in  his  dealings,  as  well  as  of  energy,  skill  and  experience,  and  unless  all  the  signs  fail,  his  suc- 
cess is  of  the  kind  to  endure  and  increase. 

GKINSCHERF,  Practical  Lithographer  and  Power  Press  Printer.  No.  27  Beekman  Street. — New  York  is  famous 
for  the  production  of  very  fine,  effective  and  artistic  lithographic  posterwork.  and  the  firm  which,  during  the 
e  past  ten  years  has  been  accoi-ded,  very  justly,  a  large  share  of  the  credit  for  this,  is  that  of  Mr.  G.  Kinscherf 
of  No.  27  Beekman  Street,  whose  talented,  practical  proprietor  has  had  thirty-seven  years  experience  in  this 
line  of  business,  inclusive  of  every  variety  of  work  that  comes  within  the  range  of  the  lithographer's  labors.  The 
firm  has  premises  consisting  of  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  floors  of  the  building  named,  each  being  2.5  x  100  feet  in 
size;  that  on  the  third  being  re.served  for  its  oftice,  warehouse,  etc..  and  the  two  above,  wliich  are  devoted  to  indus- 
trial purposes,  being  provided  with  four  fine  steam-power  presses,  and  ten  modern  presses,  besides  all  the  addi- 
tional appliances  which  go  to  make  a  lithographic  establishment  complete.  A  force  of  twenty-five  thoroughly 
expert  woi-kmen  are  employed  in  the  branch  of  printing  specially  referred  to,  in  all  its  ramifications,  from  a  card 
to  a  poster;  letter-press  printing,  which  is  also  vmdertaken,  being  given  out  by  contract.  The  proprietor,  who 
gives  his  attention  ungrudgingly  to  the  affairs  of  the  business,  and  is  content  that  nothing  shall  leave  the  premises 
which  fails  to  reflect  upon  the  lious^  the  highest  credit,  is  a  gentleman  of  German  Itirth,  twenty-two  years  a  resident 
of  Brooklyn,  and  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  foremost  men  in  his  trade  in  New  York. 


104 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


DE  PINNA,  Boys'  Outfittius,  No.  394  Fifth  Avenue. — Even  in  catering  for  the  elite,  it  has  not  been  the  general 
custom  to  give  the  same  careful  and  skilled  attention  to  the  clothing  of  boys — especially  of  small  boys — as  is 
bestovped  upon  that  of  their  seniors;  and  the  fact  that  the  establishment  of  Mr.  H.  De  Pinna,  at  No.  394  Fifth 
Avenue,  is  a  notable  exception  to  this  rule,  has  won  for  it  a  very  large  amount  of  appreciation,  brought  to  it 
a  most  influential  patronage,  and  rendered  it  one  of  the  most  flourishing  businesses  of  its  kind  in  the  city.  The 
commandingly  located  store  is  25  x  100  feet  in  expanse,  is  fitted  up  in  a  very  handsome  style,  is  luxuriously  car- 
peted, and  what  is  more  to  the  point — is  heavily  stocked  with  goods  that  cannot  bo  excelled,  either  for  their  great 
durability,  their  fineness  of  texture,  their  conformity  with  the  newest  kinds  and  patterns  of  cloth,  or  for  their 
stylishness  in  make  up.  Devoting  itself  to  boys'  outfitting,  it  has  a  very  complete  assortment  suitable  for 
boys  from  three  to  fourteen  years  of  age,  inclusive  of  English  sailor  suits,  dress  suits,  school  suits,  reefing 
jackets,  overcoats,  ulsters,  etc.,  the  wealth  of  choice  being  such  as  cannot  fail  to  meet  the  wishes  of  the  most  fas- 
tidious and  exacting.  English  hats  and  caps  also  have  the  best  of  representation,  as  do  also  ladies'  and  misses' 
yachting  costumes.  In  connection  with  this  successful  business  thirty  skilled  work  people  are  employed,  and  no 
pains  are  spared  by  the  talented  principal  to  give  unqualilied  satisfaction  to  patrons,  his  leading  characteristics 
being  a  very  rigid  adherence  to  such  old  methods  of  conducting  the  business — either  in  the  industrial  or  mercantile 
branch — as  have  been  proven  and  endorsed  by  long  usage.  Mr.  De  Pinna,  who  founded  his  present  enterprise  in 
1884,  is  a  gentleman  of  English  birth,  of  midtlle  age,  and  seven  years  a  resident  in  this  country. 


^^k   \A^M%T^ 


P— ._.-i^iUi-, 


Battery  Park  and  Castle  Garden 


EN.  DORING,  Folding  Beds,  No.  .59  West  Fourteenth  Street.— The  great  demand  which  now  exists  for  folding 
beds  of  all  kinds,  has  been  materially  accentuated  liy  the  excellence  of  these  highly  useful  inventions,  as 
•  turned  out  by  some  of  the  leading  manufacturers,  prominent  among  whom  is  the  well-known  house  of  E. 
N.  Doring,  patentee  .and  manufacli..3r  of  the  "  Doring"  Folding  Bed,  in  all  styles  .and  at  competitive  prices, 
located  at  No.  .59  West  Fourteenth  .Street.  The  simplicity,  efficacy  and  Iiigli  .artistic  design  and  finish  of  the  "  Dor- 
ing" over  and  above  other  folding  beds,  have  been  mainly  responsible  for  the  almovmal  success  with  which  this 
firm  has  met;  and  the  tr.ade  it  now  controls,  among  the  most  representative  and  enduring  p.atronage,  extends  to 
all  the  chief  commercial  centers  throughout  the  ITnion.  necessitating  the  regular  employment  of  five  duly  qualified 
assistants.  The  premises,  at  the  location  indicated,  consist  of  a  building  25  x  75  feet  in  area,  ivell  fitted  to  meet  the 
exigencies  of  the  business,  a  large  stock  of  the  celebrated  "Doring"  Folding  Bed  in  its  numerous  styles  being 
always  on  hand;  also  a  large  assortment  of  Furniture  and  Bedding.  The  very  able  and  enterprising  proprietor  inau- 
gur.ited  the  undertaking  four  ye.irs  ago.  and  is  also  responsible  for  its  highly  efficient  management  ever  since.  He 
is  a  native  of  New  York,  still  a  yoniigmnn.  and  is  a  prominent  figure,  alike  in  business  and  social  circles. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  105 

CARL  L.  JEXSEN  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Carl  L.  Jensen's  Pepsin  Preparations,  No.  100  Maiden  Lane.— Won- 
drous discoveries  of  untold  value  to  the  human  race  have  been  made  in  recent  times  by  scientific  specialists, 
especially  in  the  medical  profession,  and  one  of  these,  in  the  opinion  of  the  highest  authority  anions 
membeis  of  that  faculty,  is  Dr.  Carl  Jensen's  Crystal  Pepsin.  This  pepsin  is  conceded  to  have  successfully 
challenged  all  other  similar  prep.arations,  the  exact  mode  of  its  manufacture  being  the  discovery  of  Dr.  Jensen, 
through  the  main  fact  that  it  is  a  digestive  ferment  obtained  from  the  broken  up  tissue  of  the  animal  stomach,  pref- 
erably of  the  hog.  Experiments  which  have  been  made  with  the  pepsin  have  demonstrated  that  it  possesses  mar- 
velous potency  in  the  digesting  or  dissolvingof  coagulated  albumen  and  nitrogenous  food,  and  the  immense  demand 
for  this  medical  preparation  by  physicians,  who  prescribe  it  freely  in  all  cases  of  imp.aired  digestion,  led  to  its  being 
put  on  the  market  iu  tablet  form  as  being  more  convenient  for  handling  on  the  part  of  the  public.  As  a  medium 
of  general  commerce  the  business  was  started  teu  years  ago  by  Dr.  Carl  L.  Jensen,  and  in  18S7  it  was  incorporated 
as  a  company  under  the  state  laws  of  New  Jersey,  with  a  paid  up  capital  of  $100,000.  Placed  upon  the  market  in  a 
manner  commensurate  with  its  merits,  the  volume  of  business  done  in  this  valuable  pieparation  has  grown  by 
leaps  and  bounds,  and  the  company  has  branches  in  Toronto,  Canada;  Loudon,  England;  Dresden,  Germany; 
Geneva,  Switzerl.and;  Paris.  France;  Copenhagen,  Denmark;  .Moscow,  Russia.  Cuba,  South  America  and  Mexico. 
The  laboratory  is  in  New  Jersey,  and  the  trade  is  world  wide.  The  central  office  is  at  No.  100  Maiden  Lane. 
From  that  center  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States  is  conducted,  .and  reaches  a  large  yearly  aggregate. 
Ih-.  Jensen,  the  emineut  discoverer,  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  resided  iu  this  country  for  a  quarter  of  a  cent- 
ury, and  while  winning  great  admiration  from  medical  practitioners  both  here  and  abroad,  is  regarded  as  one 
of  America's  most  enlightened  citizens. 


FALCK  &  CO.,  General  Passenger  Agents,  No.  29  Broadway. — In  consequence  of  the  severity  of  the  Ameri- 
can winter,  many  persons  leave  behind  our  unpleasant  snow  and  ice,  and  exchange  them  for  glorious 
blue  skies  and  sunshine,  and  countries  clad  in  freshest  green.  A  great  attraction  at  the  present  day  as 
a  winter  and  health  resort  are  "  The  Azores  "  or  the  Western  Islands,  located  in  the  North  Atlantic,  about 
eight  hundred  miles  from  Portugal,  to  which  kingdom  they  belong.  The  only  regular  direct  steamship  line  to  The 
Azores,  Madeira.  Lisbon  and  points  in  Spain,  from  New  York,  is  the  Empreza  Insulana  Navegacao,  whose  general 
passenger  agents  are  Messrs.  Falck  &  Co.  at  No.  Stt  Broadway.  The  steamers  have  splendid  first-class  accommoda- 
tion. The  voyage  from  New  York  to  The  Azores  averages  nine  days;  from  The  Azores  to  Madeira,  two  to  three 
days,  and  from  Madeira  to  Lisbon  two  to  three  days.  Passengers  are  booked  through  to  all  points  in  Spain,  and 
those  booking  can  stop  over  on  The  Azores  until  another  steamer  of  the  company,  calling  there  will  take 
them  to  their  destination.  The  average  latitude  of  The  Azores  is  about  that  of  Philadelphia.  The  wonder 
of  the  ocean,  the  Gulf  Stream,  flows  well  to  the  north,  and  is  crossed  in  going  from  New  York.  The  soiith- 
ern  branch  of  the  stream  flows  to  the  eastward,  between  the  islands  and  the  continent,  thus  enclosing  them  in 
its  embrace.  This  gives  them  an  equable  climate.  The  changes  of  temperature  are  extremely  slight— that  between 
midnight  and  midday,  in  the  shade,  not  ordinarily  four  degrees,  and  between  the  summer  and  the  winter,  mean, 
not  more  than  ten  or  fifteen  degrees.  The  average  for  the  winter  months  is  about  (32°,  and  in  the  summer  about 
72°.  St.  Michaels,  the  largest  of  the  Azorian  group,  is  about  forty  miles  in  length,  and  nine  to  twelve  in  width.  It 
is  a  most  picturesque  island,  and  abounds  in  beautiful  scenery.  Here  is  located  Ponta  Delgada,  the  chief  city,  and 
third  in  importance  in  the  kingdom  of  Portugal.  It  is  a  business  center  with  considerable  wealth,  and  contains 
about  2.5.000  inh.abitants.  Some  of  the  finest  and  most  extensive  gardens  are  here  to  be  seen,  filled  with  trees, 
shrubs  and  flowers  from  every  clime.  As  frosts  are  never  known,  verdant  fields  .and  vegetation  exist  throughout 
the  year.  The  rich  and  titled  have  capacious  residences  in  the  midst  of  extensive  grounds  beautifully  adorned,  to 
visit  which  stnangers  and  foreigners  are  ever  welcome.  Mineral  w.aters  are  found  on  several  of  the  islands;  epi- 
demics of  severe  types  seldom  visit  the  islands,  and  malaria  is  unknown.  The  great  and  sudden  changes  which 
belong  to  our  climate  never  surprise  and  shock  the  invalid  who  seeks  rest  and  quiet  in  these  island  retreats. 
Expenses  of  living  at  the  islands  are  very  moderate.  Messrs.  Falck  &  Co.  are  now  running  Steamships 
from  New  York  to  the  Azores  regularly.  This  firm  are  prepared  also  to  book  passengers  through  to  any  point  in 
Europe,  and  to  issue  drafts  on  the  principal  islands  of  The  Azores.  Madeira,  and  on  most  any  part  of  Europe, 
payments  being  made  to  any  city.  town,  village  or  hamlet  in  Germany.  Austria,  Hungary,  Poland,  Russia,  Gal- 
icia,  Roum.ania.  France.  Italy.  Holland.  Switzerland  and  Scandinavia.  Travelers  visiting  Europe  on  business  or 
pleasure  will  also  find  it  a  great  convenience  to  li.ave  a  responsible  firm  there  to  whom  they  can  consign  their  corre- 
spondence, and  through  whom  they  can  obtain  information  in  regard  to  railway  journeys  in  Europe,  forwarding  of 
baggage,  return  passage  and  many  other  ni.ntters  of  a  business  or  private  nature,  ilessrs.  Falck  &  Co.,  at  No.  6 
Bahnhof  Street.  Hamburg.  Germany,  are  recommended  for  this  purpose.  Mr.  A.  Falck.  the  resident  member  of  the 
firm  in  New  York,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  widely  experienced,  a  business  man  of  sterling  integrity  who  has  ever 
retained  the  confidence  of  leading  commercinl  and  financial  circles  on  both  sides  of  the  water,  and  has  built  up 
his  large  trade  and  influential  connections  solely  on  the  basis  of  a  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  to  the  public. 
and  .as  an  enterprising,  reliable  acrent  of  a  great  and  popular  trans-Atlantic  line. 


106  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

D EIGHT  &  HAVELL,  Architects,  Win\d  BuiUlinK.— Much  of  the  credit  for  New  York's  rapid  growth  and 
)  aflvanceiiieiit  of  late  years  is  due  to  her  architects,  many  of  whom  occupy  prominent  pUices  in  tlie  front 
S  rank  of  the  profession.  One  of  the  most  successful  of  these  firms  is  that  of  Messrs.  Leicht  &  Havell,  whose 
handsome  otBce,  a  little  hive  of  studious  iudustrj'  of  itself,  occupies  a  room  on  the  seventh  floor  quickly 
reached  by  elevator.  Messrs.  Leicht  and  llavell  are  successful  men  in  the  best  sense,  for  their  success  conferred 
and  continues  to  confer  substantial  and  lasting  benefits  upon  the  community.  Polite  and  oblijrini;  gentlemen,  act- 
ive and  enteriJrising  men,  architects  of  tlie  highest  class,  tliey  have  achieved  a  personal  popularity  and  professional 
eminence  in  which  they  may  justly  take  piide.  Mr.  A.  F.  Leicht  is  a  native  of  Bayonne,  N.  J.,  and  for  fifteen 
years  was  engaged  in  the  office  of  the  "  Scientific  American."  Has  had  nine  years'  experience  as  an  architect.  His 
partner,  Mr.  W.  J.  Havell,  was  born  in  this  city,  is  a  higli  school  graduate,  and  has  also  been  nine  years  following 
his  profession.  The  firm  have  executed  a  large  amount  of  lirst-class  work  in  their  line,  including  the  erection  of  a 
large  block  on  Canal  Street,  the  Harrison  Block,  corner  Harrison  and  Greenwich  Streets,  over  thirty  cottages  at 
various  summer  resorts,  and  many  other  buildings.  All  their  work  is  characterized  by  the  most  marked  attention 
to  details,  the  economy  of  space  and  attractiveness,  while  utility  is  the  main  jioiut  sought  after.  Estimates  and 
plans  are  promptly  furnished  for  structures  of  all  kinds,  and  the  firm  superintend  the  work  of  construction,  thus 
guaranteeing  the  best  results.  Satisfactory  services  are  warranted  in  every  instance.  Messrs.  Leicht  and  Havell 
add  thorough  training  to  the  highest  order  of  talent,  and  are  in  all  respects  capable  and  reliable. 

DICKINSON  BROS.  &  KING,  Importers,  English  and  German  Portland  Cements,  Nos.  21  to  24 State  Street.— Few 
people  outside  those  immediately  concerned  have  any  idea  of  tlie  magnitude  of  the  trade  in  imported  cements 
here  in  New  Vork  at  the  present  day.  It  constitutes  a  factor  of  surpassing  importance,  and  the  volume  of 
business  transacted  grows  apace.  Notable  among  the  leading  firms  contributing  to  the  sum  of  commercial 
activity  in  the  particular  line  indicated  is  that  of  Dickinson  Bros.  &  King,  whose  oflices  are  located  at  Nos.  21  to  24 
State  Street,  Rooms  Nos.  ;i01  and  A'd'-j,  witli  lieadquarters  at  No.  204  Market  Street,  Chicago,  and  branch  also  at  No. 
36  Carondelet  Street,  New  Orleans,  and  who  are  tlie  most  extensive  handlers  of  foreign  cements  in  the  United 
States.  They  are  importers  of  English  and  German  Portland  cements,  and  their  trade,  which  extends  throughout 
the  entire  country,  is  exceedingly  large,  their  total  annual  sales  reaching  500,000  barrels.  This  enterprising  and 
widely  known  firm,  which  bought  out  the  Empire  Warehouse  Company  of  Chicago  (with  New  York  office  at  No. ' 
24  State  Street),  was  established  some  two  years  ago,  and  the  signal  success  that  has  attended  the  enterprise  from 
its  inception  abundantly  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  to  say  nothing  of  the  energy  and  ability  dis- 
played in  the  management  of  the  business.  They  handle  all  the  foremost  brands  of  English  and  German  Portland 
cements,  being  agents  for  the  productions  of  the  celebrated  "  K.  B.  &  S."  brand,  the  Phoenix  Co.,  Francis  &  Co., 
McLean  &  Co.,  Johnson  ife  Co.,  Hemmoor  &  Co.,  "  Germania "  and  "Globe,"  and  are  prepared  to  execute  orders 
for  car  lots  at  short  notice,  and  at  lowest  possible  figures.  With  their  exceptional  facilities  and  manifest  advan- 
tages, the  firm  is  enabled  to  quote  prices  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  trade,  offering  substantial  induce- 
ments to  builders,  contractors,  and  large  consumers  ;  and  those  having  business  relations  with  this  responsible  and 
representative  liou.se  are  assured  of  finding  the  same  of  an  eminently  satisfactory  cluiractor.  The  co-partnership 
consists  of  Messrs.  William  Dickinson,  John  W.  Dickinson,  Jerome  A.  King,  Courtland  P.  Dixon,  and  Ira  C.  Hutch- 
inson, all  men  of  business  ability  and  thorough  experience,  well  and  favorably  known  in  commercial  circles,  and  iu 
the  building  trade.     They  are  active  members  of  the  New  York  and  the  Chicago  Building  Exchanges. 

SUTPHEN  &  MYER,  Headquarters  for  Polished  and  Rough  Plate  Glass,  Etc.,  Nos.  9,  11  and  13  Desbrosses,  34,  36 
and  38  Vestry  Streets. — For  such  a  cimiparatively  young  firm,  Sutphen  &  Myer,  importers  and  dealers  in 
polished  and  rough  plate  glass,  mirrors,  etc.,  whose  spacious  and  well  appointed  emporium  is  conveniently 
situated  at  Nos.  9  to  13  Desbrosses  Street,  and  34  to  38  Vestry  Street,  liave  built  up  a  flourishing  business, 
their  trade,  which  is  large  and  active,  extending  throughout  the  United  States.  The  secret  of  their  prosperity  is 
not  far  to  seek,  however.  Handling  a  distinctly  superior  class  of  goods,  exceptionally  low  in  their  prices,  and 
being  withal  young  men  of  energy  and  enterpiise  as  well  as  ample  experience  in  this  line,  it  is  only  in  the  nature 
of  things  that  Messrs.  Sutphen  &  Myer  sliould  have  achieved  the  unequivocal  success  that  has  attended  the  venture 
from  the  start.  The  premises  occupied  as  office  and  warerooms  comprise  a  ground  floor  76  x  190  feet  and  base- 
ment, and  are  well  ordered  and  excellently  arranged,  while  an  efficient  staff  is  employed  in  the  establishment,  in 
addition  to  several  representatives  on  the  road.  An  exceedingly  large  and  splendid  assortment  is  constantly 
carried  in  stock  here,  and  includes  everything  in  the  line  of  imported  and  American  plate  glass,  store  fronts 
of  all  kinds  and  sizes,  strips,  beveled  plates  and  mirrors  and  all  thicknesses  of  rough  and  ribbed  glass, 
a  specialty  being  made  of  beveled  plates  and  mirrors.  Every  article  sold  is  fully  warranted,  no  inferior  pro- 
ductions, whatever,  being  handled,  while  the  most  substantial  inducements  are  offered  to  purchasers,  and  those 
having  dealings  with  this  pushing  and  responsible  firm  are  assured  of  finding  the  same  both  pleasant  and  profitable. 
Messrs.  John  S.  Sutphen,  Jr.,  and  Charles  U.  Myer.  the  individual  members,  are  gentlemen  of  about  twenty-three 
or  twenty-four  years  of  age  and  New  Yorkers  by  l)irtli.  Tliey  are  young  men  of  entire  probity  of  character,  as 
well  as  of  energy  and  business  aliility,  liberally  endowed  with  the  qualities  that  bespeaks  success  in  the  commer- 
cial world,  and  all  the  indications  are  that  the  prosperity  that  has  attended  their  efforts  during  the  three  years 
they  have  been  established  is  bound  to  endure  and  increase. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


107 


'TTTLANTIC  DYNAMITE  CO.,    (.Successors  to  Atlantic  (ii.int  Powder  Co.,)  Giant  Powder.  Small   &  Schrader, 
h^      General  Agents,  Offices  No.  24.5  Broadway. — The  largest  and  most  notable  concern  engaged  in  the  produc- 
/  M.     tion  and  sale  of  explosives  and  accessories  for  blasting  purposes  in  the  whole  world  is  that  of  the  Atlantic 
'  Dynamite  Co..  (successors  io  Atlantic  (iiant  Powder  Co.)  whose  eastern  offices,  Small  &  Schrader,  general 

agents,  are  located  at  No.  24T>  Broadway.  They  are  manufacturers  of  .and  dealers  in  Giant  Powder,  Batteries,  Electric 
Fuses  and  kindred  articles,  '.vith  works  at  Kenvil,  N.  J.,  and  principal  offices  in  San  Francisco,  and  altogether  their 
business,  which  extends  throughout  the  entire  American  continent,  is  exceedingly  large,  the  total  .annual  .sales  reach- 
ing a  han<lsome  figure.  The  productions  of  the  company  are  noted  for  their  efficacy,  reliability  and  all  other  features 
of  merit,  oeing  by  universal  opinion  the  most  superior  goods  of  the  kind  produced  in  the  United  States,  and  have 
secured  an  (..iduiing  hold  on  favor  among  quarrymen,  contractors  and  engineers  all  over  the  entire  country.  Their 
Giant  Powder  is  conceded  to  be  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  high  explosives,  the  most  powerful,  perfect  and  effective  com- 
IHiand  for  the  purposes  intended  ever  placed  on  the  market,  and  is  truly  a  triumph  of  science  and  art.     The  man- 


Crrr  Hall  and  County  Cocrt-Hoose. 


ufacturing  plant  is  very  extensive  .and  completely  equipped  in  every  respect,  all  the  latest  improved  appli<ances  and 
appurtenances  being  in  service  therein,  while  employment  is  furnished  to  a  big  force  of  help  at  the  works.  The 
New  York  l)rancli,  which  controls  the  trade  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  was  established  in  1S70,  and  under  the 
present  efficient  man.agement  it  has  ever  since  been  conducted  with  uninterrupted  success,  the  business  transacted 
in  this  city  being  of  a  most  substantial  character.  The  quarters  occupied  at  No.  24.5  Broadway  are  spacious,  com- 
modious, and  finely  appointed,  and  a  dozen  clerks  are  here  employed,  everything  about  the  place  bespeaking 
excellent  man.agement.  A  large  and  complete  stock  is  always  kept  on  hand  at  the  w.arehouse  of  the  comp.any  in 
New  Jersey,  and  includes  beside  Giant  Powder  .and  Dynamite,  Batteries  anid  Electric  Fuses,  also  Blasting  Caps  and 
Fuses.  All  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  indicated  are  attended  to  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  man- 
ner, while  the  prices  quoted  are  always  maintained  at  lowest  consistent  figures,  and  all  correspondence  relative  to 
terms,  goods,  etc.,  receive  prompt  response.  Messrs.  G.  S.  Small  and  John  C.  Schrader,  the  eastern  representatives, 
are  both  men  of  thorough  exjierience,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  excellent  business  .ability,  .and  have  sub-agents  at  all 
points  where  blasting  powder  is  used. 


108 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


"3IVIILUN23.( 


nEW  YORK  BELTING  AND  PACKING  COMPANY,  Limited,  John  H.  Clieever,  J.  D.  Cheever,  and  F. 
Cazenove  Jones,  Managers,  Wm.  T.  Baird,  Secretary,  No.  l.i  Park  Row.— Witliin  a  period  of  less  than  half 
a  century  the  India  rubber  industry  has  grown  from  insignificant  proportions  to  vast  magnitude  in 
this  country.  And  it  may  be  added,  the  improvement  effected  in  the  productions  has  fully  kept  pace 
therewith.  These  last  remarks  are  true  especially  of  the  particular  branch  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of 
rubber  articles  for  mechanical  purposes  and  kindred  uses,  and  in  which  a  degree  of  excellence  akin  to 
perfection  has  been  attained  by  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers,  notably  the  New  York  Belting  and 
Packing  Company,  Limited,  whose  office  and  warehouse  are  located  at  No.  1.5  Park  Row,  and  who  turn  out 
a  class  of  goods  of  exceptional  merit.  What  with  discovery  in  chemical  processes,  new  and  improved  methods 
in  the  preparation  of  the  material,  invention  and  sustained  effort,  the  productions  of  this  noted  and  widely 
known  concern  are  a  distinct  triumph  of  science  and  art.  Their  Vulcanized  Rubber  fabrics.  Vulcanite  Emery 
Wheels,  Machine  Belting,  .Steam  Packing,  Hose  Tubing  and  kindred  articles  are  by  universal  assent  the  most 
perfect,  effective,  durable,  reliable  and  altogether  superior  goods  of  the  kind  ever  placed  on  the  market,  and 
command  an  immense  sale  throughout  the  whole  world.  They  are,  in  a  word,  conceded  to  be  the  ne  plus  ultra  of 
rubber  goods  for  mech.anical  purposes,  being  manufactured  in  accordance  with  exact  scientific  principles  and  a 
perfect  formula,  the  result  of  forty-six  years  of  observation,  comparison  and  experiment;  and  of  their  superiority 
certainly  no  more  inifailing  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the  enduring  hold  these  productions  have  secured  on 
favor  in  all  parts  of  the  civilized  planet.  The  factories  of  the  company,  too,  are  the  most  extensive  and  best 
equipped  plant  of  the  kind  in  existence,  with  the  most  improved  machinery,  appliances  and  appurtenances,  while 
upward  of  five  hundred  hands  are  employed.  This  company  are  owners  besides  of  numerous  valuable  patents 
covering  dift'erent  processes  incidental  and  indispensable  to  the  making  of  belting,  jiacking  and  hose  in  best 
manner,  and  particularly  for  machine  belting,  vulcanized  between  layers  of  patent  metallic  alloy  by  which  the 
stretch  is  entirely  taken  out,  the  surface  made  perfectly  smooth  and  the  sulistance  thoroughly  and  evenly  vulcan- 
ized ;  and  their  goods  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard  of  excellence.  This  flourishing  and  notable 
enterprise  of  which  John  H.  Cheever  was  the  founder,  had  inception  in  184(5.  and  was  incorporated  under  the 
laws  of  the  state  of  Connecticut,  the  capital  stock  being  i?l. 000.000.  It  is  the  very  oldest  as  well  as  the 
lai'gest  and  leading  concern  in  the  line  indicated  in  the  United  States,  and  its  trade,  which  is  both  whole- 
sale and  retail,  is  full.y  commensurate  with  the  name  and  standing  of  the  comi)any.  the  total  annual  sales 
reaching  a  handsome  figure.  Tlie  premises  occupied  on  Park  How  comprise  a  ground  fioor  30  x  1-50  feet  and 
basement,  and  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed,  with  sever.al  representatives  on  the  road,  in 
addition.  A  very  large  .and  comprehensive  a.ssortment  is  constantly  carried  on  li.ind  here,  and  includes  besides 
vulcanized  rubber  fabrics,  vulcanite  emer.y  wheels,  rubber  belting,  rubber  packing,  machine  belting,  steam 
packing,  hose  tubing,  etc. :  also  linen  and  cotton  hose,  car  springs,  mats  and  matting,  gaskets,  valves  for  pumps, 
rubber  buckets,  saw  bands,  wringer  rolls  and  a  multifarious  collection  of  useful,  ingcninus  and  novel  rubber 
articles.  With  unequalcd  manufacturing  facilities,  exceptional  resources,  world-wide  business  connections  and 
other  substantial  manifest  advantages,  the  New  York  Belting  and  Packing  Company.  Limited,  are  in  a  posi- 
tion to  offer  inducements  to  dealers  and  large  consumers  quoting  prices  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  trade, 
while  every  article  sold  is  fully  warranted:  and  all  orders  are  attended  in  the  most  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner, 
the  managers  mentioned  above  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail  of  the  bu.siness. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  109 

DUNLAP  &  CO.,  Hatters,  Nos.  178  and  ISO  P'ifth  Avemie.— Tlie  facilities  afforded  to  the  public  to  gratify  their 
tastes  for  the  beautiful,  the  reliable  and  the  perfect  iu  tlieir  attire,  have  year  by  year  enlarged  the  field  and 
created  a  constantly  increasing  demand  for  the  best  and  most  truthful  exposition  of  the  current  styles  and  of 
fashion's  mandate.  A  notable  illustration  is  alfovded  in  the  career  of  Messrs.  Dunlap  ife  Co.,  the  representa- 
tive American  hatters,  whose  distinctive  tiualifications  have  become  universally  recognized,  and  whose  great  skill 
and  sterling  spirit  of  enterprise  lead  the  trade  in  tine  hats  and  receive  that  silent  homage,  the  imitation  of  would-be 
competitors.  This  house  was  established  in  18.57,  by  Mr.  Robert  Dunlap  who  is  still  sole  proprietor,  and  who  has 
during  all  these  years  manufactured  and  sold  the  finest  of  hats  to  the  fashionable  public  of  New  York,  and  all  over 
tlie  United  States.  His  original  location  was  No.  .5.57  Broadway,  but  about  twenty  years  ago  he  established  his  head- 
quarters at  Nos.  178  and  180  Fifth  Avenue,  near  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel.  Here  he  occupies  two  floors,  50  x  100  feet 
each,  one  devoted  to  the  wholesale  and  one  to  the  retail  department,  while  a  branch  store  is  also  operated  at  No. 
181  Broadway,  near  Cortlandt  Street.  Mr.  Dunlap  brings  to  bear  the  art  and  judgment  of  the  designer  and  critic,  as 
well  as  the  ripened  experience  of  the  manufacturer.  Every  hat  bearing  the  Dunlap  trade  mark  is  a  gem  of  art  and 
taste,  and  so  well  understood  is  this  fact  that  the  resources  of  the  house  are  taxed,  after  meeting  its  enormous  city 
patronage,  to  supply  the  demands  at  wholesale,  for  the  Dunlap  hats  are  typical  in  every  city  in  the  Union.  All 
that  is  the  best  is  embodied  in  their  production.  They  are  decidedly  the  best  hats  worn  to-day,  while  that  inde- 
finable element,  style,  is  always  imparted.  The  factory  for  their  production  is  located  in  Brooklyn,  and  is  a  sub- 
stantial four-story  building,  300  x  200  feet  in  dimensions,  supplied  with  three  large  steam  engines  and  five  boilers 
and  having  its  own  electric  plant  for  ligl'iting  the  works.  It  is  the  largest  and  best  equipped  factory  of  the  kind  in 
the  world.  The  output  comprises  everything  in  silk,  felt  and  straw  hats,  while  the  firm  import  the  latest  novelties 
and  styles  of  English  hats,  so  that  their  stores  everywhere  display  a  full  line  of  gentlemen's  flue  hats  of  every 
description,  besides  riding  hats,  steamer  and  tourist  hats,  traveling  caps  and  headwear  for  all  seasons,  in  a  pi-o- 
fusion  of  styles  nowhere  else  duplicated.  The  firm  are  represented  by  the  leading  hatter  in  every  state  and  com- 
mercial center  iu  the  Union,  and  operate  their  own  houses  at  Nos.  171  and  173  State  Street,  Chicago,  and  No.  914 
Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia.  Dunlap  &  Co.  have  the  permanent  patronage  of  those  most  eminent  in  public  life, 
and  every  new  customer  is  a  permanent  .addition  to  the  wide  cii-cles  in  society  that  prefer  to  wear  Dunlap' s  hats  to 
those  of  any  other  make.  All  who  patronize  their  stores  can  rely  on  securing  the  correct  style  at  the  earliest 
moment  and  of  being  able  to  select  from  the  most  varied  stock  in  .-Vmerica.  Mr.  Dunlap  is  a  native  New  Yorker, 
still  .app.arently  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  not  only  the  best  known  hatter  iu  the  United  States,  but  also  one  of  the 
leading,  most  popular  and  successful  merchants  of  the  metropolis. 


T|ir  STACHELBERG  &  CO.,  Havana  Cigar  Makers  and  Importers,  Nos.  159  and  161  South  Fifth  Avenue.— 
/jlI  Illustrative  of  the  enviable  proportions  to  which  well-directed  cigar  manufacturing  enterprises  may 
^  \.m  attain  in  this  city  by  persistent  and  painstaking  business  effort,  combined  with  well  trained  technical 
knowledge,  is  the  eminent  house  of  M.  Stachelberg  &  Co.,  a  firm  well  known  by  cigar  dealers  and 
smokers  iu  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  with  whom  it  transacts  a  regular  business  of  enormous  magnitude.  This 
])rosperous  undertaking  was  founded  by  Stachelberg  &  Delker  in  18.57.  and  conducted  by  them  until  1861,  when  the 
latter  retired,  and  the  former  carried  on  the  business  alone  until  1873,  when  he  admitted  Mr.  M.  Kind  to  partner- 
ship. For  thirteen  years  this  co-partnership  existed,  the  junior  partner  retiring  in  1886  in  favor  of  the  two  sons 
of  the  senior.  During  these  changes  in  the  jiprsonnel  of  the  firm,  the  house  was  rapidly  gaining  headway,  and 
achieving  lasting  f.ame,  .and  to-day  it  has  few  rivals,  even  in  this  city,  in  the  manufacture  of  Havana  cigars.  So  rapid 
and  considerable,  indeed,  has  been  the  development  of  the  trade  which  attaches  to  the  firm,  since  its  original  loca- 
tion at  Houston  Street,  that  it  has  had  occasion  repeatedly  to  seek  better  accommodation,  and  has  occupied  premises 
successively  at  Liberty  .Street,  Cedar  .Street,  Pearl  Street,  and  at  the  corner  of  Liberty  and  Temple  Streets,  finally 
removing  to  its  present  handsome  and  commodious  five-story  building  at  Nos.  159  and  161  South  Fifth  Avenue. 
Here  each  story  is  -50  x  100  feet  in  superficial  area,  and  no  less  than  three  hundred  cigar  makers  and  otliers  are 
employed.  Another  factory  owned  by  the  firm  is  at  Morrisania,  N.  Y.,  and  this  has  a  staff  of  fifty  expert  cigar 
makers,  the  specialty  at  the  latter  establishment  being  the  use  of  Havana  wrappers  with  Connecticut  filling.  The 
feature  which  pre-eminently  distinguishes  the  firm  is  the  manufacture  of  the  very  finest  H.avana  cigai's,  and  the  fact 
that  the  extensiveness  of  its  operations  in  Cuba  enables  it  to  purchase,  and  therefore  to  sell  at  rock-bottom  figures. 
It  should'  be  mentioned  that  the  house  runs  yet  another  factory,  the  third,  located  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  giving 
emjiloyment  to  seventy  hands.  Besides  the.se,  the  firm  also  have  a  factory  and  warehouse  in  Havana,  Cuba,  in  the 
former  of  which  is  "stripped"  all  of  the  fillers  used,  thus  giving  them  the  benefit  of  the  Havana  climate.  The 
latter  is  used  for  storage,  and  tobaccos  are  shipped  to  New  York  only  .as  they  are  needed  for  manufa  ture,  and  in 
thorough  condition  to  be  worked,  thus  obviating  any  danger  of  their  losing  any  of  their  natural  or  acquired  flavo;-. 
Traveling  salesmen  rej)resent  the  house  upon  the  road,  and  its  s.ales  are  as  far  reaching  as  its  operations  are  exten- 
sive. The  proprietors  are  Mr.  M.  Stachelberg,  a  gentleman  of  fifty-four  years,  of  Russian  birth,  who  reached 
this  city  in  1S.55.  and  his  two  sons,  Mr.  Charles  G.  and  Mr.  Ed.  J.  Stachelberg,  young  men  born  in  New  York.  The 
former  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Fraternity. 


110  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

»ttLFRED  W.  LADD,  Dealer  in  Locomotives  aud  Cars  of  all  Descriptions,  No.  44  Broadway. — For  a  quarter  of  a 
fj\      century  or  so,  Alfred  W.  Ladd,  dealer  in  locomotives  and  cars  of  ail  descriptions,  also  geueral  contractor  for 
/  Jl.     railroad  supplies  aud  construction.  No.  44  Broadway,  bas  been  exieusively  engaged  in  the  line  indicated,  aud 
•  during  the  entire  period  lias  been  a  prominent  and  distinct  factor  in  this  important  sphere  of  activity.     He 

is,  in  fact,  one  of  the  oldest,  and  about  the  leading  ami  best  known  re)iresentative  of  the  particular  branch  of 
business  above  noted  in  the  country,  aud  receives  a  measure  of  recognitinu  fully  commensurate  with  his  name 
and  standing.  Mr.  Ladd,  who  is  now  a  gentleman  somewhat  past  the  meridian  of  life,  but  active  and  vigorous, 
was  born  at  Augusta,  Me.,  and  lias  resided  in  New  York,  off  and  on,  for  some  fifty  odd  years.  He  is  a  man  of  the 
highest  personal  integrity,  thoroughly  resjion.sible  in  all  his  undertakings,  as  well  as  of  energy,  enterprise,  and 
sagacity,  with  a  varied  aud  successful  business  experience  exteiuling  over  half  a  century,  and  is  highly  regarded 
and  deservedly  esteemed,  both  in  commercial  and  railway  circles.  Mr.  Ladd  occupies  commodious  and  well- 
appointed  quarters,  an  office  on  the  fifth  tloor  of  No.  44  Broadway,  aud  employs  an  ethcient  clerical  staff,  giving 
close  attention  himself  to  every  detail.  He  enjoys  exceptional  facilities  for  executing  orders  for  locomotives  and 
cars  of  every  size,  style  aud  variety,  together  with  all  kinds  of  railroad  materials,  including  rails,  timber,  ties, 
bolts,  nuts  and  kindred  supplies  generally  ;  and  is  enabled  to  offer  substantial  inducements,  quoting  the  very 
lowest  prices  at  which  such  can  possibly  be  sold.  Railroad  contractors  are  supplied  also,  with  all  requisites  for 
construction  and  road  bed,  aud  railroad  bonds  are  negotiated  for  building  new  roads,  while  contracts  are  taken  for 
building  railroads  likewise.  In  short,  all  classes  of  business  pertaining  to  railway  coiistiuction,  equipment  and 
supplies  are  engaged  in,  and  new  enterprises  promoted,  and  all  contracts  aud  undertakings  assumed  by  this 
gentleman  ai-e  certain  to  be  performed  in  the  most  expeditious,  trustworthy  aud  satisfactory  inaiiiier.  Mr.  Ladd, 
who  has  supplied  railroads  all  over  the  United  states  and  Mexico,  the  West  Indies,  Centra!  and  South  America, 
Spain,  and  other  countries  of  Europe,  is  just  now  building  sixty  miles  of  railway  in  Alabama  (Birmingham),  a 
ninety-two  mile  road  running  into  Alabama,  and  is  also  doing  the  work  on  the  Astor  railway  in  Florida. 

THE  FIFTH  AVENUE  SAFE  DEPOSIT  COMPANY,  No.  190  Fifth  Avenue,  Corner  Twenty-third  Street, 
has  a  genuine  fire  and  burglar-proof  vault,  planned  expressly  with  a  view  to  affording  the  best  attainable 
facilities  for  the  security  and  safe  keeping  of  valuables  of  every  description,  such  as  wills,  deeds,  insur- 
ance policies,  savings  bank  books  and  other  papers,  as  well  as  jewels,  etc.  This  company  was  incorporated 
in  1880,  with  a  capital  of  §100,000,  and  is  officered  as- follows,  viz.,  president.  Win.  C.  Brewster  ;  vice-president  and 
treasurer,  George  Montague  ;  superintendent,  Daniel  C.  Silleck  ;  trustees  Henry  A.  Hurlburt,  Alfred  B.  Darling, 
John  L.  Bicker,  Wm.  C.  Brewster,  George  Montague,  Chas.  B.  Fosdick.  George  Sherman,  George  W.  Carleton, 
Wm*.  P.  St.  John,  Wm.  R.  Browne,  Daniel  C.  Silleck,  Augustus  C.  Downing.  The  offices  of  this  company  are 
entered  through  the  Second  National  Bank  building,  and  are  patroled  night  and  day  by  armed  watchmen,  while 
the  watch  on  the  vault  never  ceases,  and  upon  Sundays  and  holidays  they  are  always  visited  by  inspectors  who 
examine  the  exterior  of  the  vaults  and  all  parts  of  the  premises  to  see  that  everything  is  in  proper  order.  These 
and  other  safeguards,  which  for  prudential  reasons  are  not  published,  make  the  vaults  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Safe 
Deposit  Company  one  of  the  most  secure  in  the  world.  It  is  the  policy  of  the  company  to  keep  pace  with  the 
times,  aud  by  adding  every  improvement  which  experience  may  suggest  to  increase  the  security  of  its  fire  and 
burglar-proof  vaults.  The  price  charged  by  this  company  for  all  the  advantages  offered  is  of  very  small 
moment  compared  with  the  attainment  of  absolute  safety  and  securi 

Tfir  ILLER  ct  HUBER,  Flour  Merchants,  Nos.  1-^  Water  and  l(j  Front  Streets,  Office  No.  1.5  Water  Street.— The 
/JlI  demands  of  a  city  like  New  Y'oik  for  staple  agricultural  products,  such  as  flour,  for  instance,  are  of 
jL  jL  themselves  very  large;  and  when  to  these  is  added  the  wants  of  her  contiguous  and  dependent  territory, 
some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  immense  quantities  of  this  leading  food  commodity  which  are  handled 
by  her  wholesale  merchants.  Great  as  the  demand  has  been  in  the  pa.st.  it  is  annually  increasing  as  the  popula- 
tion increases,  the  old  established  houses  natur.illy  securing  the  larger  part  of  the  increased  trade.  The  largest 
flour  jolibing  trade  in  the  city  is  carried  on  by  the  house  of  Messrs.  Miller  &  Huber.  who  have  long  been  estab- 
lished, and  have  developed  an  enormous  patronage,  they  handling  annually  nearly  200,000  barrels  of  flour.  The 
demand  supplied  is  chiefly  in  New  York  and  its  vicinity,  while  the  firm  also  export  some  to  Europe  and  South 
America.  They  purchase  goods  in  from  one  thousand  to  five  thousand  barrel  lots,  and  always  carry  a  very  large 
assortment  of  flour  in  stock.  The  premises  used  for  the  transaction  of  the  business  consist  of  buildings  having  a 
width  of  2.5  feet  aud  running  through  the  block  a  depth  of  160  feet,  from  No.  15  Water  Street  to  No.  10  Front  Street 
near  Broad  Street.  The  buildings  are  filled  with  a  very  heavy  stock,  and  some  thousands  of  barrels  of  "flour  are 
stored  in  outside  warehouses.  As  the  firm  buy  strictly  for  cash  and  in  such  large  quantities,  they  are  in  a  position 
to  quote  prices  that  defy  successful  competition.  The  co-partners  are  Messrs.  Edward  L.  Miller  and  Fred  T. 
Huber,  the  former  a  native  of  this  city  and  resident  of  Brooklyn,  the  latter  a  Pennsylvanian  and  resident  of  New 
York  twenty  years.  They  are  both  members  of  the  Produce  Exchange  and  favorably  and  popularly  known  in  the 
commercial  community.  On  the  1st  of  May.  1S01.  Jlr.  John  L.  Bruning.  a  nati-ve  of  this  city,  and  for  many  years 
connected  with  tlie  firm,  was  admitted  to  an  interest  in  the  business.  The  facilities  of  the  house  for  promptly 
filling  orders,  however  large,  are  unsurpassed,  and  those  entering  into  business  relations  with  it  m.ay  feel  confi- 
dent of  receiving  such  treatment  as  is  in  accord  with  its  long  and  honorable  career. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


Ill 


CIIAULES  A.  STELTMAXX,  iLuiufiictiu'er  of  Whalebone,  Xos.  SS  and  90  Walker  Street,  Between  Rmailway 
anil  Elm  Street. — Few,  it  indeed  any  at  all,  aniong  the  number  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  whalebone  in 
New  York  are  mure  widely  known  than  Cliarles  A.  Steltinann,  whose  estalilishment  is  located  at  Nos.  8Sand 
90  Walker  .Street,  between  Broadway  and  Elm  Street.  lie  i.s  certainly  one  of  the  leading  representatives  of 
the  branch  of  industry  indicated  in  the  city,  turning  out  a  very  superior  class  of  work,  and  his  trade,  which  is  large 
and  active,  extends  practically  to  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.     Mr.    Steltmann,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  middle 


bROAD  Street,  North  to  Vs'all  Street. 


age,  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  resided  in  this  country  for  many  years.  He  is  a  man  of  practical  ."ikill  in  bis 
line,  as  well  as  of  energy  .and  thorough  e.xperience,  and  is  master  of  his  art  in  its  eveiy  detail,  lie  established 
him.selt  in  business  in  lS7^,.and  during  the  intervening  period  has  been  steadily  winning  his  way  to  favor  and 
patronage.  The  quarters  occupied  by  him  as  otBci'  and  factory  comprise  the  whole  of  a  50  x  100  double  floor, 
with  ample  and  complete  facilities,  and  some  fourteen  expert  h.ands  are  employed.  Mr.  Steltmann  buys  large 
qnantities  of  whalebimc  in  its  crude  state,  prepares  the  same  and  manufactures  it  into  v.arious  sizes  and  shapes 
for  corsets  and  dresses  and  also  for  other  purposes,  turning  out  work  to  oider  exclusively.  His  i>rices  are  invaria- 
bly the  very  lowest  figures  consistent  with  quality  of  material  and  character  of  woik.  and  all  orders  are  executed  in 
the  most  expeditious  manner,  the  proprietor  himself  giving  close,  personal  attention  to  every  detail,  and  relations 
once  entered  into  with  this  gentb-man  arc  certain  to  lead  to  a  perm.anent  business  connection. 


112 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


VALTMAN  &  BRO.,  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Fine  Furs,  No.  5  East  Nineteenth  Street,  between 
Fifth  Avenue  and  Broadway. — A  conspicuously  prominent  place  in  the  front  ranks  of  fine  fur  manufac- 
•  turers  and  importers  is  being  taken  by  Messrs.  V.  Altman  &  Bro.,  who  initiated  their  business  at  No.  5 
East  Nineteenth  Street,  in  October,  1890;  the  rapid  headway  made  by  the  young  firm  finding  its  exjdan.a- 
tiou  in  the  fact  that  its  principals,  who  are  of  German  birth,  have  made  themselves  thoroughly  familiar  with  the 
requirements  of  the  American  markets  during  their  ten  years  of  residence  in  this  country,  and  that  they  brought 
with  them  from  the  old  country  a  thorough  practical  training  in  the  general  details  of  the  trade  acquired  under 
their  father,  who  has  long  conducted  a  successful  business  in  the  same  line  in  Germany.  All  kinds  of  furs  are 
largely  imported  by  the  house,  and  made  up  into  every  description  of  ladies'  and  gentlemen's  garments,  such  as 
jackets,  finest  imported  cloth  jackets  trimmed  with  all  kinds  of  furs,  sacques,  cloaks,  muffs,  capes,  etc.,  the  man- 
ufacture of  garments  and  capes  to  order  being  a  special  feature  of  the  establishment  and  one  in  connection  with 
which  it  has  already  a  very  liberal  and  influential  patronage.  The  store  on  East  Nineteenth  Street  is  as  handsome 
as  it  is  commandingly  located  near  Fifth  Avenue,  and  the  fine  display  of  goods  within  is  thoroughly  in  correspond- 
ence, alike  in  the  heaviness  of  the  stock  carried  and  in  respect  to  its  comprehensive  character  robes,  mats  and  all 
things  incidental  to  a  business  of  the  kind  being  shown  in  great  profusion  at  prices  that  challenge  comparison 
when  the  really  high  quality  of  the  goods  and  the  excellent  finish  which  distinguishes  them  is  taken  into 
consideration.  The  scope  of  the  business  embraces  both  foreign  and  domestic  furs,  at  both  wholesale  and  retail. 
and  extends  to  various  parts  of  the  country,  a  competent  force  of  expert  workers  being  engaged  in  the  industrial 
operations  upon  the  premises,  which  consist  of  a  floor  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions.  They  are  regarded  as  the  finest 
designers  of  the  latest  styles,  visiting  Paris  every  year  to  secure  a  knowledge  of  the  newest  and  most  exquisite 
styles  as  soon  as  they  appear. 

THE  GUTTA  PERCIIA  AND  RUBBER  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing  and  Hose,  No 
So  Warren  Street. — Not  in  many  branches  of  industry  h.as  there  been  made  more  remarkable  progress  dur- 
ing the  past  few  decades  in  this  country  than  in  rubber  manufacture.  And  this  applies  particularly  to  the 
special  lines  devoted  to  the  production  of  rubber  goods  for  mechanical  purposes.  What  with  improved 
chemical  processes,  invention  and  sustained  effort,  a  degree  of  excellence  akin  to  perfection  has  been  attained  in 
the  class  of  articles  indicated  by  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers,  notably,  by  the  Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber 
Manufacturing  Co.,  of  No.  3.5  Warren  Street,  this  city,  whose  rubber  belting,  packing  and  hose  have  secured  dis- 
tinct recognition  throughout  the  civilized  world.  They  manu- 
facture a  line  of  vulcanized  rubber  goods  for  the  purpose  above 
referred  to,  of  exceptional  merit,  their  justly  famed  Maltese 
Cross  Brand  Carbolized  Fire  Hose,  and  their  Slonarcli  Belting, 
being  triumphs  of  skill,  and  their  productions  altogether  ai-e 
not  only  in  wide  and  growing  demand  all  over  the  United 
States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  but  are  exported  extensively  also 
to  Central  and  South  America,  Australia,  China  and  Japan. 
This  flourishing  and  noteworthy  concern,  which  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  leading  enterprises  of  this  kind  in  existence,  was 
established  in  18.55,  and  from  its  inception  down  to  the  present 
day  has  been  conducted  with  uninterrupted  success.  The  fac- 
tory of  the  companj'  which  is  located  in  Brooklyn  is  a  capa^ 
clous  structure,  operated  by  full  steam-power  and  equipped 
with  the  latest  improved  machinery,  appliances,  etc.,  and  em- 
ployment is  furnished  therein  to  a  large  force  of  employees. 
The  premises  on  Warren  Street  occupy  the  whole  of  a  commo- 
dious five-story  double  building,  known  as  the  Para  Building, 
with  handsome,  well  appointed  offices,  ample  shipping  depart- 
ment and  spacious  salesrooms.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment 
is  always  carried  in  stock,  comprising  rubber  belting,  packing 
and  hose  of  every  description,  the  specialty  being  the  cele- 
brated Maltese  Cross  Brand  of  carbolized  hose.  <vnd  the  Monarch, 
Maltese  Cross,  Red  Strip  and  Mohawk  brand  of  rubber  belting. 
All  orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most  exijeditious  and  trust- 
worthy manner,  everything  about  the  establishment  bespeaking  order  and  excellent  management.  Every  arti- 
cle sold  by  this  time-tested  and  responsible  house  is  fully  warranted,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  maintained  at 
the  very  lowest  possible  figures  consistent  with  strictly  first-class,  high-grade  goods,  the  most  liberal  Inducements 
being  offered  to  the  trade,  and  all  correspondence  of  a  business  nature  receives  prompt  response.  The  Gutta 
Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing  Co.,  which  has  branch  houses  at  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  and  Portland,  Ore.,  Is 
a  regularly  incorporated  concern,  and  the  officers  of  the  same  are,  A.  Spadone,  president,  H.  E.  Spadone,  vice- 
president,  Matthew  Harwe.  treasurer.  These  are  all  men  of  full  middle  age,  active,  energetic  and  devoted  to 
their  business,  and  are  well  and  favorably  known  'n  commercial  circles. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


113 


^TE  VUC.I  BROTHERr^Hnuf^IInvevs  of  Pi-o-ForteActfo.s   Telephone  (^^^^^ 

W       Avenue.  -Althou-zh  tbe  \  mPr.can  people  are  youns      the  ^^ >  ^  < >;  "^^,^  ^ ^,     'J'f „^^^^        tl,e  most  prominent  posl- 

laUor  into  spe.-i.al  brandies,  of  which  the  most  impoitant  is  tiie  ™'y;"  ■;V"'"1'     !     ^  ^       .,.>   .,4  90  2S  and  30  Tenth 

enuaV'd  in  this  line  is  that  of  tjje  Messrs.  Strand.  Ivos^.  -'^i;- J.^.^/'^^,;^,  "^^i^ft'^  oteTestah^^^^^^^^  fonnded 

Avenne.N...  57  Little  W.  Twelfth  Street,  and  ^o. -WW    rhiiteenthbtie^^        1  ^^^^^  _^_^^ 

by  Mr.  P.  D.  Strnnch.  who  had  served  Ins  ■'^Pl";''"^';:^ ,'lXd  h  m  s  a'pai'iie.  A  ter  a  few'years  he  sold  his 
pLno-action  inanufaotnrers  of  this  '''^^"'^y^b^^^^^^f^^ ^^  C1^^^J^,Ia  here  the  manufnctnre  of 
ntevest  in  this  business,  and  .•omm-  to  New  \^' 1^, Z^,  ""  V '^'„,\'^^f„\  ,  '^/f  '^ ],p  „,.a„d  and  nprisht  piano  aetion  then 
piano-actions.     Observation  and  experience  '''''f  ,<^'''  ^  '^"^""1 "  f,.';, '' "^^^^  Construct  an  action  that  would 

n  use,  were  capable  of  sreat  nnprovement,  «'"'  '<-.  l^^''^!;-^,  "i=^V,  loie  P  "^^^^^^^^^^^  as  well  as  a  more  musical  tone, 
■n-eatly  aid  the  American  piano  maker  m  Ins  etTo.ts  f  '  3"'^^'^^'^.  "  ,™„^^  the  standard  So.  puttii.'.  aside  inaiiv  of  the 
than  could  be  obtained  from  -^'Y  E;"-P^an  instniniei  t  w  ^^^ -^^^^<^^^'  Tloush  meeting  with  many  disappoint- 
old  ideas,  methods  and  models  he  set  to  \\oik  «ith  "«":'"'."'},-''';" ',,'  .,,^t  the  "  Strauch  "  action  ranked  as  the 
ments,  he  persevered,  till  tinally.  it  was  g^.-^r^"?:.^'!  ""*  "\  "   ^^^f^,^  'Strauch  "  house,  by  the  record 

hi-hest  expression  of  the  action  maker  s  skill,  /'f 'f.^ ''w  t^t  fi^i  te  li  ence  and  eenius  of  the  piano  trade,  nor 
„f  what  it  has  actually  accx>m,dished.  >V"^\''"i"  VX  t  le  Imm-o^^^^^^  «"'  '<^="''"~  inventors  in 

that  it  has  always  striven. to  ^^.^^k  .a„d  in  ha  d  fo  ^^^'^^^^l,  ^^^^,  't„a„  halt  a  dozen  employees,  fie  has, 
the  different  piano  fac  ones.    ,^t^'*^"S,  as  he  du  ,  m  a  sm  m    a^^^^^  perfection,  so  incrense.l   his  business, 

by  the  merit  ,.f  his  actions  and  constant  f ^^  *  ^*  ^;7,?';'^^f;",^"  V""  ^  if  not  in  the  world.     They  have 

that  to-day  the '-Strauch  'factories  are  the  lai.  est  of  tlielun^^  ^vh  eh  sut  'v  them  with  nearly  a  million  feet  of 
als.>  two  lumber  mills  in  the  northern  part  of  Ne  \o  k  ^^t^'^^'^'^'^^^^V  [';>,  ^,,(^1,  Mr.  P.  H.  Strand,,  are  his  two 
lumber  yearly.  ^Z''^^' l'\r^'%v-u""%'^^^^^^^^^  action  makers,  as  well  as  thorou<rh 

s.>us.  Mr.  Albert  T.  and  Mr.  AVilbam  E.  btraucli.  ^'"^'1  P'.'!"  ,^^\P™"^^^^^^^  tl,e  verv  start  of  their  business,  they 

business  men.     The  history  of  the  house  of  ^h'^^^f^iB™*  f^Vlf^Tno  a^^  possible  point  of  perfec- 

were  animated  with  the  desire  to  br.ns  the  "V"  .f.'^^t  "dV  hcMi  r  tZstTn  ^veiy  way,  to  advance  its  interests,  and  to 
tion,  to  work  with  the  p  ano  trade  as  well  ;^f,  J "' ^*;*^",f  ;f  ,\   ,  ^f  ^"^V.  ^  Ih7  makers  who  never  rested  till 

2::7\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  '^"^'^"^^  ^"'  ^°"'""^  '"'^''''' 

the  piano  trade  renowned  for  its  stability,  inteRrity  and  enterprise. 


114  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

nrr      IIEALY  &  sons,  Hides  and  Leather,  Healy  Building,  Corner  Gold  and  Ferry  Streets. — No  section  of  the 
FJ       city  is  more  widely  known  to  the  commercial  world  than  "  The  Swamp,"'  so-called,  the  great  center  of  the 
/  X  •  traffic  in  hides  and  leather.     One  of  the  leading  houses  in  this  famous  district  and  one  which  is  the  oldest 
•  representative  of  the  tanning  industry  is  that  of  Messrs.  A.  Healy  &  Sons,  tanners  and  dealers  in  hides  and 

leather,  Nos.  88  and  90  Gold  Street.  The  history  of  this  concern  is  worthy  of  more  than  passing  notite ;  the  business 
was  established  in  1839  by  Mr.  Aaron  Healy  and  Mr.  Small.  Later  the  firm  became  Thomas  Small  &  Co.,  located  at 
No.  11  Ferry  Street,  and  in  1844  removed  to  No.  Sin  that  street.  In  1852  the  firm  was  changed  to  Small  A-  Healy, 
with  Jonathan  Thorne  as  special  partner.  In  1856  Mr.  Healy  became  the  sole  proprietor.  Messrs.  C.  B.  Tlatt  and 
R.  B.  Woodward— now  the  firm  of  Piatt  &  Woodward,  note  brokers  on  Pine  Street — were  bookkeepers  for  Mr.  Healy. 
In  1857  Mr.  Piatt  became  a  partner,  and  in  1801  Mr.  Woodward  joined  the  firm,  which  continued  as'Healy,  Piatt  &  Co. 
from  18(39  to  1873,  when  Messrs.  Piatt  and  Woodward  retired  and  the  house  of  A.  Healy  &  Son  was  formed  by  the  admis- 
sion of  Mr.  A.  Augustus  Healy.  In  1870  Mr.  Frank  Ilealy,  another  son,  became  a  partner,  and  the  present  firm  style  of 
A.  Healy  &  Sons  was  adopted.  In  1865  Mr.  A.  He.aly  bought  the  building  and  factory  then  on  the  corner  of  Gold 
and  Ferry  Streets,  also  the  building  at  No.  90  Gold  Street,  from  James  Kerrigan,  for  $80,(X)0.  He  built  on  the  cor- 
ner a  store  which  has  since  been  displaced  by  the  present  substantial  ten-story  structure  known  as  the  "Healy 
Building,"  and  o^vned  by  him.  The  firm  occupy  the  third  and  fourth  fioors.  The  building  has  a  frontage  of  92  feet 
on  Gold  Street,  widening  to  112i  feet  in  rear;  and  on  Ferry  Street  it  is  75  feet  front  and  92  feet  in  rear.  The  entire  area 
comprises  8  700  square  feet.  The  massive  foundations  of  the  building  are  strengthened  by  1100  piles,  over  which  is 
jjlaced  a  solid  bed  of  concrete.  The  structure  is  built  of  brick  and  stone,  and  the  roof  is  surrounded  by  a  parapet 
of  brick  with  coping  of  terra  cotta.  The  floors  are  constructed  of  steel,  concrete  and  masonry,  and  the  building  is 
thoroughly  fiie-proof  throughout.  On  the  roof  is  a  tank  holding  7000  gallons  of  water,  supplied  from  a  driven  well 
on  the  premises.  Through  an  entrance  on  the  Ferry  Street  side,  wagon  loads  of  leather  can  be  driven  in  on  the 
ground  floor.  A  feature  for  the  benefit  of  teamsters  is  the  miniature  railway  system  which  facilitates  operations. 
Three  boilers  of  100  horse-power  each  supply  steam  for  heating  purposes,  and  drive  a  Corliss  tngine  of  1.50  horse- 
power; also  three  smaller  engines  which  operate  two  Otis  freight  and  one  passenger  elevator.  The  fiist  story  of  the 
building  is  fourteen  feet  in  the  clear;  the  other  stories  are  twelve  feet  three  inches.  There  are  complete  lavatory  and 
sanitary  arrangements  on  each  floor.  Mr.  Aaron  Healy  was  born  in  Hollowell,  Me.  He  was  brought  up  in  the  fam- 
ily of  the  late  Nathaniel  Gilman,  his  mother's  brother,  who  lived  in  Waterville,  Me.  Mr.  Gilman  owned  a  brig  "  Kob- 
eit,"  wliich  was  engaged  in  the  African  trade.  Mr.  Healy  made  several  voyages  as  sui)er-cargo  in  this  vessel,  which 
brought  cargoes  of  hides  which  were  sohl  in  New  York  by  Mr.  Small.  Mr.  Healy's  sons  were  born  in  Brooklyn. 
The  firm  carry  a  very  large  general  stock  of  hides  and  leather,  and  tan  the  well-known  Genesee  and  Cattaraugas  hem- 
lock sole  leather.    When  in  full  operation  their  tanneries  turn  out  9000  sides  of  leather  per  week. 

THE  AMERICAN  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Cordage,  Binder  Twine  and  Jute  Bagging  for  Baling  Cot- 
ton, Nos.  10  and  18  Exchange  Place  and  No.  112  Walnut  Street,  St.  Louis. — The  largest  and  best  equipped 
plant  in  the  world  for  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  cordage  has  lately  been  completed  in  Brooklyn  by  the 
American  Manufacturing  Company,  whose  main  offices  are  located  at  Nos.  10  and  18  Exchange  Place,  New- 
York.  This  company  are  the  largest  known  maiuifacturers  of  cordage,  binder  twine  and  jute  bagging  for  baling 
cotton,  and  aie  the  largest  workers  of  fiber  in  the  world.  The  c<mipany  was  foimed  in  1888  by  the  consolidation  of 
eight  companies,  and  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  West  Virginia,  with  a  capital  of  i{i5,0t;0,(;00. 
Its  executive  officers  are  David  Nevius,  president;  Anderson  Gratz,  vice-president;  L.  F.  Jones,  treasurer;  Appleton: 
Sturgis,  secretary.  Mills  are  operated  at  St.  Louis  and  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  a  branch  office  is  also  operated  in 
New  Orleans.  The  extent  and  importance  which  the  manufacture  of  cordage  and  binders' twine  has  attained  in 
tlie  United  States  can  scarcely  be  overestimated,  while  the  large  amount  of  capital  invested  by  this  company,  tlie 
wide  sphere  of  usefulness  which  it  covers,  and  the  great  number  of  operatives  to  whom  itafloids  emi)loyment,  all 
impart  to  this  great  house  a  special  interest  and  importance.  Rope  and  1  inding  twine  will  hereafter  form  a  con- 
siderable part  of  its  business.  They  have  all  the  latest  patented  machinery,  employ  a  force  of  one  thousand  hands 
in  their  Brooklyn  factory  alone,  and  compete  successfully  in  all  markets  on  cordage  as  well  as  bagging.  They  have 
facilities  at  their  own  wharves  for  loading  and  unloading  the  largest  shi])s  that  come  to  this  port,  and  receive  and' 
ship  all  goods  without  cartage.  Their  cordage,  rope  and  binder  twine  and  bagging  is  unsurpassed  for  (piality.  fin- 
ish, strength  an^  uniform  excellence,  while  terms  and  prices  are  quoted  that  cannot  be  duplicated  elsewhere. 
Trade  depressions  in  local  places  do  not  affect  them.  Their  supremacy  is  established  beyond  disjuite,  and  pur- 
chasers in  this  line  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  correspond  with  this  giant  corporation.  Mr.  Stnigis,  the  secre- 
tary, is  a  well-known  citizen  of  New  York,  while  the  affairs  of  the  company  in  this  city  are  under  the  persona] 
management  of  Mr.  Gratz,  the  vice-president,  who  is  thoioughly  experienced  in  tlie  industry,  and  will  be  found 
one  with  whom  it  is  both  pleasant  and  profitable  to  deal. 

CHARLES  VAN  DE  SANDE  &  CO..  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Diamonds,  Watches  and  Jewelry,  No.  198 
Broadway. — One  of  the  well-known  houses  in  the  jewelry  trade  in  this  section  of  the  metropolis  is  that 
which  is  made  the  immediate  subject  of  the  present  sketch.  Although  this  house  has  been  recently  estab- 
lished, Mr.  Van  De  Sande  has  been  connected  with  the  trade  for  upwards  of  twenty-five  years  and  its  pres- 
ent wide  popularity  and  extensive  and  voluminous  business  are  facts  suggestive  of  its  upright,  honorable  methods, 
and  well  directed  and  spirited  management.  The  premises  at  No.  198  Broadway,  are  most  centrally  located,  being 
in  the  trade  center.  The  stock  of  diamonds,  watches  and  jewelry  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  complete  in  every 
department  to  be  met  with  in  the  city  trade,  and  the  house  is  a  headquarters  for  the  best  values  and  newest  and 
most  elegant  designs  in  these  wares.  The  transaction  of  the  large  business  and  the  wholesale  trade  reaches  pretty 
much  all  over  the  country.  Mr.  Van  De  Sande  has  been  a  lesidcnt  of  New  York  for  some  foity-fivc  years,  and  is 
one  of  the  representative  and  honored  city  merchants  in  his  line. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMENCE  OF  NEW  YuKK. 


ii:. 


FOREST    DELANEY   &     SOX,     Leather    ami    Cut    Soles,    Healy    Biiiltlius,    Xos.    SS    aiul   90    Cold   Street. 
Corner  Ferry  Street.— One  of  the  numerous  and  important  branches  of   tlie  great  leather  inteitst  is  well 
and  largely  represented  by  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Forest    Delauey  &  Son,  Nos.  88  and  !I0  Cold  Street,  coiner  of 
Ferry  Street;  the  Healy  Bunding.     The  firm  occupy  the  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth  fioms  of  tliis  splendid 
structure,  each  of  these  floors  giving  as  much  available  working  room  as  the  average  six-story  liuilding  twenty- 
live   feet  front.     On  the   ninth   floor    they    manufncture    all    grades    and    qualities   of    soles,    taps,    top   jiieces, 
etc.,  for  the  finding  trade;   also  bot- 
tom  stock   for   shoe   manufacturer's 
use,  such  as  in-soles,  counters,  shank 
pieces,  lifting,  heeling,  slip  taps,  etc., 
which  are  all  prepared  for  shoe  man- 
ufacturers  and   ready   for   use.      On 
this   floor  they  liave   twenty-six  ma- 
chines in  use  cutting  and  preparing 
this  stock;  they   are  all    high   speed 
machines  and  a  number  of  them  are 
very  large,  weighing  from   three  to 
four  tons,  and  have  very  heavy  cut- 
ting l)eam.s.  The  eighth  floor  is  mostly 
used   by   that   part    of   the   business 
carried  on  under  the  style  of  the  De- 
laney   Manufacturing    Comjjany.     In 
this  branch  they  manufacture  princi- 
pally  carriage    axle    washers    made 
from  solid  sole  leather  and  are  the 
largest  manufacturers  in  this  country. 
Under  tliis  style  they  also  manufac- 
ture the  "  Holdfast  "  wrench,  whip 
sockets,    horseshoe    pads   and    other 
specialties  in  the  carriage  line,  under 
patents  which  tliey  either  own  or  con 
trol.     The   manufacture    of   carriage 
axle  washers  has  developed  into  a  very 
large  business,  and  at  the  present  time 
this  concern  is  accustomed  to  making 
contract  orders  with  individual  con- 
cerns  for  as  many  as   two  or   three 
million   washers  a  year.     They  also 
have  in  use  on  a  part  of  this  floor  a 
number    of    stripping,    rolling    and 
splitting     machines,     for    preparing 
stock  for  the  cut-sole   branch  of  the 
business.     A  part  of  this  floor  is  also 
used  for  the  storage  of  piece  stock 
and  selecting  material   for  washers. 
On  the  .seventh  floor  they  carry  on  the 
jobbing  sole   leather   business.     The 
offices  are  located  on  this  floor.    They 
make   a    specialty   of   grading  stock 
very  fine.     This  has  been  taken  ad- 
vautiige  of  by  manufacturers  making  fine   work,  who  are  able   t,)  get  exactly  what   they   waul  hoth  in  quality  and 
substance,  which  it  would  not  be  possible  for  them  to  get  from  whole  stock  without  giving  them  an  accumulation 
of  grades  which  would  not  be  adapted  to  their  work.     This  firm  u.se  in  all   forty  power  machines,  and  use  steam- 
power  which  is  supplied  from  a  two-hundred  horse-power  plant  in   the  building.     The  number  of  operatives  em- 
ployed is  upward  of  one  hundred.     In  the  sole  leather  johbing  branch  they  carry  a  large  stock  of  trimmed  leather 
such  as  Hemlock    Union  and  Oak  Backs,  butts,  bends  and  striiis;  als,.  all  kinds  of  offal  such  as  shoulders   bellies 
heads   shanks,  whole  heeling,  half  heeling,  splits,  skivings.  etc.     This  concern  was  the  first  house  in  the  "trade  to 
trim  Hemlock  leather  in  large  quantities.     The  general  managcineiit  of  all    this   large  and   varied  business   is  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Joseph  M.  Delaney.  the  .innior  meinlier  of  the  firm.     The  business  was  establisbed   in   l^?-'  by 
Mr.  Forest  Delaney,  and  in  ISS.")  the  present  firm  Wiis  f(umed  bv  the  admission  of  his  scui  to  ])artnership      Mr   Dell' 
ney   Sr.,  has  followed  the  leather  business  for  over  sixty  years,  and   was  formerlv  emploved  as  inspector   .'radiiin- 
stock   both  raw  and  fiuLshed.     His  experience  has  been  general,  extending  to  all'branches  of   (he  trade    iml   he  is 
an  acknowledged  expert  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  leather.  ... 


116 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


NASOX  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Wrought  Iron  Welded  Pipe,  Valves,  Fittiiif;s,  Tools,  Etc.,  No.  71 
Beekin;xn  Street— The  magnitude  of  the  vast  manufacturing  interests  centered  in  the  metropolis  is  well 
illustrated  by  such  houses  as  the  Nason  Manufacturing  Company,  whose  princiiial  office  is  located  at  No.  71 
Beekman  Street.  This  company  are  extensive  manufacturers  of  wrouglit  iron  welded  pipe,  valves,  fittings, 
and  general  supjilies  for  steam,  gas,  water,  ammonia  and  oil;  also  steam  radiatois,  steam  traps  and  all  material 
necessary  to  steam  heating  and  ventil.ating  apparatus;  and  general  steam  and  g.as  fitters'  and  plumbers'  tools  and 
supidies.  The  foundation  of  tlie  business  was  laid  in  1841,  by  Mr.  Joseph  Nason,  who  was  the  originator  of 
niahy  of  the  principles  now  used  in  applying  steam  for  the  warming  of  buildings,  notably  the  horizontal  tubular 
boiler  and  the  "  globe-valve."  In  1884  the  present  company  was  iucor- 
ported  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  is  officered  as  fol- 
lows, viz.:  Carleton  W.  Nason,  president;  Franklin  Darracott,  vice- 
president;  Samuel  Greason,  treasurer.  The  capacity  of  the  works, 
located  at  No.  96  Grand  Street,  Brooklyn,  together  with  the  ample 
capital  invested  and  the  industrial  forces  employed,  all  characterize  it 
as  among  the  leading  concerns  of  its  kind  in  America,  and  one  whose 
superior  products  are  in  heavy  and  increasing  demand  by  dealers  and 
consumers.  The  warehouse  in  this  city  is  a  tliree-story  building,  28  x  125 
feet  in  size,  where  is  always  to  be  found  a  full  and  complete  stock  of 
everything  in  this  line.  Among  the  specialties  may  be  named  Nason's 
Vertical  Wrought  Iron  Welded  Tube  Radiators,  which  combine  ele- 
gance of  form  with  great  utility,  strength,  efficiency  and  durability,  and 
l)ractically  supplant  all  similar  productions  wherever  introduced  and 
tested;  Nason's  New  Steam  and  Hot  Water  Boilers,  called  the 
'■Eiiuator"  and  "Gulf  Stream,"  the  former  constructed  for  steam 
heating  and  the  latter  to  meet  the  rapidly  growing  demand  for 
heating  by  hot  water,  and  which  are  coming  to  the  front  as  the  best 
and  cheapest  boilers  on  the  market;  Nason's  Improved  Hot  Water 
Regulator,  recognized  as  the  standard  device  for  controlling  automati- 
cally the  temperatures  of  all  hot  water  apparatus;  Nason's  "Auto- 
matic" Boiler  Feeder,  for  controlling  the  water  level  of  low  pressure 
boilers  for  dwelling  houses,  stores,  churches,  public  buildings,  etc.; 
Nason's  Damper  Piegulator.  with  safety  attachment;  the  Worthingtou 
Steam  Pumps;  Blake's  improved  boiler  feed  and  tank  or  light  service 
pumps;  Nason's  ejectors  or  syi)hon  i)umps,  for  raising  water  and  con- 
veying li(iuids;  Nason's  improved  quick-opening  elevator  regulating 
valve,  with  balanced  discs;  Nason's  boiler  feed  pump,  working  satis- 
factorily under  2.J0  pounds  ju'essure;  Nason's  patent  steam  trap,  for 
taking  off  the  water  of  condensation  from  steam  pipes,  coils  and  ap- 
paratus employed  in  steam  hea  ting  and  evaporating,  also  largely 
used  in  sugar  houses  and  breweries;  the  Champion  return  steam  trap 

and  boiler  feeder.  Positive  Acting  Pump  Governor;  Kieley's  back  pressure  valve;  Eureka  improved  pres- 
sure regulating  valve;  Hine's  Eliminator,  Nason's  Steam  Glue  Heater;  the  Woithington  water  meter,  automatic 
sprinklers  for  extinguishing  fires;  Nason's  patent  pipe  vise;  the  DuBois  lead  traps;  Saunders'  imjiroved  pipe 
cutting  and  threading  machines;  Jarecki's  patent  die  stock;  Armstrong's  adjustable  stock  and  die;  Parker's  patent 
parallel  vises;  Morris'  automatic  cut-olf  high  speed  engines;  Pickering's  governms;  lap-welded  American  chaicoal 
iron  boiler  tubes,  and  plain  and  galvanized  wrought  iron  pipe.  Here  are  headquarters  for  extra  and  double  extra 
strong  pipe  in  constant  use  by  contractors,  and  special  fittings  of  any  size  for  gas  and  water  piping.  The 
facilities  of  the  house  are  as  perfect  as  its  connections  are  influential;  the  largest  orders  are  filled  immediately 
(in  terms  and  jirices  which  are  not  to  be  duplicated  elsewhere,  and  a  large  and  permanent  trade  has  been  estab- 
lished throughout  the  entire  United  States,  which  is  of  a  character  that  speaks  volumes  for  the  superiority  of  the 
product.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  thoroughly  alive  to  the  wants  and  requirements  of  the  trade,  and  stand 
deservedly  high  as  enterprising  and  progressive  manufacturers  and  reliable,  representative  business  men. 


SP.  KNAPP,  Grain  Merchant.  No.  21  Kemble  Building,  Nos.  15  and  23  Whiteh.all  Street. — This  gentleman  is 
among  the  representative  city  merchants  in  the  commission  grain  trade.  He  has  been  established  in  his 
•  jiresent  business  for  upwards  of  twenty  years,  and  has  long  ranked  among  the  leading  and  most  widely 
known  merchants  in  his  line.  He  is  a  heavy  dealer  in  grain,  shipping  in  car  lots  direct  to  hiscustimiers  from 
the  great  grain  centers.  Being  a  member  of  the  Produce  Exchange  he  is  thoroughly  couvers.ant  with  the  market 
and  b.as  at  all  times  a  prompt  knowledge  of  any  fiuctiiation  in  prices  tending  to  the  advantage  of  his  patrons.  Mr. 
Kunjip  has  a  large  and  widely  extended  trade  connection  and  is  concededly  one  of  the  ablest  grain  dealers  of  this, 
hi    niHve  city. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  117 

"jrvJUILA  C.  RICH  &  CO.,  Importers  of  ORMONDE  Cycles,  Xo.  179J  Broa(lw:iy,  Corner  Fifty-.-i-litli  Street.  -An 
KM      interesting  sulijectfor  reflection  is  the  plienomenal  progress  whicli  has,  witliin  a  eoni|iar;itively  brief  perioil 
/  X.     of  time  taken  place  in  tlie  bicycle  industry.     It  is  within  the  memory  of  many  when  even  the  successful 
•  operation  of  a  vehicle  liavin>;  two  single  wheels,  the  one  in  front  of  the  other,  was  courageously  and  confi- 

dently doubted,  even  by  intelligent  people.  The  expressi  m,  tempora  mutantes  (times  change)  is  never  so  conclu- 
sively justified  as  by  an  inspection  of  the  circumstances  surrounding  the  industry  in  question  as  practiced  to-day, 
viewed  in  comparison  with  the  comlition  of  affairs  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago.  From  the  cumbersome  and  almost 
useless  velocipede  of  the  past  has  been  evolved  a  veritable  masterpiece  of  mechanical  ingenuity,  the  manufacture  of 
which  is  a  branch  of  human  endeavor  in  which  are  embarked  millions  of  capital,  and  which  monopolize  the  atten- 
tion of  a  vast  army  of  inUuential  and  prominent  business  men.  While  the  manufacture  of  cycles  has  giown  to  be  a 
representative  American  industry',  the  import  trade  therein  continues  to  be  a  vast  and  fiourishing  department  of 
our  commerce,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  houses  engaging  in  such  calling  within  the  limits  of  the  metropolis 
is  that  of  Messrs.  Aquila  B.  Uich  ifc  Co.,  No.  1700  Broadway.  The  business  was  established  in  the  year  ISiiO,  and 
consists  chiefly  of  the  importation  of  high  class  machines  manufactured  in  Europe  specially  to  suit  American 
re(piircments.  The  specialty  of  the  firm  is  the  popular  "Ormonde"  cycle,  the  excellence  of  wliich  machine  is  a 
household  expression  in  the  mouths  of  the  cycling  community.  An  important  branch  of  the  business  of  Messrs. 
Rich  &  Co.,  consists  of  the  luring  out  of  machines,  the  firm  having  on  hand  at  the  disposal  of  their  patrons,  no  less 
than  one  hundred  and  fifty  "  road  wheel  "  machines.  The  business  premises  occupied  by  the  liouse  are  located  on 
the  corner  of  Fifty-eighth  Street,  a  situation  of  unquestioned  excellence,  being  in  the  center  of  a  quarter  of  the 
metropolis  devoted  to  the  residences  of  a  large  section  of  our  wealthy  and  pleasure  loving  community,  and  being, 
moreover,  conveniently  adjacent  to  Central  Park.  The  premises  consist  of  a  handsome  and  well  appointed 
store  and  cover  an  area  of  2,.500  square  feet.  The  partnership  involves  the  energies  of  two  able  and  pushing 
young  business  men,  well  up  in  every  detail  of  their  calling.  These  are  Mr.  Aquila  B.  Rich  and  Mr.  Willis  B.  Troy. 
The  former  of  these  is  a  native  of  New  York  City,  of  which  he  has  been  resident  and  which  has  been  the  theater 
of  Ills  business  prosperity  for  an  extensive  period.  Mr.  Troy  claims  the  west  as  his  birthplace,  but  his  interests 
are  now  inseparably  identified  with  New  York  city.  He  enjoys  the  unqualified  distinction  of  being  the  champion 
five  mile  wheel  racer  of  the  world,  and  he  officiates  in  the  responsible  and  important  capacity  of  trainer  for  the  New 
Y''ork  Athletic  Club  and  controls  and  directs  all  the  racing  of  this  prominent  association.  A  treatise  upon  the 
American  metropolis,  its  welfare  and  points  of  interest  would  be  singularly  incomplete  did  it  omit  mention  of  the 
business  concern  of  Aquila  B.  Rich  ife  Co. 

'¥"'  OUIS  IIERZOG  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Gold  Cases,  Dealers  in  American  Watches,  Diamonds  and  Jewelry, 
I  (®  No.  52  Maiden  Lane. — The  long  prevailing  custom,  which  has  the  German  son  follow  the  calling  of  the 
1  \  father,  is  freipiently  followed  in  America,  and  when  congenial  to  the  son,  results  in  the  finest  mechanics 
and  most  successful  tradesmen,  for  the  requisite  knowledge  is  acquired  under  the  most  favorable  training, 
when  the  faculties  are  brightest  and  most  susceptible.  In  the  house  of  Louis  Herzog  &  Co.,  the  system  has  an 
illustration.  It  was  founded  more  than  half  a  century  ago  by  .Samuel  Herzog  &  Sons.  It  prospered,  and  in  time 
passed  to  the  sons,  Louis  and  W.  Herzog.  Twenty  years  ago  the  latter  severed  his  connection  with  the  firm  and 
Louis  became  the  senior  member,  with  Mr.  Alfred  Frank  as  his  i)artner,  the  style  adopted  being  Louis  Herzog  & 
Co.  Thus  the  son  is  at  the  head  of  the  house  in  which  he  was  at  first  interested  as  his  father's  partner,  and  to  the 
strength  which  he  gives  to  the  firm,  because  of  age,  experience  .and  thorough  knowledge,  is  coupled  the  vim, 
push,  shrewdness  and  pi-ogressive  ideas  of  a  born  New  Yorker,  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Frank.  As  manufactuieis,  the 
firm  make  a  specialty  of  gold  watch  cases,  in  which  they  turnout  .some  of  the  finest  and  most  aitistic  specimens  to 
be  found  in  the  trade.  They  also. deal  largely  in  American  watclies,  diamonds  and  jewelry,  carrying  an  elegant 
stock  of  the  choicest  goods  in  every  legitimate  line.  They  employ  three  men  on  the  road,  and  five  in  their  large, 
elegantly  appointed  office,  where  six  safes  are  placed  as  repositories  for  their  valuable  goods.  Mr.  Herzog  has 
been  in  this  country  for  forty  years,  and  enjoys  a  vigorous  old  age,  made  the  more  honorable  by  his  successful 
career.     The  house  has  a  fine  tr.^de  all  over  the  Union,  which  it  fully  merits. 

V ALTER  M.  DUNK,  Artist,  Room  No.  32  Aldrich  Building,  Corner  Warren  and  Cliureh  Streets.— Ilie 
growth  of  New  York  as  an  artistic  center  has  fully  kept  pace  with  its  commercial  and  industrial  advance, 
many  of  the  leading  artists  of  the  country  making  their  headquarters  here.  Prominent  among  these  is 
Mr.  Walter  M.  Dunk,  room  No.  33  AMrich  Building,  corner  Warren  and  Church  .Streets,  whose  name  has 
been  favoiably  known  to  the  public  for  ten  years  past  as  an  artist  of  exceptional  skill  and  ability.  Mr.  Dunk  is  a 
native  ot  Pennsylvania  and  graduated  with  high  honors  from  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  He  came  to 
this  city  a  year  and  a  half  ago  and  at  once  took  a  front  rank  as  a  painter  in  water  colors,  he  making  a  specialty  of 
this  branch  of  art.  He  has  also  achieved  a  marked  success,  as  a  draftsman  in  black  and  white,  and  makes  designs 
and  drawings  for  publishers,  photo  and  wood  engravers.  His  work  is  in  great  demand  among  publishers,  and  he 
has  a  large,  liberal  and  influential  patronage  derived  from  the  best  classes  in  the  community.  He  is  deservedly 
jiopular  both  in  business  and  social  circles,  and  fully  merits  the  marked  success  he  has  achieved  by  his  skill,  ability 
and  perseverance. 


118 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


EDWARD  r.  IIAMPSON  &  CO.,  Steam- 
Engines  and  Boilers,  \o.  36  Cortland  t 
Street.— The  steam  engine  is,  in  this 
era,  the  most  perfect  piece  of  mech- 
anism on  the  face  of  the  earth.     Skill  and 
s  ience  have  both  been  utilized  to  the  ut- 
iinst,  and  yet  among  the  multitude  of  man- 
ufacturers it  is  well  to  jj.uise  and  endeavor 
to    weigh    the   comparative    merits   of    the 
various  styles,   and   select   upon   a  critical 
basis  of  mei-it.     Some  of  tlie  concerns  en- 
gaged in  this  line,  whose  advertisements  are 
sown  broadcast,  have  been  unable  to  main- 
tain the  market  their  ambitious  would  till. 
Tlie   reason  is   apparent,    when   their  new 
tiin»led  engines  speedily  need  repairs,  break 
down,  or  prove  inadequate  to  the  work  de- 
niinded  of  them.     There  are  some  houses 
in  this  country  that  have  achieved  a  solid 
reputation  for  the  superiority  of   their  en- 
!y;ines,  and  fully  live  up  to  it.     Such  a  house 
is  that  of  Messrs.   Edward  P.  Hampson  & 
Co.,  whose  otRce  and  salesrooms  are  located 
at  No.  3!)  Clortlandt  Street.     This  firm  arc 
widely  known  as  engineers  and  contractors 
for  complete  steam  plants,  andare  extensive 
m  uiufacturers     of     engines     and     boilers, 
operating   factories    in    Providence,    K.   I., 
Watertown,  N.  Y.,  and  Waynesborough,  Pa. 
This   house   has  been   established  in   New 
York    for    a    period    of    thirty-tive    years, 
p'ounded   on   a   substantial   basis   of    skill, 
energy  and  integrity,  the  business  has  had 
a  remarkable  growth,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
illustrations  of  industrial   progress  in   the 
country.     The  co-partners,  Messrs.  Edward 
P.    Hampson   and  William    F.   Haring,  art- 
close  students  of  the  progress  made  in  steam 
engineering,  and  have  included  in  their  en- 
gines every  improvemsut  that  conducts  to 
economy  in    running  and  increased  horse- 
power.     The  best  of  material  only  is  em- 
ployed, and  every  part  is  fasliioned  and  put 
together    with   the   greatest   accuracy  and 
care.    Every  engine  is  severely  tested  before 
shipment,  and  is  guaranteed  to  give  satis- 
faction.      Prices    are    at    bed    rock,    and, 
(|uality  considered,  are  the  cheapest  quoted 
l>y   any   engine    builders   in    the    land.     A 
speciality  is  made  of  the  "Eclipse"  Corliss 
engine,  the    Annington   and   Sinns   engine, 
the    Watertown    steam-engine,  traction  en- 
gines  and   liorizontal  boilers,  and  a  splen- 
did   stock   of    these    productions    is    kept 
on  hand,   so  that  there  may  be  no  delay 


.  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


110 


ill  filling  orders.  Possessed  of  sterling  enterprise  and  alert  to  meet  tlie  most  exacting  requiremonts  of  cus- 
tomers, Messrs.  Ilampson  &  Co.,  sell  their  engines  from  Maine  to  California,  style  and  power  leing  always 
adapted  specially  to  the  wants  of  purchasers,  and  the  uniivaled  engines  of  this  firm  can  Le  truthfully  spoken 
of  as  hourly  running  to  the  extent  of  many  thousand  horse-power  in  every  state  in  the  union.  Parties  alout  to 
secure  steam-engines,  boilers  or  complete  steam  plants  will  save  money  and  obtain  better  service  tliroui'h  this  hon- 
or ible  firm  than  by  dealing  with  any  other  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Hampson  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  im:i 
and  has  spent  a  life-time  in  the  promotion  of  this  important  branch  of  industry.  Mr.  Marin"-  is  a  native  of  Oranee 
County,  New  Yorlc,  in  the  early  prime  of  life,  and  thoroughly  expert  and  successful  as  an  engineer  and  contractor. 
Manifesting  a  determination  to  maintain  tlieir  products  in  tlie  van  of  the  marltet.  .^fe.ssrs.  Hampson  &  Co.  are  reap- 
ing their  reward  in  an  increasing  patronage  and  a  renewed  season  of  ])rospei  Ity. 


t:r  Sst^ 


120 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OP  NEW  YORK. 


"■""   YOX  BROS.,  Jobbers  of  Oranses,  Lemons  and  Grapes,  No.  279  Washington  Street. — To  assert  that  the  emi- 
I  (S)    neiice  of  a  liouse  is  necessarily  in  inverse  ratio  to  the  breadth  of  its  scope  would   be  a  bold  and  in  some 

J 1     cases  a  misleading  statement,  but  it  is  certainly  a  fact  that  not  a  few  of  the  most  tlourisliiiig  .and  successf  il 

concerns  are  those  confining  their  transactions  to  a  limited  ranjje  of  goods.  The  firm  of  Lyon  Bros,  import- 
ers, commission  merchants  and  dealers  in  oraniies,  lemons  and  grapes,  is  a  notable  case  in  point.  This  prominent  and 
responsible  old  house,  which  is  normally  the  third  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  city,  having  transacted  a  larger  business 
in  grapes  in  1800  than  any  other  firm;  its  trade  in  these,  in  both  domestic  and  foreign  varieties,  as  well  as  in  oranges 
and  lemons,  being  with  patrons  in  every  section  of  the  country.  The  business  was  founded  in  the  year  ISO"),  by  W. 
E.  Lyon  &  Son,  the  son,  Mr.  Clark  N.  Lyon,  being  succeeded  by  another  son,  Mr.  L.  M.  Lyon  in  1877,  the  bus- 
iness being  continued  under  the  same  trading  title  until  ISSl.  when  the  senior  partner  retired,  and  Mr.  L.  M.  Lyon 
took  his  brother,  Mr.  Seeley  Lyon  into  partnership,  and  the  present  firm  name  was  adopted,  this  remaining 
unchanged,  though  Mr.  William  Hill  was  admitted  to  an  interest  as  a  silent  p.artner  in  1890,  a  removal  being  madi- 
in  the  same  year  from  the  premises  originally  occupied  on  B.arclay  Street,  to  the  commanding  .and  spacious  quarters, 
consisting  of  four  floors  and  basement,  each  2.^  x  100  feet  in  expanse,  atXo.  279  Washington  Street;  Mr.  Seeley  Lyon 
it  should  be  mentioned,  died  in  1882,  and  the  surviving  brother  continued  .alone,  until  the  admission  of  Mr.  Hill 
to  an  interest;  Mr.  J.  B.  Lyon,  another  brother,  also  obtained  an  interest  .about  the  same  time.  The  partners  are 
members  of  the  Foreign  Fruit  Exchange,  .and  of  the  Fruit  Buyers'  Union.  Mr.  L.  M.  Lyon,  who  is  anative  of  this 
city,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  his  trade,  being  a  director  .and  an  active  executive  officer  of  the  last- 
named  important  association.  The  firm's  spacious  premises  are  at  all  times  filled  with  a  very  heavy  and  choice 
stock  of  such  of  the  fruits  handled  in  each  variety  .and  grade  ,as  are  in  season,  and  the  establishment,  manned  by  an 
efficient  staff  is  rightly  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  import.ant  of  its  kind  in  the  city.  All  the  brothers  were  born  in 
New  York,  and  a  large  sh.are  of  the  credit  arising  from  the  able  management  of  the  business  is  reflected  upon  them 
personally.  Tliey  make  a  specialty  of  supplying  fancy  fruits  to  first-class  hotels,  among  them  being  the  Plaza,  Grand 
Union,  Murray  Hill,  Gilsey,  Victoria,  Bristol,  St.  Marc,  M.adison  .\ venue.  .St.  .James.  Gcdney  House  and  many  others. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


J:^l 


TiiK  Ely  &  Ramsay  Com- 
pany, Manufac'tuiers  of  the 
Cok-biated  "  ROSSMORE" 
Fiiniates,  Ranges,  Fhe-Place 
and  Open  Franklin  Heaters, 
Parlor  and  Cook  Stoves,  Xos. 
-'47  and  249  Water  Street, 
Foundry,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. — 
It  is  a  well-established  fact 
tliat  American  stoves,  ranges 
and  furnaces  are  unequaled 
l.y  any  other  land,  as  rej^ards 
economy  in  the  consump- 
tion of  fuel,  general  effi- 
ciency and  peculiar  merits, 
while  at  the  same  time  they 
are  the  embodiments  of  me- 
clianicalworkmanship  of  tlie 
higliest  order  of  perfection. 
No  better  illustration  of  the 
truth  of  this  statement  can 

be  found  than  by  an  inspection  of  the  extensive  stock  of  stoves,  ranges,  furnaces  and  heaters  shown  by  the  Ely  & 
Ramsay  Company,  at  their  spacious  salesrooms,  Nos.  247  and  249  Water  Street.  This  company  are  espec- 
ially prominent  as  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  "Rossmore"  furnaces,  ranges,  fire-place  and  open  Franklin 
heaters,  parlor  and  cook  stoves,  and  operate  one  of  the  best  equipped  foundries  in  the  countiy  at  Peeks- 
kill,  N.  y.  The  business  was  originally  established  iai  1870,  by  Messrs  Ely  &  Ramsay,  and  in  1890  the  present  com- 
pany was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  Xathan  L.  Ely,  president;  D.  S.  Ramsay, 
treasurer;  H.  J.  Redfield,  secretary.  The  company's  goods  are  everywhere  recognized  as  unsurpassed  for  beauti- 
ful ornamentation,  excellence  of  finish,  symmeti'ical  proportions  and  perfect  operation,  fully  meeting  tlie  require- 
ments of  the  most  critical  customers.  Their  splendid  stoves,  ranges  and  heaters  are  found  to  be  admirably  adapted 
to  the  wants  of  any  section  of  the  country,  while  the  prices  quoted  for  them  in  all  cases  are  exceedingly  just  and 
moderate.  The  many  years  experience  of  the  managers  enable  them  to  accomplish  novel  and  useful  improve- 
ments, for  whicli  they  are  ever  on  the  alert,  and  as  a  result  they  are  selling  from  Maine  to  California,  from  the 
Lakes  to  the  Gulf,  and  throughout  the  Canadas.  The  New  York  warehouse  is  a  spacious  four-story  structure,  giv- 
ing ample  accommodations  for  tlie  immense  stock  of  the  company's  goods  and  specialties,  which  have  no  equal  in 
America  and  iire  prime  favorites  with  the  ti-ade  and  public  wherever  introduced  and  tested.     The  company  deals  in 

mica  of  all  sizes,  hollow- 
ware  of  all  kinds,  the 
celebrated  "Rossmore" 
stove  polish  and  the  Her- 
cules furnace  cement,  in 
five  and  ten-pound  cans, 
the  best  polish  and  ce- 
ment known.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  company  are 
all  natives  of  New  York 
state,  expert  and  accom- 
plished manufacturers. 
and  enterprising,  reliable 
business  men  who  apjire- 
ciate  the  fact  that  honest 
work  at  fair  prices  is 
conducive  to  success 
and  permanency  in  busi- 
ness. 


122  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

BOYNTOX  BICYCLE  RAILWAY  COMPANY,  Mutual  Life  Building,  No.  32  Nassau  Street— The  Boynton 
Bicycle  Kaihoad  System  eclipses  in  its  far  reachino;  effects  any  invention  of  the  nineteenth  century.  It 
smacks  of  the  great  revolution  in  locomotion  wliich  is  expected  liy  the  most  sanguine  to  occur  in  the  twcr-  ♦ 
tieth  century,  while,  above  all  other  considerations,  it  is  perfectly  practicable.  This  system  is  now  being 
introduced  by  the  Boynton  Bicycle  Railway  Company,  of  this  city,  whose  headquarters  are  in  the  Mutual  Lie 
Building.  No.  :{2  Nassau  Street.  This  company  was  incorporated  in  ISSS,  Jinder  the  laws  of  New  Jersey,  with  a 
capital  of  S-j, 000,000,  which  will  soon  be  doubled,  and  is  man.aged  by  E.  M.  Boynton,  the  president,  who  is  also  the 
inventor  and  patentee  of  the  system.  The  Boynton  Bicycle  Railway  system  is  now  attracting  the  attention  of  civil 
and  mechanical  engineers  throughout  the  entire  civilized  world,  and  railway  corporations  are  everywhere  seriously 
considering  the  advantages  of  a  plan  that  has  passed  the  experimental  stage,  and  which  promises  to  revolutionize 
present  means  of  transportation  and  travel.  This  system  has  had  its  engines  and  passenger  cars  in  use  on  .an  old 
standard  gauge  New  York  railway,  The  Sea  Beach  and  Brighton  from  Gravesend  to  Coney  Island,  during  the  past 
year.  Many  thousand  passengers  have  been  carried,  and  the  line  is  now  running  a  regular  New  York  connection, 
via  Bay  Ridge  Ferry,  from  the  battery,  Their  heaviest  engines  and  trains,  on  one  rail,  are  readily  switched,  the 
overhead  rail  simultaneously  with  the  lower  by  a  slight  turn  of  a  two  inch  standing  rod.  Two  trains  can  be  seen 
side  by  side  on  the  ordinary  gauge,  which  is  four  feet  eleven  inches  from  center  to  center  of  rails.  The  cars  being 
four  feet  wide,  there  are  eleven  inches  between  them.  The  weight  of  six  cars  seating  one  hundred  and  eight  peo- 
ple is  but  five  tons.  To  seat  an  equal  number  in  the  lightest  elevated  cars  requires  thirty  tons,  on  ordinary  street 
railways  fifty  to  sixty  tons,  while  the  p.alace  cars  of  ordinary  roads,  two  tracks,  weigh  from  one  to  forty-eight  tons, 
and  seat  but  twenty-four  persons.  The  safety  is  as  nearly  absolute  as  possible.  The  bicycle  single  track  train, 
with  its  double  flanged  wheels  below  and  by  quadruple  overhead  guides,  is  practically  groved  and  cannot  jump  or 
leave  the  track  unless  the  steel  wheels  should  break.  The  overhead  wheels,  however,  scarcely  touch  the  rails  in 
going  straight,  while  in  rounding  curves  their  action  renders  the  motion  as  smooth  nearly  as  on  a  tangent.  There 
is  no  lateral  motion,  and  the  wrenching  and  seasickness  which  renders  it  impossible  for  many  invalids  to  travel,  is 
removed.  A  single  car  of  the  bicycle  has  usually  been  used  containing  seats  for  one  hinidredand  eight  people,  and 
at  short  intervals  on  the  middle  of  tlie  section  this  car  has  been  run  ninety  miles  an  hour  with  passengers  on  board. 
Four  thousand  five  hundred  trains  run  connecting  with  other  lines,  selling  through  tickets,  prove  the  safety, 
economy  and  unquestioned  success  of  this  system.  When  we  consider  the  enormous  weight  of  puUman  palace  cars 
(from  eighty  to  ninety  thousand  pounds)  is  equivalent  to  the  weight  of  seven  hundred  passengers,  we  readily  ask 
the  question,  why  not  carry  the  seven  hundred  passengers  instead  of  their  equivalent  in  timber  and  iron?  It  is 
undoubtedly  a  fact  that  a  speed  of  one  hundred  miles  an  hour  is  readily  attainable  on  the  bicycle  plan.  Every 
difficulty  in  the  application  of  steam  to  the  standard  gauge  roads  has  been  practically  solved.  It  is  on  the  eve  of 
wide  application  to  both  new  and  existing  roads.  The  cars  of  this  system  are  reached  in  loading  and  unlo.ading,  by 
two-story  platforms  in  the  depots,  and  spiral  staircase  s  at  the  end  of  such  cars  as  maybe  thought  desirable  on 
through  trains.  The  material  of  wliich  the  car  is  constructed  is  wood  %'eneer,  held  in  place  by  steel  bands  and  rods. 
The  cars  now  in  use  have  nine  compartments  below  and  nine  above,  each  room  seating  six  people  face  to  face,  as  in 
a  hack,  one  hundred  and  eight  seats  in  the  car.  This  cellular  construction,  like  the  bamboo,  insures  great  strength 
and  lightness.  It  has  been  found  that  wooden  guiding  rails  are  amply  sufficient,  safe  and  reliable,  as  well  as  silent 
wiien  the  wheels  touch  them,  which  they  alone  do  in  rounding  curves.  Posts,  by  experiment,  are  found  not  to 
req\ure  setting  nearer  than  thirty-three  feet  apart  and  the  cost  to  the  most  of  the  Western  and  Southern  railways 
of  the  guiding  structure  will  not  exceed  two  thousand  dollars  per  mile.  It  will  furnish  the  fencing  and  much 
structural  work  for  depots  and  freight  sheds,  and  a  firm  support  for  all  telegra])]!,  telephone  and  electric  wires. 
The  cost  of  double  tracking  is  saved.  Ten  thousand  million  dollars  is  now  invested  in  American  railways.  It 
would  oost'eight  millions  to  double  track  them  as  safety  requires,  and  this  sum  is  saved  by  the  bicycle  system, 
which  makes  each  rail  do  double,  and  in  some  instances,  fourfold  what  the  two  rails  are  now  capable  of  perform- 
ing, and  increase  the  safety  in  as  great  a  proportion  as  the  tenfold  economy.  The  enormous  wear,  waste  and 
tear,  the  present  inadeciuite  and  slow  facilities  of  transportation  will  yield  a  better  .system  now  that  it  is  proved. 
If  four  thousand  trains  safely  and  successfully  run  on  the  worst  kind  of  a  standard  gauge  railroad  at  high  speed 
on  the  bicycle  plan  have  not  settled  the  facts  in  favor  of  this  system,  and  if  the  .saving  of  twenty-fold  in  coal  by  the 
light  trains  has  not  settled  it,  what  will?  Companies  are  now  forming  that  will  cause  an  awakening  to  any  conser- 
vatives who  refuse  to  examine,  and  so  important  a  saving  now  it  is  proved  a  success  with  unexampled  speed,  safety, 
economy  and  adaptability  to  existing  roads  at  minimum  cost  and  without  interference  with  their  present  traffic. 
The  system  will  collect  a  royalty  of  one  cent  for  every  ten  miles  carriage  of  a  pa.ssenger  or  a  ton  of  freight,  which, 
it  is  estimated,  will  produce  one  hundred  million  dollars  yearly.  It  is  patented  throughout  the  civilized  world  and 
is  destined  to  bring  the  peoples  of  all  lands  into  closer  and  more  intimate  union,  facilitating  commerce,  reducing 
the  burdens  of  life  and  lessening  the  cost  of  nearly  everything  necessary  to  the  comfort  and  hajipiness  of  mankind. 
From  ocean  to  ocean  and  over  the  ocean  the  finished  results  of  genius,  skill  and  unusual  enterprise  have  raised 
another  monument  that  casts  a  shadow  over  the  fair  fame  of  England's  boasted  handiwork.  From  a  beginning  of 
prospective  success,  the  energy  and  push  of  this  company  have  jjlaced  an  entirely  new  industry  upon  a  basis  firm 
and  permanent.  To  Mr.  E.  M.  Boynton,  the  founder,  president  and  moving  spirit,  is  duo  the  remarkable  success 
of  an  enterpri.se  which  started  out  iipon  an  unknown  sea  of  American  invention.  Mr.  Boynton  is  a  native  of  Ohio, 
a  resident  of  Massachusetts,  still  in  the  active  i)rime  of  life,  an  inventor  of  brilliant  talents,  and  at  the  same  time  a 
clear  headed,  sound  and  able  business  man.  He  has  held  the  tiller  with  firm  and  steady  grasp,  until  he  has  not 
only  steered  the  young  company  into  still  waters,  but  lias  covered  it  with  the  iron  plates  of  certainty  and  success. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK 


123 


'T  P.  PEIUaX  &  CO..  Mill  ARents  for  Upliol.ste ry  (i.Muls,  Etc.,  Xo.  205  Canal  .Street.— A.s  a  center  for  tlie 
(Cj\  I  trade  in  ni;iiuifacturer,s'  supplies,  Xew  York  lias  attained  great  prominence,  and  is  more  than  ever  a  fa- 
I  I  •  vorite  purchasing  point.  This  satisfactory  state  of  affairs  is  almost  wholly  to  he  attriljuted  to  the  energy 
^-^  .ind  enter])rise  of  the  leading  mill  or  manufacturers"  selling  agents  who  now  form  so  important  a  factor  for 
the  conduct  of  business  transactions  between  producer  and  consumer.  Among  the  more  recent  acquisitions  to 
this  branch  of  metropolitan  commerce  ranks  the  newly  organized  firm  of  Messrs.  J.  P.  Perrin  A  Co.,  agents  for  the 
sale  of  upholstery  goods,  whose  business  premises  are  located  at  No.  20.')  Canal  Street.  This  enterprise  was  estab- 
lished by  Messrs.  J.  P.  Perrin  and  Henry  I.  Hart,  under  the  present  firm  style,  at  the  opening  of  the  current  year, 
and,  under  existing  favorable  auspices,  it  would  seem  they  are  destined  to  achieve  a  pronounced  and  permanent 
success.  The  firm  act  as  agents  for  several  of  the  leading  Philadelphia  carpet  and  upholstery  mills,  and  supply 
materials  and  general  woven  textile  fabrics  of  the  furniture  trade.  The  premises  occuiiied  comprise  a  spacious  and 
commodious  floor,  20x(!l)  feet  in  dimensions,  giving  ample  accommodation  forjthe  manipulation  and  display  of  stock 
and  the  general  advantageous  prosecuticni  of  their  rapidly  increasing  business.  Both  members  of  the  firm  are 
native  Xew  Yorkers,  young  energetic  men  of  business,  and  active  competitors  for  legitimate  trade  in  their  partic- 
ular branch  of  commercial  integrity. 


PliAZA  HOTEL,  F.  A.  Hammond.  Proprietor,  Fifth  Avenue  and  Fifty-ninth  Street. — The  most  important 
event  to  chronicle  of  late  years  in  the  history  of  hotel  enteiprises  in  X'ew  York  is  the  opening  of  the  new  Pla- 
za Hotel  at  the  main  entrance  to  Central  Park,  Fifth  Avenue.  Fifty-eight  and  Fifty-ninth  Streets.  On  this 
splendid  site  has  been  erected  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  architecture  in  the  known  world,  specially 
planned,  arranged  and  furnished  throughout  its 
imposing  eight  stories,  as  the  model  hostelry  of 
America.  Although  open  ti>  the  public  as  late 
as  the  year  IS'.tO,  the  n.ame  of  this  magnificent 
hotel  has  already  become  a  proverb  for  elegant 
accommodations  among  the  refined  and  cul- 
tured classes  of  both  America  and  Europe.  It 
is  now  one  of  the  show-places  of  the  metro- 
polis, having  no  rival  among  the  hotels  of  any 
city  in  the  Union,  combining  as  it  does  in  the 
most  perfect  manner  every  comfort  and  conven- 
ience with  the  refined  anil  quiet  atmosphere 
of  the  best  circles  of  homo  life,  and  unsur- 
passed in  apjiointments  and  decorations  by  the 
finest  private  mansions  of  American  million- 
aires or  British  nobles.  The  Plaza  is  a  mag- 
nificent si>ecimen  of  architectural  achievement, 
its  solid  and  ornate  marble  front,  rising  to  a 
height  of  eight  stories,  with  a  frontage  of  200 
feet  on  Fifth  Avenue,  and  the  Park  approach, 
and  a  depth  of  13.5  feet  on  Fifty-eight  and  175 
feet  on  Fifty-ninth  Streets.  It  was  erected 
and  furnished  at  a  cost  of  §3,000,000,  and  contains  400  rooms,  single  and  en  suite.  It  is  the  only  hotel  in  Xew 
York  that  is  pratically  fire-proof,  being  constructeil  of  stone,  iron  and  cement  to  the  entire  exclusion  of  wood 
in  cither  its  walls,  floors  or  stair-cases;  while  in  addition  to  its  fire-proof  qualities,  the  safety  of  the  house  is 
insured  by  the  introduction  of  a  most  powerful  and  complete  water  system,  including  tanks  located  on  the  roof, 
which  hold  1,S,01M)  gallons,  and  a  hose-room  on  each  floor,  so  that  absolute  security  from  fire  is  guaranteed  to  its 
guests.  •  Xo  expense  has  been  considered  too  great  in  fitting  up  the  interior  of  this  hotel.  The  wide  and  lofty  hall, 
leading  from  the  entrance  to  the  office  rotunda  is  believed  to  be  the  finest  in  the  world,  being  paved  in  iioman  mo- 
siacs  and  elaborately  decorated.  The  wainscotiugs  and  counters  in  the  office  are  resplendent  in  Xnbian  marble, 
while  marble  staircases  and  wainscots,  frescoed  ceilings.  han<lsomely  decorated  walls,  and  furniture  in  keeping, 
characterize  the  i)ublic  apartments  and  corridors  of  the  Plaza.  Every  modern  accessory  of  the  decorator  and  up- 
holsterer have  been  utilized,  and  the  house  is  a  beautiful  .and  artistic  exhibit  of  niodern  achievement  in  these 
lines.  Painting  and  sculpture  adorn  the  walls  of  the  reading  and  smoking  rooms,  and  the  reception  rooms  and 
Ladies'  parlors  are  luxurious  in  their  equipments.  Here  is  tlie  largest  display  of  electric  lights  made  by  any  hotel 
in  the  world,  while  under  one  roof  are  gathered  all  accessories  to  complete  hotel  life,  embracing  a  finely-stocked 
bar,  passenger  elevators,  electric  appliances,  barber  shop,  billiard  room,  etc.  The  main  dining  hall  is  a  noble  apart- 
ment, grand  in  proportions,  and,  with  its  adjoining  smaller  refreshment  and  tea  rooms,  afford  every  accommoda- 
tion to  the  public.  Both  a  table  d'hote  and  a  restaurant  a  la  carte  are  provided,  and  the  culinary  department  is 
made  the  constant  study  of  the  expert  chef  and  his  staff  of  .assistants  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  elaborate  bills  of 
fare  for  which  the  Plaza  has  become  so  widely  renowned.     A  leading  feature  of   the  hsuse  is  its  table,  which  is 


12i  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

rarely  equaled  on  the  continent,  while  the  wines  and  liquors  handled  are  of  a  superior  quality.  The  retjisters  of  this 
hotel  already  contain  the  names  of  notable  tourists  and  travelers,  who  are  unstinted  in  praise  of  the  acconimod.i- 
tions  and  facilities  here  afforded,  and  the  patronage  has  at  once  become  extensive  and  of  the  most  influential  and 
gratifying  character.  Among  the  unique  features  of  the  Plaza  are  the  bath  rooms;  their  floors  are  of  mosaic,  and 
the  walls  are  tiled  to  the  height  of  live  feet.  The  material  of  the  bath  tubs  is  of  porcelain.  The  Plaza  Hotel  uses 
water  ami  ice,  made  from  vapor,  thus  avoiding  all  chance  of  disease  from  that  source.  The  evaporating  apparatus 
and  ice  machine  can  be  seen  working  on  the  premises  at  any  time.  The  moving  spirit  of  this  great  caravansary — 
tlie  model  hotel  of  the  age — is  Jlr.  F.  A.  Hammond,  who  has  devoted  his  life  to  hotel  managemeut,  and  there  is  no  de- 
tail thereof  of  which  he  is  not  its  perfect  master.  He  is  a  native  Xew  Yorker,  still  in  the  active  prime  of  his  pow- 
ers, noted  for  his  executive  ability  and  conscientious  attention  to  details,  so  that  every  deiiartment  runs  smoothly 
and  the  continued  pouplarity  of  the  house  under  its  present  regime  is  well  assured. 

HOTEL  LINCOLN",  P.  H.  JlcCann,  Prop'r.,  Broadway  and  Fifty-second  Street. — One  of  the  recent  elegant  ad- 
ditions to  the  list  of  metropolitan  high  class  hotels  is  the  Hotel  Lincoln,  cor.  of  Broadway  and  Fifty-second- 
Street.  This  establishment  was  opened  in  the  year  1890,  and  consists  of  a  handsome  brick  and  terra  cotta 
building  of  six  stories;  the  ground  area  covering  10,flOO  square  feet.  'J'lie  hotel  has  no  less  than  KiO 
rooms,  among  which  are  private  dining  rooms,  parlors  and  reception  rooms;  the  elegance  and  artistic  taste  displayed 
in  their  furnishing  and  decoration  occasioning  the  unqualified  admiration  of  all  beholders;  outrivaling,  indeed,  in 
the  mentioned  particulars  the  apartments  of  a  millionaire's  mansion,  the  entire  decoration  of  the  hotel  having 
cost  something  like  .'ii200,000.  The  Hotel  Lincoln  is  essentially  a  family  hotel,  catering  to  an  extremely  high  class 
of  patronage,  which  the  excellence  of  the  establishment  assures.  The  cuisine  of  the  hotel  is  presided  over  by  an 
expert  at  the  art  and  attached  to  the  building  is  a  fine  and  elfegantly  appoiftted  cafe  where  the  choicest  wines,  liq- 
uors, cigars,  etc.  are  dispensed.  A  feature  of  the  house  is  the  noble  and  commanding  vestibule  which  is  equipped 
in  a  most  perfect  manner;  the  mosaic  pavement  thereof  being,  in  itself,  a  veritable  artistic  clief-d'ojuvre.  The  estali- 
lisliment  is  lighted  throughout  with  the  latest  improvement  in  electric  illumination ;  steam-power  is  adequately  su]i- 
plied,  and  one  Otis  elevator  is  in  constant  u.se.  One  trial  of  the  Hotel  Lincoln  results  in  perfect  satisfaction 
to  the  patron,  who  is  oftener  than  not  sanguine  in  expressing  his  enthusiasm  in  praise  of  the  house  and  it  man- 
agement. The  proprietor  is  Mr.  P.  H.  McCann;  {i  perfect  master  in  every  sense  of  the  expiession,  of  the  intri- 
cacies of  his  calling.  This  gentleman  appears  to  have  solved,  in  the  excellent  way  in  which  he  conducts  the  Hotel 
Lincoln,  one  of  the  most  subtle  problems  of  the  "  science  of  living  "  in  that  he  has  provided  the  nearest  approach 
to  perfection  attainable,  at  the  disposal  of  his  guest.  Mr.  McCann  is  of  middle  age  and  is  a  native  of  Ireland. 
He  has,  however,  been  resident  in  the  United  States  for  a  period  of  3.5  years.  The  Hotel  Lincoln,  under  its  pres- 
ent excellent  directiort,  bids  fair,  in  the  near  future,  to  become  one  of  the  most  attractive  establishments  of  its 
class  in  the  metropolis. 

'TOHN  H.  NEWTOX,  Wholesale  Commission  Merchant  in  Imported  and  Domestic  Fruits  and  all  Produce, 
(S\j  No.  311  Washington  Street. — Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  commercial  economy  of  the  metropolis  can 
I  I  not  fail  to  recognize  that  in  every  branch  of  human  endeavor  there  occurs  a  natural  division  of  the  classes 
^■^  engaged  therein.  This  is  significantly  the  case  with  regard  to  the  produce  commission  business;  for  we 
observe  the  commercial  houses  devoted  to  such  calling  marshalled  under  two  grand  heads,  viz.,  those  of  a  repre- 
sentative character,  and  those  of  modest  pretensions  exerting  but  a  minor  infiuence  upon  the  metropolitan  pros- 
perity. Eminently  qualified  in  every  particular  for  classification  under  the  first  of  these  divisions  is  tlie  reputable 
house  of  John  H.  Newton,  of  No.  311  Washington  Street.  Mr.  Newton,  has  been  established  in  business  since  ISG.i, 
and  during  the  honorable  years  of  his  identification  with  the  trade  he  has  continued  a  steady  progress  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  desired  goal — prosperity.  This  he  has  now  unquestionably  achieved,  and  we  find  him,  to-day,  standing 
at  the  head  and  front  of  his  calling,  enjoying  the  confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  has  relations.  Mr.  Newton  trans- 
acts a  general  wholesale  produce  commission  business,  having  heavy  transactions  in  poultry,  eggs,  butter,  beans, 
oranges,  imported  and  domestic  fruits,  etc.,  importing  large  shipments  of  fruits  from  the  West  Indies.  •  He  con- 
ducts a  very  large  business,  extending  throughout  the  country,  and  he  bears  a  most  enviable  reputation  amongst 
his  consignors  for  the  promptitude  with  which  he  makes  returns  upon  shipments.  The  premises  occupied  con- 
sist of  four  floors,  each  covering  an  area  of  2.5,000  square  feet,  and  are  admirably  adapted  for  the  handling  of  a 
large  business,  giving  constant  employment  to  a  corps  of  ten  assistants.  Mr.  Newton  is  a  middle-aged  man  and  a 
native  of  Alabama,  his  father  having  been  engaged  in  the  cotton  trade  between  tliat  state  and  New  York.  He  has 
been  resident,  however,  in  the  metropolis  for  his  whole  life,  his  prosperity  having  grown  at  a  rate  proportionately 
commensurate  with  that  of  the  city.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange,  and  acts  as  the 
metropolitan  agent  and  manager  of  the  Farmer's  Alliance  Exchange  and  Macon  Produce  Exchange.  Mr.  Newton 
offers  as  a  reference  to  those  desirous  of  satisfying  themselves  of  his  worth  and  merit,  the  Irving  National  Bank 
and  the  names  of  shippers  located  in  all  sections  of  the  country,  the  financial  standing  of  the  house  aft'ording 
absolute  security.  In  addition  to  his  real  estate  he  pui'chased  recently  another  valuable  store.  No.  327  Washington 
Street,  between  Jay  and  Harrison  Sts.,  in  the  center  of  the  produce  district,  whci  e  he  will  remove  his  business  May 
1st,  1892. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


125 


Central  Park— The  Mall. 


NDUIltlAM,  General  Commission  Merchant,  Egfjs,  Poultry  and  Game,  No.  138  Reade  Street. — A  prominent 
and  old-established  house  in  this  city  engaged  in  the  sale  of  eggs,  poultry  and  same  on  commission,  is 
•  that  of  Mr.  N.  Durham,  located  at  No.  loS  Keade  Street.  This  enterprise  had  its  inception  twenty  years  ago, 
and  during  this  period  ha.s  undergone  nochjinge  in  ownership  but,  until  within  the  past  two  years  was  located 
in  the  Erie  Building.  It  has.  through  all  it.s  career,  prosecuted  a  successful  and  steadily  increasing  business,  and  no 
similar  concern  bears  a  liigher  reputation,  or  is  better  prep.ared  to  meet  the  demands  of  its  customer.s  and  the  trade  in 
general.  The  premises  occupied  conipri.se  three  floors  iS  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  fitted  up  with  every  convenience  " 
for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  business.  The  poiUtry  .and  game  is  received  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
and  large  consignments  of  eggs  are  received  daily.  All  goods  are  quickly  disposed  of  ,and  prcmipt  returns  made. 
The  goods  h.andled  are  of  the  best  quality,  and  the  proprietor  is  enabled  to  quote  prices  that  could  not  be  aflorded 
by  houses  whose  equipment  is  less  thorough,  or  whose  transactions  are  circumscribed  through  lack  of  capital.  We 
commend  the  house  as  a  reliable  and  responsible  one  in  every  p.articul.ar,  and  bespeak  for  it  the  confidence  and  sup- 
piirt  of  our  readers  and  the  community  at  large.  Mr.  N.  Durh.am,  the  proprietor,  is  a  native  of  Durhamville,  Oneida 
County,  N.  Y.,  but  has  been  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  for  the  past  forty  years.  He  is  well  and  f.avorably  known 
as  an  energetic,  progressive  business  mau. 


126  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CLARENDON  HOTEL,  C.  IL  Keriier,  I'roprictor,  211  Fourth  Avenue,  Cor.  Eighteenth  Street.— Tlie  Chvr- 
endon  is  one  of  the  representative  hotels  and  a  feature  of  New  York.  It  is  eligibly  situated  at  Fourth 
Avenue  and  Eighteenth  Street,  and  as  a  perfectly  equipped,  luxuriously  furni.shed  and  ably  conducted  house 
ou  the  American  and  European  plans,  as  may  be  desired  by  its  guests,  has  no  superior  here  or  in  other  cities. 
It  was  established  in  1851,  by  Mr.Gerritt  Kerner,  who  died  in  1803  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Mr.  C.  U.  Kerner, 
the  present  poi)ular  proprietor.  This  gentleman  has  become  noted  as  a  master  of  the  difficult  ait  of  modern  ho- 
tel keeping,  and  brings  to  bear  marked  executive  ability,  sound  judgment  and  untiring  energy  in  keeping  the  house 
steadily  up  to  the  highest  standard.  The  Clarendon  is  a  five-story  brick  structure,  175x50  feet  in  dimensions, 
and  contains  one  bunded  and  seventy-five  rooms.  It  is  well  planned  internally  and  embraces  every  modern  improve- 
ment, including  electric  lights,  passenger  elevator,  steam  heat,  amiuneiators  and  all  the  accessories  to  completely- 
rounded  hotel  life.  On  the  main  tioor  are  the  offices,  reception  room,  reading  room  and  spacious  and  dining  rooms. 
The  finest  of  wines  and  liquors  are  kept  for  the  accommodation  of  the  guest  only,  and  the  service  in  every  depart- 
ment is  perfect.  Many  of  the  rooms  are  arranged  en  suite,  affording  superior  facilities  for  families.  The  Clarendon 
has  ever  been  noted  for  its  table.  Mr.  Kerner  is  a  liberal  caterer,  believing  in  serving  the  best  and  plenty  of  it.  and 
is  assisted  in  this  branch  by  expert  chefs  and  stewards.  As  regards  location,  the  Clarendon  has  no  successful  ri- 
val, being  directly  cer.tral  to  the  most  fashionable  sections  of  the  city,  the  best  stores,  theaters  and  churches,  while 
in  view  of  the  solid  comfort  enjoyed  by  guests  the  ])ublic  will  best  consult  its  own  interests  by  stopping  here  and 
partaking  of  the  generous  hospitality  extended  by  Mr.  Kerner,  than  wlion)  there  is  no  more  popular  host  in  all  the 
land. 


THINGVALLA  LINE,  A.  E.  Johnson  &  Co.,  General  Passenger  Agents,  No.  28  State  Street. — The  commercial 
greatness  of  New  York  is  mainly  due  to  her  unexcelled  natural  and  artificially  improved  facilities  as  a  ship- 
ping port,  and  to  the  splendid  lines  of  steamships  which  ply  from  hence  to  all  i)arts  of  the  world.  The 
ThingviUla  Line  is  the  only  direct  pas.scnger  and  mail  line  between  New  York  ami  Denmark,  Norway  and 
Sweden,  and  the  only  transatlantic  line  of  passenger  steamers  sailing  under  a  Scandinavian  flag  and  liaving  Scan- 
dinavian captains,  officers,  surgeons  and  crew.  Messrs.  A.  E.  Johnson  &  Co.  are  general  passenger  agents  of  this 
line,  with  bead(iuarters  at  No.  28  State  Street.  This  firm  were  originally  northwestern  agents  for  the  Tbingvalla, 
staticmed  at  St.  Paul  from  ISSl  until  1890,  when  they  were  made  their  genital  agents  here.  They  furnish  cabin, 
inter«iediate  and  steerage  tickets  between  New  York,  Christiana,  Christiansan<l,  Bergen,  Stavanger,  Tiondhjem, 
Gothenburg,  Stockholm,  Malmo,  Esbjerg  or  Copenhagen  at  very  reasonable  prices;  while  all  jjiissenger  luggage  is 
checked  from  port  of  embarkation  to  the  point  of  destination,  the  value  of  which  safeguard  against  loss  or  delay 
of  baggage  cannot  be  over-estimated.  Thingvalla  steamers  make  faster  time  between  Scandinavian  jiorts  and  New 
Y'ork  than  any  other  line,  the  usual  time  being  eleven  to  twelve  days.  The  salocnis  are  spacious  and  finely  fur- 
nished, the  state-rooms  aie  thoroughly  commodious,  with  every  possible  convenience  that  good  taste,  experience 
and  .science  can  supply,  while  the  cuiKiite  is  on  the  same  liberal  plan  as  the  other  appointments.  Scandinavian  pas- 
sengers should  by  all  means  select  the  Thingvalla  Line,  as  the  passengers  are  all  of  that  nationality,  as  are  also  all 
onboard.  The  steamer's  dock  is  at  foot  of  Fourth  Street,  Hoboken,  and  passengers  will  do  well  to  secure  their 
berths  as  early  as  possible,  especially  during  the  spring  and  summer  season,  as  the  line  is  eminently  popular  with 
Scandinavians.  So,  too,  are  the  general  passenger  agents,  Messrs.  A.  E.  Johnson  and  Olaf  O.  Searle.  'i'hese  gen- 
tlemen, composing  the  firm  of  A.  E.  Johnson  it  Co.,  are  proprietors  of  the  largest  Scandinavian  and  Geiman  land 
and  emigration  agency  of  the  United  States.  They  have  for  sale  about  sixty  millions  of  acies  of  the  best  timber, 
prairie  and  grazing  lands  of  the  northwest  and  on  the  Pacific  co.ast;  while  their  steamship  ticket  business  is  unpar- 
alleled. They  represent  most  of  the  prominent  steamship  companies  in  the  world,  as  Northwestern  agents,  inclu- 
ding the  Inman,  White  Star,  Cunard  and  National  Lines,  with  offices  in  St.  Paul,  Chicago,  Minneapolis,  Duluth, 
Spokane  P'alls,  Seattle.  Tacoma  and  Portland,  Ore.  They  also  transact  a  large  foreign  exchange  business,  issuing 
drafts  on  the  leading  banks  throughout  the  world;  while  their  otiices  are  veritable  bureaus  of  information.  The 
firm  are  also  general  German  and  Scandinavi.an  emigratiim  agents  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  are  jjartic- 
ularly  well  posted  on  lands  and  other  matters  of  interest  for  business  men,  farmers,  mechanics  or  laborers  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Mr.  Johnson  was  horn  in  Karlskoga,  province  of  Vermland,  Sweden,  in  the  year  1840,  and  emigrated 
•  to  America  when  fourteen  years  old.  He  has  been  identified  with  emigration  affairs  for  over  a  (juarter  of  a  cen- 
tury, and  as  early  as  1807  was  appointed  official  emigration  agent  for  tiie  state  of  Minnesota.  He  is  now  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Scandinavian  American  Hank  of  St.  Paul,  and  director  of  the  Scandia  Rank  of  Minneapolis  and  (he 
Scandia- American  Bank  of  Crookston,  as  well  as  largely  interested  in  the  publication  of  "  The  North,"  a  Scandina- 
vian paper  published  at  Minncajiolis  in  the  English  language.  Mr.  Searle  was  born  in  Norway  thii  ty  years  ago, 
and  came  to  America  in  1S.S1.  He  became  a  p.artner  of  Mr.  Johnson  two  years  later,  and  has  since  been  largely 
interested  in  the  ccnnmercial  and  financial  development  of  the  great  northwest.  These  gentlemen  combine  great 
force  of  c.hara«ier,  vigorous  a!  ility  and  ripe  experience  to  form  a  firm  of  international  prominence,  wide-spread 
po;ni':u'ty  ;\n(l  so'i  1  woifli. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


r. 


BROOKS  BROTHERS,  Clotliieis  aiul  Dealers  in  (Jentloincii'K  Funi'isliiii^  GuikIs,  Broadway,  Coinei  Twiiity- 
secoud  Street.— New  Toik's  supremacy  in  the  ready-made  clutliiiif;-  trade  is  assured  liy  tlie  possession  of 
such  an  eminent  and  enterprising  house  as  that  of  Messrs.  Brooks  Brothers,  located  on  Broadway,  coiner 
of  Twenty-second  Street.  This  house  was  the  pioneer  in  the  ready-made  dothinj;  trade  in  this  country,  and 
the  sound  judgment,  marked  executive  ability  and  perfect  facilities  of  its  founders  and  promoters  have  lon>;  a^o 
secured  for  the  fine  clothing  of  their  manufacture,  the  national  reputation  of  lieing  fully  the  equal  of  lustom  made. 
The  business  was  established  in  1818  liy  Mr.  Heiuy  Brooks,  who  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  H.  and  D.  H.  Brooks 
until  1832,  when  the  firm  of  Brooks  Brothers  was  organized  by  Messrs.  1).  H.,  John,  Elisha  and  Edward  S.  Brooks. 
The  members  of  the  firm  at  present  are  John  E.  Brooks,  a  sou  of  John  Brooks  and  a  member  since  1875;  Francis 
Wagner  and  Francis  G.  Lloyd,  both  partners  since  1879;  and  Frederick  Brooks,  the  youngest  so)i  of  John,  who 
came  into  tlie  firm  in  1889.  The  business  was  originally  located  at  the  corner  of  Catherine  and  Cherry  Streets,  and 
about  1858  the  firm  erected  a  building  at  Broadway  and  Grand  Street,  which  for  a  number  of  years  was  accounted 


the  largest  and  most  elaborate  clothing  house  in  the  world.  Tlie  present  premises  have  been  occupied  for  the  past 
ten  years,  and  comprise  an  entire  five-story  building,  125  x  175  feet  in  dimension.i,  divided  into  maiinfaitnriiig  and 
sales  dei)artmeiits  and  supjilicd  with  elevators,  steam-heat  and  all  modern  conveniences,  while  eniiiloynieiit  is 
given  in  the  building  to  four  hundred  skilled  hands,  and  to  some  three  hundred  more  outside.  Tliis  firm  maiiii- 
facture  all  their  own  goods,  and  make  a  specialty  of  custom  work,  selling  only  to  the  consumer,  which  extends  to 
all  parts  of  the  United  States,  with  numerous  permanent  customers  in  London,  Paris.  South  America.  Mexico, 
Australia  and  other  foreign  countries.  The  firm  make  the  finest  clothing  in  the  world.  Their  ready-made  goods 
are  all  distinguished  for  some  excellence,  peculiarly  their  own,  while  the  finer  grades  are  equal  in  every  respect  to 
the  best  custom  work  in  fit,  finish,  elegance  and  fashion.  The  proprietors  exerci.se  sound  judgment  and  the  great- 
est enterprise  in  the  selection  of  their  woolens  and  suitings,  and  are  first  to  secure  all  the  new  shades,  patterns  and 
textures  in  both  American  and  foreign  fabrics,  while  their  styles  are  recognized  as  correct.  The  business  has 
attained  pioportions  of  enormous  magnitude,  growing  upon  the  sound  basis  of  the  best  clothing  of  every  grade  at 
the  lowest  ])rices  commensurate  with  lionest  workmanship.  As  thus  constituted,  the  house  has  few  equals  any- 
where for  all  those  qualifications  that  insure  efficiency  and  success,  and  their  establishment  is  a  model  one  in  every 
sense. 


128 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


SLACHMAN  &  CO.,  Dealers  in  California  Wines  and  Brandies,  Nos.  453  to  46.')  Brannan  Street,  San  Francisco,  California;  New  York 
Office,  Nos.  as,  34  and  86  Elm  Street.— The  marked  attention  that  has  been  given  dnring  recent  years  to  the  cultivation  of  grapes  in  the 
favorable  districts  of  the  United  States,  has  resulted  in  developing  that  industry  to  vast  proportions,  and  has  greatly  increased  the 
•  popular  demand  for  wines  as  a  healthful  and  stimulating  beverage,  which  in  spite  of  the  determined  opposition  of  handlers  of  the 
best  brands  of  such  goods  from  the  old  and  long  cultivated  wine  producing  regions  of  Europe,  whose  groovers  see  that  one  of  the  best 
and  must  fruitful  fields  of  consumptinn  is  rapidly  passing  out  of  their  hands,  and  whose  besj  vintages  when  placed  in  comparison  with  those 
pniduced  in  this  country  possess  no  better  qualities,  and  in  many  instances  are  vastly  inferior  to  those  grown  and  made  in  this  country,  tak- 
ing age,  climate  and  e.\perience  into  due  consideration.  To  no  individual  is  more  credit  due  for  these  results  than  to  Mr.  S.  Lachman,  pro- 
prietor of  S.  Lachman  &  Co.'s  mammoth  establishment  located  at  Nos.  453  to  463  Brannan  Street.  San  Francisco,  California,  and  whose  New 
York  office  is  desirably  situated  at  Nos.  aS,  31  and  26  Elm,  corner  of  Duane  Street.  This  gentleman  is  truly  the  pioneer  of  the  wine  and 
bcandy  industry  in  California,  and  his  establishment  is  the  oldest  and  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  premises  occupied  in  San  Fran- 
cisco are  vei-y  spacious  and  commodious,  and  form  one  of  the  most  celebrated  features  of  that  great,  flourishing  metropolis.  The  building 
itself  covers  an  area  of  over  48,000  square  feet,  and  is  two  stories  higli,  which,  with  the  basement  gives  the  establishment  a  superficial  capacity 
of  about  143,000  sq.  ft.  or  a  fraction  over  three  acres  and  a  quarter.  It  is  fully  titled  up  and  equipped  for  business,  storage,  bottling  and  other 
purposes,  and  is  complete  in  eveiy  arrangement,  having  every  necessary  modern  appliance  and  approved  method  at  hand,  while  a  large 
force  of  thoroughly  skilled  and  experienced  hands  are  given  constant  employment.  The  building  is  well  lighted  and  ventilated,  while  the 
vaults  and  cellars  are  paved  with  concrete,  traversed  in  all  directions,  with  gutter  ways  tor  carrying  oft'  all  water  used  in  cleaning 
anil  draining  the  vast  quantity  of  storage  casks.  This  sewerage  system,  so  complete  in  its  uses,  is  the  result  of  the  practical  ideas  and 
experience  of  the  proprietor,  ably  assisted  by  his  son  Albert,  who  was  brought  up  in  the  business  and  is  a  young  man  of  great  business 


qualifieations  and  praciicabilitj-  in  all  that  he  undertakes  to  do.  In  the  cellar  are  several  hundred  oval  shaped  oak  casks,  each  holding  2000 
gallons,  systematically  arranged  in  rows.  There  are  also  several  mammoth  receiving  tanks  with  a  capacity  ranging  from  10.000  to  16,000 
gallons  each,  and  connected  by  a  series  of  pipes  and  pumps  to  which  a  hose  may  be  attached  for  conveying  the  wines  to  any  part  of  the 
buildmg.  Having  supei'ior  connections  with  the  best  and  largest  vineyards  and  wine  producing  districts  in  the  state,  the  wines  are  received 
in  these  tanks  where  they  are  blended,  in  order  to  obtain  a  uniformity  of  quality,  and  then  pumped  into  the  casks  and  allowed  to  remain 
there  until  settled,  when  they  are  returned  to  the  tanks  and  from  there  drawn  off  into  smaller  packages  and  allowed  to  mature  before  being 
placsd  upon  the  market.  The  bottling  department  is  tliorough  and  complete  in  all  its  arrangements,  and  the  utmost  care  is  taken  that  none 
but  the  very  best  class  of  goods  shall  emanate  from  the  establishment.  The  cherry  oven  is  of  the  latest  impi-oved  pattern  and  is  kept  at  an 
unvarying  temperature  so  necessary  in  preparing  wines  of  Uiis  character.  The  engine,  boiler  room,  cooper  shops,  stables,  and.  in  fact, 
everything  connected  with  this  concern  are  all  complete  in  every  particular,  and  contribute  toward  making  it  a  model  of  its  kind.  Tlie 
range  of  products  embraces  the  very  choicest  of  high  grades  of  sparkling  and  still  wines,  dry  and  sweet  champagnes.  Burgundies,  ports, 
sherry,  Tokay,  Rhine  and  claret  wines,  while  the  output  each  year  amounts  to  many  ntillionsof  gallons,  for  which  there  is  alw.iys  a  steady 
demand  owing  to  tlieir  superior  qualities.  A  specialty  is  made  of  pul'e  grape  bi-andies  which  are  fully  equal  to  the  best  produced  anywhere 
in  the  world,  all  conditions  being  considered.  Mr.  Lachman  is  the  first  dealer  and  wine  producer  to  send  California  productions  of  this  kind 
to  the  eastern  states,  and  the  results  he  has  attained  since  must  certainly  be  very  gi-atifying  to  him,  as  the  trade  soon  grew  to  such  propor- 
tions, that  in  order  to  meet  its  demands  he  established  his  branch  in  this  city  in  1888,  which  is  under  the  able  and  enterprising  management 
of  his  son  Albert,  and  is  rapidly  developing  its  trade  throughout  the  whole  country  east  of  the  Rocky  Moimtains.  Mr.  Albert  Lachman  is  a 
native  of  California,  a  pleasant,  courteous  gentleman,  full  of  that  wide-awake  business  enterprise  and  keen  perception  that  the  young  men  of 
that  locality  possess,  and  enjoys  the  fullest  confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  has  any  social  or  commercial  transactions. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


129 


||ii,;M'    III      ; 


H  1^        ^'  DANN,  Leather  Remnants  of  all  Kinds.  No.  57  Rose  Street.— The  trade  in  leather  has  long  been  recognized  as  a  leading  de- 

/  JL  1         Piirtineut  of  commerce  ainoug  the  business  interests  of  the  Empire  City,  and  has  engaged'and  is  still  engaging  the  attention  of  some 

/        1         of   the  most  progressive  business  men  of   the  metropoUs.    The  largest   leather   remnant   house  in   the  world   and   the   best- 

-^      -*■•   known    in    tlie    country    is    that    of    Mr.     M.     \V.    Dann.    whose    office    is    at   No.    57    Rose    Street,    and    who    has    long 

been    favorably    known    to   the    trade    throughout     the     United    States    and     Canada,    his    operations    extending    all    over 

both  countries.     Mr.  Dann  is  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  resides  in  that  state, 

where  he  recently   had  the  misfortune  to   have  his   private  residence,  vakifd 

at  3&30,OO0  destroyed  by  fire,  but  a  new  building  is  now  being  erected  in  iis 

place.     Mr.  Dann  first  began  business  in  IStW,  at  No.  :i81  Pearl  Street,  startiiiLj; 

upon  a  small  scale,  but  gradually  building  up  a  large,  first-class  trade.    He  wa-< 

subsequently  at  Xos.  369  and  3ss 
PeHrl  Street,  and  took  possession 
of  his  piesent  quarters  in  th.- 
Spring  of  the  current  year.  H-- 
has  also  a  branch  at  Xos.  4Guii'l 
4tS  Ferry  Street.  In  addition  t.> 
his  business  operations  on  Wm^ 
continent,    Mr.    Danu    also    has 

S"W\  rXrer^^C^  FTEiJ^O'  '^^  Ttjj  connections  with  the  trade  in 
'511''  '~Mn['  luj'  ISMr-i'  \—\  '■  t;(r  England,  France,  Germany,  H-il- 
™i"        ®^      *^'     i^™'    ■'        ^    '     '"^      land  and  Belgium,  and  his  salis 

last     year     amoimted    to    o\  ei 

3,000,000  pounds  of  leather  offal 

A  heavy  stock  of  leather  rem 

nants    is    at   all    times    carrie-l, 

including    calf    patent    skirting', 

calf  patent  tongues,  French  calf 

tongues,   French   calf   skirtings, 

French  calf  patches,  split  pat- 
ents,    American    calf     skirting, 

American  calf  centers,  American 

calf  shoulders,  kangaroo  centers, 

kangaroo  skirtings,  horse  hide 
centers,  bright  Dongola,  dull  Dongola,  French  kid,  pebbled  goat,  maroon  goat. 
russet  goat,  welt  leather,  half  heeling,  rands,  skewings.  etc..  and  the  facilities 
of  the  house  enable  the  proprietor  to  meet  all  ordei's  upon  the  most  favor- 
and  acceptable  terms.  Mr.  Dann  is  liberal  in  his  policy,  prompt  in  meetinir 
all  the  requirements  of  his  patrons,  and  all  transactions  are  conducted  upon 

the  most  commendable  principles  of  equitable  and  honorable  dealing.     Herewith  is  pr'--rn^.i  ,i  ) ni   .  ;   di,-  [.loprietur,  Mr.  M.  \\  .  liann. 

together  with  a  cut  of  the  building  occupied  at  No.  57  Rose  Street.    The  success  of  the  lirui  under  his  management  has  established  his  busi- 
ness ability. 


HENRY  S.  NORTHROP,  Jlanufacturer  of  Stamped  Steel  Ceilings,  Corrugated  and  Paneled  Iron  Ceilings,  No.  30  Rose  Street.— In  no 
modern  line  of  progress  has  greater  or  more  satisfactory  advance  been  made  than  in  the  matter  of  interior  decoration,  and  the  most 
admirable  effects  in  ornamentation  are  attainable  at  moderate  expense.  One  of  the  greatest  improvements  of  the  kind  that  has 
been  achieved  is  the  introduction  of  stamped  steel  ceilings  and  corrugated  and  paneled  iron  ceilings,  which  surpass  any  other  interior 
in  finish  and  prevent  damage  from  wat^r,  falling  plaster,  etc..  while  they  also  do  away  with  annoyance  from  cracking  plaster,  and 
shrinking  wood  ceilings  and  all  decorations  dependent  upon  thera.  A  leading  establislmient  engaged  in  this  field  of  manufacture  is  that  of 
Mr.  Henry  S.  Northrop,  located  at  No.  30  Rose  Street,  this  city.  The  business  of  this  concern  was  originally  founded  in  Pittsburgh,  in  1877,  by 
the  present  proprietor,  and  in  1888  a  removal  was  effected  to  this  city,  a  wider  scope  of  operations  being  possible  here.  Owing  to  the  intrin- 
sic merits  and  artistic  excellence  of  Mr.  Northrop's  productions  he  has  gained  a  large,  steadily  growing  patronage  of  the  most  influential 
character,  extending  all  throughout  the  United  States.  The  spacious  premises  occupied,  have  an  area  of  'il  x  IOC  feet,  and  are  equipped  witli 
steam-power  machinery  and  all  appliances  adaptable  to  the  industry.  Employment  is  found  for  thirty-five  expert  workmen,  and  metal  steel 
ceilings,  corrugated  and  paneled  iron  ceilings  comprise  the  products.  These  are  made  in  a  large  number  of  beautiful  designs,  and  with  only 
plain  painting,  they  decorate  a  room  richly,  from  the  designs  in  relief  on  them,  while  in  the  hands  of  a  skillful  colorist,  they  surpass  in  beauty 
any  other  material.  Mr.  Northrop  publishes  a  handsomely  illustrated  descriptive  catalogue  of  these  specialties,  and  Ite  is  always  pleased  to 
furnish  a  copy  to  any  one  desiring  the  same.  Mr.  Northrop  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  has  long  been  prominently  known  in  the  business  world,  and 
his  superior  goods  and  liberal  methods  entitle  him  to  the  fullest  confidence  and  patronage  of  the  public. 


VILLETS  &  CO..  Commission  ^Merchants,  No.  303  Pearl  Street,  and  No.  64  ClifT  Street,  (Swamp).— The  trade  in  leather  has  ever 
been  connected  prominently  with  the  development  of  New  York's  commerce,  wealth  and  business  fame,  and  has  identified  with  it 
some  of  the  most  progressive  and  public-spirited  business  men  of  the  metropolis.  The  oldest  house  in  the  "  Swamp,"  engaged  in 
this  line  is  that  of  Messi-s.  Willets  &  Co.,  commission  merchants,  whose  establishment  is  located  at  No.  303  Pearl  Street  and  No  64. 
Cliff  Street,  the  five-story  building  occupied  running  through  the  entire  block.  This  house  has  been  in  active  operation  for 
the  past  three  quarters  of  a  century,  and  is  widely  and  favorably  known  in  the  trade.  The  business  was  founded  in  1815  by  A.  &  S. 
Willets,  since  deceased,  and  the  firm  is  now  composed  of  J.  T.,  R.  R.,  W.  H.  and  H.  Willets.  These  gentlemen  possess  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  leather  trade  in  all  its  branches,  and  understand  full  well  liow  to  most  satisfactorily  meet  all  demands  made  upon 
their  resources.  They  carry  on  general  operations  as  commission  merchants,  making  a  specialty  of  Stoneham  sole  leather. 
They  have  long  established  connections  of  an  influential  order,  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries,  and 
possess  unexcelled  facilities  for  advantageously  disposing  of  all  consignments  made  to  them,  guaranteeing  prompt  sales,  speedy  returns,  and 
the  highest  current  prices,  while  liberal  advances  are  made  when  requested.  The  premises  occupied  have  a  very  large  storage  capacity,  and 
an  assorted  stock  is  kept  on  hand  to  meet  the  active  demand  supplied.  The  Messrs.  Willets  are  natives  of  New  York,  popularly 
known  in  commercial  circles,  and  their  estaltlishment  is  an  acknowledged  leading  representative  in  its  special  brannh  of  trade. 


130  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

FW.  DEVOE  &  Co.,  Painters'  Colors,  Etc.,  Coruer  Fulton  and  William  Streets.— There  are  some  houses  in  this  city  whose  long 
and  steady  career,  heavy  and  extensive  transactions,  and  solid  business  qualities,  make  them  landmarks  in  the  history  of  the 
past,  and  prime  factors  in  the  commerce  of  the  present.  Of  such,  the  famous  house  of  3Iessrs.  F.  W.  Devoe  &  Co.  is  a  prom- 
inent  representative,  both  by  reason  of  its  great  age,  the  extent  of  its  trade,  and  the  force  and  energy  of  its  management.  As 
manufacturers  and  importers  of  painters'  colors,  tine  varnishes.  Japans,  etc.,  this  firm  enjoy  a  reputation  as  wide  as  the  world 
and  a  trade  that  is  practically  universal.  As  the  recognized  leader  in  its  branch  of  industry,  this  house  is  worthy  of  accurate  historical 
reference.  The  foundation  of  the  business  was  laid  in  1755,  by  Mr.  William  Post,  as  a  painter  and  glazier,  at  No.  43  Water  Street.  In 
1770  he  became  a  dealer  in  paints,  glass  and  colors,  and  in  1794  he  removed  the  business  to  the  corner  of  Water  and  Fletcher  Streets. 
In  1798  the  firm  of  William  Post  &  Sons  was  organized,  which  continued  until  1800,  when  Messrs.  William  &  Gerardus  Post  succeeded  to 
the  control,  subsequent  changes  occurred  as  follows,  to  wit:  1834,  WiUiam  Post;  18:^6,  Butler  &  Barker;  184(j,  Francis  Butler;  1848^ 
Butler  &  Raynolds  ;  1851,  C.  T.  Raynolds  ;  185-2,  Raynolds  &  Devoe  ;  1855,  Raynolds,  Devoe  &  Co  ;  1858,  Raynolds,  Devoe  &  Pratt;  18&4, 
F.  W.  Devoe  &  Co.  From  1794  until  1855  the  business  was  carried  on  at  tlie  corner  of  Water  and  Fletcher  Streets,  and  since  then  has 
always  been  on  Fulton  Street.  The  paint  factories  of  the  firm  are  located  at  Horatio  and  Jane  Streets.  New  York;  while  their  varnish 
works  are  situated  at  Nos.  213,  215,  2ir.and  219  Railroad  Avenue.  Newark,  N.  J.  The  paint  factories  contain  nearly  two  acres  of  floor  space, 
and  are  the  best  arranged  works  of  their  kind  in  the  country.  They  have  all  the  most  approved  machinery,  and  their  location  enables 
the  firm  to  make  quick  shipments  and  a  saving  in  cost  of  transportation.  Among  the  departments  in  the  factories  are  those  for  white 
lead  and  zinc,  white  paints,  dry  colors,  chrome  greens,  blues,  chrome  yellows,  "Persian  Scarlet,"  "Zubia  Vermillion,"  etc.;  colors  in  oil, 
for  house  painters;  colors  in  japan,  for  coach  painters;  pulp,  distemper,  and  "Florentine  Fresco"  colors;  '"Park  Lawn  Green,"  "Arti- 
san Graiuine  Colors"  and  "Flat  Brick  Red  ;"  artists'  tube  paiuts  and  prepared  canvas:  carmine,  lakes,  etc.;  brushes  and  pencils  for 
artists,  grainers  and  painters;  mixed  paints,  ready  for  use;  dry  grinding  and  pulverizing  of  umV)ers,  siennas,  drop  blacks;  tin  pails,  cans 
and  painters'  tinware;  and  storage  for  chemicals  and  other  merchandise  used  in  the  manufacture.  The  perfect  mills  and  machinery, 
and  the  gt-neral  ai-rangements  for  economical  manufacture,  with  the  care  exercised  in  the  selection  of  materials,  enable  the  firm  to  pro- 
duce, at  closest  figures,  the  best  grades  of  ground  white  lead  and  zinc  white,  and  other  goods,  equal,  at  least,  to  any  in  the  market. 
Their  dry  coiors  are  greatly  esteemed  by  the  trade  for  their  strength,  brilliancy  and  purity;  while  great  care  is  given  to  the  fine  grind- 
ing of  colors  in  pure  linseed  oil.  for  painters'  use;  and  the  purity  of  the  best  grade  is  indicated  by  a  copy  of  the  signature  of  the  firm 
on  the  label.  Their  ready-mixed  paints  for  inside  and  outside  painting  include  a  large  assortment  of  the  most  fashionable  and  desirable 
shades,  and  are  always  uniform  and  reliable,  unrivaled  in  appearance,  unexcelled  in  durability,  unparalleled  in  economy,  unequaled  in 
convenience,  unprecedented  in  reputation  and  undisputed  in  the  broad  claim  of  being  the  very  best  ready  mixed  paints  in  the  world. 
The  varnish  works  of  this  firm  have  recently  been  doubled  in  capacity,  so  that  now  they  are  among  the  most  compact  and  complete 
varnish  plants  in  the  country.  They  are  equipped  with  the  most  modern  and  improved  facilities  for  the  production  of  high  grade  goods. 
The  varnishes  made  here  have  been  long  and  favorably  known  by  the  railway  trade  throughout  the  United  States,  and  are  by  them 
highliT  esteemed  for  their  ease  of  working,  brilliancy  and  great  durability.  At  different  times  some  of  the  largest  railway  corporations 
have  made  elaborate  and  severe  tests  of  the  varnishes  made  by  different  manufacturers,  and  in  every  case  the  results  of  such  tests  have 
been  in  favor  of  the  varnishes  made  by  F.  W.  Devoe  &  Co.  These  railway  varnishes  are  used  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  New  York  Cen- 
tral and  Hudson  River  Railroad,  New  York,  Lake  Erie  and  Western  Railroad,  Manhattan  Elevated  Railway  Company,  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  and  many  others.  Among  railway  and  car  builders  who  favor  this  firm  regularly  with  requisitions  for  their  various  manufact- 
ures, and  for  whom  they  make  special  body  colors,  may  be  named,  in  addition  to  those  above,  the  Canadian  Pacific,  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee and  St.  Paul,  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  and  Indianapolis,  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  and  Dayton,  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio,  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western,  the  Louisville  and  Nashville,  the  Long  Island,  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
and  Hartford,  the  New  York,  West  Shore  and  Buffalo,  and  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroads;  Pullman's  Palace  Car  Company,  the 
Harlan  and  Hollingsworth  Company.  Jackson  and  Sliarp  Company.  Gilbert  Car  Manufacturing  Cojupany,  Wagner  Palace  Car  Company  and 
others.  The  New  York  establishment  is  headquarters  not  only  for  the  specialties  mentioned,  but  also  for  artists'  materials,  fine  brushes, 
mathematical  instruments,  engineers"  supplies,  draughtsmen's  materials,  etc.  One  hundred  assistants  are  employed  at  the  store  m  this  city, 
one  hundred  at  the  varnish  works  and  four-  hundred  at  the  paint  factories.  As  before  indicated,  the  field  of  this  firm  is  the  world.  Trade 
depressions  in  local  places  do  not  effect  them.  They  make  more  grades  and  varieties  of  goods  than  any  of  their  contemporaries,  and  they 
can  exclaim  with  mighty  England  that  the  si,m  never  sets  upon  the  products  of  their  industry.  The  members  of  this  representative  firm  are 
Messrs.  Frederick  W.  Devoe,  James  F.  Drunimond  and  J.  Seaver  Page.  Mr  I)rummond  has  the  management  of  the  paint  factories,  and  has 
personally  directed  their  operation  since  iSjfJ  Mr.  Page  has  special  charge  of  the  varnish  works.  The  co-partners  are  all  adepts  in  this 
line  of  manufacture,  conservative  in  their  methods,  yet  always  abreast  of  the  times,  relying  ui>on  the  merits  of  their  goods  to  maintain  their 
position  in  the  market,  and  occupying  a  place  in  the  business  world  which  honors  them  far  more  than  can  any  words  that  these  pages  could 
bestow. 

THE  ELLITHORPE  AIR  BRAKE  COMPANY.  Manufacturers  of  Steam  and  Hydraulic  Passenger  and  Freight  Elevators  No.  74  Cort- 
landt  Street.— The  use  of  elevators  has  become  so  universal  that  the  best  inventive  talent  and  mechanical  skill  have  been  utilized  in 
their  production,  and  yet  among  the  multitude  of  manufacturers  it  is  well  to  pause  and  endeavor  to  weigh  the  compar-ative  merits 
of  the  various  styles,  and  select  upon  a  critical  basis  of  merit.  Some  of  the  concerns  engaged  in  this  branch  of  manufacture,  whose 
advertisements  are  sown  broadcast,  have  been  unable  to  maintain  the  market  their  ambitions  would  fill.  The  reason  is  apparent, 
■when  their  new-fangled  machines  break  down,  speedily  need  repairs,  or  prove  inadequate  to  the  work  demanded  of  them.  There  is  one  con- 
cern, at  least,  represented  in  this  city,  which  has  achieved  a  solid  reputation  for  the  superiority  of  their  elevators,  and  fully  live  up  to  it. 
This  is  the  Ellithorpe  Air  Brake  Elevator  Company,  whose  office  and  salesrooms  are  located  at  No.  74  Cortlandt  Street.  This  company  are 
extensive  marmfacturers  of  steam  and  hvdraulic  passenger  and  freight  elevators,  with  main  factory  at  Cliicago,  branch  houses  at  San 
Francisco,  Portland,  Oregon  and  Memphis.  Tenn.  Founded  on  a  substantial  basis  of  skill,  energy  and  integrity,  the  business  has 
had  a  remarkable  growth,  and  is  one  of  the  best  illustrations  of  industrial  progress  in  this  city.  The  managers  are  close  students  of  the 
progress  made  in  elevator  building  in  this  and  foreign  countries,  and  their  elevators  include  every  improvement  that  in  any  way 
conduces  to  safety,  economy  and  strength.  The  best  of  material  only  is  employed,  and  every  part  is  fashioned  and  put  together  with  the 
greatest  care  and  accuracy.  The  safeties  used  and  owned  by  the  Ellithorpe  Air  Brake  Company  are  considered  by  experts  the  best  in  the 
mirket.  Every  elevator  is  severely  tested  before  shipment,  and  is  guaranteed  to  give  perfect  satisfaction.  The  prices  are  at  bed-rock,  and, 
quality  considered,  are  the  cheapest  quoted  by  any  similar  concern  in  the  land.  Possessed  of  sterling  enterprise,  alert  to  meet  the  most 
exacting  requirements  of  customers,  and  determined  to  maintain  their  splendid  elevators  in  the  van  of  the  market,  this  company  are 
reaping  a  reward  in  increasing  sales  from  Maine  to  California.  For  passengers  or  for  freight,  these  elevators  are  manufactured  in  every 
desirable  size  and  variety.  They  have  met  with  such  public  favor  as  to  be  considered  a  modem  necessity,  and,  with  ;its  splendid  resources 
and  facilities,  it  cannot  be  questioned  but  this  company  will  carry  to  a  successful  issue  its  future  projects,  however  high  their  aim  or  exten- 
sive their  scope.  The  eastern  agents  are  F.  T.  Ellithorpe,  manager  of  sales  department,  and  W.  A.  Browne,  financial  manager  in  New  York, 
oil  of  whom  are  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  business  circles  of  this  city,  whose  career  has  been  eminently  prosperous  and  useful,  and 
^\;hns:e  ii'pularitv  is  both  pronounced  and  well  merited. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


131 


ri-i-MERICAN  GAS  PRESSURE  REGULATOR  CO.— One  of  the  important  improvements  of  tliis  wonderfully  progressive  age  is  the 
#1      "  Beatty  Regulator,"  introduced  by  the  American  Gas  Pressure  Regulator  Co.    This  company  was  incorporated  in  1886,  under  the 
/    I      laws  of  the  st^te  of  New  York,  with  a  capital  stock  of  S:iO,000.  and  has  its  headquarters  at  No.  3.j  Broadway.  Room  119.    The  follow- 
j  ing  gentlemen  are  the  officers,  viz.:  William  F.  Wedmayer,  president;  S.  A.  Beatty,  general  manager.    The  Beatty  gas  regulator  has 

been  iu  use  in  this  and  other  large  cities  for  many  years,  bnt  mainly  by  large  consumers,  and  it  is  the  only  regulator  that  has  stood 
the  test  of  time.  Impi-ovements  recently  made  and  patented,  having  simplttled  and  perfected  its  construction  and  working,  and  lessened 
the  cost  of  manufacture,  it  is  now  offered  to  all  consumers,  whether  large  or  small,  and  at  a  reasonable  price.  It  is  a  mercury  machine,  sen- 
sitive in  its  actiou;  lasts  for  years  and  requires  no  attention.  It 
will  control  the  pressure  at  the  burner  so  as  to  give  an  even  and 
uniform  light,  regardless  of  the  number  of  burners  that  may  be 
in  use.  it  being  absolutely  impossible  for  consumers  to  use  more 
gas  through  their  burners  than  tbey  desire,  for  the  reason  that 
the  regulator  is  automatic  in  its  action,  and  is  attached  with 
reference  to  the  capacity  of  the  meter  furnished  by  the  company 
supplying  the  gas;  the  actual  results  obtained  from  those  in  use 
show  that  the  pressure  was  uniform,  and  the  consumption  of 
each  burner  the  same,  whether  there  was  one  burner  or  forty  in 
use  at  the  same  time  from  the  same  meter,  the  i>ressure  at  the 
inlet  of  the  meter  varying  from  one  to  six  iuches,  while  the  regu- 
lator held  an  even  aud  uniform  pressure  at  the  burner  of  six 
tenths  of  an  inch,  being  the  best  results  obtained  under  wliicli 
gas  will  be  used  to  its  best  advantage  as  illuminating  power. 
The  pressure  being  under  perfect  control,  the  illuminating  power 
is  increased,  a  more  perfect  combustion  secured,  thereby  a  purer 
atmospliere;  the  breaking  of  globes  by  sudden  flame  contact  is 
prevented,  and  a  saving  made  of  from  fifteen  to  forty  per  cent. 
This  regulator  is  in  use  in  such  large  hotels  as  the  Fifth  Avenue, 
Windsor,  Hoffman.  Grand  Union,  Vendome,  Murray  Hill,  Metro- 
politan, Buckingham,  Coleman,  Gedney,  Glenham,  Plaza.  Morton, 
New  York,  United  States,  Cosmopolitan,  Continental,  St.  Denis, 
Colonnade,  Stevens,  Madison  Avenue  and  others  in  this  city;  also 
in  prominent  buildings  like  the  Star  Theater,  Masonic  Temple, 
Standard  Oil  Building,  Potter  Building,  Calumet  Club,  Henry 
Hilton's,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt's,  Arnold,  Constable  &  Co. "s.  Emi- 
grant Industrial  Savings  Bank,  Pursell's  Building  and  many 
others.  There  are  over  eight  thousand  now  in  use,  and  the  de- 
mand is  constantly  increasing,  not  only  in  this  country  but  in 
South  America  and  nil  over  Europe.  Every  regulator  is  guaranteed,  and  it  can  be  seen  at  the  office  of  the  company.  The  officers  of  this 
company  are  all  native  New  Yorkers,  standing  deservedly  high  in  commercial  and  financial  circles.  Mr.  Beatty,  the  general  manager,  has 
been  engaged  in  this  line  of  manufacture  since  1856,  and  is  noted  for  his  inventive  genius  and  practical  skill.  The  principal  hotels  have  had 
the  regulator  in  use  covering  a  period  of  from  one  to  thirty-two  years,  and  during  this  time  have  given  perfect  satisfaction,  as  can  be 
ascertained  by  the  testimonials  on  file  in  the  company's  office. 


fa  I  ^HE  PEOPLE'S  FIVE  YEAR  BENEFIT  ORDER,  J.  H.  Morgan,  I.  A..  General  Manager  for  New  York,  Brooklyn  and  New  Jersey. 
I  New  York  Office  No.  5  Beekman  Street— The  best  record  made  by  any  beneficiary  organization  is  tliat  achieved  by  The  People's  Five 
I  Year  Benefit  Order,  whose  New  York  Office  is  located  at  No.  5  Beekman  Street.  This  Order  was  incorporated  March  32.  1889,  under 
"^  the  laws  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  twenty-five  months  had  gained  15,.500  members,  with  a  gross  reserve  fund  of  $302,881.46.  This  is 
the  first  and  largest  five  year  benefit  order  in  America.  It  agrees  to  pay  each  member,  lady  or  gentleman,  S500  in  five  years  from 
date  of  membership.  It  agrees  to  pay  from  five  to  twenty  dollars  per  week  in  case  of  sickness  or  accident.  It  paid  $120,000  to  the  sick  dur- 
ing the  first  eighteen  months  of  its  existence,  while  the  cost  of  membership  last  year  was  only  nineteen  assessments  of  $1.50  each.  The 
objects  of  the  Order  are  to  unite  in  the  bonds  of  protection,  prudence  and  peace,  all  acceptable  persons  between  thirteen  and  sixty -nine,  of 
good  moral  character,  industrious  habits,  sound  bodily  health,  respectable  calling,  aud  who  believe  in  a  Supreme  Being.  There  is  connected 
with  the  Order  a  Relief  Fund,  divided  into  four  classes,  from  which  each  beneficial  member  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  a  sum,  as  he  may  elect, 
of  $500,  $400,  $300  or  $200  on  which  he  is  to  pay  from  $1..50  to  sixty  cents  on  each  assessment.  The  laws  of  the  Order  provide  that  $;iOO  can  be 
drawn  in  sick  or  accident  benefits  on  a  certificate  of  $500  during  five  years  membership;  not  more  than  $20  per  week  for  five  weeks  in  one 
year.  Assessments  as  needed  will  be  called  on  the  first  of  each  month  into  the  Relief  Fund  to  pay  sick,  accident  and  maturity  benefits.  This 
Order  is  attracting  the  best  citizens  to  its  ranks,  and  in  every  town  and  city  where  it  has  been  introduced,  it  has  met  with  decided  popular 
favor.  It  is  already  so  solid  that  competition  does  not  come  near  it,  and  as  an  organization  for  the  mutual  assistance  of  members  in  the 
line  of  sick  and  endowment  bpripfits  it  stands  unexcelled,  while  the  annual  expense  of  carrying  a  membership  is  within  the  reach  of  all.  The 
charters  will  remain  open  for  the  present,  and  any  lady  or  gentleman  between  the  ages  of  thirteen  and  sixty-nuie  years  of  sound  liealth  and 
good  moral  character,  are  cordially  invited  to  send  in  their  names  to  No.  5  Beekman  Street,  which  office  is  under  the  personal  management 
of  Mr.  Joseph  H.  Morgan,  the  Imperial  Adviser  of  the  Order.  Mr.  Morgan  is  one  of  the  best-known  members  of  our  secret  beneficial  organ- 
izations aud  the  founder  of  five  different  Orders.  He  has  been  a  citizen  of  Lawrence.  Massachusetts,  for  thirty-five  years,  and  during  the 
last  fifteen  yeai's  he  insured  in  that  city  alone  over  1,500  persons.  He  came  to  New  York  in  May,  1800,  to  accept  the  position  as  general 
manager  of  the  P.  F.  Y.  B.  O.  for  New  York.  Brooklyn  and  New  Jersey.  He  founded  the  Northern  Mutual  Relief.  The  Royal  Conclave  of 
Knights  and  Ladies,  The  Order  of  United  Friends,  The  Order  of  Tonti.  and  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  People's  Five  Year  Benefit 
Order.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Post  89.  G.  A.  R.  of  Lawrence,  and  bears  an  honorable  wound  in  the  shoulder  received  before  Port  Hudson 
while  serving  as  sergeant  in  company  B.  Fourth  Massachusetts  regiment.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Yew  Tree  Lodge.  F.  and  A.  M..of  Brooklyn; 
Past  Imperial  Councillor  of  the  Order  United  Friends;  Past  Supreme  Commander  United  Order  Golden  Cross;  Past  Supreme  President  Order 
of  Pente;  a  member  of  Grand  Temple  of  Temple  of  Honor;  the  Order  of  Heptasophs,  the  Red  Men,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Golden  Rule  Alliance, 
Iron  Hall  and  Good  Fellows  Club,  of  Boston;  and  also  one  of  the  ex-directors  of  the  Old  Residents  Association,  of  Lawrence,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lawrence  Street  Congregational  Church  of  that  city.  He  is  still  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  noted  for  his  executive  ability  and 
business  push,  and  his  friends  are  legion  the  country  over  in  both  social,  military  and  business  circles. 


132  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

ES.  GREELEY  &  CO.,  (Successors  to  L.  G.  Tillotson  &  Co.),  Manufacturers,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Railway  and  Telegraph  Supp'.ies„ 
Nos.  5  and  7  Dey  Street,  Factory,  Nos.  8*^  and  84  Fulton  Street.— Of  late  years  there  has  sprung  up  an  increase  in  the  demand  for 
all  descriptions  of  railway,  electrical,  steamship  and  contractors'  supplies.  Moreover  so  many  novelties  and  inventions  have  been 
•  introduced  that  the  trade  has  developed  into  a  leading  industry  with  many  large  and  intluential  undertakings  in  this  city.  The 
chief  among  these  is  the  house,  at  present  known  as  Messrs.  E.  S.  Greeley  &  Co.,  whose  offices  and  store  rooms  are  situated  at  Nos. 
5  and  ?  Dey  Street.  This  business  was  established  in  18W.  under  the  firm  name  of  L.  G.  Tillotson  &  Co.,  who  were  succeeded  later  by  the^ 
present  firm.  Although  originated  with  a  modest  beginning  they  have  been  so  successful  in  their  transactions  that  they  have  now  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  connections  in  the  country.  The  prominence  they  have  attained  is  mainly  due  to  a  wise  selection  of  the  materials  used  ia 
manufacture,  a  thorougli,  practical  experience  brought  to  bear  upon  the  business  by  Gen.  E.  S.  Greeley,  the  proprietor,  and  Mr.  E.  W.  Fier- 
son  the  factory  manager,  and  the  sound  judgment,  tact  and  enterprise  for  which  Mr.  Greeley  is  so  renowned.  The  house  may  be  described 
as  manufacturers,  importers  and  dealers  in  railway  and  telegraph  supplies  of  every  description,  and  it  is  the  oldest  concern  of  its  kind  in  the 
United  States.  To  keep  pace  with  the  constantly  increasing  volume  of  trade,  it  is  found  necessary  to  keep  over  sixty  experienced  operatives, 
constantly  at  work.  The  factories  is  located  at  Nos.  82  and  84  Fulton  Street  and  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  the  former  consisting  of  two  floors,  each 
50  X  75  feet  in  dimensions.  It  is  fitted  with  all  the  most  modern  mechanical  appliances  and  machinery  generally,  for  the  requirements  of  the 
business,  and  this  plant  alone  is  worth  not  less  than  $4<.),tXX).  A  heavy  stock  of  all  their  branches  of  manufacture  and  imports  is  al\^ays  kept 
on  hand,  and  represents  a  capital  of  many  hundred  thousands  of  dollars.  Their  goods  which  are  always  of  uniform  quality  and  reliability,  are 
steadily  becoming  recognized  in  foreign  markets,  and  as  a  consequence,  their  export  trade  is  assuming  very  large  proportions,  and  bids  fair 
ere  long  to  become  as  considerable  an  item  as  their  business  at  home.  Mr.  Piersou,  the  factory  manager  is  a  native,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  ia 
very  popular,  both  in  tliis  city  and  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  he  resides.  The  proprietor.  Gen.  E.  S.  Greeley,  who  is  an  old  expert  in  telegraphic- 
and  railway  matters,  was  born  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  but  has  lived  in  New  York  City  for  a  number  of  years  past.  He  is  as  widely  known  as  he  is- 
highly  respected  for  his  ability,  enterprise  and  strict  conscientiousness  in  all  his  dealings. 

NEW  JERSEY  LAMP  AND  BRONZE  WORKS.  Ralph  W.  Booth,  Manager.  New  York  Office,  No.  91  Duane  Street.— Of  the  many  and 
varied  uses  to  which  electricity  has  been  applied  in  the  arts  and  manufactures,  by  no  means  least  in  importance  is  the  application 
of  this  mighty  and  mysterious  force  to  the  polishing  and  burnishing  of  metals.  Especially  is  this  true  in  regard  to  fine  bronze 
work,  in  which  branch  most  of  the  recent  productions  have  been  distinctly  artistic.  What  with  new  and  improved  processes, 
invention  and  sustained  efi'ort.  the  electro-bronze  article  turned  out  by  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers  now  are  certainly  a, 
triumph  of  skill.  And  in  connection  with  the  subject  here  under  review,  special  mention  should  be  made  of  the  superb  productions  of  the- 
New  Jersey  Lamp  and  Bronze  Works,  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  with  New  York  office  at  No.  91  Duane  Street,  Ralph  W.  Booth,  general  man- 
ager, which  are  goods  of  exceptional  excellence,  and  command  an  extensive  sale  throughout  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico.  The* 
bronze  and  decorated  lamps,  statuettes,  figures,  center  pieces,  urns  and  kindred  articles  manufactured  by  the  concern  mentioned,  are  noted 
for  their  originality  and  beauty  of  design,  artistic  workmanship  and  exquisite  finish,  being  not,  in  fact,  suri>assed  in  any  single  feature  of 
merit  by  anything  of  the  kind  to-day  on  the  market,  and  are  in  widespread  and  growing  demand  in  the  jobbing  trade.  The  works  at  New 
Brunswick  are  a  capacious  and  well  equipped  plant,  with  complete  and  excellent  facilities,  and  employment  is  there  furnished  to  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  hands.  The  quarters  occupied  as  office  and  salesroom  on  the  second  floor  of  No.  ill  Duane  Street  are  compact,  ample  and 
well  appointed,  and  several  efficient  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed,  besides  half  a  dozen  representatives  on  the  road,  while  Mr.  Booth  exer- 
cises cluse  personal  supervision  over  the  entire  business.  A  large  and  splendid  assortment  is  here  displayed,  including  magnificent  bronze 
and  decorated  lamps  in  unique  designs  and  beautiful  workmanship;  handsome  statuettes  and  clock  figures  in  quite  a  variety;  pretty  and 
novel  effects  in  candlesticks  and  sconces,  superb  table  and  piano  lamps,  elegant  center  pieces,  urns,  pitchers  and  jardinieres,  cuspidors,  seal- 
ing wax  sets,  smokers'  sets,  card  receivers,  etc.,  and  all  orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most  careful  and  expeditious  manner.  The  prices  quoted, 
are  maintauied  at  the  very  figures  consistent  with  quality  of  material  and  character  of  workmanship,  every  article  sold  being  guaranteed, 
while  all  correspondence  relating  to  goods,  terms,  etc..  receives  prompt  response.  The  New  Jersey  Lamp  and  Bronze  Works  were  started 
in  18S1,  and  the  New  York  office  was  established  about  five  years  ago.  the  present  quarters  being  occupied  since  1890.  Mr.  Booth  is  a  gentle- 
man of  middle  age  and  a  native  of  this  city,  but  resides  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  He  is  a  man  of  skill  and  energy  and  of  many  years'  expe- 
rience, and  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  business  in  its  every  feature  and  detail. 

r-r  F.  ROGERS  &  CO.,  Railway  Supplies,  Etc.,  No.  107  Liberty  Street.— The  prosperous  house  of  J.  F.  Rogers  &  Co.,  at  No.  107  Libertr 
-.  I  Street,  is  a  leading  headquarters  in  this  city  for  mill,  railway,  engineers'  and  machinists'  supplies,  and  enjoys  a  trade  practically 
v2'  I  world-wide  in  extent  and  eminently  creditable  in  character.  The  enterprise  was  inaugurated  in  1873  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Rogers,  who  has 
11*  steadily  conducted  its  affairs  with  ability,  sound  judgment  and  constantly  increasing  success.  The  salesrooms  are  spacious  in  size^ 
and  an  abundance  of  room  is  at  hand  for  supplying  the  most  extensive  demand.  The  stock  carried  embraces  iron  lathes,  planers, 
drills,  lathe  chucks,  water  gauges,  globe  angle  and  check  valves,  hose,  rubber  goods,  machinery  oils,  gauge  glasses,  cotton  waste,  and  other- 
supplies  for  factories,  railways,  mills,  mines,  etc.,  a  specialty  being  made  of  emery  goods.  Among  the  important  products  handled  by  this 
firm  as  sole  agents  are  the  Patent  Compression  Grease  Cup,  the  Lunkenheimer  Improved  Light  Feed  Lubricator,  patent  oil  cabinets  and  oil 
tanks,  improved  double  gate  straightway  valves.  Jenkiu's  patent  gauge  cocks,  the  Peerless  pressure  recording  gauge,  steam  whistles  and 
chimes,  solid  cast  steel  hammers  and  sledges,  blacksmiths'  tools,  inspirators  and  injectors,  improved  hand  pumps,  boiler  feed  pumps,  hori- 
zontal centrifugal  pumps,  double-acting  force  pumps,  Knowles'  patent  steam  pumps,  the  Deane  patent  steam  fire  pumps,  power  pipe  cutting- 
and  threading  machines,  Pickering's  patent  governors,  the  improved  Judson  governors,  steam  pipe  and  boiler  coverings,  wire  rope,  Boyn- 
ton's  improved  drills,  Weston's  differential  pulley  blocks.  Harrington's  screw  hoisting  machines,  improved  hydraulic  jacks,  Buffalo  portable 
forges,  the  "  Scientific  "  portable  forges,  emery  grinders,  foot  and  power  grindstones.  Morrill's  perfect  saw  set.  circular  saws,  gang  saws, 
machine  knives,  boring  machines,  improved  upright  drills,  centering  machines,  best  oak-tanned  leather  belting,  engineers'  oilei-s  and  oil  sets, 
and  shafting  of  every  description.  The  various  goods  represented  in  the  assortment  are  of  standard  and  reliable  quality,  selected  under  the 
experienced  eye  of  Mr.  Rogers,  and  no  similar  liouse  in  the  country  is  better  prepared  to  ministei"  to  the  public  want  in  its  line,  or  stands 
higher  in  the  estimation  of  the  trade  throughout  the  country.  The  business  is  distributed  throughout  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  a  great 
number  of  leading  manufacturers,  railway  corporations,  engineers,  miners,  machinists  and  mill  owners  make  all  their  purchases  at  this 
establishment,  being  attracted  by  the  honorable  methods  in  force,  the  superior  inducements  offered,  and  the  eminently  satisfactory  manner 
in  which  their  orders  are  filled.  A  splendid  export  trade  is  also  enjoyed  with  England,  France,  Germany,  Australia,  Mexico,  Canada,  the 
West  Indies  and  South  America,  which  is  yearly  increasing  in  strength  and  influence.  Special  attention  is  given  to  making  estimates  for 
machinery  in  mills  and  factories,  and  inducements  are  offered  in  that  direction  ^vhich  cannot  be  duplicated  by  rival  concerns.  Mr.  Rogers  is 
a  native  New  Yorker,  a  gentleman  of  ripe  experience  in  his  business,  and  worthy  of  every  confidence  and  the  largest  measure  of  success. 
He  speaks  Spanish  and  French  fluently,  having  lived  in  South  America  for  a  considerable  time,  which  aids  him  in  his  commercial  enterprises. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  133 

r-r  ULES  RACINE  &  CO.,  Successors  to  Julian  Gallet  &  Co.,  Importers  of  Watches,  No.  1  Maiden  Lane.— This  firm  have  undoubted  fitness 
-.  I  for  the  business  in  which  they  are  engaged  and  there  is  no  special  knowledge  required  to  explain  the  prosperity  and  success  which 
^  I  have  so  long  attended  its  career.  It  was  founded  over  sixty  years  ago  when  New  York  still  wore  the  ear  marks  of  provincialism  and 
(J  the  greatest  resources  of  the  country  were  as  yet  undeveloped.  Julian  Gallet,  who  established  the  business,  was  a  Swiss,  and  the 
present  proprietors  who  succeeded  him  in  1890,  are  also  from  the  land  where  fine,  durable  and  accurate  watches  have  long  been  its 
■chief  claim  to  commercial  prominence.  Mr.  Racine  has  been  in  America  for  seventeen  years,  and  his  junior  partner  Charles  Ferret,  for 
forty-five  years.  They  are  the  worthy  successors  to  a  house  that  has  long  and  deservedly  held  a  foremost  place  in  the  esteem  of  the  trade. 
The  present  firm  not  only  guarantee  to  supply  the  best  watches  upon  the  market  at  the  most  reasonable  prices,  but  are  prepared  against  all 
contingencies  in  making  good  this  assurance  by  having  a  large  and  thoroughly  equipped  factory  in  Switzerland,  where  employment  is  given 
to  eight  hundred  skilled  workmen,  and  watches  are  turnetl  out  with  special  reference  to  the  wants  of  the  trade  supplied.  Among  their  special- 
ties are  the  well-known  Lady  Racine  watches,  the  best  chatelaine  watches  in  the  market,  sold  by  all  the  leading  dealers  in  the  United  States, 
the  Jerome  Park  Horse  timer,  and  a  number  of  other  specialties.  The  business  done  by  the  house  in  this  country  is  a  very  large  one  and  the 
stock  carried,  which  includes  the  best  in  all  grades  of  watches  called  for  by  the  legitimate  trade,  is  commensurate  in  size.  The  increased 
demand  for  these  popular  goods,  especially  in  the  west,  made  an  extension  of  facilities  necessary  and  it  was  made  by  establishing  a  large 
branch  at  No.  78  Monroe  Street.  Chicago,  thus  giving  the  house  a  firm  foothold  in  the  two  greatest  cities  of  the  continent.  In  their  New  York 
offices,  which  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  the  firm  have  an  elegant  display  of  samples,  and  utilize  six  large  safes  for  the  safe  storage  of  stock. 
They  employ  fifteen  assistants  and  are  receiving  constant  accessions  to  their  trade.  Mr.  Racine  is  treasurer  of  the  Swiss  Benevolent  Society 
in  New  York,  and  both  gentlemen  stand  high  in  social  as  well  as  business  relations. 

nEW  YORK  BOTTLING  COMPANY.  No.  158,  160.  163  South  Fifth  Avenue.— The  bottling  of  ale  and  lager  beer  has  within  the  past  decade 
become  on  important  industry,  and  since  the  medicinal  value  has  received  the  endorsement  of  the  medical  profession  its  good  effects 
as  a  tonic  is  generally  acknowledged  by  the  public  and  accordingly  the  demand  for  these  specialties  is  steadily  increasing.  The 
leading  house  in  this  line  in  this  city  and  the  largest  in  the  world,  is  that  of  the  New  York  Bottling  Company,  located  at  Nos.  158 
160  and  162  South  Fifth  Avenue.  This  company  are  widely  and  deservedly  popular  as  manufacturers  of  mineral  waters  and 
bottlers  of  Rayner's  extra  ginger  ale,  extra  plain  soda.  Schlitz's  celebrated  Milwaukee  lager,  "  Ruppert's  extra,"  "  Stag  "  brand  lager  beer, 
Massey  &  Co's.  celebrated  pale  ale  and  porter  and  brown  stout,  Rayner's  "  Golden  Russet "  cider,  etc.,  etc.  The  business  was  originally 
established  in  1870,  by  Mr.  Geo.  \V.  Rayner,  and  in  February,  1890,  the  present  company  was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $175,000,  and  with 
Geo.  W.  Rayner  president  and  treasurer,  and  John  R.  Steel,  secretary.  The  business  premises  comprise  a  substantial  four-story  building 
50  X  75  feet  in  dimensions,  wMh  branches  at  No.  70  West  136th  Street  and  Nos.  3.  Sand  7  McDonougal  Street,  an  ale  cellar  at  No.  392  Hudson 
Street,  cider  cellars  at  Nos.  192  and  344  Spring  Street,  a  large  cider  mill  in  Coimecticut.  and  a  stable  at  No.  180  Thompson  Street  which 
accommodates  one  hundred  horses,  twenty-eight  teams  being  required  for  the  delivery  of  goods  and  hauling  to  and  from  depots  and 
wharves.  Rayner's  extra  ginger  ale  is  manufactured  by  the  same  process  as  the  imported  and  is  strictly  pure  and  free  from  any  deleterious 
substances.  It  is  especially  recommended  to  the  trade  and  public  by  such  eminent  houses  as  Messrs.  Park  &  Tilford.  Acker,  Merrall  &  Con- 
dit,  Thurber,  Whyland  &  Co.,  Francis  H.  Leggett  &  Co.,  E.  C.  Hazard  &  Co.,  and  others  in  New  York  and  throughout  the  United  States, 
Rayner's  celebrated  extra  plain  soda  has  now  the  preference  here  and  elsewhere  over  all  other  brands  and  is  made  under  the  supervision  of 
practical  chemists  from  perfectly  filtered  spring  wat^r  containing  all  the  natural  beneficial  properties.  It  is  superior  to  all  imported  or 
domestic  products  and  is  preferred  and  adopted  by  Delmonico,  Hoffman  House,  Hotel  Bnmswick,  Victoria  Hotel,  Astor  House,  St.  James 
Hotel,  Windsor  Hotel,  the  Buckingham,  Langham,  Gilsey  House,  Union  Club,  New  York  Club,  Calumet  Club,  Union  League  Club,  etc.,  etc. 
Special  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  this  company's  well-known  bottling  of  Schlitz's  "Milwaukee  lager,"  *' Ruppert's  extra,"  also 
"  Stag  "  brand  lager,  has  the  advantage  over  all  others  now  being  pushed  on  the  market,  as  they  have  had  fifteen  years'  experience  in  bot^ 
tling  for  export.  Rayner's  extra  sarsapanlla  is  made  from  the  pure  sarsaparilla  root,  is  uniform  in  its  manufacture,  and  is  practically  with- 
out a  rival  in  the  world.  In  fact,  all  goods  of  this  company  are  manufactured  by  practical  chemists  and  are  endorsed  by  the  highest  medical 
authorities  for  their  purity  and  excellence.  All  their  brands  are  kept  at  a  uniform  standard  and  are  never  allowed  to  deteriorate,  thus  serv- 
ing to  place  this  house  foremost  in  the  bottling  trade  of  the  world.  The  business  has  grown  at  a  rapid  ratio,  amounting  in  1880  to  $65.000» 
and  in  1890  to  $500,000.  The  goods  are  exported  to  all  quarters  of  the  globe,  and  are  always  in  demand  wherever  introduced.  Orders  by  tele- 
phone. No.  40rf  Spring,  by  telegrapli  or  mail  receive  immediate  and  careful  attention,  and  terms  and  prices  are  placed  at  the  lowest  point  of 
moderation.  Mr.  Rayner  is^  native  of  England,  and  came  to  this  city  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Yacht  GJub, 
Wa  Wa  Yanda  Club,  Orange  Club,  Hoboken  Turtle  Club,  the  F.  and  X.  M.,  and  several  other  societies,  and  an  expert  and  successful  manu- 
facturer. Mr.  Steele  is  a  native  of  New  York  state,  a  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M.,  the  K.  of  H.,  and  the  Hoboken  Turtle  Club;  while  both 
gentlemen  are  members  of  the  Bottlers'  and  Manufacturers'  Association,  and  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  success  attained. 

DUSENBURY  &  BOND.  Importers  of  Carriage  and  Sleigh  Linings.  No.  83  Leonard  Street.— In  noting  New  York's  representative,  old- 
time  business  houses  more  than  passing  mention  should  be  made  of  that  of  Dusenbury  &  Bond,  importers  of  and  wholesale  deal- 
ers in  carriage  and  sleigh  linings.  No.  83  Leonard  Street,  which  is  the  oldest  active  concern  in  the  particular  line  indicated  in  this 
city.  And  it  is  not  only  the  very  oldest  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  metropolis,  but  for  a  number  of  years  in  its  early  history 
enjoyed  a  virtual  monopoly  of  tlie  trade  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  firm  was  absolutely  without  a  competitor  in  the  country.  No 
bouse  in  the  business  to-day  in  the  United  States  has  a  higher  commercial  standing,  and  none  maintains  a  better  reputation  for  fine  goods  or 
honorable  dealing,  as  few,  if  any.  receive  a  more  substantial  measure  of  recognition.  Every  article  sold  here  is  fully  warranted,  while  the 
prices  quoted  are  always  the  very  lowest  figures  consistent  with  the  quality  thereof,  liberal  and  equitable  business  principles  invariably 
obtaining,  and  relations  once  established  with  this  veteran  and  responsible  firm  are  certain  to  lead  to  an  enduriug  connection.  Mr.  C.  C. 
Dusenbury,  the  present  senior  member,  began  this  business  in  1849  and  in  1865  associated  with  him  in  partnership  George  Ackerman,  and 
imder  the  firm  name  of  Dusenbury  &  Ackerman  it  was  thereafter  carried  on  until  1874.  when  Mr.  Ackerman  was  removed  by  death.  At  this 
period  "Mr.  Dusenbury  once  more  assumed  sole  control,  and  about  four  years  later  W.  W.  Bond  acquired  an  interest  and  in  1884  Mr.  Louis 
Dusenbury  was  admitted.  They  occupy  commodious  quarters  as  office  and  salesrooms  and  employ  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen, 
exercising  immediate  supervision  themselves  over  the  business.  The  firm,  who  import  direct  from  England,  France  and  Germany,  are  also 
agents  for  several  American  manufacturers,  and  carry  on  hand  always  a  first-class  stock  of  everything  comprehended  in  carriage  and  sleigh 
linings,  all  orders  receiving  prompt  attention.  The  founder  of  the  house,  who  is  now  somewhat  advanced  in  years,  is  a  New  Yorker  by  birth, 
■well  and  favorably  known  in  business  circles,  and  his  son  L.  Dusenbury.  who  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm  since  1884,  is  a  man  in  the 
prime  of  life,  while  Mr.  Bond  who  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  was  brought  up  in  the  house,  entering  it  when  about  twenty  years  old  and  con- 
tinuing ever  since.  He  bears  a  very  creditable  war  record,  sharing  the  checkered  fortunes  of  the  Fourteenth  New  York  Vohniteer  Infantry,  for 
three  years  during  the  late  "unpleasantness,"  and  in  active  service  in  the  battle  of  Getty.sburg.  the  Wilderness,  and  many  other  of  the  fiercest 
engagements  of  the  rebellion,  ftlr.  Dusenbury  is  a  member  of  the  Carriage  Builders'  National  Association.  Owing  to  their  greatly  enlarged 
and  increasing  trade  the  firm  found  it  necessary  to  obtain  more  ample  business  premises,  and  accordingly  moved  from  No.  11  Murray 
Street,  to  a  suitable  location.  No.  83  Leonard  Street,  about  JIarch  1.  where  they  have  much  largely  iticreased  floor  space  and  facilities. 


134  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

TfTf  cNAB  &  HARLIN  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  Brass  Coeks,  Plumbers'  Brass  Work.  Etc.,  No.  56  John 
/Vl  Street,  Factory,  Paterson,  N.  J.— Distinctly  notable  in  its  line  for  many  years,  a  prominent  place  is  in  the  nature  of  things, 
/  1  accorded  in  this  carefully  complied  resumS  of  New  York's  representative  business  houses  to  the  widely  known  concern  of  the 
-^  -*■  McNab  &  Harlin  Manufacturing  Company,  manufacturers  of  brass  cocks,  wrought  iron  pipe  and  fittings,  plumbers'  and  gas  fit- 
ters' tools,  etc.,  whose  office  and  salesroom  are  located  at  No.  50  John  Street,  with  large  factory  at  Paterson.  N.  J.  The  estab- 
lishment is  one  of  the  oldest  and  largest  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  and  its  productions  are  in  extensive  and  growing  demand  in  the  trade, 
not  only  throughout  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  Canada  and  the  British  Provinces,  but  are  exported  also  to  South  American  and  other 
ports.  The  work  turned  out  is  of  a  very  superior  character  being  surpa-ssed  in  no  feature  sought  to  be  attained  in  such  articles  by  any  on 
the  market,  while  some  of  the  devices  and  apparatus  manufactured  are  of  exceptional  merit.  The  business  ot  the  firm,  which  is  fully  com- 
mensurate with  its  name  and  standing  is  exceedingly  large,  the  total  annual  sales  reaching  a  very  handsome  figm-e,  and  the  trade  of  the 
house  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  substantial  increase.  The  business- was  established  in  1854,  and  under  the  firm  name  of  McNab  &  Har- 
lin was  conducted  up  to  1871,  when  the  concern  was  duly  incorporated  with  a  capital  stock  of  $150,000,  and  the  present  style  adopted,  the 
officers  of  the  company  being  John  H.  Harlin,  president,  John  O'Keefe,  secret;iry,  and  E.  Fifleld,  treasurer.  The  works  and  premises  in  Pat- 
erson are  very  extensive,  comprising  a  se)'ies  ot  capacious  structures,  yards,  etc.,  and  are  equipped  with  ample  steam-power,  the  latest 
improved  machinei-y  and  complete  tii-st  class  facilities  generally,  while  employment  is  furnished  to  some  three  hundred  hands.  The  quar- 
ters occupied  at  No.  56  John  Street  this  city,  are  commodious,  ample  and  well  arranged,  and  the  staff  employed  here  numbers  about 
twenty-five  all  told,  including  clerks,  salesmen,  etc.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  and  comprises  brass  cocks, 
in  every  size,  style  and  variety;  plumbei-s'  brass  work  ot  all  kinds,  globe  valves,  gauge  cocks,  steam  whistles  and  water  gauges,  wrought 
iron  pipe  and  fittings  ot  every  description,  and  a  multifarious  collection  of  plumliei-s'  and  gas  fitters'  tools  and  supplies.  All  orders  for  the 
trade  are  carefully  and  promptly  attended  to,  the  house  being  conducted  on  strict  business  principles,  while  its  management  is  character- 
ized by  energy  and  ability,  coupled  with  liberal  and  honorable  methods,  and  persons  having  deaUngs  with  this  responsible  concern  are 
assured  ot  finding  the  same  of  a  thoroughly  satisfactory  character. 

-f-^  OBERT  A.  KEASBEY,  Magnesia  Sectional  Coverings,  Etc.,  No.  58  Warren  Street.— The  magnificent  industries  and  inventions 
I  J  represented  in  New  York  include  the  celebrated  .Magnesia  Sectional  Coverings  and  Improved  C*nient  Felting  for  boilers,  steam 
I  \  pipes  and  all  heated  surfaces,  which  is  for  sale  by  Mr.  Robert  A.  Keasbey,  at  No.  58  Warren  Street.  This  covering  has  been 
-*-  V  on  tlie  market  since  ]8a5,  and  is  manufactured  in  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Keasbey  has  the  agency  for  its  sale  in  the  states  of  New 
York  and  New  Jersey,  and  carries  a  complete  stock  on  hand  at  all  times,  to  the  end  that  no  delay  may  be  experienced  in  the 
filling  of  orders.  The  Magnesia  Sectional  Coverings,  are  a  thorough  protection  against  fires  from  heated  pipes.  It  possesses  high  non- 
conducting properties,  is  perfectly  fire-proof,  and  is  warranted  to  be  as  good  and  efficient  after  five  years'  use  as  when  applied.  The 
composition  of  the  covering  is  asbestos  fibre,  6.85;  pure  carbonate  of  magnesia,  87.83;  other  mineral  matter  and  moisture,  5.33.  It  is 
neither  a  simply  fibrous  or  simply  plastic  powder,  but  a  judicious  mixture  of  both.  There  need  be  no  waste  in  using  this  covering,  as 
all  small  pieces  can  be  broken  up  and  used  as  plaster.  It  is  used  for  both  boilers,  domes,  cylinders,  flues,  tanks,  etc.,  while  a  specialty 
is  made  of  covering  marine  boilers.  Among  the  prominent  commercial  buildings,  whei'e  the  covering  has  been  successfully  used  in  this 
city,  may  be  named  the  Riuitable  Life  Insurance  building,  the  Union  Trust  building,  Wilkes  building.  Western  Union  Telegraph  build- 
ings. Royal  Insurance  building.  Western  Electric  Company,  Mutual  Life  Insurance  building.  Sun  building.  Times  building,  Astor  building. 
Metropolitan  building,  Citizens'  building,  Havemeyer's,  E.  Parmley's,  E.  J.  Kellogg's,  and  many  others.  Special  estimates  for  covering 
are  furnished  on  application,  and  corresixindence  is  solicited.  This  covering  has  been  adopted  by  the  United  States  Government,  and  is 
used  at  all  Navy  Yards,  and  upon  all  government  cruisere  built  in  recent  years.  Mr.  Keasbey  is  a  well-known  citizen  of  Brooklyn,  an 
experienced  salesman,  and  a  reliable,  responsible  business  man.  Communications  by  telephone.  No.  SVi  Nassau,  by  telegraph  or  mail 
receive  his  immediate  personal  attention,  and  the  interests  of  patrons  are  carefully  guarded  and  intelligently  promoted  in  all  cases. 

ICAL'VIN  SHAFER  COMPANY,  Limited,  Fruit  Syrups  and  Juices,  No.  86  Cortlandt  Street.— The  I.  Calvin  Shafer  Comimny,  Limited,  is 
one  of  those  old-established,  substantial  concerns  that  does  credit  to  the  city,  .^s  proprietors  and  sole  manufacturers  ot  Shafer's  fruit 
juices  and  syrups,  this  company  has  a  reputation  and  a  trade  thoroughly  national  iu  extent  and  eminently  creditable  in  character.  The 
•  business  was  founded  in  182(1,  by  Mr.  P.  Gordon,  who  was  succeeiled  by  Mr.  I.  Calvin  Shafer,  and  in  18.83  the  present  company  was 
organized  and  immediately  took  rank  with  the  strongest  and  most  succesful  of  local  enterprises.  The  business  prenjises  comprise  five 
spacious  flooi-s,  and  the  equipment  of  machinery  and  appliances  embraces  the  latest  and  best  that  can  be  procured.  The  company  manufac- 
ture a  superior  quality  ot  fruit  syrups,  fruit  juices,  fruit  brandies  and  fruit  cordials,  ot  which  they  are  sole  proprietors.  The  materials 
used  are  the  pui-est  and  best  and  with  the  processes  in  vogue,  which  are  employed  by  no  similar  concern  in  the  country,  the  full  strength, 
flavor  and  excellence  of  the  fruits  and  preserved  unimpaired.  The  reliability  and  superiority  ot  the  goods  are  so  thoroughly  understood 
and  appreciated  that  they  supplant  all  rival  productions  wherever  introduced.  Ample  capital  is  employed  in  the  business,  and  the  house 
commands  every  favorable  opportunity  for  the  purchase  of  raw  materials,  and  consequently  to  offer  unsurpassed  inducements  to  buyers.  A 
corps  of  talented  salesmen  represent  the  interests  ot  the  house  upon  the  road,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  and  careful  attention.  The 
officers  and  managers  of  the  company  are  expert  and  successful  manufacturers,  and  are  individually  and  collectively  among  the  prominent 
and  responsible  businessmen  ot  the  metropolis,  who  have  by  their  energy  and  ability  built  up  an  establishment  which  is  prepared  to  battle 
on  even  terms  virith  its  most  formidable  competitors  in  any  part  ot  the  world. 

rTi-g-USABLE  HORSE  NAIL  CO.,  Manufacturers  ot  Hot  Forged  and  Cold  Pointed  Horse  Nails  from  Highest  Grades  ot  Swedes  Iron, 

IM     Quality  Fully  Guaranteed,  The  Surest  and  Safest  Nail  to  Drive;  A.  Bussing,  President,  No.  4  Warren  Street.— The  internationally  cel- 

/l      ebrated  Ausable  Horse  Nail  Company  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  largest  concerns  of  its  kind  in  the  country,  and  has  long  main- 

J  tained  its  position  in  the  front  rank  ot  trade.    It  was  organized  in  1861,  with  a  capital  of  S'-JOO.OOO.  and  its  officers  are  as  follows,  viz.: 

A.  Bussing,  president;  Daniel  Dodge,  vice-president;  J.  R.  Romeyn,  secretary;  E.  K.  Baber,  treasurer.    The  works  of  the  company 

are  located  in  Keeseville,  New  York,  and  are  among  the  largest  and  best  equipped  in  the  country,  having  a  capacity  ot  five  to  six  tons  per 

day,  and  furnishing  constant  employment  to  2.50  hands.    This  company  ai-e  extensive  nianufacturei-s  of  hot  forged  and  cold  pointed  horse 

nails,  from  the  highest  grades  of  Swedes  iron,  quality  fully  guaranteed,  and  the  surest  and  safest  nad  to  drive.    These  nails  are  in  heavy 

and  permanent  demand  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  South  America,  Mexico,  Central  America  and  Australia,  and  have  no  superiors  in 

this  or  any  other  market,  as  regards  both  quality,  finish,  durability  and  general  excellence,  while  they  are  offered  to  customers  at  bottom 

prices.    Goods  are  promptly  shipped  to  all  points,  and  all  transactions  are  placed  on  a  thoroughly  satisfactory  and  substantial  footing.    Mr. 

Bussing,  the  president,  was  secretary  ot  the  company  from  1861  to  '81,  when  he  succeeded  Edmund  Kingsland,  who  had  been  president  since 

the  company  was  organized.    Mr.  Dodge,  the  vice-president,  is  the  inventor  of  the  forging  machines  used  by  the  company.    The  remaining 

officers  are  equally  well-known  in  in<Iustrial  and  trade  circles,  and  under  its  present  management  the  company  is  bound  to  grow  in  strength 

and  influence,  and  extend  its  operations  to  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


•135 


PLUME  &  ATWOOD  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Brass  and  Copper  Goods»  No.  18  Murray  Street.— The  attention  that  has  been 
given  in  this  country  during  recent  years  to  the  production  of  brass  and  copper  goods  has  demonstrated  that  American  genius  and 
skill  are  quite  as  suocessfulin  this  line  as  they  have  proven  in  many  others.  The  leading  exponent  of  the  trade  in  New  York  is  the 
Plume  &  Atwood  Manufacturing  Company,  whose  salesrooms  are  eligibly  located  at  No.  IS  Murray  Street.  This  company  operate 
extensive  works  at  Waterbnry  and  Thoniaston,  Conn.,  where  they  have  been  established  in  the  industry  for  a  period  of  twenty  years, 
while  their  main  salesrooms  are  located  in  New  York,  Boston  and  Chicago.  The  premises  here  occupied  comprise  three  spacious  floors,  and 
a  heavy  stock  is  constantly  carried,  to  the  end  that  no  delay  may  be  experienced  in  the  filling  of  orders.  The  Plume  &  Atwood  Manufactur- 
ing Company  are  large  manufacturers  of  sheet  and  roll  brass,  brass  and  copjier  wire,  copper  rivets  and  burs,  brass  and  iron  jack  chain,  pure 
copper  electric  wire,  brass  butt  hinges,  brass  ferrules,  brass  curtain  and  screw  rings,  brass  escutcheon  pins,  door  rail,  sleigh  bells,  furniture 
trimming?,  pins.  etc.    They  are,  without  exception,  the  largest  manufacturers  of  these  goods  in  the  United  States,  and  have  steadily  increased 


Broadway,  North  from  Post  Ofbice. 


their  connection  until  they  now  enjoy  a  trade  which  is  practically  universal,  covering  the  leading  centers  of  the  United  States,  Europe.  South 
America,  and  all  foreign  countries.  Special  attention  is  called  to  the  splendid  assortment  of  brass  and  bronze  burners  turned  out  by  this 
company,  which  embody  all  the  latest  improvements,  rendering  them  not  only  the  most  economical,  but  producing  the  most  beautiful  light, 
with  neither  smoke  nor  smell.  The  styles  include  their  P.  &  A.  Duplex  burners,  with  extinguishers;  the  American  Duplex,  Sun  Hinge.  Cli- 
max. Harvard,  Oxford,  and  others,  all  the  finest  of  their  class,  and  beautiful  specimens  of  ornate  workmanship,  especially  adapted  for  vase 
and  other  fine  lamps.  They  also  have  a  large  assortment  of  night  lamps,  in  cottage  brass,  cottage  nickel,  nutmeg,  etc.,  brass  hand  lamps, 
patent  illuminated  adjustable  shade  rings,  patent  adjustable  wire  tripods,  lartl  oil  ratchet  burner,  lard  oil  tubes  and  hoops,  lanterns,  etc. 
They  manufacture  the  largest  and  most  complete  hne  of  furniture  trimmings  made,  such  as  drop  handles,  drawer  pulls,  escntclieons  nnd 
hinge  plates;  also  a  complete  line  of  harness  trin\mings  and  harness  ornaments.  They  are  prepared  to  promptly  fill  the  largest  orders  for 
the  manufacture  of  all  description  of  small  brass  goods,  and  furnish  close  estimates  at  short  nutice.  The  trade  everywhere  will  find  their 
wants  supplied  by  this  house,  on  terms  which  no  other  concern  can  duplicate.  The  officers  of  this  representative  company  are  as  follows, 
viz.:  Lewte  J.  Atvi'ood,  president;  R.  H.  Swayze,  secretary;  David  S.  Plume,  treasurer;  all  well-known  Connecticut  men.  thoroughly  identi- 
fied with  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  that  great  industrial  commonwealth,  and  promoting  its  commerce  with  distinguished  enterprise  ai.d 
brilliant  success. 


136"  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

PEERLESS  RUBBER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  No.  15  Warren  Street.— There  is  no  substance  now  in  use  that  is  capable  of  sub- 
serving so  many  varied  purposes  of  man  as  India  rubber.  Not  only  on  waterproof  garments,  boots  and  shoes  made  of  this  mate- 
rial, but  also  a  great  number  of  vulcanized  rubber  goods,  especially  adapted  for  mechanical  purposes.  Each  year  enlarges  the 
sphere  of  its  usefulness  and  its  manufacture  is  increasing  in  enormous  proportions.  A  leading  exponent  of  the  industry  in  America 
is  the  Peerless  Rubber  Manufacturing  Company,  whose  mills  and  factories  are  located  at  New  Durham,  N.  J.,  with  an  office  at 
No.  15  Warren  Street  in  this  city.  This  company  have  a  national  reputation  as  extensive  manufacturers  of  vulcanized  rubber  goods,  rail- 
road, mill  and  contractors'  supplies;  special  steam  hose  for  car  heating;  special  steam  tank  and  washout  hose  for  railroad  use,  steel  clad 
steam  and  air  brake  hose,  and  fire,  steam,  air  brake  and  water  hose;  and  patentees  and  sole  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  Peerless  piston 
and  valve  rod  packing  and  the  Rainbow  sheet  packing.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1879,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey, 
and  is  officered  by  E.  L.  Perry,  president,  and  W.  G.  Winans,  treasurer,  witli  Cliarles  H.  Dale,  general  sales  agent.  The  factories  of  the 
company,  which  include  three  spacious  structures,  splendidly  equipped  witli  the  latest  improved  apparatus  and  machinery,  furnish  steady 
employment  to  ninety  skilled  hands  and  the  output  is  one  of  great  magnitude  and  value.  It  has  been  the  constant  and  continual  aim  of  this 
company  to  please  its  customers,  and  this,  they  beheve,  can  be  accomplished  only  by  giving  them  first-class  goods,  as  inferior  grades,  no 
matter  at  what  price  they  may  be  purchased,  invariably  give  dissatisfaction.  Their  large  facilities,  ample  capital  and  long  experience  in  the 
business  enable  this  company  to  produce  tlrst-class  goods  just  as  cheaply  as  it  is  possible  for  anybody  to  make  them,  and  while  their  prices 
may  be  higher  than  those  of  a  number  of  maimfacturers  who  make  goods  of  dirt  and  shoddy  and  rubber  substitute,  they  are  no  higher  than 
thos"^  of  other  reliable  manufacturers  who  make  goods  of  rubber  and  other  good  crude  material.  Tliat  their  goods  are  worth  the  money  they 
ask  is  proven  by  the  length  of  time  they  last  and  by  their  large  and  increasing  trade.  Their  factory  is  situated  on  the  line  of  four  large  rail- 
roads, and  they  can  ship  goods  from  there  to  all  points  in  the  country  without  transfer,  thus  enabling  them  to  secure  a  through  rate  on  the 
shipments,  which  often  means  a  large  saving  in  freight  to  the  consignee.  Their  Rainbow  sheet  packing  is  not  affected  by  steam,  heat,  oils, 
liquors,  ammonia  or  alkalies,  and  is  especially  adapted  for  very  high  pressure.  It  will  not  harden  under  any  degree  of  heat  or  blow  out 
under  the  highest  pressure,  and  will  make  an  air,  steam,  hot  or  cold  water  joint  equally  well.  It  conforms  to  rough  and  uneven  surfaces, 
making  a  perfectly  tight  joint,  retaining  its  elasticity  under  any  conditions.  Unlike  plumbago  and  usudurian,  it  will  not  harden  or  crack. 
Joints  can  be  made  and  broken  in  one-eighth  of  the  time  consumed  with  packings  that  harden,  as  a  tool  is  not  required  to  break  or  force  off 
joint.  For  driving  brake  cylinders  and  ice  machines  it  has  no  equal.  The  Peerless  piston  and  valve  rod  packing  is  for  stuffing  boxes  of 
steam-engines,  pumps,  steam  hammers,  etc.  The  real  excellence  of  this  packing  is  due  to  the  thorough  impregnation  of  soft,  loosely  woven 
duck,  with  the  finest  grade  of  tloated  plumbago,  absolutely  free  from  grit  or  acid,  and  the  smooth  and  yielding  layers  of  the  same  ingeniously 
placed  between  each  ply  of  duck,  to  its  quick  and  ready  expansion  when  hot,  to  the  impossibility  of  its  blowing  out  or  becoming  hard  under 
any  pressure  or  degree  of  heat,  to  its  inability  to  score  or  corrode  the  rod,  and  to  its  wonderful  durability.  The  essentials  of  a  perfect  fire 
hose  are  lightness,  flexibility,  durability  and  strength,  and  these  qualities  are  combined  in  the  Peerless  fire  hose  to  a  remarkable  degree,  as  is 
shown  by  the  high  esteem  in  which  it  is  held  by  the  chiefs  of  the  large  city  fire  departments  in  which  it  is  in  use,  and  by  the  length  of  time  it 
lasts  in  service.  This  hose  is  made  upon  honor  and  sold  upon  its  merit.  The  same  can  be  said  of  the  Peerless  elastic  roofing.  Peerless  pump 
valves,  Peerless  valve  discs,  Peerless  diamond  mats,  corrugated  rubber  matting,  Peerless  jacket  stock,  Peerless  patent  improved  gas  bags, 
and  other  specialties  manufactured  by  this  enterprising  company.  A  branch  salesroom  is  operated  at  Chicago,  and  agencies  are  established 
in  Philadelphia,  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati.  Cleveland,  Toledo,  Milwaukee,  San  Francisco,  St.  Paul,  Detroit,  Omaha,  Denver,  Kansas  City,  Louis- 
ville, Atlanta.  Baltimore,  New  Orleans,  Memphis,  Leavenworth,  Buffalo,  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  other  points,  and  the  goods  are  in  heavy  and 
increasing  demand  in  every  state  and  territory  in  the  union.  The  president,  Mr.  Perry,  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  rubber  trade  for  nearly  thirty  years,  is  prominent  in  commercial  and  trade  circles,  a  member  of  the  F.  and  A, 
M..  and  honored  and  esteemed  by  his  fellowmen  in  all  the  various  walks  of  life.  The  treasurer,  Mr.  Winans.  is  a  New  York  man  by  birth 
and  training,  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  of  George  Washington  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  eminently  fitted  by  experi- 
ence and  talent  for  the  responsil)le  duties  of  his  position.  Mr.  Dale,  the  sales  agent  and  general  manager  here,  is  a  native  New  Yorker, 
and  begun  work  as  a  brakemen  at  sixteen  years  of  age;  was  promoted  successively  to  the  positions  of  baggage  master,  train  master,  con- 
ductor, dispatcher,  and  finally  was  made  superintendent  of  the  New  Jersey  and  Lake  Shore  Railroad;  also  filled  the  same  position  for  a 
Georgia  Railroad  Company,  remaining  in  the  railroad  business  for  sixteen  years,  and  retiring  to  accept  his  present  position  with  this  com- 
pany. He  served  three  years  and  eight  months  in  the  war  for  the  Union,  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  the  Second  Connecticut,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M. ;  chief  of  the  order  of  Railway  Conductor's;  still  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  and  an  affable,  efficient  and  popu- 
lar business  man,  witli  whom  it  is  a  pleasure  to  deal. 

r|  r  De.  RIESTHAL  &  CO.,  Importers  of  China,  Glass  and  Lamp  Goods,  No.  55  Murray  Street.— In  a  summary  of  the  New  York  firms 
L3  of  note  contributing  to  the  svmi  of  commercial  activity  in  the  wholesale  china  and  glassware  line,  a  prominent  place  is,  in  the 
I  I  nature  of  things,  accorded  that  of  A.  De  Rieathal  &  Co.,  whose  extensive  and  attractive  establishment  is  located  at  No.  55  Murray 
/  Street,  with  an  immense  warehouse  at  No.  296  South  Street.     The  house  is  in  all  respects  a  thoroughly  representative  concern,  one 

of  the  largest,  leading  and  most  widely  known  in  the  line  indicated  in  the  metropolis,  and  maintains  an  A  1  standing  in  the  trade, 
none  better.  They  are  direct  importers  from  the  chief  centers  of  pottery  and  glassware  manufacture  in  England,  France,  Austria  and  Ger- 
many, handling  only  finest  productions,  and  their  trade,  which  extends  all  over  the  United  States  and  Canada,  is  fully  commensurate  with 
the  name  and  standing  of  the  firm.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1869  by  S.  N.  Wolfe,  who  conducted  the  same  up  to  1881, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  senior  member,  who  soon  after  admitted  into  partnership  his  son,  G.  E.  De  Riesthal,  and  under  the 
management  of  the  Messrs.  Riesthal,  it  has  since  been  continued  with  eminent  success.  They  enjoy  exceptional  facilities  for  securing  the 
newest  designs  and  most  attractive  novelties  in  imported  art  pottery,  cut  glass,  lamps  and  kindred  wares,  while  owing  to  their  particularly 
advantageous  business  connection  abroad,  they  are  enabled  to  offer  many  exclusive  lines  of  goods  at  remarkably  low  figures.  Every  article 
sold  here,  too,  is  warranted  as  to  design,  workmanship  and  material,  and  special  inducements  are  offered  to  hotel  keepers  and  dealers,  rock 
bottom  prices  being  quoted  to  tlie  trade,  and  business  relations  entered  into  with  this  popular  and  responsible  house  are  sure  to  be  found 
both  pleasant  and  profitalile.  The  business  premises  on  IMurray  Street  occupy  six  25  x  90  feet  floors,  and  the  warehouse  on  South  Street,  is  a 
ten-story  building.  40  x  100  feet  iu  dimensions,  while  some  twenty-five  of  a  staff,  all  told,  are  employed  here  in  the  city,  in  addition  to  a  num- 
ber of  representatives  on  the  road.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  of  goods  is  constantly  carried  on  hand,  the  stock,  which  is  of  a  most  com- 
prehensive and  magnificent  character,  embracing  beautiful  novelties  in  china  tea  and  dinner  sets,  superb  vases,  pitchers,  dishes  and  kindred 
articles,  exquisite  porcelains,  rich  and  delicate  Sevres  and  Dresden  ware,  elegant  hotel,  bar  and  table  glassware  in  great  variety,  handsome 
lamps  in  unique  designs  and  artistic  workmanship,  pretty  effects  in  colored  and  decorated  lamp  shades,  globes  and  fixtures,  and  a  multi- 
farious collection  of  attractive  house  furnishing  specialties,  and  all  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  above  indicated  receive  immediate  atten- 
tion Tlie  senior  membnr  of  the  fii'in  is  a  gentleman  of  fiftv-nine  and  a  native  of  France,  but  a  resident  of  this  city  many  years.  Mr.  De 
Riesthal,  the  younger,  who  is  a  man  in  flie  prime  of  life,  is  a  New  Yorker  by  birth.  Both  are  men  of  energy  and  enterprise,  thoroughly  con- 
versant with  tlie  business,  and  are  active  members  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  137 

SE.  RAUNHEIM,  Mining  Engineer,  Room  38,  No.  61  Broadway.— Few,  if,  indeed,  any  at  all,  among  the  leading  mining  engineers  in 
this  city  can  boast  of  a  more  extensive  or  more  varied  experience,  as  none  stands  higher  in  the  profession  than  S.  E.  Raunheim,  who 
has  liis  office  at  No.  fil  Broadway,  Room  3S.  He  is  a  man  of  fcxceptional  skill— an  expert  in  his  line— and  receives  a  measure  of  recugni- 
•  tion  fully  commensurate  with  the  well-deserved  reputation  he  enjoys.  His  clientele,  which  extends  throughout  the  United  States, 
Canada,  Mexico  and  South  America,  is  of  a  highly  flattering  character,  and,  unless  all  signs  fail,  his  patronage  is  bound  to  increase. 
3Ir.  Raunheim,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  full  middle  age,  but  active  and  energetic,  was  born  in  Germany,  where  he  learned  his  profession,  and 
iiasbeen  in  America  a  number  of  years,  coming  to  New  York  in  1879.  He  has  been  engaged  in  the  exercise  of  his  art  since  IKM,  is  a  thorough 
expert  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  mines,  minerals  and  kindred  elements,  being  practically  and  minutely  conversant  with  every  phase  and 
feature  connected  therewith,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  American  Institute  Mining  Engineers;  also  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
tireen  Mountain  R.  R.  &  Mining  Co.  Mr.  Raunheim  occupies  commodious  quarters  as  office,  and  has  several  competent  assistants,  giving  close 
personal  supervision  to  every  detail.  He  is  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes  of  work  in  the  line  above  indicated,  special  attention  being  given 
t'>  the  examination  of  minerals,  while  mines  are  tested  and  opened,  and  mining  lands  reported  on,  consultations  being  a  specialty. 
.Klines  and  mineral  lands  are  developed;  mining  machinery  is  designed  and  erected,  in  short,  everything  in  this  line  receives  personal  atten- 
tion; and  all  work  undertaken  by  Mr.  Raunheim.  (who  was  for  seven  years  general  mining  engineer  for  the  Montana  Copper  Co.,  and  for 
'luite  some  time  associated  in  a  professional  capacity  with  the  Butte  City  mines),  is  certain  to  be  performed  in  the  most  skillful  and  trust- 
worthy manner.  Mr.  Raunheim  has  one  of  the  finest  private  collections  of  minerals  from  Asia,  Africa  and  Australia  in  this  country,  of 
wnich  he  is  justly  prond. 

VILLIAM  H.  RICH.  Slanufactnrer  of  Umbrellas,  No.  323  Broadway.— To  few  articles  of  personal  outfit  is  there  paid  more  attention 
in  these  days  of  tasteful  attire  than  the  umbrella  and  parasol,  and,  it  may  be  added,  in  few  has  there  been  effected  such  marked 
improvements  of  late  years.  There  are  some  notably  fine  productions  of  the  character  indicated  now  manufactured  here  in  New 
York,  but  they  are  for  the  most  part  entirely  too  high  priced  for  persons  of  moderate  means.  Not  many  of  our  manufacturers 
have  succeeded  in  attaining  the  desideratum  in  the  class  of  goods  referred  to,  viz.,  the  production  of  an  article  distinctly  neat  in 
design,  stylish.  etTective  and  durable,  which  can  be  sold  at  a  moderate  figure;  but  conspicuous  among  those  who  have  '"  got  there "'  is  Wil- 
liam H.  Rich,  of  No.  323  Broadway,  between  Thomas  and  Worth  Streets.  He  manufactures  a  line  of  umbrellas  and  parasols  of  exceptional 
excellence,  in  medium  grades,  which  are  noted  for  their  beauty  of  design,  strength  in  construction,  elegance  of  finish  and  durability,  and 
command  an  extensive  sale  throughout  the  entire  country.  They  are  made  of  very  sui>erior  material,  of  strictly  first-class  workmanship, 
are  compact,  shapely  and  handsome,  and  are  in  wide-spread  and  increasing  demand  in  the  trade,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  at 
which  they  are  maintained,  being  by  universal  consent  the  neatest,  most  economical,  and,  altogether,  the  best  goods  offered  for  sale  at  the 
same  prices  to-day  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Rich,  who  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  is  a  man  of  practical 
skill  and  thorough  experience  in  this  line,  and  has  for  some  time  made  a  close  study  of  the  wants  of  the  pubUc  in  the  matter  of  umbrellas. 
He  established  himself  in  business  about  five  years  ago,  moving  from  No.  8  Bleecker  Street  to  the  present  commodious  quarters  in  1888,  and 
the  unequivocal  success  that  has  attended  the  enterprise  from  the  start  amply  attests  the  superiority  of  his  productions.  The  premises  occu. 
pied  as  factory  and  salesroom  comprise  three  spacious  floors,  with  office,  etc..  on  the  second  floor,  and  the  manufacturing  department  is 
completely  equipped  with  new  and  improved  machinery  and  general  appliances,  while  upwards  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  hands  are 
employed  in  the  concern,  the  capacity  being  about  two  thousand  pieces  per  day.  A  large  and  elegant  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in 
sT'.ek.  and  includes  umbrellas  and  parasols  in  every  size,  style,  shape  and  variety,  in  silk,  alpaca,  and  mixed  material,  with  plain,  carved, 
silver  and  gold  headed  handles;  also  a  superb  line  of  canes  and  walking  stick.s,  handsomely  mounted.  All  orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most 
prompt  and  reliable  manner,  the  proprietor  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  department,  while  the  terms  quoted  to  the  trade 
are  notably  liberal,  substantial  inducements  being  offered  to  jobbers  and  retail  dealers.  Umbrellas  and  parasols  are  made  to  order  here, 
too,  in  any  desired  style,  at  short  notice. 

HENRY  C.  ADAMS.  New  Y^ork  Agent.  Fort  Wayne  Electric  Co..  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind..  No.  115  Broadway.— The  Fort  Wayne  Electric  Co. 
of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  have  brought  the  matter  of  electric  lighting  down  to  a  plain  business  basis,  that  of  supplying  at  a  fair  profit  a 
system  of  lighting  that  is  so  simple  and  durable  as  to  be  efficient  in  the  hands  of  non-experts.  Tiieir  system  for  botli  arc  and 
incandescent  lighting  fill  all  the  requirements  of  durability  and  smiplicity,  economy  of  operation,  steadiness  and  whiteness  of  light, 
the  compara'tive  safety  of  a  low  tension  current,  and  penetration  or  carrying  power  of  light,  especially  for  out-dooi"  or  city  lighting. 
This  company  was  incorporated  in  1881,  and  is  represented  in  this  city  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Adams,  as  general  agent  for  New  York  and  New  Eng- 
land States,  with  headquarters  at  No.  115  Broadway.  This  company  are  noted  for  the  introduction  of  the  "  Slattery  "  induction  system  of 
incandescent  lighting  and  tlie  "  Wood  "  arc  light  system.  The  "  Slattery  "  long  distance  incandescent  system  is  the  invention  of  Mr.  M.  M. 
Slattery.  one  of  the  earliest  practical  workers  in  this  field  on  this  side  the  Atlantic,  who  devoted  much  time  in  working  out  and  putting  in 
practice  a  system  of  electric  lighting  in  which  inductoriums  are  used,  and  which  leaves  little  to  be  desired  in  the  perfection  of  detail,  and  in 
the  success  in  general  which  has  attended  his  practical  efforts  in  this  industry.  The  general  principle  of  this  induction  system  is  the 
employment  of  a  high  pressure  in  the  primary  or  main  line,  with  alternating  currents;  tliis  permits  of  great  economy  in  the  conductors 
conveying  the  current,  and  this  high  pressure  is  converted,  by  means  of  transformers,  or  connectors,  or  induction  coils,  as  they  are  indiffer- 
ently termed,  into  low  pressure  at  points  of  consumption,  where  lights  are  to  be  used.  Not  the  least  of  these  important  factors  in  tliis  sys- 
tem is  a  meter  for  measuring  the  energy  supplied  to  each  customer.  The  "  Wood  "'  arc  light  system  is  the  recognized  representative  of 
all  that  is  safest,  best  and  most  economical  in  the  field  of  electric  arc  lighting.  It  has  captured  the  newest  inventions  and  improvements  for 
arc  lighting,  and  the  Wood  dynamo  now  possesses  elements  of  superiority  which  cannot  be  fovmd  in  any  other.  Its  special  points  of  excel- 
lence maybe  tersely  summed  up  in  these  words:  Economy  in  power,  automatic  regulation,  steadiness  of  lights,  absence  of  hissing,  sim- 
plicity, and  low  cast  of  repairs.  The  system  affords  a  marked  contrast  to  those  of  other  companies  whose  circuits  are  as  feeble  and  short 
lived  as  those  of  the  ninth  about  the  candle.  This  system  is  in  use  by  the  Manhattan  Electric  Light  Co.  of  this  city;  the  Merchants  Electric 
Light  Co.,  the  Branlcford  Avenue  Electric  Light  Co.,  and  the  Quaker  City  Electric  Light  Co.,  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  the  Citizens'  Electric  Light- 
ing and  Power  Co,,  and  the  South  Side  Electric  Co..  Chicago.  111.;  the  Cincinnati  Electric  Light  Co..  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  the  Municipal  Elec- 
tric Lighting  and  Power  Co..  St  Louis,  Mo.;  the  Electric  Improvement  Co..  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  the  Louisiana  Electric  Light  Co.,  New 
Orleans,  La.;  American  Electric  Light  Co..  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Detroit  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co..  Detroit,  Mich.;  Utica  Electric  Light 
Co..  Utica.  N.  Y.;  Complete  Electric  Construction  Co.,  Coney  Island.  N.  Y.;  Ilion  and  Mohawk  Gas  Light  Co.,  Ilion.  N.  Y. ;  Penn  Yan  Elec- 
tric Co.,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y'. ;  Ogdensbnrg  Gas  Light  Co.,  Ogdensburg.  N.  Y. ;  and  hundreds  of  others  all  through  the  United  States  and  in 
every  part  of  the  civilised  world.  Branch  offices  are  operated  in  Chicago.  Philadelphia.  Detroit.  San  Francisco,  New  Orleans.  Pittsburg; 
and  in  Mexico  City,  Toronto  and  Havana.  The  company  is  the  second  largest  in  existence,  and  has  developed  its  latent  resources  with 
marked  rapidity,  yet  solely  on  the  basis  of  demand  and  supply.  Mr.  R.  T.  McDonald,  the  treasurer  and  general  manager,  Avith  headquarters 
at  Fort  Wayne,  Ind..  is  noted  for  bis  prompt  and  equitable  methods  and  sterling  integrity.  The  Fort  Wayne  Electric  Co.  has  so  rapidly 
eclipsed  its  competitors  as  to  satisfy  the  most  skeptical  that  it  is  destined  to  attain  the  greatest  success  of  the  age  in  its  vast  and  fertile  field 
of  usefulness. 


138  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

BENEDICT  BROTHERS,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Diamonds  and  Watches,  Jewelry,  Silverware,  Benedict  Building,  No.  171  Broadway. 
—One  of  the  honored  business  landmarks  of  the  zneU-opolis,  surrounded  by  pleasant  historic  associations,  is  the  establishment  of 
Messi-s.  Benedict  Brothers,  the  well-known  importers  and  dealers  iu  diamonds,  watches,  etc..  in  Benedict  building;,  corner  of  Broad- 
way and  Cortlandt  Stieet.  This  house  is  probably  the  oldest  in  its  line  of  business  in  America,  while  it  is  also  the  leader  of  the  fine 
diamond  trade  in  tlie  American  metropolis.  It  was  founded  in  18::il  by  Samuel  W.  Benedict,  and  has  occupied  the  present  site  since 
18G2.  Tlie  building  is  six  stories  high,  (iO  x  106  feet  iu  dimensions,  built  of  iron,  and  architecturally  a  great  ornament  to  the  city.  The  main 
salesroom  of  the  firm,  on  the  ground  floor,  is  a  model  of  elegance,  taste  and  beauty.  Its  rich  and  novel  decorations,  handsome  fixtures  and 
charming  distribution  of  goods  present  a  claim  for  elegance  and  finish  unequalled  in  the  city.  The  entire  southerly  and  westerly  sides  have 
been  miirored  from  tloor  to  ceiling  with  one  unbroken  sheet  of  glass.  There  is  no  molding  at  the  the  top,  but  the  glass  is  let  into  the  ceil- 
ing, which  is  an  experiment  never  before  attempted.  The  ceihng  is  decorated  with  a  quarter  of  an  entire  pattern  of  elaborately  designed 
paper— the  work  of  Fr.  Beck  &  Co.— so  that  no  matter  in  what  direction  you  may  be  looking  the  elTect  produced  is  that  of  the  pattern  in  its 
entirety.  The  wainseoting  and  floors  are  of  marble  in  different  colors,  and  the  lighting,  heating  and  ventilating  are  of  the  most  approved 
character.  The  Messrs.  Benedict  are  connoisseurs  autl  experts  of  celebrity,  and  as  extensive  importei-s  of  diamonds,  watches  and  jewelry, 
they  are  recognized  as  authority  in  all  the  details  and  intricacies  of  the  business.  In  gems  and  stones  of  worth,  in  which  this  house  may  be 
said  to  be  second  to  none  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  the  selections  here  displayed  are  among  the  largest  and  choicest  to  be  found  in  the  city. 
Diamond  and  emerald,  ruby  and  beryl,  opal  and  pearl,  said  and  peridot,  jacinth  and  spinel,  topaz  and  turquoise,  sapphires  and  cameos,  in- 
taglios and  sardonyx,  agates  and  crocidolite,  rock  crystal  and  amethyst— all  these  and  more  "  captain  jewels  in  the  carcanet  ''  are  fittingly 
represented.  Here  are  displayed  diamonds  in  all  conceivable  shapes,  of  unequalled  whitness  and  clearness,  and  of  absolute  faultlessness, 
"  gems  of  purest  ray  serene,"  riviere  solitaire,  cluster  and  pendant,  panache  and  aigrette,  necklace  and  bracelet,  chains,  rings  and  chatelaine 
— in  fact,  every  article  esteemed  for  its  genuineness  and  suitable  for  pei'sonal  adornineut  here  greets  the  eye  and  delights  the  senses.  Only 
the  finest  an<l  most  reliable  goods  in  this  line  are  handled,  while  the  matching,  cutting  and  mounting  of  stones  find  here  the  most  expert  and 
accomplished  exemplars.  The  department  devoted  to  watches  includes  hundreds  of  the  finest  imported  and  domestic  movements  in  all  de- 
sirable casings,  ranging  from  the  lowest  price  at  which  a  reliable  watch  can  be  made  up  to  the  most  expensive  chronometers  and  repeaters 
made.  The  styles  iuclude  massive  cases  and  smaller  sizes,  plain,  etched,  chased  and  decorated  m  scores  of  original  designs,  while  those  from 
abroad  bear  Uie  name  of  this  firm,  being  manufactured  expressly  for  their  trade.  In  silverware  the  stock  is  equally  extensive  and  attractive. 
Their  solid  silver  sets  are  in  great  demand  by  our  wealthiest  people,  being  manufactui'edfriuu  the  British  standard  of  fineness,  of  highly  artistic 
and  most  elaborate  chasing  designs,  carving  and  general  finish.  The  constant  aim  and  ambition  of  the  Messre.  Benedict  is  the  selection  and 
purchase  of  articles  of  novelty,  beauty  and  merit;  and  their  trade  is  very  large  and  influential  with  the  elite  of  the  city  and  with  the  most  critical 
and  discriminating  of  buyers  here  and  elsewhere.  The  firm  of  Benedict  Brothers  is  composed  of  Messrs.  Read,  Edwin  P.,  and  Frederick  P.  Bene- 
dict, all  sons  of  the  fomider  of  the  house,  and  thoroughly  trained  in  the  jewelers'  art  from  their  early  youth.  The  cashier  and  treasurer  of  the 
house  is  Mr.  Mulford  D.  Simonson,  long  connected  with  the  house  in  a  position  of  trust,  while  the  watch  reiMiiring  department,  a  noted  feature 
of  the  house,  is  under  the  efficient  management  of  Professor  B.  H.  Buell,  of  Croshen,  England.  The  co-partners  devote  pereonal  attention  and 
direction  to  every  part  of  their  inuueuse  business  which  is  still  developing  at  a  rapid  ratio,  and  includes  fai'-reachiug  connections  with  valued 
customers  in  all  sections  of  the  United  States,  people  of  refined  tastes  and  sound  judgment,  who  have  leiirned  by  experience  that  nowhere 
else  can  selections  l>e  made  from  such  a  comprehensive  and  valuable  stock  as  that  of  Messre.  Benedict  Brothers,  to  which  the  art  and  skill 
of  every  land  have  been  laid  under  contribution,  while  the  house  stands  forth  the  great  modern  exponent  of  the  watch  and  diamond  trade  in 
America. 

I"^  OBERT  T.  BROWN  &  CO.,  General  Contractors,  Room  723,  Temple  Court,  No.  5  Beekman  Street.- Probably  the  best  known  general  con- 
n^  tractors  in  this  city  are  Messrs.  R.  T.  Brown  &  Co.,  whose  offices  are  located  in  Temple  Court,  No.  5  Beekman  Street.  This  firm  make  a 
I  Y  specialty  of  fire-proof  wire  lathing,  and  are  agents  for  the  N^ew  Jersey  Wire  Cloth  Company  of  Trenton,  N.  J.  This  company  are  manu- 
"^  V  facturers  of  patent  stiffened  wire  fire-proof  lathing,  which  has  every  good  point  in  any  system  of  wire  lathing  and  several  found  in  no 
other.  To  tliose  accustomed  to  the  use  of  wood  lath,  a  few  facts  in  relation  to  this  lathing  will  be  of  interest.  In  the  first  place  it 
affords  protection  against  fire,  which  wood  lath  does  not.  It  is  but  little  more  expensive  than  wood  lath,  while  the  increased  cost  of  material 
is  nearly  counter-balanced  by  decreased  cost  of  application  arising  from  doing  away  with  furriug-strips.  It  can  be  applietl  by  any  ordinary 
mechanic,  which  makes  it  adapted  for  use  in  small  towns  and  on  country  residences.  The  stiffening  bars  tie  the  joists  together,  giving  rigid- 
ity to  the  whole  in  the  same  manner  as  wood  lath,  an  advantage  possessed  by  no  other  wire  lathing.  In  buildings  where  it  is  not  used 
throughout,  it  can  be  applied  to  those  parts  of  partition  walls  in  front  of  hot  air  pipes  and  in  the  vicinity  of  flues,  thus  securing  protection  in 
the  most  dangerous  places.  By  giving  a  lower  rate  it  also  makes  an  annual  saving  on  insurance.  Its  advantages  over  any  other  wire  lathing 
include  the  fact  that  it  is  cheaper  by  more  than  the  cost  of  the  furring;  it  is  more  easily  and  rapidly  applied,  it  requires  a  smaller  number  of 
fastenings  to  the  square  yard,  and  the^se  are  nails,  and  not  the  more  expensive  and  less  convenient  staple,  it  can  be  applied  directly  to  brick 
walls  and  yet  have  sufficient  air  space  to  prevent  dampness,  while  its  fire-proof  qualities  have  been  demonstrated  in  three  public  tests.  It 
has  been  a  matter  of  deep  study  among  scientific  men  to  make  churches,  halls  and  theaters  fire-proof  without  injuring  the  acoustic  proper- 
ties of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  proven  by  experience  that  wire  lath  is  the  best  surface  for  sound,  as  where  used  the  mortar  is  more  com- 
pact than  in  the  case  of  wood  or  other  latliing.  One  wood  lath  occupies  a  space  in  the  mortar  H"  wide  by  4'  long,  the  same  amount  of  wire 
before  woven  would  weave  12"  wide  and  4'  long— these  figures  show  that  there  is  no  space  in  the  mortar  where  the  sound  would  penetrate. 
Among  a  few  of  the  prominent  buildings  in  which  this  construction  has  been  used  the  following  are  given:  New  York  Music  Hall,  The 
Garden  Theater,  Music  Hall  and  Supper  Room  of  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  the  addition  to  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  the 
"Star"  Theater.  Buffalo,  (one  of  the  best  arranged  in  the  United  States)  Bleecker  Hall,  Albany,  Grand  Opera  House,  Boston.  Broadway 
Theater,  N<^rwich,  Conn.,  Dr.  Miner's  Church,  Boston,  and  hundreds  of  otifice  buildings,  residences  and  factories  tiiroughout  the  country,  and 
most  of  the  leading  fii-e  proof  structures  in  this  city.  Estimates  and  plans  are  i  heerfully  furnished  and  a  point  is  made  of  filling  all  contracts 
at  the  time  agreed  upon  and  in  accordance  with  the  terms.  This  firm  also  represent  the  O'Donnell  &  Barrett  Elevator  Company,  manufac- 
turers of  hydraulic,  steam,  belt  and  hand-power  passenger  and  freight  elevators;  hoisting  machinery  and  power  transmission  of  every 
description.  Their  hydraulic  passenger  elevator  possesses  many  advantages  over  any  of  the  other  systems.  It  is  noiseless,  no  disagreeable 
jarring  or  rumbling  of  gears  is  transmitted  to  the  elevator  car.  It  rides  smoothly  and  is  always  ready  to  operate.  Less  repairs  are  neces- 
sary, simply  because  the  hydraulic  engine  is  slow  in  its  movements  and  not  so  much  complicated  machinery  to  get  out  of  order  as  in  other 
systems.  Special  attention  should  also  be  directed  to  the  way  in  which  their  passenger  elevator  stops  and  starts;  not  the  slightest  jar  or 
rebound  is  felt  in  the  car  in  stopping  or  starting.  This  is  due  to  the  peculiar  construction  of  their  operating  valve,  which  is  their  own  inven- 
tion and  is  used  on  no  other  elevator.  With  this  elevator  no  damage  can  be  done  by  car  going  too  high  at  top  of  house,  as  they  use  n 
device  which  shuts  off  the  initial  pressure  immediately  after  car  reaches  top  landing.  Mr.  Brown,  the  active  member  of  the  firm  is  a  Massa- 
chusetts man  by  birth  and  training,  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  a  member  of  the  Builders'  Exchange,  and  an  experienced,  reliable  and  accom- 
plished business  man. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


139 


ROCHESTER  LAMP  COMPANY,  No.  42  Park  Place  and  No.  37  Barclay  Street. -The  grandest  achievement  in  the  manufacture  of 
lamps  IS  the  perfection  and  introduction  to  the  public  of  the  celebrated  Rochester  lamp,  which  has  no  equal  for  brilliancy,  economy 
and  artistic  effects.  It  is  manufactured  by  the  Rochester  Lamp  Company,  who  have  the  largest  wholesiile  and  retail  lamp  store  in 
the  world  at  No.  43  Park  Place,  running  through  the  block  to  No.  .37  Barclay  Street.  Founded  in  a  modest  and  unpretentious  war. 
but  on  the  substantial  basis  of  merit,  the  business  here  conducted  has  had  a  remarkable  growth,  and  is  one  of  the  best  illustrations 
of  industrial  progress  in  the  country.  The  founder  of  the  business,  Mr.  Charles  S.  Upton,  met  with  many  discouragements  in  starting  his 
enterprise  here,  in  the  year  ISfW,  but,  in  the  language  of  President  Lincoln,  he  kept  -  pegging  away,"  lengthening  and  strengthening  his 
stakes,  extending  his  commercial  relations,  enlarging  his  premises,  increasing  his  facilities  for  production,  advertising  his  wares  judiciously, 
and  expanding  his  popularity  with  all  classes  of  people,  until  he  has  reached  a  pre-eminence  in  his  line  of  business,  of  whicli  he  has  evei-y 


reason  to  be  proud.  The  fame  of  the  Rochester  lamp  has  now  spread  throughout  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  No  city  so  densely  popu- 
lated, no  island  so  remot-e  that  the  light  of  that  lamp  is  not  seen  and  admired  therein.  The  present  company  was  organized  in  18S4.  and  its 
executive  officers  are  Charles  S.  Upton,  president  and  treasurer;  John  IL  Brigham,  vice-president;  Matthew  W.  Hawes,  secretary.  Four 
large  factories  are  operated  in  this  city,  giving  employment  to  2700  bands,  while  branch  houses  are  established  in  Chicago,  Paris  and  Lr-iidon. 
The  New  York  store  comprises  an  entire  five-story  building,  35x800  feet  in  dimensions,  in  which  the  display  of  lamps  is  lieyond  desci-iplinn. 
The  business  transacted  here  forms  an  important  factor  in  the  mercantile  activity  of  this  great  metropolis,  requiring  the  services  of  forty- 
two  assistants,  while  a  corps  of  a  large  number  of  talented  salesmen  are  employed  upon  the  road.  Orders  now  come  from  all  parts  of  the 
globe.  New  designs,  new  styles,  and  every  conceivable  demand  for  a  lamp  is  promptly  met.  while  all  have  the  same  incomparable  l)inner. 
This  burner  was  the  invention  of  Leonard  Henkle.  of  Rochester.  N.  Y.,  who  conceived  the  idea  of  forming  a  cap  or  thimble,  and  putting  it 
over  the  top  of  the  central  draft-tube,  and  filling  its  <ides  all  around  with  small  holes  like  a  pepper-box  cover,  and  letting  the  air  come  up 
the  tube  and  pass  to  the  flame  through  all  those  small  holes.  The  results  were  wonderful,  and  are  now  known  to  all  the  world.  High  or  low, 
there  is  no  smoke,  but  a  light  really  wonderful  in  its  brdliant  purity  and  volume.  Among  other  good  points  of  "  the  Rochester  "  may  lie 
named  its  being  all  metal,  high  grade  and  hard  rolled,  and  therefore  cannot  break;  the  heat  being  circular,  the  exjiansion  of  the  chimney  is 
equal  all  around;  the  air  is  superheated  in  the  thimble,  thus  causing  a  perfect  combustion;  every  part  of  the  flame  is  supplied  with  these 
jets  of  hot  air,  and  there  is  not  a  particle  of  smoke  nor  odor,  every  atom  of  carbon  is  consumed,  and  helps  to  make  light;  the  perforated 
thimble  slips  over  the  outside  of  the  tube,  known  as  the  patent  over-cone,  thus  preventing  all  leakage  or  syphoning  out  of  oil;  the  improved 
wire  wick  lift  is  perfect,  no  screws  or  ratchets  to  get  out  of  order,  and  the  light  can  be  instantly  extinguished,  which  is  not  the  case  with  the 
screw  lift;  burns  any  kind  of  oil,  and  all  parts  are  interchangeable.    From  one  lamp  seven  years  ago,  there  are  now  two  thousand  dilTerent 


140  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

designs  and  varieties,  many  of  them  most  artistic,  and  some  single  ones  costing  $1000.  Upwards  of  two  million  are  now  in  use,  and  over  half 
a,  million  are  sold  every  year.  These  facts  speak  for  themselves.  Mr.  Upton,  the  moving  spirit  of.  this  colossal  enterprise,  is  still  in  the 
early  prime  of  life,  president  of  several  other  industrial  concerns,  including  the  Magic  Introduction  Company,  the  Billings  Pipe  Binder  Man-' 
ut'acturing  Company,  the  Henkle  Incandescent  Gas  Burner  Company,  and  the  Niagara  Gas  Burner  and  Oil  Company,  and  is  a  gentleman  of 
iierve,  pluck  and  public  spirit,  who  has  learned  the  value  of  printers'  ink,  and  who  has  won  success  by  honestly  deserving  it. 

CHARLES  H.  HASWELL,  Civil,  Marine  and  Consulting  Engineer  and  City  Surveyor,  Offlce,  No.  42  Broadway.— The  profession  of  civil 
engineer  and  city  surveyor  is  one  of  great  responsibility,  requiring  the  highest  order  of  ability,  coupled  with  long  practical  experi- 
ence. These  essentials  are  possessed  in  the  most  gratifying  degree  by  Mr.  Charles  H.  Haswell,  the  oldest  and  best-known  exponent  of 
the  profession  in  the  metropolis,  whose  oflice  is  eUgibly  located  at  No.  42  Broadway.  This  gentleman  is  eminent  as  a  civil,  marine 
and  consulting  engineer  and  city  surveyor,  and  has  been  engaged  therein  since  1828.  In  the  year  named  he  started  as  an  apprentice  to 
manufacture  steam  engines  with  Jas.  P.  Allaire,  New  York.  In  1836  he  entered  the  United  States  Navy  as  chief  engineer  and  during  his  service 
in  that  capacity  he  built  ten  men-of-war  vessels.  In  1851  he  retired  from  the  navy,  and  the  following  year  built  five  merchant  steamers.  He 
now  gives  his  attention  to  designs  and  specifications  of  steamers,  engines  and  boilers,  the  superintendence  of  construetion  and  setting  of  boil, 
ers  for  elevators,  steam  heating,  etc. ;  rock  and  earthwork,  and  capacity  of  floors  of  stores,  etc..  are  computed  and  the  foundations  of  masonry 
or  piling  are  designed  and  superintended.  Mr.  Haswell  built  the  crib  bulkhead  at  Hart's  Island  one  half  mile  in  length,  laid  out  the  surveys  of 
the  Produce  Exchange,  Field's.  Wells'  Standard  Oil,  New  Jersey  Central  Building  and  other  city  structures,  and  is  also  a  trustee  of  the 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge  and  is  doing  much  important  work  over  New  YorK  and  New  England.  The  fidelity  and  accuracy  manifested 
by  him  were  early  recognized  and  he  has  been  entrusted  with  some  of  the  most  important  corporation  and  private  work  that  has  been  done 
in  this  city  during  the  past  forty  years.  His  record  in  all  departments  of  his  profession  is  one  of  which  he  may  well  be  proud,  and  he  has 
hosts  of  friends  and  patrons  throughout  the  country  who  join  with  us  in  congratulating  him  upon  a  long  life  well  spent  and  in  wishing  him 
many  years  of  health  and  usefulness  to  come.  Mr.  Haswell  was  born  in  this  city  in  1809,  and  is  conceded  to  be  the  oldest  engineer  and  sur- 
veyor in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Civil  Engineers'  Societies  of  New  Y'ork.  Boston  and 
Philadelphia,  the  Institutes  of  Civil  Engineers  and  Naval  Architecture  of  Great  Britain,  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  the  Meteoro- 
logical and  the  Microscopical  Societies,  and  is  honored  and  esteemed  in  both  professional,  industrial  and  social  life. 

T^  OBERT  MAYER  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Lithographic  Printing  Inks  and  Varnishes,  Etc.,  No.  50  Barclay  Street.— Underlying  the 
l^r  lithographic  art,  and  indispensable  to  its  higher  attainments,  is  the  manufacture  of  really  superior  inks  and  varnishes.  One 
fl\  of  the  largest  and  oldest  firms  in  the  city  devoting  its  energies  to  the  manufacture  of  these  goods,  and  assuredly  one  whose  efforts 
-*-  \  have  far  excelled  those  of  the  ordinaiy  run  of  manufacturers  in  this  line  is  that  of  Robert  Mayer  <&  Co.  It  was  established  in  1855 
at  No.  169  Broadway.  In  its  present  location  ic  has  two  floors,  each  with  a  measurement  of  25  x  100  feet,  as  salesrooms 
and  warehouses,  and  carries  a  large  stock  of  lithographic  stones  and  materials  of  every  description  used  in  the  trade,  importing 
them  from  Europe  direct.  It  need  scarcely  be  said  that  it  also  carries  a  large  stock  of  lithograpliic  inks  and  varnishes  of  every 
shade,  hue  and  tint,  these  being  goods  of  its  own  manufacture.  The  firm's  factory  is  at  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  and  is  a  handsome  detached 
brick  building  of  great  spaciousness,  constructed  in  every  respect  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  business  there  carried  on,  its  two  tall 
chimney  shafts  of  themselves  suggesting  something  of  the  extent  of  the  operations  within.  Internally  the  arrangements,  facilities  and 
equipments  provided  are  most  thorough  and  complete,  steam-power  being  used  to  drive  the  machinery  employed  in  grinding  the  pigments 
and  in  the  other  processes  of  the  trade.  The  firm's  dealings  are  wholesale,  and  extend  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada,  a  number 
of  traveling  salesmen  being  employed  to  represent  the  house  upon  the  road.  A  little  army  corps  of  emploj-ees  are  engaged  at  the  factory 
and  a  staff  of  from  eight  to  ten  clerks  at  the  salesrooms,  a  great  point  being  matle  at  Barclay  Street  of  the  prompt  filling  of  orders.  Mr.  R. 
Mayer,  the  founder  of  the  hou'^e,  recently  deceased,  was  a  native  of  Germany,  while  Messrs.  L.  V.  Heugstler  and  Jos.  A.  Kepp,  the  surviving 
partners  and  present  proprietors,  were  born  in  New  Y'ork. 

'"^  C.  McCARTY*  &  CO..  Hardware  !\Ianufacturers  and  Manufacturers'  Agents,  No.  97  Chambers  and  No.  81  Reade  Streets.— A  large, 
-^  I  important  and  widely  known  business  establishment  of  New  Y'ork  would  be  overlooked,  were  the  leading  house  of  J.  C.  JlcCarty  & 
v^  I  Co.  omitted  from  this  review  of  her  important  commercial  interests.  It  is  located  at  No.  97  Cliambers  and  No.  81  Reade  Streets,  the 
IB*  entrance  being  on  Chambers  Street.  The  firm  is  composed  of  John  C.  McCarty.  Wm.  H.  Littell.  and  T.  P.  Burke,  all  residents  of  New 
Y'ork,  and  all  live,  wide  awake,  energetic,  square  dealing  merchants,  whose  names  are  properly  classed  with  those  of  New  Y'ork's 
best  business  men.  Their  house  was  established  way  back  in  IS-'iR,  and  soon  attained  a  standing  which  assured  steady,  permanent  and  con- 
stantly increasing  growth,  a  fact  which  time  has  happily  verified.  The  extent  of  business  done  by  such  a  house  can  well  be  estimated  by  the 
stock  carried,  the  amount  of  help  required  in  carrying  it  on,  the  manufacturing  facilities  provided,  and  the  character  as  well  as  the  number 
of  agencies  established.  J.  C.  McCarty  &  Co.  have  a  large  force  of  assistants,  active,  energetic  and  comi)etent  men.  They  have  six  wide 
awake  traveling  men  representing  their  house  in  the  United  States,  and  caring  for  the  trade  of  many  of  lier  leading  dealers.  In  addition, 
they  do  a  large  export  business,  principally  to  the  countries  of  South  and  Central  America.  They  have  a  factory  at  Vergennes,  Vt..  covering 
a  block  of  3i)0  x  l.iO  feet,  equipped  with  the  finest  machinery  obtainable,  and  managed  with  that  consummate  skill  and  thorough  regard  for 
system  which  insure  the  best  results.  The  material  used,  and  the  work  produced  are  the  best,  and  the  fact  of  their  coming  from  this 
factory  is  a  guarantee  that  everything  claimed  for  them  is  correct.  The  immense  business  done,  and  the  popularity  of  tlie  house,  are 
the  best  evidences  that  its  goods  are  right,  and  that  its  prices  are  the  lowest  consistent  with  the  actual  cost  of  production.  The  commanding 
position  of  the  house  still  further  appears  in  the  fact  that  it  has  this  extended  and  important  list  of  agencies:  Lewis  &  Babcock  Manufac- 
turing Company,  hoes,  forks,  rakes,  etc.;  Coe's  Wrench  Company,  genuine  knife,  handle,  and  mechanics'  screw  wrenches;  Champlain 
forged  horse  nails;  Pennsylvania.  Continental.  Keystone  and  Quaker  City  lawn  mowers;  A.  E.  Deitz,  fine  locks  and  night  latches;  Entei-prise 
?[anufaeturing  Company,  of  Pennsylvania,  sad  irons,  coffee  mills,  choppers,  etc.;  H.  P.  Nail  Company,  wire  nails  and  brads,  rods  and  annealed 
wire;  North  Indianapolis  Cradle  "Works,  grain  cradles  and  scythe  snaths;  Cincinnati  Barbed  Wire  Fence  Company,  Viarbed  wire,  staples, 
etc.,  plain  and  annealed  fence  wire;  Spring  Curry  Comb  Company,  japanned,  blued  and  nickled  combs;  Self  Acting  Bell  Company,  com- 
bined push  and  pull  door  bells;  Rhode  Island  Horse  Shoe  Company,  Perkins'  horse,  mule  and  snow  slices,  and  toe  calks;  Foos  Manufac- 
turing Company,  portable  forges,  blowers  and  drills;  Hosier  Handle  Company,  axe,  pick,  sledge  and  liammer  handlns;  Essex  Horse  Nail  Com- 
pany. Essex.  Saranac.  Lyra  and  Snowden  nails;  Whitehead  Bros.  Rubber  Company,  rubber  and  belting,  packing  and  hose;  Perkins'  Lock 
Manufacturing  Comiiany.  rim  and  mortise  locks,  builders'  bronze  hardware;  Toledo  Block  Works,  rope  and  iron  bound  tackle  blocks;  Ten 
Eyck  Edge  Tool  Company,  axes,  hatchets,  adze  of  all  kinds;  Fisher  &  Norris,  Eagle  anvils  and  chain  vises;  Wall  Manufacturing  Company, 
hand  house,  gong,  sleigh  and  horse-car  bells;  Samson  Jack,  carriage  and  wagon  jacks;  Pope's  farriers'  knives  and  blades;  Leopold  saw  sets, 
wrought  ffoods.  and  Arcade  Manufacturing  Company,  fine  hox  and  side  coffee  mills.  Such  a  list  of  manufacturers  speaks  for  itself,  and  at 
the  same  time  for  the  house  of  J.  C.  ^IcCarty  &  Co.,  who  represent  them.  In  their  specialty  of  horse  nails,  they  are  unsurpassed,  and  in 
<""^ry  department  are  in  the  front  rank. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  m 

NEW  YORK  GAS  FIXTURE  CO..  Manufacturers  of  Artistic  Gas  Fixtures,  No.  20  Warren  Street.  Factory,  No.  478  and  480  Pearl 
Street.— The  history  of  the  progress  and  developmeut  of  tlie  arts  and  manufactures  in  tlie  United  States  presents  few  parallels  to 
the  notable  advance  made  in  brass  and  bronze  work  in  this  country  within  a  decade  or  two.  Most  of  the  recent  achievements  in 
the  metals  indicated  are  distinctly  artistic;  and  these  remarks  apply  in  an  especial  manner  to  gas  H-vtures,  the  productions  of  some 
of  our  leading  manufactui-es  in  this  line  being  certainly  a  triumpli  of  skill.  And  while  on  the  subject  under  review,  it  may  not 
appear  indivious  to  single  out  for  special  complimentary  mention  here  the  New  York  Gas  FLxture  Co.,  whose  ofHue  and  salesroom  are  located 
at  No.  80  Warren  Street,  with  factory  at  No.  478  and  480  Pearl  Street,  who  turn  out  a  class  of  work  of  exceptional  excellence,  none  beltel-  in 
the  city.  They  manufacture  chandeliers,  electrolieres  aud  artistic  gas  fixtures  of  every  description,  in  a  great  variety  of  exquisite  designs 
and  superb  workmanship,  and  their  productions  command  an  extensive  sale.  The  articles  made  by  this  concern  are  noted  for  general  superi- 
ority, being  not  surpassed  in  any  feature  of  meftt  by  anything  of  the  kind  on  the  market,  and  are  in  wide  and  growing  demand  in  the  trade 
throughout  the  Eastern  and  Middle  states.  Tiie  New  York  Gas  Fixture  Co..  of  which  W.  H.  Haydu  .Miller  is  president  and  treasurer.  Jacob. 
Zahn.  vice-president,  and  Henry  O.  Schmidt,  secretary,  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  this  state  with  a  capital  of  SUO.OUO,  some 
three  yeai-s  ago,  when  they  purchased  the  gas  fixture  department  of  the  Ansonia  Brass  and  Copper  Co.,  and  the  signal  success  that 
has  attended  the  enterprise  from  its  inception  abundantly  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  to  say  nothing  of  the  charac- 
ter of  the  productions.  The  factory  of  the  company  on  Pearl  Street  occupies  two  spacious  floors,  and  is  completely  equipped  with  all 
the  latest  improved  machinery,  tools  and  appurtenances,  and  thirty  expert  hands  are  employed,  the  facilities  being  of  a  very  superior 
character.  The  quarters  occupied  on  the  secoud  floor,  No.  20  Warren  Street  are  commodious,  neatly  appointed  and  well  arranged,  and 
an  exceedingly  fine  assortment  is  here  displayed,  the  stock  which  is  at  once  large,  rich  and  elegant,  including  everything  comprehended 
in  artistic  gas  fixtures  and  kindred  articles.  The  prices  quoted  are  the  very  lowest  figures,  compatible  with  ijuality  of  material  and 
character  of  workmanship,  the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade,  while  all  orders  are  executed  in  the  most  expedi- 
tious and  trustworthy  manner.  Mr.  W.  H.  Haydn  Miller,  the  president  of  the  company,  was  formerly  manager  of  the  Gas  Fixture 
department  of  the  Ansonia  Brass  and  Copper  Co.,  prior  to  which  he  was  with  Mitchell,  Vance  &  Co.,  .Mr.  Schmidt,  the  secretary,  had 
long  been  an  expert  designer  for  the  .\nsoiiia  Brass  and  Copper  Co.,  and  .Mr.  Zahn,  the  vice-president,  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Zahn  &  Bowly,  glass  bevelers  and  mirror  manufacturei-s,  on  Pearl  Street. 

THE  BOSS  CO.MP.\NY,  Importers,  .Manufacturers  and  Wholesale  Agents  for  Cuckoo.  Trompeters,  Automatic  and  Fancy  Carved 
Clocks,  No.  14  Dey  Street;  Factory.  Black  Forest,  Germany.— A  house  with  an  established  prestige  in  its  special  line  of  trade, 
standing  of  the  highest  character  in  commercial  circles,  and  with  an  enviable  name  for  the  quality  of  its  merchandise  and  th& 
honorable  methods  of  its  management  is  that  of  The  Boss  Company,  importers,  manufacturers  and  wholesale  agents  for  Cuckoo, 
Trompeters,  Automatic  and  fancy  carved  clocks,  located  at  No.  14  Dey  Street,  with  a  factory  at  Black  Forest,  Germany;  also,  sole 
importers  for  Wm.  Cuyper's  chronometer,  watch  and  clock  oils,  with  factory  at  Dresden,  Saxony.  This  company  established  their  business, 
here  in  1884,  and  have  built  up  a  trade  of  splendid  proportions,  which  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  is  annually  increasing 
in  strength  and  iiiHuence.  The  spacious  salesrooms  of  the  company  are  elegant  in  all  their  appointments,  perfect  in  convenieuce  of  arrange- 
ment for  inspection  and  sale,  and  are  filled  to  repletion  with  a  very  heavy  and  attractive  line  of  specialties  in  clocks,  which  are  un- 
doubtedly the  most  original,  uuique  and  beautiful  specimens  of  the  kind  yet  produced  in  America  or  Europe.  The  Cuckoo  clocks,  for 
which  this  company  is  especially  famous,  include  many  varieties,  both  mosaic  or  walnut  case,  all  brass  movements,  and  of  fancy  orna- 
mental designs,  striking  every  half  hour  with  cuckoo  accompaniment,  and  every  fifteen  minutes  a  quail  strike.  Prices  and  drawings  of 
every  variety  of  carved  clocks  sent  on  application,  and  any  style  desired  is  furnished  at  short  notice.  The  display  here  made  is  well 
worthy  the  attention  of  connoisseurs  in  these  matters  and  deserves  a  far  lengthier  description  than  our  space  allows  us  to  indulge 
in.  The  goods  are  guaranteed  to  be  genuine,  in  good  working  order  and  exactly  as  represented,  and  are  widely  preferred  by 
dealers  everywhere  on  account  of  their  great  salability,  uniform  excellence  and  solid  merits.  The  oils  handled  by  this  house  have 
won  first  prizes  all  over  the  world,  and  are  in  constant  demand  wherever  once  introduced.  Mr.  Charles  Boss,  the  active  manager  of 
this  company,  is  an  expert  and  accomplished  master  of  his  art,  and  wins  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  comes  in 
contact,  by  reason  of  the  reliability  of  his  methods,  his  sound  judgment  and  exquisite  taste. 

r-mr     Q.  M.W^NARD.  Elevators,  Hoisting  .\ppliances.  Overhead  Railways,  Dumb  Waiters,  No.  12  Cortlandt  Street.— Elevators  and  hoisting 
--  I  appliances  have  become  a  necessity  at  the  present  day  in  hotels,  mills,  factories,  and  public  buildings  of  all  kinds.    In  the  con- 

©J I  struction  of  these  machines,  the  chief  consideration  to  be  kept  in  view  should  be  safety,  and  to  buy  a  badly  constructed,  cheap  and 

II*  imperfect  elevator  is  simply  suicidal.  In  this  connection  special  reference  is  made  to  the  reliable  house  of  Mr.  J.  Q.  Slaynard,  man- 
ufacturer of  elevators,  hoisting  appliances,  overhead  railways  and  dumb  waiters,  at  No.  12  Cortlandt  Street.  This  industry  was 
inaugurated  here  in  1875  by  Mr.  Maynard.  The  cata  logue  published  by  Mr.  Maynard  illustrates  and  exhibits  the  most  complete  array  of 
appliances  for  the  easy  handling  of  machinery,  merchandise,  freight,  etc.,  in  warehouses,  shops,  mills,  stores,  factories,  hotels,  depots  and 
private  houses,  ever  offered  for  the  consideration  of  the  public.  Many  of  the  devices  are  new,  while  all  are  useful,  having  been  thoroughly 
tested  and  approved.  They  comprise,  undoubtedly,  the  best  inventions  and  improvements  in  this  line  of  mechanism.  Special  attention  should 
be  called  to  the  fact  that  the  automatic  stops  for  hand  elevators  and  dumb  waiters  (the  Harrington,  Wythe  and  Standard  [latents),  controiled 
by  this  house,  are  the  only  ones  made  that  hold  the  load  securely  at  any  point,  both  in  ascending  and  descending.  This  is  an  element  of 
safety  not  before  attained  in  hand-power  elevators.  The  "  Harrington  "  hand  elevator  has  several  important  improvements  that  can  be 
found  in  no  other  elevator,  and  differs  from  all  others  in  that  it  has  a  double-acting  automatic  brake,  by  which  the  load  is  always  held  at  any 
desired  point  either  in  raising  or  lowering,  loading  or  unloading.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  most  perfect  hand  elevator  made.  As  this  machine 
is  all  iron  and  machine-fitted,  the  wearing  parts  cannot  warp,  shrink,  twist  or  get  out  of  place.  The  load  may  be  lowered  at  any  speed,  the 
brake  coming  into  action  whenever  the  operator  pulls  on  the  check-rope  or  lets  go  of  it.  It  is,  therefore,  a  safe  elevator,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  most  rapid  hand  elevator  in  use.  The  Howard  elevators  have  been  in  use  for  many  years.  Hundreds  have  been  erected,  which  are 
invariably  doing  excellent  service.  In  all  places  where  a  large  amount  of  work  is  to  be  done,  these  machines  will  be  found  entirely  reliable, 
capacity  and  size  as  required;  from  500  to  ;3,000  pounds.  The  Wythe  hand  elevator  is  an  exceedingly  simple  and  efficient  hoist  for  light 
work.  It  has  no  check  rope  or  brake,  but  the  load  is  held  by  an  automatic  stop  always  acting  except  when  the  hand  rope  is  pulled  for 
raising  or  lowering  the  load.  A  cellar  and  pavement  hoist,  with  platform,  is  one  of  the  latest  inventions  of  this  house,  and  has  proved  emi- 
nently satisfactory.  For  light  work,  ,500  to  1,500  pounds,  it  is  believed  to  be  superior  to  any  similar  machine.  It  costs  less,  is  safe  and  works 
easier  than  any  other.  It  is  supplied  with  the  Wythe  self-acting  stop,  by  which  the  load  is  held  at  any  point.  These  can  be  seen  in  practical 
use  at  Mr.  Maynard's  establishment.  I\Ir.  I\Iaynard  is  also  sole  agent  in  New  Y'ork  for  the  Harrington  hoists  and  overhead  railways.  These 
hoists  are  well  known,  twenty  thousand  of  them  having  been  sold  in  the  last  seven  years.  They  are  universally  regarded  as  the  best.  Mr. 
Maynard  is  a  Massachusetts  man  by  birth,  a  resident  of  this  city  for  the'past  thirty  years,  and  an  expert,  reliable  and  successful  manufact- 
urer. He  has  acted  as  agent  for  Messrs.  Edwin  Harrington  &  Son,  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  in  the  production  and  sr  I  ^ 
of  hoisting  appliances  which  combine  strength  and  safety  he  may  be  considered  as  standing  foremost  in  the  metropolis. 


142  HISTJRY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

OAKLEY  &  KEATING,  Laundry  Engineers  and  Manufacturers  of  Laundry  Machinery,  No.  40  Cortlandt  Strei^-t.— A  representative 
and  most  progressive  firm  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  laundry  machinery  is  that  of  Messrs.  Oakley  &  Keating,  located  at  No. 
40  Cortlandt  Street.  The  business  was  established  by  the  present  firm  in  18til  and  they  have  occupied  the  jjresent  location  about 
tweut^'-four  years.  Their  factory  is  located  at  Nos.  135  to  145  Manhattan  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  The  laundry  appliances  man- 
ufactured by  this  company  are  greatly  admired  by  experts  and  are  absolutely  unrivaled  for  utility,  efficiency,  durability  and 
uniform  excellence.  It  has  always  been  the  policy  of  this  company  to  spare  no  trouble  or  expense  in  perfecting  its  machinery  and  in  placing 
upon  the  market  new  devices  that  are  both  labor  saving  and  practical.  Messrs.  Oakley  &  Keating  are  competent  laundry  engineers 
and  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  specifications  promptly.  They  make  a  specialty  of  fitting  up  laundries  in  hotels  and  institu- 
tions, in  which  direction  their  business  connections  are  very  extensive.  The  individual  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  John  M.  Oakley 
and  John  Keating,  are  gentlemen  of  marked  business  ability,  and  their  standing  in  the  cftnmercial  world  is  of  the  most  irreproachable 
cliaracter,  and  they  are  everywhere  regarded  as  masters  of  their  business. 

EDAVARD  H.  RATH,  Suburban  Real  Estate,  No.  11  John  Street.— The  real  estate  interests  of  New  York  and  her  suburbs  have  attained 
proportions  of  such  magnitude  as  to  enlist  the  j^ervices  of  many  of  our  most  talented  and  enterprising  business  men.  Much  of  the 
rapid  development  noticed  in  eligible  realty  is  due  to  the  honorable  and  conservative  methods  of  our  leading  brokers,  who  have  not 
sought  to  create  inflated  values,  but  rather  to  retain  the  market  upon  the  firm  basis  of  actual  worth  as  regards  income  producing 
capacity.  The  continued  rapid  growth  ot  the  city  has  made  the  possession  of  suburban  property  particularly  desirable,  and  some 
real  estate  operators  are  devoting  their  entire  attention  in  this  line.  One  of  the  leaders  engaged  m  handling  suburban  real  estate  and  wlio 
makes  Long  Island  real  estate  a  specialty  is  Mr.  Edward  H.  Rath,  whose  offices  are  in  the  Corbiti  building,  corner  of  Broadway  and  John 
Street.  This  gentleman  established  business  in  1H(>0.  bringing  to  bear  energy  and  sound  ability,  and  he  has  already  developed  a  large,  first- 
class  patronage.  His  practical  and  ultimate  knowledge  of  values  of  improved  and  unimproved  property,  acquired  by  an  active  experience, 
is  unexcehed  in  the  city.  Mr.  Rath  has  upon  his  books  the  cream  of  selections  in  the  way  of  suburban  property,  and  plans  and  descriptions 
of  lots  which  offer  a  splendid  opportunity  to  those  who  desire  a  place  for  a  home,  or  for  profitable  speculation.  These  include  Rockaway 
Park,  HoUis,  situated  in  the  town  of  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  within  ten  miles  of  New  York;  Woodhull  Park,  Jamaica,  Dunton  Park,  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  and 
Murray  Hill,  Flushing,  L.  I.  Lots  in  these  rapidly  growing  places  are  offered  at  lowest  prices  and  every  opportunity  is  given  for  inspection. 
Mr.  Rath  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn  and  a  resident  of  Flushing.  He  is  a  progressive,  energetic  business  man,  strives  zealously  to  advance  the 
best  interests  of  his  patrons,  and  he  is  highly  regarded  for  the  honorable  methods  which  govern  him  in  all  his  transactions, 

THE  OAKLEY  SOAP  AND  PERFUMERY  COMPANY,  John  A.  Oakley,  President,  A.  P.  Babcock.  Secretary.  Nos.  122  and  1'^  Duane 
Street,  Corner  of  Church  Street.— Tliat  an  absohitely  pure,  perfect  preparation  in  the  line  of  toilet  soaps  and  kindred  products  is  a 
desideratum  is  abundantly  attested  by  the  wide-spread  and  ever  increasing  demand  for  a  distinctly  meritorious  article  of  tlie  char- 
acter indicated.  And  it  may  be  here  remarked,  too,  in  this  connection,  that  notable  improvement  has  been  made  in  the  good 
referred  to  of  late  years,  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers  turning  out  a  class  of  compounds  of  rare  excellence.  But  while  it  is 
worthy  of  note  that  many  of  the  preparations  now  on  the  market  possess  unequivocal  features  of  merit  to  recommend  them  to  favor,  it  is 
equally  patent  that  forgeneral  superiority  none  yet  introduced  to  public  notice  can  compare  with  the  fine  toilet  soaps  and  perfumes  manu- 
factured Ijy  the  Oakley  Soap  and  Perfumeiy  Company,  Nos.  123  and  124  Duane  Sti-eet,  corner  of  Church  Street,  which  are  noted  for  their 
absolute  purity,  choice  quality,  exquisite  scents  and  all  round  superiority.  These  goods,  which  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard, 
are  conceded  to  be  the  ne  phis  ultra  of  toilet  soaps  and  perfumery,  and  command  distinct  recognition  throughout  the  civilized  world.  Only 
carefully  selected,  perfectly  prepared,  choicest  ingredients  are  used  in  the  manufacture  thereof,  while  the  various  processes  are  conducted 
according  to  an  exact  formula  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  expert  chemists,  their  medicated  soaps,  "  triple  ''  extracts,  skin  lotions 
and  toilet  powders  being  highly  meritorious  preparations  from  a  sanitary  point  of  Tiew.  This  noteworthy  and  widely  known  concern  was 
established  in  1850,  and  under  the  firm  name  of  Jesse  Oakley  &  Co.,  was  conducted  up  to  about  eight  years  ago.  when  the  business  was  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  New  York  with  a  capital  stock  of  $2.5,000,  and  the  present  style  adopted,  John  A.  Oakley  being  the  president,  and  A. 
P.  Babcock,  secretary.  The  factory  which  was  formerly  at  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  is  now  located  in  Jersey  City,  and  is  a  capacious,  thorouglily 
equipped  plant,  where  125  hands  find  employment.  The  quarters  occupied  as  office  and  salesroom  on  Duane  Street  are  commodious  and  well 
ordered,  and  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed  here  in  addition  to  eight  representatives  on  the  road.  An  exceedingly 
fine  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  including  an  infinite  variety  of  high  grade  toilet  soaps,  perfunies.  scented  extracts,  bay  rum, 
colognes,  face  and  tooth  powders  and  kindred  articles,  and  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner.  The  prices 
quoted  are  notably  low,  quality  of  goods  considered,  and  the  most  liberal  terms  are  offered  to  the  trade;  the  company  with  their  large 
resources,  exceptional  facilities  and  world-wide  business  connection  being  manifestly  in  a  position  to  offer  substantial  inducements. 

-w-^    AWRENCE  S.  MOTT  &  CO.,  No.  57  and  59  William  St.  (near  Wall)  New  Tfork,  No.  54  Devonshire  St..  Boston,  S.  W.  Cor.  Sth  and  Olive 
I    ij5j    St,s,,  St.  Louis,  and  London.  England;  Cable  Address,  Millboard,  New  York;  Organizers  of  Stock  Companies.  Investment  Brokers, 
I   V     Dealers  in  Railway  Equipment,  Promoters  and  Negotiators.  Representatives  of  English  and  American  Capital.— There  are  at  all 
times  people  seeking  to  invest  capital  in  such  a  manner  as  to  insure  them  the  utmost  element  of  safety,  combined  with  a  reasonable 
rate  of  income.    The  field  for  daring  and  hazardous  venture  always  exhibits  a  restless  llirong  makhig  haste  to  be  rich,  while  the 
field  for  legitimate  investment  is  a  less  crowded  one,  but  beyond  question  one  in  which  more  satisfying  harvests  are  seasonably  secured. 
Among  those  firms  in  New  York  who  make  the  wants  of  the  conservative  investor  their  constant  study,  and  whose  reputation  foi-  affording 
accurate  information  is  firmly  established,  that  of  Messrs.  Lawrence  S.  Mott  &  Co.  stands  second  to  none.    This  firm,  doing  business  at  No. 
57  and  59  William  St..  are  widely  known  as  promoters,  negotiators  and  representatives  of  English  and  American  capital;  and  are  also  prom- 
inent in  the  city  as  organizers  of  stock  companies,  investment  broKers  and  dealers  in  railway  equipment.    The  business  so  successfully  con- 
ducted by  them  was  originally  established  in  1887,  by  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Mott,  who  were  succeeded  by  the  present  firm  in  July,  1890.   No  more 
careful,  reliable  or  well-posted  brokers  than  Messrs.  Mott  &  Co.,  can  be  found.    They  bring  to  bear  upon  their  business  a  wide  range  of  ex- 
perience in  financial  matters,  together  with  intimate  and  influential  connections  both  at  home  and  abroad.    They  have  large  interests  in 
Denver,  Colorado:  Helena,  Montana,  and  other  mining  regions,  and  are  also  agents  for  several  large  banking  institutinns  in  England.    They 
are  constantly  organizing  stock  companies  for  the  development  of  the  great  natural  resources  of  this  country  in  mining,  manufacturing 
and  other  industrial  pursuits,  and  are  prepared  to  conduct  all  operations  under  the  most  favorable  conditions  for  success.    The  members  of 
the  firm  are  Messrs.  Lawrence  S.  Mott,  John  Acken  and  George  S.  Stitt.  Jr.    Mr.  Mott  is  a  native  and  well-known  resident  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
Mr.  Acken  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  while  Mr.  Stitt  is  a  native  New  Yorker.     All  are  young  men  of  experience  and  standing  in  the  social 
and  business  world,  and  their  career  in  the  financial  world  has  been  eminently  creditable  to  their  judgment,  reliability  and  sound  sense. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


143 


BOSTON  IMPROVEMENT  COMPANY,  No.  268  Broadway.— The  rapid  progress  of  suburlian  Nt-iv  York,  and  the  wonderful  development 
of  her  real  estate  interests,  is  largely  due  to  the  enterprise  and  sagacity  of  her  leading  real  estate  agents  and  brokers,  prominent 
among  whom  may  be  named  Messrs.  J.  McGinnis  and  W.  H.  Van  Guilder,  managers  of  the  Boston  Improvement  Company,  with 
headquarters  at  No.  258  Broadway.  These  gentlemen  bring  to  bear  special  qualifications  upon  every  branch  of  the  real  estate  bus- 
iness, and  their  success  in  this  undertaking  is  the  best  possible  indication  of  tlieir  foresight,  .iudgment  and  business  ability. 
IMr.  McGinnis  had  been  established  in  the  realty  business  since  1886,  while  Mr.  Van  Guilder  had  been  engaged  therein  since  1H81,  when  in 
1889  they  consolidated  their  interests  and  organized  the  present  company.  They  immediately  invested  in  land  in  the  town  of  Congers,  situa- 
ted in  Rockland  County,  N.  Y.,  about  twenty-six  miles  from  the  New  York  City  Hall,  on  the  main  line^f  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  and,  by 
unflagging  energy  and  singleness  of  purpose,  have  succeeded  in  placing  Congers  in  the  front  rank  of  suburban  towns.  The  policy  pursued 
by  them  in  laying  out  and  populating  the  town  is  most  unique  in  its  conception,  liberal  in  its  performance  and  based  on  the  soundest  princi- 
ples of  finance.  They  have  given  the  choicest  lots  and  materials  to  erect  the  foundation  of  houses,  and  a  yearly  pass,  free  to  all  who  build; 
while  at  the  same  time  have  sold  lots  at  surprisingly  low  prices.    The  land  in  the  various  sections  of  the  town  has,  in  fact,  been  sold  at  prices 


Junction  of  Third  and  Fourth  Avenues— Cooper  Union 

which  must,  within  a  few  months,  more  than  double.  The  factors  in  this  advance  are  the  increase  of  population  and  the  completion  of 
improvements  now  under  way.  Congers  may  already  be  said  to  have  pa.ssed  out  of  the  experimental  state  into  that  of  steady  development. 
It  has  all  the  elements  of  success,  a  location  unsurpassed,  good  drainage,  admirable  climate,  scenery  which  delights  the  eye  of  the  poet  and 
painter,  and  last  though  most  important,  ample  facilities  of  reaching  the  metropolis.  When  the  "  New  York  World  "  asked  the  question, 
"  Which  is  the  best  town  to  live  in  ?  "  and  called  for  votes  from  all  over  the  country,  the  answer  came  "  Congers !  "  by  a  plurality  of  over 
&4.aiO  votes,  and  a  total  of  1.50.000  in  its  favor.  The  efforts  of  the  Boston  Improvement  Company,  or  in  other  words.  Slessrs.  McGinnis  and 
Van  Guilder,  have  been  crowned  with  a  brilliant  succe.ss.  Their  patrons  are  delighted  and  the  boom  is  a  permanent  one,  to  all  appearance. 
The  company  have  a  branch  office  at  No.  1.32  Park  Avenue,  opposite  Grand  Central  Depot;  an.l  eastern  offlces  at  No.  iJ47  Washington 
Street.  Boston;  Village  Street.  Medway;  and  No.  134  JIain  Street,  Milford.  Mass.  A  word  as  to  the  foundeis  of  this  enterprise.  Mr.  John 
McGinnis  was  born  in  Medway,  Mass..  thirty  years  ago.  He  started  in  business  in  the  shoe  industry  at  an  early  age.  but  his  factory  was  des- 
troyed by  fire,  and  he  was  soon  after  the  victim  of  a  railway  accident  which  incapacitated  him  for  work  for  several  months.  After  recover- 
ing from  his  injury,  he  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate  matters  in  Medway.  finally  opening  an  office  in  Boston  in  188.'j.  where  he  remained 
until  1889.  when  he  came  to  New  York  and  quickly  entered  upon  the  undertaking  which  has  proved  so  successful  and  won  for  himself  and 
his  partner  a  proud  position  in  the  real  estate  field  of  the  great  metropolis.  Mr.  Van  Guilder  is  a  native  of  Jefferson.  Ohio,  where  he  was 
born  in  1857.  His  early  life  was  largely  .spent  in  the  mercantile  business  and  as  a  traveling  salesm,an,  until  in  1881.  when  he  embarked  in  the 
real  estate  business  in  Boston.  While  engaged  therein  he  established  the  firm  known  as  the  Poml  Rubber  Company,  which  to-day  does  a 
large  wholesale  biisiness  in  rubber  clothing.  In  1889  he  started  with  Mr.  McGinnis  on  a  prospeetini.-  tour  for  the  purpose  of  locating  a  town 
near  this  city,  and  never  halted  in  their  search  until  they  decided  upon  Congers,  on  the  beautiful  Rockland  Lake,  where  they  have  since  won 
a  success  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  the  New  York  real  estate  market. 


144  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  SAFETY  CAR  HEATING  AND  LIGHTING  COMPANY,  Heating  Systems,  by  Hot  Water  Circulation.  Direct  Steam  or  Gas,  the 
Pintsch  System  of  Lighting,  No.  160  Broadway.— The  question  of  the  efficient  and  economical  hghting  of  passenger  cars  is  one  which 
has  occupied  the  attention  of  railway  managers  for  many  years,  and  much  inventive  ingenuity  has  been  exercised  in  attempting  its 
solution.  The  many  difficulties  attending  the  use  of  other  systems  of  lighting  led  the  inventor  of  the  Pintsch  system  to  the  investiga- 
tion of  oil-gas  as  an  illuminant  and  to  the  perfection  of  the  system  which  bears  his  name.  This  system  is  now  being  successfully 
introduced  by  the  Safety  Car  Heating  and  Lighting  Company,  with  headquarters  at  No.  160  Broadway.  This  company  was  incorpoiated  in 
1885  with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000,  and  is  officered  as  follows,  viz.:  Arthur  W.  Soper,  president;  Robert  Andrews,  vice-president;  B.  R.  Still- 
man,  secretary;  W.  R.  Thomas,  treasurer;  Robert  M.  Dixon,  engineer.  The  furninihing  of  a  sufficient  and  practical  light  in  a  car,  such  as 
will  render  reading  and  other  occupations  a  pleasure,  are  met  by  this  system  and  are  well  borne  out  by  the  conditions  of  its  present  use. 
The  principal  elements  in  the  application  of  the  Pintsch  system  to  a  passenger  car  are  the  receiver,  the  tilling  valves  through  which  gas 
is  supplied  to  the  receiver,  the  gauge  for  indicating  the  amount  of  gas  in  the  receiver,  the  regulator  for  maintaining  a  constant  low  pressure 
on  the  pipes  leading  to  the  lamps  and  the  lamps.  The  receivers,  which  are  made  of  various  lengths,  according  to  demands  of  service  and 
construction  of  cars,  embody  in  their  construction  the  maximum  of  volume  for  a  given  length,  and  minimum  of  weight  consistent  with 
required  strength.  The  filling  valves  are  carefully  designed  for  their  purpose.  The  connection  for  hose  is  a  quick-acting  ground  joint.  The 
valve  stem  is  arranged  for  opening  by  a  special  key  to  prevent  unautliorized  or  malicious  waste  of  gas.  The  "^alve  is  enclosed  in  a  close-fit- 
ting and  ingenious  cover,  which  is  a  great  protection  to  it.  The  subject  of  economical  combustion  of  gas  and  efficient  distribution  of  the 
light  is  fully  as  important  as  any  other  in  connection  with  car  illumination.  This  feature  of  lighting  is  equally  as  important  as  proper  regu- 
lation. Botli  are  necessities  and  this  system  can  justly  claim  the  most  perfect  car  lamp  ever  yet  used  or  devised.  From  two  to  six  flames 
may  be  used  in  the  lamps  and  they  burn  with  a  perfectly  steady,  uniform  light.  Tlie  light  is  in  no  way  experimental,  but  economical  and 
safe  beyond  the  suspicion  of  danger.  It  is  of  high  illuminating  power  and  is  not  affected  by  extremes  of  temperature.  The  recent  introduc- 
tion of  this  thoroughly  practical  system  of  lighting  upon  many  important  railway  lines,  and  its  application  on  an  elaborate  scale  to  a  large 
number  of  palace,  sleeping  and  drawing-room  cars,  is  an  evidence  of  the  high  appreciation  in  which  it  is  held.  It  is  rapidly  taking  the  place 
of  inflammable  oil,  and  relegating  the  dim  light,  the  smoky  chimneys  and  the  disagreeable  odors  of  the  lamp  into  the  past.  The  high  illu- 
minating power  of  the  gas  and  the  efficient  apparatus  for  its  use  are  unequaled.  The  system  is  also  appUcable  to  the  lighting  of  ferry  boats, 
street  railway  cars,  and  as  a  coast  and  channel  light.  The  following  railway  companies  and  both  the  great  palace  car  companies  are  using 
Pintsch  gas  for  car  illumination;  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River,  the  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  Western,  the  N.  Y.,  Providence  &  Boston,  the 
N.  Y.  &  New  England,  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western,  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  Chicago  &  Atlantic,  the  West  Shore,  Baltimore 
&  Ohio,  Philadelphia  &  Reading,  theN.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  Hartford,  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton,  the  Rio  Grande  Western,  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg,  the  Boston  &  Albany,  the  Old  Colony,  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago,  the  Wabash,  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia,  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  and  others.  Arrangements  are  being  completed  whereby 
during  the  present  year  Pintsch  gas  will  be  in  use  upon  railways  representing  an  aggregate  of  over  40.000  miles  in  this  country.  In  Europe 
and  in  the  United  States  over  3S.000  cars  are  now  equipped  for  and  using  Pintsch  gas.  The  latest  and  by  far  the  most  successful  metliod 
yet  adopted  for  heating  railroad  cars  is  devised  and  presented  by  this  company.  The  experience  of  this  company  has  demonstrated  the 
efficiency  and  economy  of  the  systems  of  car  heating  by  steam  which  are  now  offered  in  improved  form  and  with  perfected  details.  In 
the  work  of  this  company  safety  is  made  the  first  consideration.  .\s  the  result  of  yeai's  of  practical  application  on  trains  on  various  rail- 
roads and  careful  experiments  in  their  laboratory,  this  company  offers  their  system  of  application  of  steam  heating  known  as  the  Standard 
system  by  hot  water  circulation,  in  connection  with  the  Baker  or  any  other  similar  heater.  This  system  comprises  circulating  pipes  within 
the  car,  whicii  are  filled  with  water,  and  two  or  more  heaters  in  operative  contact  with  these  circulating  pipes  which  can  be  used  simulta- 
neously or  separately  for  imparting  heat  to  the  water  in  the  pipes,  steam  from  the  locomotive  being  the  primary  soui'ce  of  heat,  and  the 
Baker  or  any  other  similar  heater  within  the  car,  the  auxiliary,  when  the  primary  heater  is  not  in  use.  The  heat  obtained  is  abundant, 
pleasant,  easily  regulated  and  absolutely  safe.  The  circulation  is  rapid,  requiring  but  one-eighth  to  one-seventh  the  time  required  by  the 
Baker  heater  to  completely  heat  the  radiating  pipes.  The  advantages  of  this  system  are  many.  It  is  efficient  and  can  warm  a  car  in  any 
weather,  because  it  will  give  a  higher  temperature  to  the  water  circulating  pipes  than  the  Baker  heater,  and  will  heat  them  a  great  ileal 
quicker.  It  is  simple,  as  there  is  but  one  steam  valve  and  a  simple  trap.  No  adjustment  of  pipes  or  valves  is  required.  Whatever  steam 
maybe  allowed  to  pass,  the  steam  valve  gives  its  heat  to  the  water  which  distributes  it  evenly  throughout  the  car.  Salt  water  is  used  in  the 
circulating  pipes,  therefore  the  danger  of  freezing  is  avoided.  The  officers  of  this  company  are  well-known  New  Yorkers  and  are  to  be 
congratulated  upon  the  success  of  this  important  undertaking. 

•r^    EVERING  &  GARRIGUES,  Engineers  and  Contractors,  Bridges,  Buildings  and  General  Structural  Work.  No.  41  Pulitzer  Building.— 

I  /r^  Although  a  comparatively  young  firm.  Levering  &  Garrigues,  engineers  and  contractors,  whose  headquarters  are  at  No.  218  South 
I  V  Fourth  Street.  Philadelphia,  with  New  York  office,  II.  L.  Burns,  engineer-iu-charge,  at  room  No.  41  Pulitzer  Building,  have  attained 
■* —  a  degree  of  prominence  and  won  a  measure  of  success  vouchsafed  to  few  in  their  line.  They  have  reached  the  fore  front  rank  in 
their  profession,  and  receive  a  measure  of  recognition  of  a  highly  flattering  and  a  substantial  character,  many  noteworthy  achieve- 
ments.— bridges,  aqueducts,  manufacturing  plants  and  general  structural  woi'k— in  and  around  tliis  city,  as  well  as  throughout  Pennsylvania, 
attesting  their  skill  and  reliability.  They  have  been  established  in  Philadelphia  about  four  years,  opening  the  New  York  office  in  November^ 
1890,  and  from  the  first  have  been  steadily  winning  their  way  to  favor  and  patronage.  l\Ir.  W.  M.  Levering,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  is 
a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life  and  an  expert  civil  and  mechanical  engineer;  and  Mr.  W.  A.  Garrigues,  his  partner,  who  is  also  a  compara- 
tively young  man.  is  a  thoroughly  competent  civil  engineer  and  surveyor.  Both  are  men  of  ample  experience,  as  well  as  of  energy  and 
ability,  and  are  graduates  of  the  Philadelphia  School  of  Technology.  I\Ir.  Burns,  their  efficient  representative  in  the  metropolis,  is  a  gentle- 
man of  about  twenty-six  and  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  is  a  capable  and  entirely  responsible  all  round  engineer,  of  several  years'  prac- 
tical and  successful  experience,  and  was  eraduated  from  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  attached  to  Yale  College,  class  of  '86.  Messrs. 
Levering  &  Garrigues  are  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes  of  work  in  the  line  above  indicated,  including  surveys,  designs  and  construction, 
and  guarantee  the  utmost  satisfaction  in  every  instance.  Estimates  are  made,  and  plans,  specifications,  etc..  furnished  at  short  notice, 
while  construction  is  personally  supervised,  and  all  contracts  undertaken  by  these  gentlemen  are  certain  to  be  performed  in  the  most  expe- 
ditious, skillful  and  trustworthy  manner.  Among  the  more  notable  contracts  executed  by  them  in  New  York  City  and  State  can  be  men- 
tioned Pier  62,  N.  R.,  the  iron  work  on  the  N.  Y.  C.  &  W.  R.  R.  the  iron  lining  in  the  West  Shore  R.  R.  tunnel  at  West  Point,  some  iron  work 
on  the  Consumers'  Brewery  and  part  of  the  work  on  Koehler's  Brewery,  and  the  iron  work  for  the  new  brew  house  for  Geo.  Ringler  &  Co.. 
while  in  the  Quaker  City  the  Girard  Building,  the  Land,  Title  and  Trust  Co.  building,  the  Provident  Life  Insurance  Co.  building,  the  Penn- 
sylvania Trust  Co.  building,  a  consideralde  portion  of  Baldwin's  Shoe  Works,  several  breweries,  etc.,  besides  railroad  shops,  depot  dwel- 
lings, etc.,  for  the  Penn.  R.  R.,  at  Wall,  Pa.,  and  a  number  of  structures  all  over  the  state  of  Pennsylvania. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  145 

r-jr     alOVlUS  &  SON,  Importers  of  Aniline  Colors  and  Dye  Stuffs,  No.  7i)  Murray  Street.— Representative  as  a  direct  importer  of  all  kinds 
I  of  aniline  colors  and  alizarines  is  the  well  known  firm  of  J.  Movius  &  Son,  whose  extensive  fstablishment  is  located  at  No.  '9 

\©)l  Murray  Street.    The  business  is  very  old,  having   beeu  founded  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  aj^'O  by  Messrs.  Lutz  &  Movius, 

[J  •  They  early  acquired  an  enviable  reputation  for  tlie  excellent  quality  of  their  lines  of  colors  and  uliaarines,  and  for  their  moderate 
tiirifif  of  prices,  developing  a  trade  of  great  magnitude,  with  most  inlluential  connections.  In  18.S5.  Mr.  Jlovius  retired,  and  Mr. 
Lutz  continued  the  business  alone  tdl  October  8,  1880,  the  present  firm  succeeding  to  the  business,  January  1,  18SX).  This  firm  is  composed  of 
Mr.  J.  .'\Iovius,  wlio  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  business,  and  his  son.  Mr.  August  Movius,  both  gentlemen  of  large  practical  experience 
and  honorable,  enterprising  business  methods.  In  April,  mtO,  the  firm  hail  to  seek  more  extended  facilities  for  the  increased  demands  of 
their  trade,  which  they  found  at  No.  7'J  Murray  Street,  and  removed  at  that  date  from  their  old  location,  No.  15  Warren  Street.  Here  they 
occupy  an  entire  five-story  building,  which  is  fitted  up  with  every  convenience  and  facility  for  the  transaction  of  business  upon  a  large 
scale.  The  firm  represent  several  of  the  largest  manufacturers  in  Europe  in  the  lines  of  aniline  colors  and  alizarines,  and  control  in  the 
American  market,  several  valuable  specialties,  selling  direct  to  proprietors  of  the  leading  mills  and  factories  of  the  New  England  States,  here 
in  and  al)Out  New  York  and  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  The  firm  have  made  a  close  study  of  the  requirements  of  American  manufacturers  of 
woolens,  cottons,  silks,  worsteds,  carpets,  paper,  etc.,  etc.,  and  can  best  fill  all  orders  so  as  to  insure  absolute  satisfaction.  Being  direct  im- 
porters, and  handling  such  full  lines  of  colors  and  dye  stuffs,  the  firm  offers  substantial  inducements  to  the  trade  not  duplicated  elsewhere. 
The  business  of  this  establisliment  is  conducted  upon  the  broad  basis  of  equity,  and  those  forming  commercial  relations  with  the  firm  may 
rest  assured  that  their  interests  will  be  carefully  guarded. 

ESTEIGER  &  CO.,  Foreign  Publications,  Branch  at  No.  -2  Thalstrasse.  Leipzig,  No.  25  Park  Place.— The  name  of  Steiger  has  been  long 
and  honorably  identified  with  the  mercantile  interests  of  the  metropolis,  and  the  business  conducted  upon  such  an  extensive  scale 
by  E.  Steiger  &  Co.,  at  No.  '^"j  Park  Place,  is  the  outcome  of  a  steady  adherence  to  the  legitimate  principles  of  trade,  coupled  with 
•  industry,  energy  and  honesty.  This  house  is  noted  as  the  quickest  supply  of  foreign  publications  in  the  city,  and  for  the  largest 
stock  of  German  publications  in  the  entire  United  States..  The  business  was  founded  in  1859  by  Mr.  J.  "Wieck.  the  present  firm  suc- 
ceeding to  the  control  in  1863.  The  premises  occupied  for  trade  purposes  are  eligibly  located  near  the  city  post  office,  city  hall,  county  court 
liouse.  elevated  railways  and  the  Brooklyn  Bridge,  and  comprise  three  floors,  40  x  150  feet  each,  all  of  which  splendid  floor  space  is  utilized 
in  the  disposal  of  the  immense  and  valuable  stock  here  constantly  carried.  Here  are  to  be  found  the  best  German  books  in  all  departments, 
German  periodicals,  kindergarten  literature,  kindergarten  gifts  and  material,  modern  German  books  at  reduced  prices,  globes,  maps,  tel- 
lurians, etc.;  also,  books,  pamphlets,  periodicals,  newspapers,  maps,  engravings,  music,  etc.,  imported  from  Germany.  Austria.  Switzerland, 
England.  France.  Spain,  Italy,  Portugal,  Belgium,  Holland.  Denmark,  Sweden,  Russia  and  other  countries;  and  direct  connections  are 
enjpyed  with  publishers  and  booksellei-s  of  all  countries.  This  firm  also  supply  scientific  apparatus,  object  teaching,  manual  training,  school 
sUilionery  and  supplies,  reading  charts,  geographical  charts,  drawing  charts,  drawing  studies,  calculating  machines,  blank  books  of  all 
kinds,  stationery,  etc.,  etc.  A  specialty  is  made  of  Steiger's  kindergarten  material,  gifts  and  occupations;  the  most  complete  assortment 
carefully  manufactured  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of  the  highest  authorities  on  the  genuine  Froebel  system  of  pre-primary  education. 
Everything  needed  for  manual  training  is  promptly  supplied,  and  the  facihties  of  the  house  are  unequaled  for  filling  the  largest  orders  at 
vei'y  short  notice.  The  stock  includes  German  classics  for  advanced  students  of  German;  original  German  editions  of  masterpieces  of  clas- 
sical and  modern  German  literature;  translations  of  the  best  works  of  ancient  and  modern  languages;  all  classes  of  imported  text  books; 
German  atlases  and  maps,  Badeker's  European  guides  with  many  general  and  detailed  maps,  plans  of  cities,  panoramic  views,  etc.;  books 
for  the  study  of  languages,  being  dictionaries,  grammars  and  dialogues  of  the  Bohemian.  Bulgarian,  Croatian,  Danish,  Dutch.  French,  mod- 
ern Greek,  Hungarian,  Irish.  Italian,  Polish,  Portuguese,  Roumanian,  Russian,  Servian,  Slovakian.  Spanish,  Swedish,  Turkish,  Welsh  and 
many  other  European  languages,  besides  polyglot  books,  Volapuk  and  Pasilingua,  Chinese  and  Japanese.  The  collection  of  books  for  the 
study  of  languages  is  the  largest  in  the  known  world.  Mr.  E.  Steiger,  the  master  mind  in  the  direction  of  this  great  enterprise,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  183,'.  and  came  to  this  city  in  1855.  He  has  "  lived,  moved  and  had  his  being  "  in  a  bookstore  all  his  life,  ever  since  he  lefi 
school,  at  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  knows  every  phase,  feature  and  requirement  of  the  business.  He  has  never  failed  to  be  at  liis  place  ot 
business  every  day  since  it  was  established,  and,  further  than  all  that,  has  worked  every  working  day  since  July  17.  1850.  Such  a  record  of 
steady  labor  and  close  attention  to  business  is  probably  not  equaleil  here  or  elsewhere.  Its  reward  is  to  be  found  in  his  large  and  influential 
patronage,  and  in  the  esteem  and  confidence  in  which  he  is  held  by  his  fellow  men  in  the  great  business  world  at  home  and  abroad.  Mr. 
Steiger  is  the  only  American  citizen  who  has  been  decorated  by  two  foreign  sovereigns  for  services  rendered— tliat  is  to  say.  in  1873, 
Emperor  William,  of  Germany,  conferred  upon  him  the  '*  Order  of  the  Crown,"'— and  in  187ti  the  Emperor  of  Austria-Hungary  sent  Mr. 
Steiger  the  insignia  of  the  "  Order  of  Francis  Joseph." 


'M.l^  '^'^'■'^^^^^  BROS.,  WTiolesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  Coal,  Wood.  Lumber  and  Timber,  Office,  No.  79  Broad  Street,— Among  the 
/%/l  representative  merchants  engaged  in  the  coal  and  lumber  trade  in  the  metropolis  there  are  few,  if  any,  who  are  better  known  or 
/  1  stand  higher  in  commercial  and  maritime  circles  than  JlcCaldin  Bros.,  whose  New  York  office  is  located  at  No.  79  Broad  Street, 
•**■  -^  with  capacious  yard  on  Sullivan  Sti-eet,  between  Conover  and  Ferris  Streets.  Brooklyn.  This  euterprisiag  and  prosperous  firm, 
who  have  branch  yards  also  at  Venango  oil  yard,  Weehawken,  Standard  oil  yard,  Hunter's  Point;  foot  of  N.  Twelfth 
Street,  Williamsburg,  and  Bayonne.  N.  J.,  are  general  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  the  lines  above  indicated,  and,  altogether,  they  do  an 
immense  business,  the  total  annual  sales  reaching  a  very  handsome  figure.  The  Jlessrs.  McCaldin  own  and  run  five  tow  boats  and  two 
ocean  steamships,  likewise,  and  carry  at  all  times,  wood  afloat  in  lighters,  movable  at  short  notice.  They  make  a  specialty,  also,  of  su]iply- 
ing  '*  American  Ballast  Log,"  wliich.  chained  to  sides  of  vessels,  holds  the  same  in  position  when  being  towed  around  the  harbor,  the  logs, 
which  are  secured  perfectly  to  the  ship's  side. weighing  one  hundred  to  three  hundred  tons  each,  while  they  handle  some  5,000.000  feet  of  lum- 
ber annually  for  ceiling  and  lining  gi'ain  cargoes  and  fitting  up  box  stalls,  etc.,  on  shipboard,  for  cattle.  The  yard  space  occupied  altogether 
aggregates  ten  acres  and  an  enormous  stock  is  constantly  carried,  including  superior  grades  of  hard  and  soft  coal,  best  quality  hickory  and 
other  fire  wood,  sawed,  split  and  in  cords,  rough  and  dressed  lumber,  timber,  logs,  spars,  etc.,  and  a  large  force  of  help  are  regularly  em- 
ployed. A  number  of  teams  deliver  through  New  York.  Brooklyn  and  vicinity,  and  all  orders,  wholesale  or  retail,  receive  immediate  atten- 
tion, the  proprietors  exercising  close  personal  supervision  over  every  detail  of  the  business.  The  New  York  telephone  call  is  No.  396  Cortlandt, 
and  the  Brooklyn  call  No.  535.  and  communications  with  either  are  certain  of  prompt  response,  while  purchasers  of  this  popular  and  respon- 
sible firm  are  assured  of  getting  a  first-class  article  and  standard  weight  and  measure,  at  the  very  lowest  prices  consistent  with  quality  and 
quantity.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1805  by  William  J.  McCaldin.  who  conducted  the  same  up  to  1876,  when  the  present 
proprietors  assumed  control  and  have  since  continued  it  with  eminent  success.  Messrs.  James  and  Joseph  McCaldin,  the  individual  mem- 
bei*s  of  the  firm,  are  gentlemen  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  North  of  Ireland  men  by  birth,  but  residents  of  Brooklyn.  They  are  men  of  entire 
probity  of  character,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  enterprise,  and  are  active  and  respected  members  of  the  Maritime  and  the  Produce  Exchanges. 


146 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


EDWARD  E.  SPENCER  &  CO.,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Shoe  Store  Supplies,  No.  34  Warren  and  Nos.  l-W.  146  and 
—As  it  is  needless  to  observe,  the  phenomenal  growth  of  the  foot-wear  industry  in  this  country  during  the 
past  two  or  three  decades  has  created  a  corresponding  demand  for  shoe  machinery,  tools  and  supplies. 
The  branch  of  trade  devoted  to  the  wholesale  handling  of  these  and  kindred  articles  here  in  New  York  at 
the  present  day,  constitutes  a  department  of  business  activity  of  surpassing  importance,  and  affords  evidence 
Of  steady  and  substantial  increase.  Engaged  in  the  line  indicated,  there  are  in  this  city  a  nxmiber  of  big  firms, 
prominent  among  the  others  beingthat  of  Edward  E.  Spencer  &  Co.  (successors  to  Wm.  Buttei-fieldtt  Co.),  whose 
establishment  is  located  at  No.  34  Warren  and  Nos.  144.  14(5  and  148  Church  Streets.  They  are  manufacturers'  agents, 
importers  of  and  dealers  in  shoe  store  supplies,  shoe  machinery,  shoe  manufacturers'  goods,  findings,  etc.,  and 
their  trade,  which  is  very  large,  extends  throughout  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  being  particularly  heavy  in 
New  York  City  and  state.  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  This  representative  and  responsible  house  was  estab- 
lished in  1863  by  Butterfield.  Crosby  &  Haven,  who  were  succeeded  by  Wm.  Butterfield  &  Co.,  and  in  July,  1882, 
came  into  sole  control  of  the  senior  member  of  the  present  firm,  who  conducted  the  business  alone  up  to  Feb- 
ruary 1,  18.S7.  when  he  admitted  into  partnership  Edward  F.  Fanning  and  Wm.  C.  Butts,  and  under  the  style  of 
Edward  E.  Spencer  &  Co.,  it  has  since  been  continued  with  increased  success.  They  occupy  four  spacious  floors, 
and  carry  a  vast  and  varied  assortment,  while  an  efficient  staff  is  employed  in  the  concern,  in  addition  to  eight 
traveling  salesmen.  The  stock,  which  is  of  a  comprehensive  character  and  very  complete,  comprises  besides  shoe 
machinery  and  kindred  devices,  awls,  awl-hafts,  hammers,  rasps,  knives,  automatic  lifts,  drills,  files,  etc.;  also 
thread,  silk,  webbing,  wax,  sand  paper,  shaves,  toe  stretchers,  shanks,  buttons,  buckles,  bristles,  button  fasteners, 
button  hooks,  felt,  buck  and  crocheted  sHppers,  goring,  laces,  rosettes,  uppers,  pegs,  paste,  cement,  cut  soles, 
cork  insoles,  wool  and  leather  insoles,  lasts,  nails,  needles,  oil,  shoe  brackets,  serges,  shoe  holders,  infants'  shoes, 
soft  sole  shoes.  French  chalk,  over  gaiters,  size  sticks,  etc.,  etc.,  and  all  orders  for  the  trade  are  filled  in  the  most 
prompt  and  trustworthy  manner,  while  rock  bottom  prices  are  quoted,  special  inducements  being  offered  to  retail 
dealers,  and  every  article  sold  hei"e  is  fully  warranted.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  all  men  of  long  and  varied 
experience,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  enterprise,  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade,  and  prior  to 
acquiring  an  interest  in  this  flourishing  business  had  all  been  employed  in  the  house  for  a  number  of  years. 


148  Church  Streets. 


WILLIAMS  &  RICKERSON,  Wholesale  Shippers  and  Brokers  in  Hay,  Straw,  Oats.  Feed,  Etc.,  Nos.  52.  54  and  56  Harri.son  Street.— 
"  Nothing  succeeds  without  success,"  and  the  firm  of  Williams  &  Rickerson,  wholesale  shippers  and  brokers  in  hay,  straw,  oats, 
feed,  etc.,  won  marked  prosperity  early  in  its  career,  forty  years  ago,  and  thus  necessarily  advertised  itself  as  a  house  having 
within  itself  the  elements  of  success— the  ability  to  compete  favorably  with  all  rivals— and  succeeding  years  have  brought  a  con- 
sequent steady  development  that  has  culminated  in  the  yielding  to  the  famous  old  concern  a  position  of  uuchallenged  pre-emi- 
nence as  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  New  York,  so  far,  at  any  rate,  as  the  hay  department  is  concerneil.  The  house  was  founded  in  1849  by 
I.  B.  Williams  &  Bro.,  who  were  succeeded  in  1856  by  J.  L.  Williams  &  Co  ,  which  was  changed  to  Williams  &  Morrison  in  1861,  and  to  Wil- 
liams &  Rickerson  in  1873,  under  whieli  firm  name  the  house  has  greatly  extended  its  operations  and  solidified  the  confidence  already  gained 
by  many  years  of  honorable  and  liberal  dealing.  Mr.  Charles  L.  Rickerson  became  sole  owner  eleven  years  ago,  upon  the  decease  of  Mr.  Wil- 
liams, since  which  time  he  has,  while  rigidly  preserving  the  honorable  methods  which  contributed  so  much  to  its  old  time  prestige,  well 
maintained  its  reputation  also  for  alertness,  sound  discretion,  and  punctuality  in  meeting  all  its  engagements,  as  well  its  ability  to  procure 
supplies  on  a  large  scale  and  to  provide  such  produce  in  any  quantities  required  at  close,  inside  market  rates;  an  end  achieved  by  the  thor- 
ough and  economic  organization  of  all  the  affairs  of  the  business.  Hay,  straw,  etc.,  is  received  from  all  parts  of  the  central  eastern  states, 
and  sold  and  delivered  upon  the  docks  in  car  load  lots  or  smaller  quantities.  For  the  convenient  pursuit  of  a  business  of  this  kind  on  so 
extensive  a  scale  very  large  premises  are  necessary,  and  those  of  this  firm  are  of  gigantic  dimensions,  consisting  as  they  do  of  three  build- 
ings, each  of  five  floors,  and  each  25  x  100  feet  in  superficial  area.  Here  an  enormons  stock  is  at  all  times  carried  in  a  manner  specially 
adapted  to  rapid  handling;  the  premises  being  so  arranged  as  to  facilitate  this  in  the  highest  degree,  and  the  force  of  from  thirty  to  forty 
employees  engaged  are  well  trained  to  the  work  expected  of  them;  this  old  house  being  still  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  sources  of  sup- 
ply in  the  city.  Mr.  Charles  L.  Rickerson,  who  is  a  middle  aged  gentleman  of  New  York  birth,  prominent  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
and  the  Produce  and  3Iercantile  exchanges— of  which  he  is  a  member— is  widely  known  and  highly  respected  in  the  city  and  vicinity,  to 
which  his  trade  extends. 


GATE  CITY  STONE  FILTER  CO.,  No.  46  Murray  Street.— It  has  been  proven  beyond  doubt  that  typhoid  fever,  cholera,  diarrhea  and 
other  zymotic  diseases  are  chiefly  caused  by  drinking  impure  water.  Filters  can  therefore  be  considered  as  always  necessary.  The 
filters  manufactured  by  the  Gate  City  Stone  Filter  Company  are  endorsed  by  Boards  of  Health,  sanitary  associations,  physicians  and 
scientists,  as  the  best,  simplest  and  most  perfect  filter  made.  It  will  remove  all  sorts  of  larvae,  spawn  of  worms  or  insects,  and 
strange,  loathsome  animalculae,  and  renders  all  water  pure.  This  company  has  its  headquarters  at  No.  46  Murray  Street,  and  is  offi- 
cered and  managed  as  follows,  to  wit:  A.  de  Riestlial,  president;  G.  E.  de  Riesthal,  secretai-y  and  treasurer;  Alfred  Dahl,  general  manager. 
The  company  was  incorporated  in  July,  1885,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  enjoys  an  influential  patronage  from  all  parts  of 
the  cuunti-y.  They  own  extensive  mines  in  Missouri,  where  the  stone  is  quan-ied  and  cut  into  discs  for  filters,  and  where  in  the  mines  and 
factory  they  give  steady  employment  to  one  hundred  men.  These  stone  filters  are  simple  in  construction,  and  the  jars  that  hold  the  water  are 
made  of  hard  gray  stoneware  and  genuine  china.  The  filtering  medium  is  a  natural  stone  cut  into  discs  and  so  arranged  that  all  water  passes 
through  it  into  the  lower  jar  perfectly  pure.  This  filter  is  as  easilj'  cleansed  as  a  pitcher  or  water  pail.  There  are  two  jars,  upper  and  lower. 
The  upper  jar  holds  the  filter  stone  through  which  the  water  passes.  The  stone  is  firmly  cemented  into  the  bottom  of  the  upper  jar,  and  can  be 
washed  off  as  easily  as  the  bottom  of  an  ordinary  water  pail.  The  patent  ice  chamber  which  is  attachable  to  each  filter  fills  a  want  never  before 
supplied.  The  ice  does  not  mingle  with  the  filtered  water,  yet  it  is  cooled  to  the  temperature  of  cold  spring  water.  The  filters  and  stands  are 
warranted  the  most  perfect  on  the  market;  the  most  economical  in  use,  and  more  satisfactory  in  ajipearance  and  in  all  their  details  than  any 
other.  They  have  been  given  the  highest  awards  at  all  expositions,  and  are  offered  to  customers  at  exceedingly  low  prices,  when  their  superi- 
ority is  considered.  The  president  of  the  company.  Mr.  A.  de  Riesthal,  is  at  the  head  of  the  well-known  firm  of  A.  de  Riesthal  &  Co.,  the  best 
known  importers  of  china  and  glassware  in  this  city  at  No.  55  Murray  Street.  He  was  born  in  France  in  1831 ;  was  at  one  time  secretary  of  the 
extensive  railway  system  purchased  from  the  Austrian  government  by  French  capitalists.  He  established  his  business  in  this  city  in  1869. 
l\Ir.  Alfred  Dahl,  the  general  manager,  was  born  in  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  is  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  an  expert  and  successful  business 
man.  and  noteil  for  his  marked  executive  ability,  sound  judgment  and  progressive  methods. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  .   147 

BYRON  L.  STRASBURGER  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Watches,  No.  31  Jlaiilen  Lane,  Factory  at  Cliauxdefonds,  Switzerland. -Tlie  popular- 
ity of  a  house  like  this  is  a  safe  criterion  as  to  its  character,  for  favoritism  is  seldom  shown  in  matters  of  business  where  a  money 
consideration  is  involved.  In  ]«90,  Byron  L.  Strasburger  &  Co.,  .sold  over  one  hundred  thousand  watches  in  the  l-egular  line  of 
trade,  their  extensive  transactions  extending  from  .llaine  to  Oregon  and  are  among  the  most  enterprising  and  responsible  dealers  in  the 
country.  This  firm  not  only  impoi-t  but  make  sure  of  their  base  of  supplies  by  conducting  a  large  factory  in  Switzerland,  where  they 
have  a  perfectly  equipped  plant  and  employ  over  three  hundred  expert  workmen  in  the  manufacture  of  none  but  the  best  and  most  reliable 
watches  supplied  to  the  trade.  It  is  located  at  Chauxdetonds,  Switzerland,  and  its  workmen  are  selected  from  the  finest  in  a  country  that  has 
long  been  acknowledged  superior  to  all  others  in  the  watches  it  produced.  In  New  York,  their  store  room  and  office  at  No.  31  Maiden  Lane, 
evidences  the  prosperity,  enterprise  and  success  of  the  house.  At  its  head  is  Mr.  Strasburger,  a  young  New  Yorker  of  the  highest  business 
qualitications,  popular,  pushing  straightforward  and  reliable.  Here  is  carried  a  stock  worth  $^"00,000,  the  store  room  being  a  model  in  its 
arrangements  and  handsome  in  its  glittering  array  of  watches,  for  the  safe  keeping  of  which  six  large  sates  are  provided.  Here,  and  in  the 
attractive  office  adjacent,  eighteen  assistants  are  employed  and  all  the  extensive  atTairs  of  the  house  looked  after  with  the  precision,  punct- 
uality and  regard  for  patrons,  that  should  prevail  whei-e  such  large  interests  are  at  stake.  A  specialty  is  made  of  Swiss  watches  and  it  is 
only  just  to  the  house  to  say  that  none  better  in  quality  or  more  reasonable  in  price,  are  placed  upon  the  market.  Mr.  Strasburger  is  a  pop- 
ular business  man,  a  worthy  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M.  and  a  gentleman  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  important  position  he  occupies, 

SAMUEL  LOUIS  &  SON,  Fine  Woolens,  Nos.  254  and  S.)6  Canal  Street.— To  tailors  and  clothiers  in  all  parts  of  the  country  the  house 
of  '  Sam']  Louis  &  Son  '  is  one  that  has  been  long  and  favorably  known,  and  one,  moreover,  that  is  regarded  as  synonymous 
with  woolens  and  woolen  clothing  of  all  reliable  grades  at  rock  bottom  figures,  the  firm  having  very  large  and  frequent  consignments 
of  woolen  sent  to  it  from  the  best  sources  of  supply.  They  manufacture  suits,  pants,  etc.,  on  an  extensive  scale  in  a  style  which  com- 
bines good  workmanship,  with  correctness  of  cut  and  durable  material,  while  its  prices  are  notoriously  such  as  will  bear  the  closest 
comparison  with  those  generally  prevailing  for  similar  grades  of  goods.  This  famous  and  flourishing  house  was  established  by  the 
titular  head,  in  the  year  1870.  and  assmned  its  present  firm  name  in  188.3,  upon  the  admission  of  the  son,  Mr,  Charles  H.  Louis,  to  partner- 
ship. It  has  now  eight  traveling  salesmen  repi'esenting  its  interests  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  and  a  business  of  a  most  conmianding 
natui'e  is  influenced.  At  the  present  time  premises  are  occupied  at  Nos.  3i>4  and  2.56  Canal  Street,  whence  they  removed  last  spring  from 
No.  258  Canal  Street.  Their  business  having  increased  to  such  an  extent  they  were  obliged  to  seek  more  commodious  quai-ters.  Their  facili- 
ties now  are  complete  and  every  convenience  is  enjoyed  for  the  successful  transaction  of  business  upon  the  largest  scale.  The  commodious 
premises  are  filled  to  repletion  with  a  well  selected  and  comprehensive  stock,  while  seven  experienced  clerks  and  salesmen  assist  the  princi- 
pals in  coping  with  the  demands  upon  the  resources  of  the  establishment.  Of  the  two  respected  partners  Mr.  Samuel  Louis  is  a  native  of 
Germany,  and  his  son,  Mr.  Charles  H.  Louis,  of  California. 

BERGNER  &  ENGEL  BREWING  COMPANY,  New  York  Depot,  No.  T3  Broad  Street.— The  brewery  interest  is  ably  represented  at  the 
metropolis  by  the  Bergner  &  Engel  Brewing  Company,  of  Philadelphia,  whose  New  Y'ork  depot  is  at  No,  73  Broad  Street.  This  is. 
the  oldest  bi'ewery  in  the  United  States,  having  a  productive  capacity  of  500,000  barrels  per  year,  and  are  brewers  and  bottlers  of 
their  celebrated  "  Export  "  beer,  as  well  as  Tannhauser,  Culmbacher,  India  Pale  Ale,  Extra,  Double  Extra  and  Triple  Extra  Ales, 
Porter  and  Brown  Stout.  They  are  represented  in  New  York  by  Mr.  Alfred  Liebenstein,  who  has  been  their  manager  here  for  the 
past  few  years,  and  who  occupies  spacious  and  commodious  premises,  and  is  doing  a  flourishing  business.  The  beer  brewed  by  the  Bergner 
&  Engel  Brewing  Company  has  secured  a  wide  and  steadily  increasing  popularity  with  both  dealers  and  consumers,  and  its  purity,  flavor  and 
health-gi'ving  properties  are  everywhere  recognized  as  unsurpassed.  Only  the  choicest  Saazer  hops  and  West  Canada  barley  malt  are  used, 
carefully  selected  by  expert  hands,  and  in  the  process  of  production  the  full  strength  and  virtue  of  each  element  is  extracted,  and  resolved 
into  a  union  that  has  found  unusual  favor  with  connoisseurs  and  the  general  public.  The  greatest  care  is  taken  in  every 
detail  of  the  work,  the  best  and  latest  methods  are  employed,  and  such  principles  are  applied  in  the  manufacture 
as  long  experience  and  scientific  research  have  commended  and  appi-oved.  As  a  result,  their  export  lager  has 
attained  world-wide  fame,  and  was  given  the  only  grand  prizes  awarded  at  Paris  in  both  1878  and  1889;  also  two  high- 
est Centennial  Exposition  medals,  and  the  highest  award  at  Brussels,  in  1888.  Mr.  Liebenstein  sells  two  carloads  of 
beer  here  daily  in  the  season,  and  has  perfect  facilities  for  the  receipt,  storage  and  delivery  of  all  goods.  It  has 
always  been  the  policy  of  the  management  to  furnish  the  best  in  quality,  wholesomeness  and  general  excellence,  and 
the  estimation  in  which  the  product  is  held  at  home  and  abroad  gives  conclusive  proof  that  a  responsive  chord  has 
been  struck  in  the  popular  breast.  Mr.  Liebenstein.  the  manager,  is  a  native  of  the  United  States,  and  a  young  man  of 
large  business  experience,  wide  acquaintance  and  eminent  popularity.  In  liberality,  enterprise  and  keen  appreciation 
of  the  public  expectation  and  demand,  this  house  may  be  fairly  claimed  to  have  earned  the  respect,  support  and  con- 
fidence of  the  entire  community. 

rryLEX.  FRIES  &  BROS.,  Chemical  Works,  Manufacturers  of  Essences.  Ethers,  Oils,  Flavors.  Extracts,  Etc.,  No.  93  Reade  Street.— 
IM  An  unbroken  record  of  progress  extending  over  a  period  of  thirty-six  years  marks  the  history  of  the  widely  known  and  trustworthy 
A|  firm  whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  They  are  manufacturers  of  ethers,  oils,  essences,  flavors  and  extracts,  and  their  products  com- 
/  "*■  mand  an  immense  sale  throughout  the  United  States,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  of  excellence  at  which  they  are 
maintained.  The  preparations  of  the  Messrs.  Fries  are  compounds  of  exceptional  merit,  being  noted  for  purity,  strength  and  all 
other  desirable  features,  and  are  in  ^ride-spread  and  increasing  demand  in  the  trade.  They  are,  in  fact,  conceded  to  be  the  most  perfect, 
effective  and  altogether  superior  goods  for  the  purposes  intended  to-day  on  the  American  market,  and  of  the  superiority  thereof  certainly 
no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the  fact  that  the  highest  honors  were  awarded  to  the  chemical  works  of  Alex.  Fries  & 
Bros.,  at  the  following  international  exhibitions:  Paris,  1867;  American  Institute  Fair,  1867;  Vienna,  1873;  Cincinnati,  1870,  and  Philadelphia, 
1876.  The  works  of  the  firm,  which  are  located  at  Nos.  46,  48  and  50  E.  Second  Street,  Cincinnati,  O.,  had  inception  in  1855,  and  the  New 
Y'ork  house,  which  is  at  No.  92  Reade  Street,  was  established  the  same  year.  The  manufacturing  plant  covers  halt  a  block,  and  is  a  perfectly 
equipped  concern,  where  some  two  hundred  hands  are  employed.  They  manufacture  a  general  line  of  high  grade  essences,  flavors, 
extracts,  ethers  and  oils;  also  flavoring  compounds  for  cigars,  tobaccos,  etc.,  and  make  a  specialty  of  bead  oil  and  fine  liquor  flavors.  The 
premises  occupied  as  oflice  and  salesroom  on  Reade  Street,  this  city,  are  spacious,  commodious  and  well  appointed,  and  an  efficient  staff  ia 
here  employed,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Charles  Fries,  one  of  the  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  Alex,  and  Gustave  being  the  resident 
partners  in  Cincinnati.  All  orders  for  anything  in  the  hne  above  indicated  are  attended  to  in  the  most  prompt  and  reliable  manner,  and  the 
lowest  possible  prices  are  quoted,  the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade.  The  Messrs.  Fries  are  also  interested  in  the 
Springer  Torsion  Balance  Company,  manufacturers  of  fine  scales  and  balances  for  druggists,  jewelers,  etc.,  patented  in  America  and 
Europe,  with  factory  at  Nos.  147  and  149  Eighth  Street,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  and  whose  office  is  here  at  No.  92  Reade  Street,  in  the  same  quar- 
ters occupied  by  the  firm.  This  torsion  balance  has  no  knife  edge,  no  friction,  and  consequently  has  nothing  to  wear  out.  and  on  accoimt  of 
its  sensitiveness  down  weight  can  be  given  with  less  surplus  of  goods  than  is  possible  with  any  knife  edge  scale,  while  the  p-  ices  are  no 
higher  than  the  scales  alread,y  in  the  market. 


148  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  EMPIRE  SYRINGE  COMPANY,  William  Piatt,  General  Agent,  No.  40  Cortlandt  Street.— The  Empire  Syringe  Company,  whose 
office  is  located  at  No.  40  Cortlandt  Street,  fills  a  niche  in  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  medical  fraternity  and  of  the  gen- 
eral public  peculiarly  its  own.  This  company  are  deservedly  prominent  as  manufacturers  of  the  Improved  Fountain  Syringe 
and  Water  Bottles,  and  has  built  up  a  reputation  and  a  trade  thoroughly  national  in  extent,  and  eminently  creditable  in  char- 
acter. The  business  was  established  here  in  1878,  and  is  under  the  management  of  Mr.  WilUam  Piatt,  as  general  agent,  who  is 
thoroughly  posted  in  all  the  details  of  manufacture  and  the  requirements  of  the  public  in  thi.s  direction,  and  is  widely  popular  in  meet- 
ing every  demand  made  upon  his  resources.  The  Fountain  Syringe  and  water  bottles  manufactured  by  this  company  are  the  perfection 
of  utility  and  reliability,  and  commend  their  own  merits  at  once  to  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  critical  and  discriminating  buyers. 
The  water  bottles  are  made  solely  for  the  sick  room,  and  are  unequaled  for  all  medicinal  purposes.  The  improved  Fountain  Syringe 
is  universally  recommended  and  endorsed  by  the  medical  profession  and  all  who  have  used  it,  and  is  sold  at  a  very  low  figure.  A 
lady  is  in  attendance  at  the  office  of  the  company  to  wait  upon  lady  customers,  and  both  ladies  and  gentlemen  are  employed  as  trav- 
elers in  the  interest  of  the  company.  AU  orders  are  given  immediate  and  careful  attention,  and  the  wants  of  all  classes  of  customers 
are  ministered  to  with  eminent  success  and  satisfaction  in  every  instance.  The  busmess  is  in  a  thoroughly  healthy  and  flourishing  con- 
dition, and  the  management  will  be  found  enterprising,  painstaking  and  progressive  in  the  highest  degree.  Mr.  Piatt  is  an  experienced 
and  successful  business  man,  in  business  in  this  city  for  the  past  fifty  years,  and  known  and  honored  in  mercantile  and  medical  circles  for 
his  sound  judgment  and  strict  business  probity. 

VM.  HYNDMAN,  Mining  Lawyer,  No.  45  Broadway,  Room  No.  194.— The  gentleman  whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of  the  present 
sketch  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  sole  and  only  representative  of  the  legal  profession  in  New  York,  making  an  exclusive 
specialty  of  mining  law.  He  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  particular  line  indicated  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  has  built  up 
a  splendid  practice,  his  clientele,  which  is  at  once  large  and  influential,  extending  all  over  the  United  States.  Mr.  Hyndman, 
who  is  a  man  of  middle  age  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  has  resided  in  this  city  and  the  west  since  1871.  He  is  a  thoroughly 
competent  lawyer,  of  long  and  successful  experience,  being  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Law  School,  and  is  an  expert  in  matters  pertaining  to 
mines  and  mining  interests.  He  bears  a  highly  creditable  war  record,  too,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  Post  67,  Pennsylvania,  G.  A.  R., 
and  also  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  serving  throughout  the  four  years  of  the  "  late  unpleasantness."  He  enlisted  for  active  service  when  but 
eighteen  years  of  age,  and  shared  the  fortunes  of  the  Fourth  Pennsylvania  cavalry  from  1861  to  1865,  while  he  rose  from  the  rank  of  cor- 
poral to  that  of  major,  holding  the  commission  in  the  regiment  mentioned  for  two  years  prior  to  the  close  of  the  struggle.  Mr.  Hyndman, 
who  is  a  gentleman  of  the  highest  personal  integrity  as  well  as  of  legal  skill  and  ability,  has  his  office  at  No.  45  Broadway  (Room  No.  194),  and 
has  a  branch  office,  likewise,  at  Ketchum,  Idaho,  where  he  makes  a  professional  visit  every  summer.  He  is  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes 
of  business  comprehended  under  the  general  head  of  mining  law,  and  gives  expert  opinions  relative  to  claims,  titles,  etc.,  special  attention 
being  devoted  to  consultations,  while  United  States  mineral  lands  are  obtained,  claims  carefully  examined,  and  if  deemed  valid,  will  be  pros- 
ecuted to  a  successful  issue;  titles  to  western  mines  and  mining  property  are  secured  by  law,  and  kindred  interests  generally  are  protected; 
and  all  business  entrusted  to  Mr.  Hyndman  is  certain  to  be  handled  in  the  most  capable  and  trustworthy  manner. 

HUDSON  RIVER  STONE  SUPPLY  CO.,  Office,  No.  175  Broadway.— The  trade  in  broken  stone  for  concrete  sidewalks  and  general  grad- 
ing purposes  is  one  of  great  magnitude  and  importance  in  the  metropolis,  and  the  leading  representative  of  the  industry  is  the  Hudson 
River  Stone  Supply  Co.,  whose  main  office  is  located  at  No.  175  Broadway,  with  works  at  Storm  King  and  New  Hamburg,  N.  Y.  This 
company  was  organized  in  March,  1890,  and  is  officered  and  managed  as  follows,  viz.:  Hon.  James  W.  Husted,  president;  C.  M. 
Wicker,  vice-president;  W.  C.  Andrews,  treasurer;  C.  L.  Horton,  secretary ;  M.J.  Dady,  manager.  The  works  are  equipped  with  every- 
thing in  the  line  of  stone  quarrying,  crushing  and  transporting  machinery,  and  also  for  prompt  deUvery  of  supplies  by  rail  or  by  boat  to  any 
docks  or  navigable  waters  of  the  Hudson  River,  or  in  and  around  New  York  City.  Unsurpassed  facilities  are  possessed  for  guaranteeing  the 
speedy  and  satisfactory  fulfillment  of  the  largest  orders  and  contracts.  The  company  is  prepared  to  furnish  everything  in  the  line  of  broken 
stone,  in  any  size  or  quantity  desired,  for  railway  ballast,  streets,  foundations,  sidewalks  or  grading  purposes ;  as  they  are  owners  of  large  quar- 
ries at  the  works,  and  employ  an  army  of  workmen  at  all  times,  that  no  delay  may  be  experienced  in  meeting  every  demand  of  the  trade.  The 
lowest  figures  are  given  on  all  contracts.  Broken  stone  is  coming  into  general  use,  and  the  business  is  rapidly  developing  to  proportions  of 
gratifying  importance  on  the  basis  of  reliable  supplies  and  efficient  service.  The  reputation  already  acquired  by  the  company  for  superior 
quaUty  and  reliability,  entitles  it  to  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  general  public,  and  assures  its  future  success  and  permanent  prosperity. 
The  president  is  known  all  over  the  country  as  Speaker  Husted,  having  presided  over  the  New  York  Assembly  for  a  number  of  terms, 
and  is  at  present  a  member  from  Westchester  County.  The  ^^ce-president,  Mr.  Wicker,  is  a  well-known  New  Yorker,  a  railroad  con- 
structor, president  of  the  Zanesville  &  Ohio  and  the  Fort  Worth  railways,  and  manager  of  the  railroad  department  of  H.  B.  Holhns  &  Co. 
The  treasurer,  Mr.  Andrews,  is  president  of  the  New  York  Steam  Co.,  and  is  prominent  in  New  York  business  circles.  The  secretary,  Mr. 
Horton,  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  H.  B.  Hollins  &  Co.  of  this  city,  and  an  efficient  and  popular  officer.  The  assistant  secretary,  Mr.  F.  E. 
Southard  is,  however,  the  active  man  in  charge  of  the  company's  offices  and  a  well-known  resident  of  Peekskill.  The  manager,  Mr,  Dady,  is 
a  leading  contractor  and  builder  in  Brooklyn,  vice-president  of  the  North  &  East  Railway,  and  is  promoting  the  interests  of  this  new  enter- 
prise with  energy,  discrimination  and  decided  success. 

THE  GIBBONS  SUPER-HEATING  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Newly  Patented  Appliances  For  Heating  and  Cooking  with  Gas,  Nos.  140-142 
Chambers  Street.— In  very  few  departments  of  manufacture  have  there  been  greater  improvements  during  the  past  quarter  of  a 
century  than  in  heaters,  resulting  in  the  greatest  amount  of  comfort  from  the  least  consumption.  A  recently  established  and  des- 
tined to  become  popular  company  in  New  York  is  The  Gibbons  Super-Heating  Co.,  manufacturers  of  newly  patented  appliances  for 
heating  and  cooking  with  gas,  located  at  Nos.  140-142  Chambers  Street.  This  company  was  founded  and  duly  incorporated  under 
the  laws  of  New  Jersey  in  1889.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  four  floors  and  a  basement  at  No.  140  Chambers  Street,  and  the  foin-th  floor 
of  No.  142,  Constant  employment  is  furnished  a  large  force  of  help,  and  their  trade  is  rapidly  increasing  as  this  new  and  wonderful  invention 
becomes  known.  This  apparatus  ensures  rapid  service  in  cooking,  is  economical,  cleanly  and  convenient.  By  this  method  articles  cooked 
are  of  superior  flavor  because  all  the  juice  of  the  meat  is  retained.  Besides  retaining  the  juice  of  the  meats  the  rendings  are  also  saved  in  a 
pure  condition,  which  is  not  the  case  over  coals;  cheapness  is  likewise  one  of  its  principal  recommendations.  It  is  aperfect  broiler  in  respect 
to  construction,  utilizing  super-heated  air  and  thus  producing  perfect  combustion,  as  well  as  intensifying  the  heat.  By  its  use  steaks  are 
broiled  in  three  and  one-half  to  five  minutes,  chops  are  broiled  in  the  same  length  of  time,  chickens  in  from  three  to  four  minutes,  and  all 
other  kinds  of  meat  and  game  in  proportion.  It  is  now  in  use  in  many  leading  hotels  and  restaurants  in  the  city,  and  is  giving  great  satis- 
faction. Those  who  have  the  apparatus  in  use  are  most  enthusiastic  in  commending  it,  and  consider  it  the  greatest  invention  of  the  kind  yet 
patented.  Jlr.  Chas.  M.  Bromeisler,  the  president  of  the  company,  is  a  native  of  New  York  City  and  is  at  the  head  of  a  large  wholesale 
liquor  house  in  the  city.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Wholesale  Liquor  Dealers'  Association.  Mr.  Jas,  Gibbons,  the  superintendent,  is  a 
native  of  England,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  about  twenty  years,  and  is  the  patentee  of  the  company's  aptiliances.  He  was  for- 
merly with  The  Goodwin  Gas  and  Meter  Co,  for  thirteen  years.  The  company  are  preparing  to  manufacture  more  new  appliances,  hoping- 
to  meet  with  as  great  success  in  the  future  as  they  have  achieved  in  the  past. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


149 


BROWN  &  SEWARD,  Patents,  Nos.  201  and  263  Broadway,  Corner  of  Warren  Street,  Rooms  Nos.  20,  21  and  2i  —The  firm  of  MessKS. 
Brown  &  Seward,  at  Nos.  261  and  263  Broadway,  corner  of  Warren  Street,  offer  the  best  possible  facilities  to  all  desiring  to  procure 
strong  and  valid  letters  patent,  or  requiring  any  investigations  in  connection  therewith.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  prac- 
tice of  patent  law  in  the  city,  and  with  one  exception  has  the  most  extensive  business,  and  is  known  and  honored  throughout  the 
country*  as  one  of  the  most  eminent  and  successful.  It  was  established  in  1864,  by  Messrs.  Brown,  Coombs  &  Co.,  who  were  suc- 
ceeded by  Brown  &  Brown,  Brown  &  Allen,  Brown  &  Hall,  and  in  1890  by  the  present  firm.  Their  practice  relates  to  the  preparation  and 
prosecution  of  applications  for  letters  patent,  trade-marks,  design  patents,  re-issues  of  defective  patents,  labels  and  copyrights,  including 
the  filing  of  specifications,  drawings,  caveats,  assignments,  and  other  necessary  papers;  the  making  of  preliminary  examinations  as  to  the 
patentability  of  an  invention,  searches  rn  the  records  of  the  office,  and  investigations  as  to  the  scope  and  validity  of  patents;  opinions  as  to 
infringements,  renewal  of  forfeited  applications,  and  attending  to  cases  in  interference,  upon  appeal  and  before  the  courts;  besides  acting 
as  experts  in  patent  causes,  procuring  patents  in  foreign  countries,  and  counseling  at  all  stages  on  exclusive  rights.  Inventors  can  always 
obtain  free  advice  from  this  firm  in  regard  to  the  novelty  of  any  device,  and  by  putting  the  main  points  of  their  invention  clearly  before 
them  can  expect  a  prompt  response,  often  by  return  mail.  It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that,  by  constant  attention  to  pending  cases,  a  larger 
proportion  of  applications  have  been  brought  to  a  successful  and  speedy  issue  by  this  house  than  by  almost  any  other  ageney  doing  a  patent 
business.  They  have  covered  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  have  secured  many  important  and  valuable  patents  in  a  prompt  and  efficient 
manner  that  gives  entire  satisfaction  to  their  clients,  and  at  the  same  time  proves  the  superiority  of  their  facilities,  and  their  eminent  fitness 
for  the  work.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  prosecution  of  applications  for  patents  which  have  been  rejected  in  the  hands  of  other  attor- 
neys, and  a  fully  equipped  branch  office  is  operated  by  this  firm  at  No.  930  F  Street.  N.  W.  Washington,  D.  C.  through  which  they  are  in  con- 
stant personal  communication,  with  the  several  examiners  and  patent  office  tribunals  to  expedite  thair  work.  Inventors  and  others  inter- 
ested should  send  to  this  firm  for  their  pamphlet  of  hints  on  obtaining  patents  here  and  abroad,  and  their  publication  of  "'507  mechanical 
movements."  The  senior  member  of  this  firm.  Mr.  Henry  T.  Brown,  is  a  native  of  England,  who  has  resided  in  this  country  for  some  forty- 
five  years.  He  is  on^  of  the  oldest  aud  best  known  patent  solicitors  in  the  United  States,  having  been  in  continuous  practice  as  an  attorney 
and  expert  for  over  forty  years.  He  was  twelve  years  senior  editor  of  the  "  American  Artisan,"  and  is  the  most  experienced  practitioner  in 
patents  in  this  section  of  the  country.  Mr.  Edward  C.  Seward  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  has  had  twenty  years'  practical  experience  as  a 
mechanical  engineer  and  expert.  He  graduated  from  Yale  in  1869,  taking  a  special  course  as  a  Mechanical  Engineer,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1880,  where  he  became  noted  as  an  expert  in  patent  causes.  He  now  combines  his 
energy,  vigor  and  skill  with  the  ripe  experience  of  Mr.  Brown  to  form  a  firm  of  commanding  influence  and  solid  worth. 


SI  t  <  PC  ^ 


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CoENTiES  Sup  \sd  Elevated  Railroad. 


150  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

GEO.  F.*  BLAKE  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Nos.  95  and  97  Liberty  Street,  No.  Ill  Federal  Street,  Boston,  No.  535  Arch  Street.  Philadel- 
phia.—Great  improvements  have  latterly  been  made  in  this  country  in  the  production  of  steam  pumps  for  all  kinds  of  service. 
Skill  and  science  have  been  utilized  to  the  utmost,  and  yet  among  the  multitude  of  manufacturers  it  is  well  to  pause  and  endeavor 
to  weigh  the  comparative  merits  of  the  various  styles  and  select  upon  a  critical  basis  of  merit.  Some  of  the  concerns  engaged  in 
this  line,  whose  advertisnieuts  are  sown  broadcast,  have  been  unable  to  maintain  the  market  their  ambitions  would  fill.  The  reason 
is  apparent  when  their  macliines  break  down,  speedily  need  repairs  or  prove  inadequate  to  the  work  demanded  of  them.  There  are  some 
old  estabhshed  houses,  however,  that  have  achieved  a  solid  reputation  for  the  superiority  of  their  pumps  and  full}-  live  up  to  it.  Such  a 
house  is  that  of  the  Geo.  F.  Blake  Manufacturing  Co.,  proprietors  and  builders  of  Blake's  Improved  Steam  pumps  and  pumping  engines, 
with  works  at  East  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  salesrooms  at  New  York,  Boston  and  Philadelphia.  Founded  upon  a  substantial  basis  of  skill, 
energy  and  integrity,  this  business  has  had  a  remarkable  growth,  and  the  company  is  one  of  the  best  illustrations  of  industrial  progress  iu 
the  state.  The  New  York  office  was  opened  in  187:3,  and  is  eligibly  located  at  Nos.  95  and  97  Liberty  Street.  Here  is  at  all  times  displayed  a 
large  and  complete  stock  of  those  superior  specialties  which  have  made  the  name  of  Blake  famous  the  world  over.  Special  attention  is 
called  to  the  many  new  and  valuable  improvements  that  have  been  introduced  by  this  company,  including  their  improved  noiseless  and 
adjustable  valve  motion,  which  together  with  new  designs  and  patterns,  the  use  of  materials  of  the  best  quality,  and  the  ingenious  and 
simple  arrangement  of  positive  steam  valves,  etc.,  makes  »he  Blake  pump,  without  doubt,  the  best  steam  pump  in  the  market.  Having  the 
largest  and  most  complete  works  in  the  business,  amply  supplied  with  machinery  especially  designed  for  their  use.  this  company  are 
enabled  to  produce  the  finest  class  of  work  with  greatest  precision  and  dispatch.  They  have  more  steam  pumps  in  use  than  any  other  man- 
ufacturer, and  their  experience  in  designing,  building  and  adapting  hydrauhc  machinery  is  second  to  none,  in  this  or  any  foreign  country. 
Their  pumps  have  been  adopted  by  the  largest  steam  engine  and  steamship  builders  and  are  used  by  the  Naval  Departments  of  the 
Unit<:id  States,  English  and  Russian  Governments.  They  have  also  many  pumping  engines  in  operation  iu  town  and  city  water  works,  also 
in  mines  of  the  largest  coal  and  iron  companies,  and  on  the  extensive  pipe  lines  of  the  oil  regions  of  America  and  Russia.  They  claim  the 
Blake  Pump  as  the  standard  steam  pump,  having  been  fully  recognized  as  such,  as  their  extensive  and  increasing  sales  testify.  It  lias  been 
pronounced  by  mechanical  experts  and  engineers  to  be  the  best  steam  pump  for  the  following  reasons,  viz:  It  is  simple  in  construction, 
positive  under  any  pressure,  operated  by  the  common  slide  valve,  durable  and  well  arranged  in  all  its  parts,  made  from  improved  designs 
and  new  patterns,  of  the  best  materials  and  in  the  most  workmanlike  manner;  arranged  with  large  valve  areas,  free  water  passages  and 
large  ports;  will  start  at  any  point  of  stroke  and  discharge  the  water  of  condensation;  will  not  break  down  when  suddenly  started,  as  in  the 
case  of  an  alarm  of  fire;  will  run  at  speed,  slower  or  faster,  than  any  steam  pump  of  same  dimensions;  will  pump  all  kinds  of  liquids,  hot  or 
cold,  thick  or  thin,  clear  or  gritty,  and  varying  in  sj^ecific  gravity  from  alcohol  to  white  lead ;  it  is  economical  in  its  operation,  requiring  less 
steam  for  a  given  amount  of  work  than  any  other  steam  pump  to  be  found  in  tlie  market;  is  interchangeable  in  all  its  working  parts,  will 
work  without  shock  or  vibration,  and  can  be  operated  with  water  or  air  pressure  as  well  as  steam,  an  important  feature  in  case  of  being  sub- 
merged or  "  drowned  out,"  as  is  often  the  case  in  mines,  etc.  The  output  of  this  company  includes  steam  pumps  for  every  possible  service, 
such  as  boiler  feed  pumps,  niiirine  air  pumps,  mining  pumps,  wrecking  pumps,  special  fire  pumps,  tannei-y  pumps,  oil  refining  pumps,  oil 
line  pumps,  bi*ewers'  pumps,  low  pressure  pumps,  air  compressors,  combined  boiler  and  pump,  gas  works  pumps,  acid  pumps,  elevator 
pumps,  blowing  pumps,  sugar  house  pumps,  plantation  pumps,  locomotive  pumps,  drainage  and  irrigating  pumps,  duplex  pumps,  water 
works  pumps,  power  pumps,  sewage  pumps,  exhausters,  bleaching  pumps,  quarry  pumps,  distillery  pumps,  deep  well  pumps,  artesian  well 
pumps,  vacuum  punq>s,  compouml  pumping  engines,  combined  vacuum  and  water  pumps,  independent  air  pumps  and  condensers,  tank  or 
light  service  pumps,  marine  circulating  pumps,  air  pumps  for  acids,  combined  air  and  circulating  pumps,  etc.,  ete.  Every  pump  is  thor- 
oughly tested  before  shipment  and  fully  warranted  by  thfs  company.  The  best  of  material  only  is  employed,  and  every  part  is  fashioned 
and  put  together  with  the  greatest  accuracy  and  care.  The  prices  are  at  bed  rock,  and,  quality  considered,  are  the  cheapest  quoted  by  any 
pump  works  in  the  land.  Possessed  of  sterling  enterprise,  alert  to  meet  the  most  exacting  requirements  of  patrons,  and  manifesting  a 
determination  to  maintain  their  products  in  the  van  of  the  market,  this  enterprising  company  are  reaping  their  reward  in  a  renewed  season 
of  prosperity,  arid  are  selling  their  pumps  and  pumping  engines  in  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  Prospective  buyers  should  write  to  this 
company  for  their  valuable  catalogue,  as  they  can  save  money  and  obtain  better  service  through  this  reliable  and  popular  house  than  by 
dealing  with  any  other  in  the  country. 


RAYLOR  &  FLACK,  Hardware  Manufacturers'  Agents,  Nos.  121  Chambers  and  103  Read e  Streets.— Although  a  comparatively  young 
firm,  Naylor  &  Flack,  hardware  manufacturers'  agents,  of  Nos.  121  Chambers  and  103  Reade  Streets,  have  already  attained  a  place  in 
the  fore  front  rank  in  their  line.  They  have  been  established  only  since  June  1, 1890,  and  have  built  up  a  wide-spread  and  substan- 
tial business  connection,  selling  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States,  while  their  transactions  through  export  merchants  reach 
considerable  proportions,  likewise.  The  secret  of  Messrs.  Naylor  and  Flack's  prosperity  is  not  far  to  seek,  however.  Representing 
a  number  of  big  manufacturers  whose  productions  are  goods  of  standard  repute,  prompt  and  thoroughly  reliable  in  executing  orders,  and 
withal  offering  exceptionally  liberal  inducements  to  dealers,  these  gentlemen,  who  are  both  fully  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade, 
have  been  enabled  to  achieve  the  unequivocal  success  that  has  attended  their  well-directed  efforts.  They  occupy  as  office  and  salesroom  the 
whole  of  a  25  x  180  (second)  floor,  neatly  appointed  and  well  ordered,  and  employ  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen,  with  several  rep- 
resentatives on  the  road  besides,  and  give  close-attention  themselves  to  every  detail  of  the  business.  The  firm  represent  the  following 
manufacturers;  Norwich  Lock  Manufacturing  Company  of  Norwich,  Conn.;  Binghamton  Wire  Goods  Company;  the  Bellaire  Stamping  Com- 
pany; the  Champion  Safety  Lock  Company;  the  Diamond  Tack  and  Nail  Company;  the  Franklin  Brass  Company;  the  Massachusetts 
Screw  Company;  the  Winchester  Handle  Manufacturing  Company;  farming  tool  handles,  hoes,  rakes,  forks,  shovels,  spades,  etc..  the  John 
M.  Waddell  Manufacturing  Company,  improved  coffee  millls  and  "  Surprise  "  rat  traps;  the  Ossawau  Mills  Company,  braided  wire  picture 
cord,  tinned  and  annealed  flower  wire,  porcelain  and  brass  head  picture  nails,  ete.;  also  R.  J.  Baker  &  Co..  "  Excelsior"  and  "Artisan  "'  flint 
paper:  L.  I.  Hull,  tea,  wateh,  dial,  and  even  balance  scales,  tool  sets,  etc.;  W.  Haskell  King,  mortise  door  bolts,  iron  and  bronze  metal  sash 
supports  and  locks,  bit,  gauges,  etc. ;  Newhall  &  Stebbins.  lawn  mowers;  Sengenbaugh  &  Ives.  Ives'  patent  parlor  door  hangers,  and  Starr 
Bros.  Bell  Company,  gong  and  house  bells,  trip  gongs,  mechanical  door  bells.  They  carry  on  hand  always  a  large  and  complete  stock  of 
everything  in  the  lines  indicated,  also  a  full  assortment  of  Japanned  shelf  brackets,  rubber  tipped  door  stops,  brass  sliding  door  rail,  etc., 
brass  and  bronze  articles,  and  a  multifarious  collection  of  everything  comjiirehended  in  builders'  fine  hardware,  and  can  fill  the  largest  orders 
at  short  notice.  The  firm,  who  enjoy  exceptional  advantages,  quote  rock-bottom  figures— manufacturers'  prices— and  will  be  pleased  to  fur- 
nish catalogues  and  price  lists  upon  application,  while  communications  by  telephone  (call  No.  "4889  Cortlandt")  receive  prompt 
response,  aad  relations  once  established  with  this  progressive  and  responsible  house  are  reasonably  certain  to  lead  to  an  enduring  business 
connection.  Messrs.  Charles  H.  Naylor  and  Charles  L.  Flack,  the  individual  members  of  the  firm,  are  gentlemen  in  the  prime  of  life,  and 
New  Yorkers  by  acclimatization.  They  are  men  of  energy  and  enterprise,  and  of  thorough  experience,  well  and  favorably  known  in  the 
trade,  and  are,  iu  a  word,  well  endowed  with  the  qualities  that  bespeak  success  in  the  commercial  world.  The  firm  has  a  branch  also  In  Bal- 
timore, at  No.  14  West  German  Street,  where  a  very  active  business  is  done. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  151 

BERGSTEIN  &  SON,  ManufacturiuK  Jewelers,  and  Importers  of  Diamonds,  No.  20  John  Street.— Thirty-six  years  of  trading  as  manu- 
facturing jewelers  and  importers,  with  an  unbroken  record  for  high  quality  of  workmanship,  unrivaled  skill  in  technical  details,  and 
unexcelled  integrity  of  purpose  has  secured  to  the  tirm  of  Jlessrs.  Bergstein  &  Son  a  position  of  commanding  prominence  in  its  line 
of  business,  and  a  connection  remarkable  for  its  fti-m  and  constant  aliaclmient  to  the  house.  Geographically,  the  extent  of  that  con- 
nection reaches  from  one  end  of  the  country  to  the  other,  while  pecuniarily  its  extent  is  represented  by  the  regular  employment  of 
thirty  artisans  in  the  firm's  commodious  and  excellently  equipped  shops.  In  these  shops,  where  all  the  best  appliances  known  to  the  trade 
are  provided,  the  expert  workmen  are  engaged  in  the  fashioning  of  a  great  variety  of  jewelry,  but  the  kind  of  goods  for  which  the  establish- 
ment is  most  famed  is  that  of  small  chased  jewelry,  ladies'  chains,  etc.,  articles  in  the  former  category,  which  are  sent  out  by  the  house, 
being  in  many  cases  very  highly  esteemed  for  the  newness  and  beauty  of  the  designs,  which  are  of  its  own  creation.  From  this  it  will  be 
inferred  that  the  trade  done  is  of  the  highest  class,  and  such  indeed  is  the  fact,  and  the  neat  offices  of  Jlessrs.  Bergstein  &  Son,  at  No.  20  John 
Street,  upstairs,  are  the  center  from  which  emanates  a  very  appreciable  share  of  the  finest  jewelry  worn  by  American  ladies  in  all  parts  of 
tlie  land.  The  partnere  are  Mr.  A.  Bergstein,  an  elderly  gentleman  of  German  birth,  who  has  lived  in  the  United  States  for  forty-four  years, 
and  to  whom  tiie  fouudatioQ  of  this  old  and  well-tried  business  is  due;  and  Mr.  F.  W.  Bergstein,  his  son,  who  was  born  in  tlie  United  States, 
and  upon  whom  now  devolves  much  of  the  responsibility  of  the  concern's  undertakings,  responsibility  which  patrons  have  discovered  that 
he  is  prepared  to  accept  and  to  discharge  with  credit  to  the  house,  and  perfect  satisfaction  to  themselves. 

-|-^  USTIC  MANUFACTURING  &  CONSTRUCTION  COMPANY,  No.  29  Fulton  Street.^An  historical  review  of  the  great  mercantile  and 
M^  manufacturing  interests  of  New  York  City  would  be  incomplete  without  special  mention  of  the  Rustic  Manufacturing  &  Construction 
I  \  Company  whose  spacious  factory  and  salesroom  are  located  at  No.  29  Fulton  Street;  New  York.  This  flourishing  business  was  estab- 
■*•  V  lished  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Pinkney  in  1875  and  was  duly  incorporated  under  the  sta.te  laws  of  New  York  in  1883.  The  premises  occupied 
comprise  three  floors,  25  x  50  feet  in  dimensions.  The  plant  of  machinery  is  complete  and  very  valuable,  embracing  all  the  late  and 
improved  labor-saving  devices  and  appliances.  A  large  force  of  help  is  employed  and  the  range  of  manufacture  embraces  house,  lawn  and 
veranda  furniture,  florists"  baskets  and  rustic  work  of  every  description,  special  attention  being  given  to  the  construction  of  summer  houses, 
bridges,  fences,  arboi-s,  gateways,  etc.  A  large  trade  has  been  established  which  extends  all  over  the  United  States,  and  a  large  export  trade 
has  also  been  established  which  is  constantly  increasing.  Goods  are  made  here  to  order  and  the  house  is  a  leader  in  all  that  is  artistic,  beauti- 
ful and  useful  in  its  special  field.  The  amount  of  business  done  by  the  company  is  about  $20,000  per  year.  The  rustic  work  of  this  company  is 
very  attractive  and  is  well  made.  The  chairs  and  settees  are  very  ornamental  and  convenient  for  lawn  tennis  grounds,  lawns  and  cemeteries 
anA  are  durable  and  varnished  with  outside  varnish.  Parties  at  a  distance  can  order  goods  by  description  or  by  number  only  and  have  the 
work  sent  by  express  C.  O.  D.,  or  the  work  can  be  securely  packed  and  sent  as  freight.  Catalogues  furnished  on  application.  Mr.  Pinkney, 
the  president  of  the  company,  is  a  native  of  New  York,  an  enterprising,  energetic  business  man,  and  is  highly  respected  for  his  ability  and 
lionorable  business  methods. 

T^  OTHBARTH  &  SONS,  American  and  Bavarian  Hop  Merchants,  No  35  Pearl  Street.— In  detailing  all  the  industrial  and  commercial 
M^  resources  of  New  York,  we  find  that  a  most  important  field  of  enterprise  is  occupied  by  the  importers,  exporters  and  general  whole- 
fl\  sale  dealers  in  hops.  The  trade  have  their  own  exchange  here,  and  their  aggregate  operations  form  an  important  factor  in  the  gen- 
■*"  V  eral  advancements  of  the  country's  growth  and  prosperity.  New  York  is  the  head  center  of  the  trade  in  the  United  States,  and 
many  important  foreign  houses  in  the  industry  are  represented.  One  of  the  foremost  of  these  is  that  of  Messrs.  Rothbarth  &  Sons, 
whose  headquarters  are  at  Frankfort-on-t he-Main,  Germany,  whose  English  branch  is  at  No.  3  Hop  Exchange,  London,  S.  E.,  and  tlieir  New 
York  house  at  No.  35  Pearl  Street.  This  house  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Germany  in  the  hop  trade,  having  been  founded  in  1825.  and  its  reputa- 
tion is  world  wide.  The  branch  in  this  city  was  established  in  1882,  and  has  been  conducted  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Hugh  F.  Fox  for 
the  past  three  years.  Mr.  Fox  has  been  employed  with  Rothbarth  &,  Sons  in  New  York  since  1882,  and  he  is  thoroughly  posted  iu  all  the 
requirements  of  the  trade.  He  came  to  New  York  in  1882.  from  his  native  place,  London.  Eng.,  and,  while  one  of  the  youngest,  is  also  one 
of  the  most  prominent  hop  men.  He  is  secretary' of  the  Hop  Exchange,  also  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Statistics,  and  the  campaign  on 
behalf  of  hop  importers  against  the  duty  on  hops,  was  conducted  by  him,  and  with  satisfactory  results.  The  premises  occupied  here  for  the 
purposes  of  the  business  comprise  three  30  x  100  feet  floors,  excellently  appointed,  and  a  large  stock  is  at  all  times  carried  of  American  and 
Bavarian  hops,  from  which  orders  are  filled  at  shortest  notice.  Some  four  thousand  bales  of  hops  are  handled  annually  here,  while  iu 
Europe  the  firm  dispose  of  a  still  larger  quantity.  Only  superior  quality  goods  are  handled,  and  the  resources  of  the  house  enable  it  to  meet 
all  the  demands  of  the  trade  upon  the  most  acceptable  terms. 

'W'-^NIFFIN  &  TOOKER,  Importers  of  Hotel  China  and  Glassware,  No.  48  Murray  Street.— Most  of  the  productions  in  china  and  cut  glass 
ly  in  recent  years  have  been  distinctly  artistic.  And  these  remarks  apply  equally  as  to  beauty  of  design  and  general  character  of  work- 
m\  manship,  the  decorations  and  engravings  on  modern  high  grade  hotel  ware  being  a  veritable  triumph  of  art.  The  display  in  a  lead- 
V  ing  New  York  establishment,  devoted  to  the  sale  of  the  class  of  goods  indicated  is  something  unequaled,  and  right  here,  attention  is 
naturally  directed  to  the  spacious  and  attractive  establishment  of  Kniffin  &  Tooker,  No.  48  Murray  Street,  where  is  shown  an  exceed- 
ingly fine  assortment  of  everything  in  the  line  above  mentioned,  including  a  number  of  new  and  exclusive  novelties  in  hotel  sundries.  The 
firm,  which  is  in  all  respects  a  representative  one,  are  importers  of  hotel  china  and  glassware;  also  dealers  in  American  ware,  and 
maintain  a  reputation  for  quality  of  goods  and  equitable  dealing,  second  to  none  in  their  line  in  this  city.  They  receive  direct  from  the  fore- 
most pottery  and  glass  centers  of  England,  France.  Belgium,  Austria  and  other  European  countries,  handling  only  first-class  productions, 
and  the  trade  of  the  house,  which  is  of  a  most  substantial  character,  extends  all  over  the  United  States.  This  enterprising  firm  was  estab- 
lished in  1882,  and  its  career  during  the  nine  yeax's  since  intervening  has  been  an  unbroken  record  of  progress.  They  occupy  as  office  and 
large  salesroom  a  ground  floor,  with  ample  storage  facilities  elsewhere,  and  the  premises  are  neatly  fitted  up  and  tastefully  arranged,  every- 
thing about  the  place  bespeaking  order  and  admirable  management.  A  dozen  or  more  clerks,  salesmen  and  porters  are  employed  in  the 
establishment,  and  all  orders  are  carefully  and  promptly  packed  and  shipped,  the  proprietoi*s  giving  close  personal  attention  to  every  detail 
of  the  business.  The  stock,  which  is  at  once  very  large  and  complete,  embraces  exquisite  imported  china  tea  and  dinner  sets,  elegant  sepa- 
rate china  pieces,  including  handsomely  decorated  pitchers,  cream  ewers,  dishes,  etc.,  delicate  porcelains,  vases  and  kindred  art  pottery; 
also  richly  and  artistically  carved  and  engraved  hotel  and  cafe  glassware  of  every  description,  and  hotel  sundries  in  quite  a  variety,  while 
designs  of  decorations  and  engravings  are  furnished  likewise,  on  application.  Every  article  sold  by  this  responsible  firm  is  fully  warranted, 
and  their  prices  are  invariably  rock  bottom  figures,  the  terms  quoted  to  hotels,  clubs,  railway  companies,  etc.,  being  unusually  favorable, 
and  customers  of  this  progressive  concern  can  feel  assured  of  always  getting  liberal  and  honorable  treatment.  Messrs.  T.  B.  Kniffln  and  G. 
W.  Tooker,  the  proprietors,  are  both  gentlemen  of  middle  age,  and  New  Yorkers  by  birth.  They  are  men  of  ample  experience,  of  energy 
and  enterprise,  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade,  and  maintain  an  enviable  standing  in  mercantile  life. 


152 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


-LLINOIS  WATCH  COMiWKY,  Eastern  Office,  Corbin  BuUdiuK.  Broadway  and  John  Streets.-Of  the  large  and  notoriously  eminent 

industrial  and  trading  concerns,  in  vai-ious  parts  ot  the  country,  which  conduct  a  considerable  part  of  their  business  through  offices  in 

this  city,  there  are  few  so  well  worthy  ot  favorable  and  commendatory  notice    in  these 

columns   as  the  Illinois  Watch  Company,  whose  factory  at  SpringfleUl,  III.,  is  famed   for 

the  production  of  watches  which  are  sent  to  all  parts  of  .Vmerica  and  exported  to  all  parts  ot 
the  civilized  world.  The  company  which  was  founded  in  18T0,  and  is  incorporated  under  the  state 
laws  of  Illinois,  has  its  general  office  at  Springfield,  with  branches  at  Chicago  and  San  Francisco' 
and  its  eastern  office  at  Corbin  Building,  Broadway  and  John  Street,  in  this  city.  Here  is  carried 
in  all  its  various  grades  and  sizes,  a  full  stock  of  the  company's  product,  whose  watches  are  nota- 
ble alike  for  their  excellent  fluish  and  entire  reliability,  besides  being  well  known  as  accurate  time- 
keepers, as  proved  by  the  million  watches  now  in  use;  the  product  ot  five  hundred  watch  move- 
ments per  day  being  barely  sufficient  to  meet  the  increasing  demand.  Controlling  the  entire 
eastern  territory,  tlie  office  in  this  city  intluences  a  large  annual  volume  of  trade,  and  its  employees 
are  kept  biisily  engaged  in  the  clerical  and  other  duties  inv'olved.  The  able  executive  officers  ot 
this  sound  old  concern  are  Jlr.  Jacob  Cuun,  Sen.,  president;  Mr.  Jacob Bunn,  Jr.,  vice-president; 
and  Sir.  George  A.  Bates,  secretary;  all  well-known  western  gentlemen. 


VOGT  &  DOSE,  Importers  of  French  China,  No.  43  Barclay  Street.— Ot  the  houses  devoting  their  energies  to  the  handling  ot  china 
ware,  and  especially  of  those  confining  their  trading  to  choice  French  china,  the  firm  of  Vogt  &  Dose,  No.  43  Barclay  Street,  occu- 
pies a  prominent  position,  as  one  which  has  made  and  is  worthily  sustaining  a  reputation  tor  fine  goods  and  honorable  dealing. 
The  firm  has  the  great  advantage  ot  being  sole  agents  in  the  United  States  tor  the  house  of  Tressemanes&  Vogt,  at  Limoges,  France, 
whose  prestige  for  china  of  unique  design,  chasteness  ot  coloring,  and  exquisiteness  and  delicacy  ot  finish  has  reached  to  all  (larts 
ot  Europe  and  this  country.  In  the  importing  ot  this  ware,  the  most  skilled  judgment  is  displayed  in  choosing  the  nicest  goods,  and  ascer- 
taining and  catering  tor  the  requirements  of  the  Americau  public.  The  premi.ses  at  Barclay  Street  are  most  spacious,  four  floors,  2,5  x  80  feet, 
being  occupied,  where  an  exceedingly  fine  assortment  ot  the  latest  novelties  are  exhibited.  The  firm  devotes  its  entire  attention  to  a  large 
wholesale  and  import  trade  with  the  leading  houses  of  the  United  States.  The  Limoges  house  has  unusual  facilities  for  business  with  the 
United  States  through  its  long  experience  in  this  trade,  the  house  there  having  been  in  the  hands  of  the  Vogt  family  for  the  last  forty  years. 
The  business  ot  Tressemanes  &  Vogt  has  grown  so  rapidly  during  the  last  few  years  that  they  were  obliged  to  abandon  their  old  quarters, 
which  had  become  too  small.  They  have  purchased  five  thousand  square  meters  ot  land,  and  are  erecting  a  new  factory  which  they  will 
occupying  the  first  ot  July,  1S91.  Mr.  Charles  Vogt,  of  the  New  i'ork  firm,  died  in  1880,  since  which  time  Mr.  Dose  has  assuiued  entire 
charge  of  the  business.  He  is  a  very  hard  worker,  and  has  the  pleasure  of  seeing  his  efforts  crowned  with  the  greatest  success.  The  firm  has 
devoted  special  attention  to  importing  French  china  in  endless  variety  tor  the  amateur  decorator,  which,  during  the  last  tow  years,  has 
almost  come  to  be  a  business  by  itselt.    In  this  branch,  the  firm  ranks  among  the  highest  in  the  country. 

THE  WAGNER  BRUSH  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  SiJecial  Artists',  Varnishers'  and  Coach  Painters'  Brushes,  No.  28  College  Place.— The 
bruali  manufacturing  business  ot  Mr.  Ph.  Wagner  was  inaugurated  as  long  ago  as  the  year  1851,  and  the  persistent  and  unvarying 
determination  ot  the  principal  to  supply  unrivaled  quality  in  the  description  of  goods  requii-ed  by  artists,  varnishers,  coach  painters, 
and  the  upper  reaches  ot  the  painting  trade  generally,  made  the  firm's  trade  mark  to  be  regarded  as  synonymous  with  the  best  of 
brushes.  It  did  more  than  this,  since  the  prestige  ot  this  old,  well-founded,  and  responsible  house,  finds  expression  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  in  the  practical  form  ot  large  and  frequent  orders.  So  large,  indeed,  had  the  business  grown,  that  in  April,  1890,  it  was  found 
desirable  to  incorporate  it  as  a  company.  Ot  this,  the  old-time  proprietor,  who  is  a  gentleman  as  well  known  tor  his  pronounced  business 
capacity  as  for  his  intimate  knowledge  ot  the  technicalities  ot  the  brush  trade,  is  the  president,  the  treasurer  being  Mr.  Moritz  Krickl.  The  pres- 
ent trading  title  of  the  enterprise  is  "  The  Wagner  Brush  Manufacturing  Company."  and  the  retention  ot  the  old  proprietor's  name,  together 
with  the  preservation  ot  all  the  worthy  features  which  distinguished  the  character  of  its  manufactures,  and  the  nature  of  its  conduct  in  the 
past,  secures  to  the  company  a  still  expanding  business.  To  facilitate  this  it  has  excellently  equipped  premises  at  No.  28  College  Place,  con- 
sisting of  two  floors  each  2,5  x  .50  feet  in  size,  where  ten  expert  brush  makers  are  employed  on  the  best  grades  of  brushes  to  be  found  in  the 
market.  In  order  to  ensure  that  these  shall  always  be  such  as  to  do  credit  to  the  house,  the  worthy  principal  himself  gives  personal  atten- 
tion both  to  the  manufacturing  and  business  departments,  a  matter  in  which  he  is  ably  seconded  by  his  fellow  executive  officer.  The  sales- 
man who  represents  the  house  upon  the  road  covers  the  whole  ot  the  United  States  so  tar  as  the  chief  centers  of  commerce  are  concerned. 
Both  Mr.  Wagner  and  I\Ir.  Krickl  are  natives  ot  Germany,  and  have  resided  in  the  United  States  forty  and  thirty  years  respectively.  Both 
are  prominent  citizens  of  New  York,  where  they  have  resided  since  reaching  America,  and  Mr.  Krickl  was  formerly  the  senior  member  of 
the  brass  manufacturing  firm  of  Krickl,  Gould  &  Co. ;  he  also  served  honorably  as  an  officer  in  the  late  war,  and  is  a  member  ot  the  G.  A.  R. 


GEO.  W.  TRAVERS,  Manufacturer  of  Parasols  for  Baby  and  Doll  Carriages,  Domestic  Toys,  Rattan  and  Reed  Chairs,  Nos.  144, 146 
and  158  Chambers  Street. — The  toy  trade  has  developed  to  large  proportions,  stimulated  by  an  active  demand  all  over  the  world  for 
fresh  triumphs  of  American  ingenuity  and  skill,  as  well  as  by  the  superioiity,  novelty  and  perfection  ot  mechanism  of  recently  man- 
ufactured toys.  Much  ot  the  credit  for  the  prosperous  condition  ot  tlie  toy  interest  in  tliis  country  is  due  to  the  representative  house 
ot  Geo.  W.  Travers,  located  at  Nos.  144,  146  and  158  Chambers  Street,  in  this  city.  This  gentleman  enjoys  a  reputation  and  a  trade 
thoroughly  national  in  extent  and  eminently  creditable  in  character,  as  the  patentee  of  Travers'  parasol,  and  as  an  extensive  manufacturer 
of  and  dealer  in  parasols  for  baby  and  doll  carriages,  rattan  and  reed  chairs,  and  domestic  toys  of  every  description.  He  has  been  identified 
with  the  toy  interest  tor  some  tn-enty  years,  establishing  his  present  business  here  iu  1880,  and  his  pronounced  success  therein  is  mainly  at- 
trilintable  to  the  tact  that  he  is  thoroughly  educated  to  tlie  business,  and  has  made  it  a  close  practical  study,  developing  its  every  feature 
with  a  keen  appreciation  of  public  expectation  and  demand,  ever  exhibiting  a  fertility  ot  design  and  a  true  conception  ot  what  will  take  with 
the  masses,  and  manufactures  accordingly.  His  business  premises  are  very  spacious  and  convenient,  comprising  an  entire  tour-story  and 
basement  building  at  No.  146,  another  floor  at  No.  144,  and  part  of  the  building  at  No.  158  Chambers  Street.  Mr.  Travers  is  ever  on  the  alert 
tor  novelties  in  this  line,  purchasing  and  handling  designs  and  patents  of  meritorious  toys,  and  supplying  the  trade  in  quantities  to  suit  at 
the  shortest  possible  notice.  Travers'  "jjatent "  parasol  is  a  unique  and  beautiful  toy,  the  delight  of  children  and  in  great  demand  by  the  trade 
and  public  wherever  once  introduced.  A  force  ot  nearly  one  hundred  expert  workmen  contribute  to  the  successful  operations  ot  the  liouse, 
and  a  corps  of  talented  salesmen  represent  its  interests  upon  the  road.  Those  requiring  really  superior  mechanical  toys  cannot  do  better 
than  to  give  their  orders  to  this  establishment,  where  they  are  bound  to  secure  advantages  difficult  ot  duplication  elsewhere.  Mr.  Travers  is 
a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  still  in  the  early  prime  ot  lite,  and  widely  recognized  as  a  genius  in  the  world  of  invention,  whose  sound  judgment  is 
invariably  endorsed  by  a  critical  and  discriminating  public. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


153 


c 


ufactur 


AREXCE  H.  SAXDrORD.  Chocolates  and  Bon-bons,  No.  89  Hudson  Street.-Up  to  within  a  comparatively  recent  period  miicli  of  the 
confectionery  produced  iu  the  United  States  was  of  an  inferi.ir  charactsr  and  notoriously  impure.  0(  late  years,  liowever, 
tlKinks  to  the  distinct  demand  ot  a  discriminating  pul)Iic,  notable  improvement  has  been  effected  in  American  candies;  and  to-day 
the  products  ot  our  leading  manufacturers  compare  favorably  with  the  most  toothsome  edibles  o£  this  kind  made  in  the  old  world. 
And  while  on  this  subject,  it  is  a  pleasure  to  speak  in  complimentary  terms  of  the  high-grade  chocolate  and  bon-bon  novelties  man- 
■ed  iiy  M.'Donald,  Perkins  &  Co.,  Boston,  whose  New  York  Agent,  Clarence  H.   Sandford,  is  located  at  No.  89  Hudson  Street 

(near  Franklin),  which  are  goods  ot  exceptional  excellence,  being  maintained 
at  a  uniformly  high  standard.  The  products  of  the  firm  indicated  are  neted  for 
their  absolute  purity,  delicious  flavor  and  choice  quality,  and  command  an 
immense  sale,  being  iu  wide  and  growing  demand  throughout  the  United 
Htates.  These  goods  are  conceded  to  be  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  fine  confections, 
and  of  their  supe  riority  certainly  no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced 
than  the  recognition  their  merit  receives  everywhere.  The  factory  In  Boston,  in 
which  a  large  force  ot  hands  are  regularly  employed,  has  been  in  operation 
several  years,  and  the  New  York  branch,  which  has  proved  a  positive  and  per- 
manent success  from  the  inception  of  the  venture  here,  was  established  about 
a  .year  ago.  The  premises  occupied  as  office,  salesroom,  etc.,  in  this  city  are 
commodious,  tastefully  fitted  up  and  well  appointed  in  every  respect.  Mr. 
Sandford's  business  connection  extends  all  over  the  middle  states  having 
already  established  an  extensive  trade.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  putting 
up  choicest  grades  of  different  varieties  of  confections,  in  handsome  Silver 
Boxes,— the  neatest  and  most  inviting  novelty  of  the  kind  on  the  market,— 
and  sells  the  same  extensively  to  first-class  druggists,  leading  retail  confec- 
tioners and  select  trade.  A  very  large  and  A  No.  1  assortment  is  constantly 
kept  in  stock,  both  in  bulk  and  in  packages,  and  comprises  "High  Grade"  and 
wholesome  chocolates,  bon-bons,  caramels,  marshmallows,  fine  candies  of 
every  variety  and  everything  comprehended  in  high  grade  confections.  The 
prices  quoted  are  low,  quality  of  goods  considered,  exceptionally  liljeral  in- 
ducements being  offered  to  the  trade,  while  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most 
prompt  and  trustworthy  manner.  Mr.  Sandford,  who  is  a  gentleman  in  the 
prime  of  life  and  a  New  Y'orker  by  birth,  is  a  man  of  thorough  experience,  ot 
energy  and  enterprise,  and  is  in  short,  well  endowed  with  the  elements  that 
bespeak  success  in  the  commercial  world. 


CRESY'L-JEYES  SANITARY  COMPOUNDS  CO.,  No.  15  Cortlandt  Street.— Modem  civilization  in  its  present  high  type  has  been  rendered 
possible  only  by  parallel  progress  made  in  the  vitally  important  science  of  municipal  and  house  sanitation.  The  expensive  systenjs 
of  public  works  devised  to  insure  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  residents  of  cities  and  towns,  while  indispensable  and  most  commend- 
able in  their  operations  and  purposes,  have  never  yet  succeeded  in  preventing  the  new  and  appalling  danger  that  has  arisen  from 
their  existence  and  methods  of  construction.  An  underground  sewer  system,  miles  in  extent  with  an  almost  imperceptible  flow,  and 
insufficient  drainage  to  flush  away  the  accumulation  of  fecal  and  other  impurities,  must  ever  continue  a  standing  menace  to  the  health  and 
life  of  humanity.  The  deadly  sewer  gas  will  of  necessity  form  in  these  pent  up  channels,  and  will  inevitably  seek  an  outlet  through  the 
uppermost  openings,  which  are  iu  the  dwellings  and  offices  of  the  people.  Every  devise  of  the  modern  pluniber's  art  has  been  resorted  to  in 
vain  to  effectively  prevent  the  introduction  of  sewer  gas  into  the  air  we  breathe,  but  with  very  unsatisfactory  results,  and  the  heavy  death 
rate  from  zymotic  and  other  diseases  produced  by  sewer  gas  have  been  lamentably  heavy.  The  attention  of  scientists  and  inventors  have 
been  naturally  turned  in  this  direction,  and  at  last  practical  results  of  the  greatest  importance  and  value  to  himianity  have  been  the  outcome, 
their  utility  and  economical  application  rendering  the  discovery  one  of  the  most  memorable  on  record.  This  discovery  is  known  as  the 
Cresyl-Jeyes  "  Perfect  Purifier."  the  best,  safest  and  cheapest  disinfectant  and  germicide  in  the  universe,  manufactured  by  the  Cresyl-Jeyes- 
Sanitary  Compounds  Company,  whose  headquarters  for  the  United  States  are  located  at  No.  15  Cortlandt  Street  in  this  city.  3Ir.  H.  G. 
Wynne,  the  manager  ot  the  business,  visited  France  during  the  past  year  to  investigate  this  discovery,  which  had  been  made  in  that  country, 
and  purchased  the  right  to  introduce  the  goods  into  the  United  States,  establishing  the  business  here  in  April,  1890.  He  has  since  been  rap- 
idly and  permanently  extending  his  operations,  conferring  in  so  doing  a  boon  upon  humanity  worthy  of  the  highest  commendation.  The 
"  Perfect  Purifier  "  is  a  fluid  (concentrated)  powder  and  soap,  non-poisonous,  and  non-corrosive  and  entirely  supersedes  carbolic  acid.  It  is 
the  most  powerful  disinfectant  and  lasting  purifier  and  deodorizer  known  to  modern  sanitary  science.  Dr.  Koch,  the  world-renowned  scien- 
tist, pronounces  it  far  superior  to  carbolic  acid  or  any  other  disinfectant.  It  prevents  contagion  by  annihilating  its  cause,  germs,  and  has 
been  proved  by  scientists  to  be  powerfully  germicide  even  diluted  to  the  extent  of  one  in  a  thousand.  It  is  an  unfailing  destroyer  of  insects 
and  vermin,  but  absolutely  harmless  to  the  higher  animals  and  birds;  instantly  removes  bad  smells,  prevents  contraction  of  contagious  dis- 
eases, and  is  invaluable  as  a  curative  and  cleansing  wash  for  cattle,  horses  and  dogs,  and  a  certain  cure  for  foot  and  mouth  disease,  rot, 
mange,  scab.  etc.  In  a  late  trial  in  Louisiana  it  was  found  that  the  bug  in  the  orange  trees  was  entirely  eradicated.  It  is  used  in  the  National 
Veterinary  Schools  of  France,  the  Zoological  Gardens  and  .Acclimatization  Society  of  Paris,  the  Prefecture  of  the  Seine,  the  Municipal  Slaugh- 
ter Houses,  and  numerous  transport,  railroad,  tram  car  and  steamboat  companies,  hospitals,  barracks,  etc..  in  France;  also  by  the  govern- 
ment of  India,  in  the  leading  government  establishments  in  England,  the  Corporation  of  London,  the  leading  steamship  companies,  all  the 
large  railroad  companies  and  innumerable  private  establishments  and  dwellings  all  over  the  world.  It  has  been  proved  unequaled  for  puri- 
fying streets,  cattle  cars  and  pens,  holds  and  bilges  of  vessels,  etc. ;  and  is  the  best  antiseptic  and  curative  preparation  for  diptheria.  skin 
diseases,  fevers  and  wounds.  The  liquid  is  put  up  in  casks,  tins  and  bottles;  the  powder  in  bags  and  perforated  tine  ;  the  soap  in  cakes  and 
bars.  An  extensive  and  rapidly  increasing  trade  has  been  built  up  by  the  company  in  this  city,  at  both  wholesale  and  retail;  a  corps  of 
expert  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  company  upon  the  road,  and  orders  are  filled  with  promptness  and  scrupulous  care  in  alj 
cases.  Mr.  Wynne,  the  founder  and  moving  spirit  of  this  enterprise  in  this  country,  is  a  civil  engineer  by  profession,  and  a  gentleman  of  large 
business  experience,  thorough  reliability  and  sterling  persona!  worth,  who  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  his  wisdom  and  foresight  in  estabhsh- 
ing  this  enterprise,  as  well  as  upon  the  decided  success  which  has  attended  his  intelligent  and  well  directed  efforts. 


154  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

rryMERICAN  BELGIAN  LAMP  COMPANY,  A.  De  Braekeleer  and  Jules  Dawans,  Managers,  No.  31  Barclay  Street.— Few  household 
fl  articles,  either  useful  or  ornamental,  attract  more  attention  in  these  days  than  the  lamp.  And  it  would  be  difficult  to  mention  any 
/  I  in  which  the  march  of  progress  has  wrought  such  a  complete  revolution  of  late  years.  What  with  invention,  improvements  and 
/  sustained  effort,  the  high  degree  of  excellence  and  elegance  to  which  this  indispensable  article  has  been  developed  is  truly  marvel- 

ous, the  productions  of  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers  being  virtually  a  triumi)h  of  artistic  skill.  And  in  this  connection, 
special  mention  should  here  be  made  of  the  superb  productions  of  the  American  Belgian  Lamp  Company,  importer.s  and  manufac- 
turers of  the  celebrated  Belgian  lamp,  No.  31  Barclay  Street,  Messrs.  A.  De  Braekeleer  and  Jules  Dawans,  managers,  to  whom  was 
awarded  the  gold  medal  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  held  in  1889,  and  which,  for  beauty  of  design,  artistic  workmanship,  or  any  other  feature  of 
merit,  are  surpassed  by  none  to-day  on  the  market.  The  "  Belgian  "  is  universally  conceded  to  be  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  lamps,  and  of  its 
superiority  there  certainly  could  be  adduced  no  more  unfailing  criterion  than  the  endui-ing  hold  the  same  has  secured  on  jiopular  favor 
throughout  America  and  Europe,  the  demand  giving  evidence  of  constant  increase.  The  business  was  established  in  this  city  some  two 
years  ago,  the  company  being  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  in  February,  1889,  and  the  signal  success  which  has  attended 
the  enterprise  from  the  start  abundantly  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  as  well  as  the  unequivocal  excellence  of  the  goods. 
The  concern  have  agents  all  over  the  United  States,  and  have  an  extensive  wholesale  trade,  with  a  flom-ishing  retail  patronage,  in  addition. 
They  occupy  spacious  and  commodious  premises  at  No.  31  Barclay  Street,  with  neatly  appointed  and  attractive  salesrooms,  and  eight  clerks 
and  salesmen  are  employed  in  the  establishnient,  while  three  representatives  are  kept  on  the  road.  A  large  and  magnificent  assortment  is 
constantly  carried  in  stock  here,  comprising  the  justly  famed  Belgian  lamps,  in  exquisite  designs  and  beautiful  workmanship,  in  every  size, 
shape,  style  and  variety.  Every  article  offered  for  sale  is  fully  warranted,  both  as  to  make  and  material,  while  the  prices  charged  are 
exceedingly  low,  everything  considered,  exceptionally  liberal  terms  being  quoted  to  the  trade,  and  all  orders  are  carefully  and  promptly 
attended  to.  Unless  all  signs  fail,  the  success  that  has  attended  the  efforts  of  this  company,  in  pushing  the  sale  of  the  Belgian  lamp  during 
the  past  two  years,  is  bound  to  endure  and  increase. 

HENRY  H.  GODDARD,  Successor  to  Burgess  &  Goddard.  Importer  of  Earthenware  and  China,  No.  25  Murray  Street.— Forty  odd 
years  of  interrupted  prosperity  sums  up  in  brief  the  history  of  the  widely  and  favorably  known  house  of  Henry  H.  Goddard,  succes- 
sor to  Burgess  &  Goddard,  importers  of  earthenware  and  china.  No.  25  Murray  Street.  It  is  one  of  the  very  oldest,  as  it  is  also  one 
of  the  leading  and  most  reliable  concerns  in  the  line  of  conunercial  activity  indicated,  and  during  the  entire  period  above  mentioned 
has  been  a  distinct  factor  in  the  trade.  The  business  transacted,  too,  is  fully  commensurate  with  its  name  and  stand uig,  branches 
being  maintained  in  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  and  altogether,  the  total  annual  sales  reach  a  handsome  figure.  No  house  of  the 
kind  in  America  sustains  a  higher  reputation  for  reliable  and  excellent  goods  and  liberal  and  honoi'able  dealing,  and  relations  once  estab- 
lished therewith  almost  invariably  lead  to  an  enduring  business  connection.  A  specialty  is  made  of  high  grade  English  earthenware  and 
china;  Mr.  Goddard,  who  is  a  direct  importer,  handling  the  productions  of  the  foremost  potteries  of  Staffordshire,  and  has  goods  manu- 
factured in  England  by  contract  himself  also.  Every  article  sold  by  this  time-tried  and  deservedly  popular  house  is  fully  warranted  while  bot- 
tom-prices are  quoted  to  dealers,  special  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade;  and  all  orders,  small  or  large,  are  tilled,  packed  and  shipped 
in  the  most  careful,  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner.  The  quarters  occupied  as  office  and  salesroom  on  Murray  Street  are  compact, 
ample  and  well  ordered,  and  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks,  salesmen  and  porters  are  employed.  A  full  and  fine  sample  stock  is  constantly  kept 
on  hand  here,  and  the  assortment,  which  is  at  once  complete,  rich,  beautiful  and  attractive,  embraces  everything  comprehended  in  earthen 
ware  and  china,  including  some  exclusive  novelties  in  tea  sets,  art  pottery  and  kindred  productions  in  unique  designs  and  exquisite  workman- 
ship. This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1848  by  Burgess  &  Goddard  (who  for  many  years  controlled  large  potteries  in  England) 
and  under  the  firm  name  noted  it  was  conducted  up  to  1884,  when  the  last  named  member  was  removed  by  death,  and  in  1890,  Mr.  Burgess 
retired.  At  this  period  Messrs.  Henry  H.  and  T.  A.  Goddard,  sons  of  the  founder  of  that  name  assumed  entire  control  of  the  business.  Mr. 
Henry  H.  Goddard,  who  is  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  New  York  house,  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life  and  a  native  of  England,  but  a  res- 
dent  of  this  city  many  years.  Is  a  man  of  energy  and  excellent  business  ability,  thoroughly  convei-sant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade,  and  is  de- 
Bervedly  esteemed  both  In  commercial  circles  and  in  private  life. 

l^JF  EYER  &  LANGE,  Importers  and  Jobbers  of  Fancy  Groceries,  No.  344  Greenwich  Street.— The  wholesale  trade  in  the  multifarious 
/  m/ 1  food  products  comprehended  under  the  general  head  of  "  fancy  groceries  "  constitutes,  as  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  observe,  an 
/  1  extensive  and  highly  important  branch  of  commercial  activity  here  in  the  metropolis.  The  quantities  of  imported  sauces,  pick- 
les,  preserves,  condiments,  dried  fruits  and  table  delicacies  disposed  of  in  this  city  annually  are  something  enormous,  represent- 
ing many  millions  of  dollars,  and  the  volume  of  business  grows  apace.  Engaged  in  the  line  indicated,  New  York  has  a  number 
of  solid  and  substantial  firms,  prominent  among  the  others  being  that  of  Meyer  &  Lange.  No.  3i4  Greenwich  Street.  They  are  direct  import- 
ers and  Jobbers  of  select  fancy  groceries,  and  also  spice  manufacturers,  with  mills  at  No.  333  Washington  Street,  and  are  sole  agents  in  the 
United  States  for  Wilhelm  Labb,  Mayence,  Germany;  G.  C.  Hahn  &  Co.,  Luebeck,  Germany;  Heinrich  A.  Meyer,  Luebeck,  Germany;  S. 
Schmidt,  Hamburg,  Germany;  Wurzener  Biscuitfabrik.  Wurzen,  Germany;  Heinrich  Schmidt.  Frankfort,  Germany;  C.  Trampler,  Lahr, 
Baden;  Fischer  &  Schmitt,  Woechst,  A.  M. ;  E.  Ritti  Fills.  Aine,  Strasburg,  Germany;  S.  Moral,  Posen.  Germany;  Antoine  Laugier,  Salon, 
France;  Veuve,  Savarin,  Bordeaux,  Paris  and  Lyons,  France;  AuRoides  Gourmets,  Paris,  France;  DeZeeuw  &  Van  Raalt,  Vlaarirgen, Holland; 
Kirken  &  Co.,  Belfast,  Ireland;  H.  F.  A.  Pinckney  &  Co.,  London,  England;  while  they  handle  McMonagle  &  Rogei-s  Premium  Fruit  flavors, 
and  a  great  variety  of  fruit  desserts  and  alimentary  products.  The  house  is,  in  fact,  the  largest  and  leading  concern  of  the  kind  in  this  city, 
and  its  trade,  which  extends  throughout  the  entire  country,  is  fully  commensurate  with  the  name  and  standing  of  the  firm.  They  are  repra- 
sented  by  brokers  in  all  the  principal  cities,  and  transact  an  exceedingly  large  business.  The  premises  occupied  on  Greenwich  Street  com- 
prise five  spacious  floors  and  basement,  with  three  commodious  floors  besides  on  Washington  Street,  and  every  department  of  the  establish- 
ment is  complete  and  well  ordered,  while  twenty  or  more  of  staff  are  employed  here,  in  addition  to  some  half  a  dozen  representatives  on  the 
road.  A  vast,  varied  and  exceptionally  fine  assortment  is  constantly  kept  on  hand,  the  stock,  which  is  of  a  most  comprehensive  character, 
including  select  olives  and  olive  oils  in  glass  and  bulk;  capres,  imported  consomn\e.  patees  and  puree  de  foies  gras  in  terrines  and  tins,  and 
kindred  luxuries  of  every  description,  imported  pickles,  preserves,  jellies,  jams,  foreign  prepared  meats  and  fish,  sardines,  anchovies,  Hol- 
land herrings,  smoked  bloaters,  etc.,  French  and  German  vegetables  in  glass,  dried  fruits  of  al!  kinds,  cheese,  nuts,  crystallized  figs,  sauces, 
canned  soups  and  condiments  generally,  fruit  flavors,  coloring  compounds,  extracts,  etc.,  maccaronl,  manioc,  syrups,  chocolates,  and  fine 
confectionery  of  all  kinds,  ginger  ale,  vinegar,  cider,  pickles,  seeds,  fancy  soaps,  candles,  saleratus,  bicarb,  soda,  cream  tartar,  blueing,  shoe 
blacking,  Russian  Caravan  tea  and  a  multifarious  collecWon  of  grocers'  specialties,  and  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  prompt  and  trust- 
worthy manner.  Only  strictly  first-class  goods  are  handled,  every  article  sold  by  this  responsible  house  being  fully  warranted,  while  the 
prices  quoted  are  maintained  at  the  very  lowest  consistent  figures,  the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade;  and  relations 
once  established  with  the  firm  are  reasonably  certain  to  lead  to  a  permanent  business  connection.  Messrs.  Meyer  &  Lange,  who  are  gentle- 
men in  the  full  prime  of  life,  are  both  men  of  thorough  experience  in  this  line,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  enterprise,  with  a  close  knowledge 
of  the  wants  of  ilie  trade,  and.  prior  to  embarking  in  business  on  their  own  account  in  1884,  had  both  represented  wholesale  fancy  grocery 
houses  on  the  road  for  a  number  of  years. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  155 

TIRRILL'S  EQUALIZING  GAS  MACHINES,  For  Illuminating  Dwellings.  Churches,  Factories  and  Public  Buildings,  No.  39  Dey  Street. 
—There  are  numerous  manufacturing  establishments  represent^?-!  in  the  metropolis  that  maintain  an  active  trade  and  do"  a  large 
annual  business  in  their  respective  lines  of  trade,  but  it  is  only  here  and  there  that  we  find  a  great  representative  concern,  alert  to 
avail  itself  of  every  method  and  every  invention  which  can  in  any  way  tend  to  improve  quality  or  extend  the  field  of  usefulness  for 
its  products.  The  growth  and  development  of  such  concerns  caimot  be  gauged  by  the  general  run  of  trade.  They  are  on  a  different 
plan,  and  fill  a  sphere  of  usefulness  of  the  widest  extent  with  the  largest  consuiuei-s  of  tlieir  specialties  for  permanent  customers.  An  apt 
iliustration  of  this  is  afforded  by  the  house  of  Mr.  O.  Tirrill  who  is  deservedly  prominent  as  manufacturer  of  Tirrill's  Equalizing  Gas  Ma- 
chines for  illuminating  dwellings,  churches,  factories  and  public  buildings,  and  whose  office  and  salesrooms  are  conveniently  located  at  No. 
39  Dey  Street,  between  Church  and  Greenwich  Streets.  This  gentleman  established  his  business  hei-e  in  1865,  and  has  gained  a  reputation 
and  a  trade  in  his  field  of  labor,  thoroughly  national  in  extent  and  eminently  creditable  in  character.  In  this  progressive,  pushing  age,  when 
the  friction  of  competition  rules  more  closely  than  ever,  it  is  only  those  who  have  full  confidence  in  their  resources  who  can  possibly  come 
to  the  front.  Unquestionably  the  foundation  of  the  success  achieved  by  IVIr.  Tirrill  lies  in  the  complete  knowledge  which  he  possesses  in 
regard  to  all  details  and  processes  of  his  business.  He  is  thoroughly  expert  and  practical  therein,  having  given  the  subject  many  years  of 
close  study,  and  has  mastered  it  thoroughly.  His  equalizing  gas  machine  is  a  great  success,  as  it  is  a  greateconomizer,  causing  a  material 
saving  iu  cost  of  gas,  and  of  perfect  utility  in  both  private  and  public  buildings.  It  is  warranted  thoroughly  rehable,  winter  and  summer, 
r.nd  commends  its  own  unequaled  merits  to  all  who  have  used  it.  A  corps  of  talented  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  house  upon 
the  road,  and  orders  are  invariably  filled  with  promptness  and  dispatch.  ]Mr.  Tirrill  has  resided  in  this  city  for  the  past  forty  years,  and  is 
honored  and  esteemed  tcr  his  inventive  genius,  marked  ability  ajid  sterling  personal  worth. 

"Tpi  STRAUS  &  SONS,  Importers  of  China,  Pottery  and  Glassware  from  all  Countries,  Clocks,  Bronzes  and  Artistic  Metal  Goods,  P. 
I  jgj  O.  Box  1000,  Nos.  42,  44,  46  and  48  Warren  Street.— To  say  that  the  china,  pottery  and  glassware  interest  constitutes  a  factor  of  sur- 
I  \  passing  importance  in  the  sum  of  commercial  activity  in  New  York  at  the  present  day  hardly  conveys  an  idea  of  its  vast  magni- 
tude.  From  comparatively  limited  extent,  the  trn,de  has  grown  to  immense  proportions  iu  this  city  within  a  quarter  of  a  century 
and  the  volume  of  business  transacted  in  the  aggregate,  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  substantial  increase.  Distinctly  notable 
among  the  representative  firms  contributing  to  the  general  activity  in  the  line  indicated,  is  that  of  L.  Straus  &  Sons,  whose  spacious  and 
attractive  establishment  is  located  at  Nos.  43,  44,  46  and  48  Warren  Street,  with  cut  glass  factory  on  Jay  Street,  and  who  maintain  branches 
also  at  No.  16  Rue  d'Enghen,  Paris,  France;  Limoges,  France;  Rudolstadt,  Thuringia;  Steinschonau.  Bohemia  and  Carlsbad,  Bohemia.  They 
are  importers  of  china,  pottery  and  glassware  from  all  countries,  also  manufacturers  of  rich  cut  gla-ss.  bisque  and  art  ware,  and  wholesale 
dealers  in  clocks,  bronzes  and  artistic  metal  goods,  and  altogether,  their  trade  is  something  enormous,  extending  throughout  the  entire 
American  Continent,  while  they  export,  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  besides.  This  is,  in  all  respects,  the  leading,  largest  and  best  equipped 
house  of  thr?  kind  in  the  United  States— the  foremost  in  the  world,  in  all  probability— and  for  the  past  twenty-five  years  has  been  a  distinct 
factor  iu  the  growth  and  development  of  the  trade  in  this  country.  Its  history  during  the  period  mentioned  has  been  an  unbroken  record  of 
progress,  and  the  signal  success  that  has  attended  the  enterprise  from  its  inception  attests  in  no  uncertain  manner  the  energy  and  ability 
and  the  well  sustained,  intelligent  efforts  displayed  in  the  management  of  the  business.  Beside  their  capacious  factory  here  on  Jay  Street  • 
where  they  turn  out  magnificent  productions  in  cut  glass,  and  where  they  employ  eighty-five  hands,  the  firm  have  extensive  works  also  at 
Rudolstadt,  Thuringia;  for  the  manufacture  of  bisque  and  kindred  art  wares,  which  is  the  larget  plant  of  the  kind  in  existence,  giving  em- 
ployment there  to  upward  of  three  hundred  in  help.  The  premises  occupied  as  offices,  sales  department  and  warerooms  comprise  the  whole 
of  four  five-story  buildings  with  a  total  floor  space  of  70.000  square  feet,  and  are  well  appointed  and  tastefully  arranged  throughout,  while  a 
veritable  little  army  of  clerks,  salesmen,  porters,  packers,  etc.,  are  here  employed  with  a  number  of  representatives  on  the  road,  in  addition, 
the  entire  staff  connected  with  the  concern  being  about  one  hundred  and  thirty-five,  exclusive  of  the  force  engaged  in  manufacturing.  The  es- 
tablishment is  equipped  with  elevators,  electric  lights  and  the  most  complete  and  perfect  facilities,  and  the  various  departments  are  replete 
with  the  finest  productions  of  the  noted  pottery  and  glass  centers  of  Euroi>e  and  America,  including  many  exclusive  and  elegant  novelties  in 
the  lines  above  indicated,  everything  about  this  truly  superb  emporium  bespeaking  order  and  admirable  management.  A  mammoth  and 
magnificent  assortment  is  always  carried,  the  display  being  at  once  rich,  beautiful,  attractive  and  bewildering,  and  the  stock,  which  is  of  a 
most  complete  and  comprehensive  character,  includes  exquisite  china  tea  and  dinner  sets,  dishes,  pitchers  and  a  multifarious  collection  of 
handsome  china  articles,  delicate  porcelain  vases  and  other  ornaments  in  unique  designs  and  ingenious  workmanship ;  rich  and  rare  produc- 
tions in  Sevres  and  Dresden  ware,  majolica  articles,  Limoges  ware  and  splendid  art  wares  iu  endless  variety;  also  superb  colored  and  deco- 
rated glassware,  cut  and  blown  glassware  of  every  description,  lamps,  shades,  globes  and  fixtures,  art  statuary,  groups  and  figures,  clocks, 
bronzes,  artistic  brasses  and  kindred  metal  goods  in  great  variety.  This  widely  known  and  notable  house  was  established  in  I8G6  by  L. 
Straus  &  Son.  and  under  the  firm  name  mentioned  it  was  conducted  up  to  1870,  when  the  style  changed  to  L.  Straus  &  Sons.  The  business 
was  originally  located  at  No.  105  Chamijers  Street,  and  about  twenty  years  ago  was  moved  to  No.  44  Warren  Street,  the  building  at  No.  42  be- 
ing taken  soon  after,  while  the  other  buildings  were  added  in  1886.  The  firm  is  composed  of  Messrs.  Lazarus  Straus  (the  senior  member), 
his  sons  Isidor,  Nathan  and  Oscar  S.  Straus,  and  (his  son-in-law)  Lazarus  Kohns,  all  men  of  energy  and  unmistakable  business  ability,  and 
thoroughly  conversant  with  the  trade. 

SALEM  WIRE  NAIL  CO.,  George  H.  Ismon,  Sales  Agent,  No.  261  Broadway.— There  are  numerous  manufacturing  establishments  repre- 
sented in  New  York  that  maintain  an  active  trade  and  do  a  large  annual  business  in  their  respective  line  of  goods,  but  it  is  only  here 
and  there  that  we  find  a  great  representative  concern,  alert  to  avail  itself  of  everj-  method  and  every  invention  which  can  in  any  way 
tend  to  improve  the  quality  or  extend  the  field  of  usefulness  for  their  goods.  The  growth  and  development  of  such  concerns  cannot 
be  gauged  by  the  general  run  of  trade.  They  are  on  a  different  plan,  and  fill  a  sphere  of  usefulness  of  the  widest  extent,  with  the 
largest  consumers  of  their  specialties  for  permanent  customers.  An  apt  illustration  in  point  is  the  Salem  Wii-e  Nail  Co..  whose  eastern 
office  is  located  at  No.  261  Broadway.  The  factories  of  this  company  are  located  at  Salem  and  Findlay,  Ohio,  and  are  the  largest  of  the 
kind  in  the  world,  having  a  productive  capacity  of  2900  kegs  per  day,  operating  145  nail  machines,  and  furnishing  steady  employment  to  575 
hands.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1SS6,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  with  a  capital  stock  of  SlOO.OOO.  and  has  since  accumu- 
lated a  surplus  of  $225,000.  The  New  York  office  was  opened  Januai-y  1,  1890,  and  is  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Gfeorge  H.  Ismon,  as 
sales  agent  of  the  company  for  all  the  states  east  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  This  gentleman  has  had  an  experience  of  twenty  years  in 
the  iron  and  steel  business,  and  is  eminently  fitted  for  the  responsible  duties  of  his  present  position.  When  the  friction  of  competition  rules 
so  cjosely  as  it  does  here,  it  is  only  those  who  have  full  confidence  in  their  resources  who  can  possibly  come  to  the  front.  Mr.  Ismon  has  a 
complete  kjiowledge  of  all  the  details  of  the  business,  and  gives  it  the  benefit  of  his  close  personal  attention.  He  handles  some  200,000  kegs 
of  nails  per  year  at  this  point,  ordering  direct  from  the  mills  in  carload  lots,  and  supplies  his  army  of  customers  in  the  East  in  quantities  to 
suit  at  the  shortest  possible  notice,  and  at  tenns  and  prices  which  are  invariably  satisfactory  to  the  trade.  For  standard  and  reliable  wire 
nails,  this  house  can  challenge  competition.  Mr.  Ismon  is  a  native  of  Essex  County,  New  York,  was  in  business  in  Chicago  for  ninetee:i 
years  previous  to  coming  here,  and  is  a  gentleman  of  experience,  ability  and  high  repute  in  business  affairs. 


156  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

SKILTON  &  SON,  Exporters,  No.  31  Broadway.— The  development  of  the  commerce  of  New  York  is  upon  a  scale  of  the  greatest  magni- 
tude; every  phase  of  business  is  here  represented  by  talented  merchants  possessed  of  ample  resources  and  abundant  experience,  asid 
l>ruuiinent  among  the  leaders  in  tlie  export  trade  of  the  city  is  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Skilton  &  Son,  who  occupy  eligible  office  quarters  at 
No.  31  Broadway.  This  firm  are  large  exporters  of  electrical  plants  and  electric  appliances  to  South  American  and  Mexican  ports, 
and  are  also  manufacturers'  agents  in  general  for  export  to  all  pai-ts  of  Spanish  America.  They  do  far  moro  business  in  this  line  than 
any  other  house  in  the  city,  and  possess  quahfications  fitting  them  in  a  pre-eminent  degree  to  exactly  meet  the  requirements  of  a  widespread 
and  critical  trade  abroad.  The  senior  partner,  Hon.  J.  A.  Skilton,  served  for  ten  years  as  Consul  General  to  Mexico,  under  President  Grant, 
and  resided  in  that  country  for  a  period  of  eighteen  years.  Both  he  and  his  son,  Mr.  H.  I.  Skilton,  speak  the  Spanish  language  fluently,  and 
make  frequent  trips  to  that  part  of  the  globe.  They  have  a  foundation  understanding  of  tlie  w^ants  and  requirements  of  that  people,  and 
have  proved  themselves  eminently  popular  and  successful  in  meeting  such  demands.  They  are  also  expert  electricians,  and  are  in  a  position 
to  handle  all  electrical  supplies  in  the  most  advantageous  manner,  making  immense  sales  of  such  goods  to  the  mutual  advantage  of  both 
buyer  and  seller.  This  firm  did  a  business  of  $150,000  in  Mexico  and  South  America,  the  past  year,  and  their  future  prospects  are  of 
the  most  flattering  character.  The  Messrs.  Skilton  are  natives  of  New  York  state,  well-known  residents  of  Brooklyn,  and  devote  their  close, 
personal  attention  to  the  shipment  of  orders  and  supplies.  The  demands  of  the  South  American  and  Mexican  people  have  never  been  so 
fully  and  satisfactorily  met  in  many  different  channels  of  trade  as  they  have  by  this  firm,  whose  laudable  ambition  to  excel  has  become 
widely  recognized.  By  maintaining  a  very  high  standard  in  their  exports.  Messrs.  Skilton  &  Son  are  contributing  very  materially  to  retain 
to  New  York  the  supremacy  in  the  American  export  trade,  while  the  large  volume  of  their  business  affords  the  best  criterion  of  the  reliabil- 
ity of  their  methods  and  policy. 

CHAS.  M.  RUMRILL,  Tools  and  Supplies  for  Steam  and  Eleotric  Power,  Elesti-lo  Car  Equipment  a  Specialty,  No.  109  Liberty  Street  — 
The  above  firm  desires  to  call  attention  to  some  recent  patents  on  underground  electrical  railways.  These  patents  embrace  seven  in 
number,  and  are  fundamental  in  character,  the  broad  claim  being  the  combination  of  a  main  insulated  conductor,  insulated  branch 
conductors  having  an  exposed  knob  adapted  to  be  raised  above  the  surface  of  the  ground  by  suitable  mechanism  carried  by  a  mov. 
in^  car.  and  then  placed  in  electrical  connection  with  circuit  completing  devices  on  the  car,  simultaneously  making  connection  with 
the  main  conductor  whereby  all  exposed  live  parts  are  always  above  the  surface  of  tlie  ground.  All  prior  inventora  have  undertaken  to 
expose  the  live  parts  on  or  under  the  surface  of  the  ground,  endeavoring  to  prevent  leakage  by  a  most  excessive  use  of  insulating  material. 
The  above  patents  were  conceived  and  applied  for  five  years  ago.  and,  though  but  recently  granted,  the  inventor  has  in  the  meantime  closely 
studied  all  exi>eriment3  in  this  line,  and  believes  his  system  to  be  eminently  adapted  to  all  city  roads,  and  that  it  can  be  constructed  for 
twenty  thousand  dollars  a  mile.  The  system  dispenses  with  the  costly  open  slot  conduit,  and  operates  on  what  has  been  aptly  called  spe- 
cifically to  itself  the  ^'  spot  "  system.  A  continuous,  well  insulated  conductor  is  buried  in  the  ground,  and  short  branch  conductors  run  from, 
these  to  the  road  bed  at  short  intervals,  twelve  feet,  to  water  tight  switch  boxes  placed  l>etween  the  rails.  These  switches  are  open  at  all  times 
except  when  a  car  is  passing  over  any  particular  spot.  In  fact,  with  no  cars  out,  the  entire  outside  circuit  is  thoroughly  insulated,  and  there 
becomes,  with  each  car  run  out.  only  a  small  knob,  half  the  size  of  a  man's  thumb,  alive,  and  this  is  eight  inches  above  the  surfa<re  of  the  street. 
Thus  the  exposure  for  leakage  is  reduced  to  its  absolute  minimum.  An  electro-magnet  or  any  suitable  mechanical  contrirance  carried  by 
the  car  is  used  to  lift  this  knob  that  is  arranged  on  the  end  of  a.  lever  placed  transversely  to  the  rails  at  the  other  end  of  which  the  switch  box 
is  placed.  The  rotation  of  this  lever  by  means  of  its  axis  that  extends  into  the  switch  box,  is  the  means  of  actuating  the  switch.  Besides 
throwing  the  switch,  the  lifting  of  the  levsr  causes  the  knob  to  make  a  sliding  contact  with  a  rail  mounted  on  the  under  side  of  the  cat  and  insu- 
lated from  the  truck.  Now  as  the  car  passes  along  over  the  track  it  cuts  its  motor  into  circuit  first  at  one  contact  spot,  and  then,  befcre 
breaking  connection  with  that  spot,  establishes  connection  with  another.  Nothing  is  in  sight  along  the  track  but  occasional  spot  boxes,  and 
a  guide  slot  extending  the  length  of  the  track.  This  slot  being  composed  of  two  angle  irons  held  apart  by  cast  iron  yokes,  to  make  a  slot 
only  five  eighths  wide  by  six  inches  deep  can  be  cheaply  constructed,  not  requiring  any  change  in  any  existing  girder  rail  track  construction. 
The  current  returns  through  the  motor,  and  wheels  and  rails  to  the  source  of  supply.  This  spot  system  has  been  declared  by  many  to  be  a 
neat  solution  of  electric  surface  transit.  The  patents  referred  to  have  been  issued  to  F.  Mansfield.  This  firm  also  make  a  specialty  of  deal- 
ing in  Electric  Railway  and  Power  station  supplies. 

BRUEN  BROS.,  Real  Estate  and  Insurance  Brokers,  New  York  City  Office  No.  133  Broadway.— Taking  a  comprehensive  scope  with 
their  business  as  real  estate  and  insurance  brokers,  alike  in  the  nature  of  their  transactions,  and  in  the  extent  of  territory  they  cover, 
Messrs.  Bruen  Brothers,  who  established  their  enterprise  in  1886,  in  this  city  and  in  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  have  rapidly  advanced  to  a 
front  rank  ainong  the  most  influential  men  in  their  line,  their  business  embracing  very  large  transactions,  and  the  firm  having 
created  sales  of  property  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  thus  gained  for  itself  an  enviable  reputation.  The  standing  of  the  house, 
too,  is  enhanced  by  the  keen  and  sound  judgment  and  discretion  they  show  in  all  matters  submitted  to  them,  and  the  close  inside  knowledge 
they  possess  of  important  transactions,  and  the  probable  prospective  value  of  property  in  this  city  or  its  vicinity,  and  in  Essex  County, 
N.  J.;  the  advice  thoy  have  from  time  to  time  tendered  to  patrons,  upon  their  solicitation  having  frequently  been  of  great  pecuniary  value. 
Hence  the  services  of  the  house  are  much  sought  after  in  their  capacity  as  real  estate  brokers,  and  a  business  of  brisk  character  and  great 
annual  volume  is  done  in  this  department.  As  insurance  brokers  the  enterprise  is  scarcely  less  successful,  the  large  number  of  influential 
citizens  with  whom  the  principals  are  brought  into  contact  in  relation  to  the  branch  of  their  labors  already  referred  to  being  prolific  of 
extensive  tradings  in  the  insurance  branch,  the  value  of  the  services  rendered  in  one  inspiring  confidence  in  tlie  sincerity  and  wisdom  of  its 
transactions  in  the  other.  The  oflices  of  the  firm  at  East  Orange  are  opposite  Brick  Church  Station,  and  that  in  this  city  at  No.  128  Broadway, 
the  appointments  of  each  being  typical  of  the  flourishing  business  for  which  they  afford  accomn\odation;  the  former  office  being  25  x  50  feet 
in  size,  and  two  experienced  clerks  assisting  in  its  multifarious  duties.  Messrs.  E.  E.  and  F.  S.  Bruen.  the  bi-others,  who  were  born  at  Mich- 
igan and  New  Jersey  respectively,  are  both  young  men,  and  are  among  the  city's  most  repected  real  estate  and  insurance  men. 

GEORGE  COOK,  Patents  and  Patent  Causes,  World  Building.— The  soliciting  of  patents,  trade  marks,  etc.,  in  accordance  with'  an  intri- 
cate patent  law,  and  the  manifold  rulings  under  the  same,  requires  much  skill  in  the  preparation  of  the  cases,  and  nice  technical  dis- 
tinctions in  the  prosecution,  and  in  suits  in  interference,  and  forms  an  independent  branch  of  law  business,  which  has  embarked 
in  it  some  of  the  ablest  professional  men  of  this  country.  A  gentleman  who  occupies  a  leading  position  in  this  important  pursuit  is 
Mr.  George  Cook,  whose  office  is  situated  on  the  ninth  floor  of  the  "  World's ''  new  building.  Mr.  Cook  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
has  resided  in  New  York  since  1885.  He  graduated  with  the  degree  of  L.  L.  B.,  from  Columbia  College,  Washington,  D.  C.  in  1882.  and  later 
on  established  business  as  an  attorney  in  patents  and  patent  causes,  removing  to  this  city  in  1885.  He  has  acquired  a  large,  wide-spread,  influ- 
ential patronage,  and  won  an  enviable  reputation  for  ability,  efficiency  and  success  in  the  presentation  of  claims.  Patents  of  all  kinds  are 
obtained  by  him,  trade  marks  and  designs  registered,  interferences  are  conducted,  reports  and  opinions  are  furnished  on  validity,  searches  are 
made,  assignments  and  agreements  drawn  and  advice  given  on  patent  laws.  Mr.  Cook  has  reliable  correspondents  in  all  the  principal  cities, 
whose  services  are  a  valuable  auxiliary  to  his  business.  His  acquaintance  in  Washington  is  of  such  a  nature  as  to  assist  him  in  his  operations 
in  a  substantial  manner  and  aid  in  the  pushing  through  of  claims.  Mr.  Cook  is  a  practical,  experienced  man  of  business,  thoroughly  posted 
in  all  points  relating  to  patents,  and  he  will  prove  an  invaluable  adviser  to  those  requiring  the  services  of  a  solicitor  of  patents. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


157 


■jr  ^  ARTIN  ROTHBAETH  &  CO.,  Hop  Merchants,  No.  76  Broad  Street. —The  trade  in  hops  forms  a  staple  and  important  department  of 
/  j^  1      commerce  in  the  United  States,  and  many  of  our  most  progressive  business  men  are  engaged  in  this  hne.    The  trade  has  its  center 
/        1      in  New  York,  and  there  are  many  extensive  houses  engaged  in  tliis  line.    One  of  tlie  leaders  among  the  number  is  that  of  Martin 
Eothbarth  ,S  Co.,  of  No.  7C  Broad  Street,  whose  headquarters  are  located  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  and  who  also  have  houses  in 
Nuremberg,  Germany,  and  at  No.  ilSouthwark  Street,  S.  E.  London.     The  house  was  originally  founded  some  seventy  years  ago  in 
Germany,  and  has  been  established  in  New  York  since  1873.    At  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Nuremberg,  Bavaria  and  at  Bohemia  the  firm  have 
extensive  packing  houses  with  storage  capacity  of  10,000  bales  of  hops,  while  l,aiX)  to  1,300  bales  of  Bohemian  or  Bavarian  hops  are  disposed 
of  in  New  York,  shipments  being  made  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  quite  a  quantity  exported.    The  branch  in  this  city  is  in  charge  of  Mr. 
Adolf  Rothbarth,  son  of  Moritz  Rothbarth,  the  founder  of  the  business,  and  he  has  as  resident  manager,  Mr.  Ed.  KrollpfeitTer,  a  native  of 
this  city  and  resident  of  Brooklyn.     He  has  been  connected  with  the  house  since  1883,  prior  to  which  he  carried  on  business  as  a  broker  on 
Wall  Street.    ,Mr.  Adolf  Rothbarth  travels  through  the  United  States  in  the  interests  of  his  establishment,  buying  and  selling  hops,  etc.,  and 
the  trade  is  steadily  growing  in  volume  afod  value,  while  permanent  and  influential  connections  have  been  established.      Mr.  Rothbarth  was 
born  in  Germany,  and  has  resided  in  this  country  since  188,i,  becoming  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  in  1890     He  has  become  widely  and  pop- 
ularly known,  and  is  held  in  high  regard  as  a  liberal,  consistent  and  progressive  business  man. 


?''^^i»l^i*j!fci^iLij..         >_  I  ■     ■■■)■ 


New  York  Harbor,  from  Elevated  R.  R.  TERMixt's. 


TT  TT  INNIGERODE  &  CO.,  Steel  Rails,  Spikes,  Fastenings,  Locomotives,  Motors.  Frogs,  Switches.  Cars,  Etc.,  No.  40  Broadway.— There 
/j/l  are  numerous  manufacturing  establishments  represented  in  New  York  that  maintain  an  active  trade  and  do  a  large  annual  busi- 
/  m  ness  in  their  respective  lines  of  goods,  but  it  is  only  here  and  there  that  we  find  a  great  representative  concern,  alert  to  avail  itself 
of  every  method  and  every  invention  which  can  in  any  way  tend  to  improve  the  quality  or  extend  the  field  of  usefulness  for  their 
goods.  The  growth  and  development  of  such  concerns  cannot  be  gauged  by  the  general  run  of  trade.  They  are  on  a  different 
plan,  and  fill  a  sphere  of  usefulness  of  the  widest  extent,  with  the  lj\rgest  consumers  of  their  specialties  for  permanent  customers.  An  apt 
illustration  of  this  is  the  house  of  Minnigerode  &  Co.,  agents  for  steel  rails,  portable  railways,  cars  and  switches,  locomotives,  motors  and 
complete  outfits  for  street  railways  and  logging  roads,  new  and  second  hand,  with  headquarters  at  No.  40  Broadway.  New  York,  and  No.  36 
Cai'ondelet  Street,  New  Orleans,  La.  This  enterprise  was  inaugurated  in  1879,  at  New  Orleans,  and  in  188*,  the  New  York  office  was  opened. 
Mr.  J.  C.  Minnigerode,  the  founder  of  the  business,  died  in  1889,  and  his  widow  succeeding  to  the  control,  placing  Mr.  J.  E.  Frank  as  manager 
in  charge.  No  house  in  the  country  is  better  prepared  to  supply  customers  and  the  trade  generally  with  goods  in  this  line,  while  in  its  spe- 
cialty of  portable  railways,  it  is  in  a  position  to  challenge  comparison  and  defy  successful  competition.  It  is  supplying  a  portable  railway, 
which  was  patented  June  8,  1875,  by  Alexander  Bass,  and  intended  for  contractors,  storehouses,  coal  mines,  gold  mines,  silver  mines,  brick 
yards,  saw  mills,  sugar  plantations,  etc.  It  is  built  entirely  of  iron  and  steel,  in  sections  of  any  suitable  length,  generally  ten  feet.  It  is 
simple,  cheap,  indestructible,  and  can  be  made  from  any  desired  section  of  T  rail,  to  conform  to  any  gauge.  The  rails  are  of  steel,  made  in 
the  usual  form  employed  for  railways,  and  the  cross-pieces  consist  of  T  or  flat  iron  bars.  The  rails  are  secured  to  the  cross-pieces  by  means 
of  square  rivets  of  the  shape  of  hook  spikes.  These  square  rivets  prevent  the  sections  from  changing  their  original  shape,  and  thereby 
always  secure  a  good  fit  of  one  section  to  another.  The  ends  of  each  section  are  provided  with  projected  locking  pieces  which  are  arranged 
so  as  to  articulate  with  those  on  the  end  of  the  next  section.  These  locking  pieces  being  riveted  to  the  upper  surface  of  the  end  cross-pieces 
are  free  to  slide  in  endwise,  and  secure  the  section  from  lateral  motion,  when  they  are  placed  end  to  end.  The  sections  are  all  of  the  same 
shape  and  length,  and  will  therefore  fit  to  each  other  as  well  as  to  the  curves  and  switches.  Owing  to  the  simple  locking  pieces  that  bind  one 
section  to  another,  this  system  of  portable  railway  can  be  taken  apart  and  put  together  without  loss  of  time,  caused  by  coupling  the  sections 
together,  which  is  a  great  saving  in  time  and  labor.  This  firm  also  furnish  with  track,  when  desired,  suitable  cars  for  all  kinds  of  work. 
.  Now  when  the  friction  of  competition  rules  more  closely  than  ever,  it  is  only  those  who  have  full  confidence  in  their  resources  who  can  pos- 
sibly come  to  the  front.  This  firm  are  making  a  grand  success  in  their  business,  having  a  large  and  influential  trade  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  will  be  found  always  ready  to  meet  every  demand  with  promptness,  and  to  place  all  transactions  on  a  thoroughly  sound  and  sat- 
isfactory footing. 


158  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

STANDARD  PENCIL  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Gold  and  Silver  Pen  and  Pencil  Cases,  Toothpicks,  Novelties,  Etc.,  Nos.  3  and  5  Coenties 
Slip.— Among  tlie  many  important  enterprises  carried  on  in  this  city  in  the  manufacture  of  gold  and  silver  pen  and  pencil  cases,  etc., 
tliat  of  the  Standard  Pencil  Company,  located  at  Nos.  3  and  5  Coenties  Slip,  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  reliable.  This  under- 
taking was  instituted  as  a  duly  incorporated  body  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York  in  18&4,  with  a  capital  stock  of  fifteen 
thousand  dollars;  and  the  chief  lines  of  manufacture  are  gold  and  silver  pen  and  pencil  cases,  in  all  styles  and  sizes,  and  of  the 
most  chaste  and  elegant  designs,  toothpicks  of  every  description;  and  various  novelties  of  a  kindred  nature.  The  company 
confine  their  attention  exclusively  to  the  highest  grades  of  these  goods;  and  it  is  this  fact  which  is  mainly  responsible  for  the  steadily 
increasing  patronage  that  is  accorded  the  house;  the  trade  extending  to  all  pares  of  the  United  States  among  jobbers,  dealers  and  other 
wholesale  consumers.  The  able  and  efficient  officers  of  this  flourishing  enterprise  are,  Mr.  Albert  Terry,  a  resident  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  who  is 
in  the  brick  manufacturing  business  in  Brooklyn  and  up  the  Hudson  River,  president:  Mr.  Edwin  Terry,  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  treasurer; 
Mr.  A.  R.  Winfield,  also  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  secretary,  and  Mr.  Gideon  Isley,  a  native  of  Jersey  City,  superintendent.  The  very  extensive 
trade  now  controlled  necessitates  the  maintenance  of  premises,  at  the  location  indicated,  con.sisting  of  a  floor,  having  a  superficial  area  of 
'■ii  by  100  feet,  used  as  office,  salesroom  and  factory;  the  latter  being  equipped  with  a  complete  modern  plant  and  machioery  pertain- 
ing to  the  trade;  a  gas-engine  being  the  motive  force  employed,  and  fifteen  skilled  workmen  being  steadily  engaged  in  the  manufacturing 
department.  Tlie  worthy  superintendent,  Mr.  Isley,  has  been  a  practical  man  in  this  line  for  the  past  thirty- five  years,  being  now  about 
fifty-one  years  of  age.  He  is  Past  Commander  of  Sabriski  Post,  Jersey  City,  and  was  for  four  years  Fire  Commissioner  of  Jersey  City. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  and  served  as  Private  in  Company  B,  Twenty-first  New  Jersey  Volunteer  Infantry,  from 
1361  to  1865,  and  was  wounded  in  one  of  its  engagements. 

PETER  A.  FRASSB  &  CO.,  Importers,  Manufacturers  and  Jobbers  in  Tools  and  Hardware,  Office  and  Salesroom.  Nos.  95  and  97  Fulton 
Street.— This  house  is  known  and  honored  as  the  oldest  in  its  line  in  the  United  States.  It  was  founded  in  1816,  by  Mr.  Henry  F. 
Frasse,  and  was  continued  by  him  until  1849,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Mr.  Peter  A.  Frasse.  This  gentleman  conducted  the 
business  as  sole  proprietor  with  great  ability  and  steadily  increasing  success  until  1877,  when  the  present  firm  was  organized  by  the 
admission  of  Mr.  John  L.  Howe  to  partnership.  The  business  premises  comprise  an  entire  six-story  building.  25  x  100  feet  in  dimen- 
siohs,  finely  fixted  up  in  all  departments,  and  giving  an  abundance  of  room  for  supplying  the  most  extensive  demand.  This  firm  are  promi- 
nent in  trade  circles  as  sole  agents  for  F.  and  H.  Flexible  Back  Split  Dies,  Bennett's  Emery  Wheel  Dresser,  Wright-Pond  Quick  Calipers 
and  Dividers,  and  Fowler's  Speed  Indicators;  while  among  their  leading  specialties  are  such  valuable  products  as  Stubs'  Files,  Tools  and 
Steel;  S.  J.  Addis'  London  Carving  Tools,  Addis'  Tools  in  sets  of  six  and  twelve,  Grobet's  Swiss  Files,  Webster*  Horsfall's  Machines,  Chester- 
man's  Tapes,  Vautier&  Renard's  Gravers,  Swiss  pljers,  nippers,  etc. ;  German  tools,  Hubert's  French  emery  paper.  Repousse  tools,  razor 
hones,  and  Washita,  Arkansas  and  Turkey  oil  stones.  The  firm  are  extensive  manufacturers  of  blacksmith,  hand  and  machine  screw  taps; 
hand  cut  files,  file  and  chisel  handles,  stocks  and  dies,  steel-pointed  plumb  bobs,  polishing  lieads  and  stands,  folding  tool  chests,  F.  and  H. 
saw  adjusting  mandrels,  slide  rests,  tracing  wheels,  letters  and  figures,  etc.,  etc.  Faithful  attention  is  given  to  the  production  of  these  valua- 
ble specialties,  the  greatest  care  being  taken  in  the  selection  of  material,  especially  where  accuracy,  soundness  and  finish  are  required.  The 
great  and  growing  demand  for  these  tools  and  supplies  abundantly  attests  their  popularity  and  serves  as  the  best  possible  guarantee  of  the 
continued  success  and  permanent  prosperity  of  this  old  and  honored  house.  Orders  are  filled  at  both  wholesale  and  retail.  The  co-part- 
ners have  long  been  reckoned  among  New  York's  most  responsible  and  representative  merchants. 

SOLOMON  &  BENEDICT,  Real  Estate  Agents,  Nos.  165  and  167  Broadway,  Room  No.  30.— The  secure  market  offered  to  the  public  by 
the  real  estate  of  New  York,  both  for  speculative  and  investment  purposes,  has  been  duly  appreciated,  and  both  buyers  and  sellers 
realize  that  their  investments  when  judiciously  placed  are  absolutely  secure.  To  certainly  attain  the  greatest  measure  of  security  and 
the  best  results,  the  services  of  experienced  agents  are  always  necessary,  and  prominent  among  the  number  in  this  city  is  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Solomon  &  Benedict,  whose  offices  are  eligibly  located  at  Nos.  105  and  167  Broadway.  The  business  was  originally  established 
by  Mr.  Joseph  Solomon,  and  in  1890  the  present  firm  was  organized  by  the  admission  of  Mr.  James  L.  Benedict  to  partnership,  and  a 
removal  was  made  to  the  present  quarters.  The  firm  have  become  deservedly  prominent  for  introducing  the  quickest  known  methods  of 
handling  investments  in  real  estate  and  business  chances.  By  their  system  of  obtaining  the  fullest  information  in  regard  to  all  property 
placed  in  their  hands  for  sale,  thoroughly  investigating  everything  with  their  keen  appreciation  of  values,  and  assuming  responsibility  for 
their  statements,  they  have  made  their  office  a  trustworthy  directory,  whose  merit  is  rapidly  making  itself  known  to  investors;  and  their 
large  and  steadily  increasing  patronage,  which  enables  them  to  dispose  of  property  without  delay,  naturally  induces  owners  who  desire 
quick  transactions  to  engage  their  services.  As  a  bright  example  of  the  fact  that  in  this  progressive  age,  business  enterprise  when  backed 
by  sound  judgment  and  executive  ability  and  upright  principles,  need  not  grow  old  waiting  for  appreciation,  the  success  of  these  gentlemen 
furnishes  an  inspiring  lesson  to  the  young  men  of  New  York.  They  are  continually  investing  in  real  estate  for  themselves  and  for  other 
parties,  and  are  in  a  position  to  suit  the  needs  and  requirements  of  all  classes  of  investors  and  house  hunters.  No  house  in  tlie  city  is  l>etter 
equipped  for  rendering  prompt  and  satisfactory  service,  or  has  a  fairer  name  for  enterprise  and  reliability.  Mr.  Solomon  is  a  New  Yorker 
by  birth,  while  Mr.  Benedict  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and  both  stand  deservedly  high  in  social,  commercial  and  financial  circles. 

VS.  HARRISON  &  CO.-,  Successors  to  Masterton  &  Harrison,  Builders,  No.  45  Broadway.— As  the  wealth  and  culture  of  a  com- 
munity increase,  and  the  standard  of  taste  is  elevated,  there  arises  a  demand  for  the  introduction  of  systems  in  the  construc- 
tion of  dwellings  and  public  buildings  which  sliall  represent  the  latest  advance  in  architecture.  The  leading  and  best- 
•  known  builders  and  contractors  in  the  metropolis  are  Messrs.  W.  S.  Harrison  &  Co.,  who  occupy  eligible  office 
quai'ters  at  No.  45  Broadway.  The  business  so  successfully  conducted  by  this  firm  was  originally  established  in  1878, 
by  Messrs.  Masterton  &  Harrison,  the  present  firm  succeeding  to  the  control  in  1884.  Mr.  Harrison,  tlie  active  member  of  the  firm, 
has  been  identified  with  the  industry  in  which  he  is  engaged  for  many  years,  and  has  contributed  in  no  small  measure  to  its  develop- 
ment in  this  city.  His  comprehensive  and  far  reaching  knowledge  xif  every  detail  of  bis  profession,  together  with  the  reliable  and  resposible 
character  of  his  work,  has  secured  for  him  a  large  and  influential  patronage  and  gives  his  house  a  most  valuable  and  imjiortant  position. 
During  all  these  years  he  has  been  steadily  before  the  public,  ministering  to  its  wants  with  skill,  energy  and  satisfaction.  There  are  many 
splendid  specimens  of  his  work  scattered  through  the  city.  He  built  the  Aldrich  Court  Building,  Columbia  Building,  the  Haight  Building, 
Cohnfield  Building,  the  residences  of  ex -Gov.  Hoadley,  Hon.  Ed.  Mitchell,  John  G.Wright.  Hon.  J.  Hanipdon  Robb,  and  numerous  other 
private  residences  of  more  or  less  pretension  to  beauty  and  ornamentation.  Trinity  Corporation  Storehouses  and  Warehouses  and  the  Staten 
Island  Flour  Mills.  He  is  prepared  to  furnish  estimates  and  plans,  and  enters  into  contracts  for  work  of  all  kinds  in  liis  line.  A  jjoint  is 
made  of  filling  all  contracts  promptly  according  to  agreement  and  terms  made,  and  every  advantage  possible  is  granted  to  ownei'S  and 
patrons.  From  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  men  are  employed  every  season,  and  the  services  of  the  house  are  in  constant  and  important 
requisition  tliroughout  the  city  and  suburbs.  3Ir.  Harrison  is  a  native  and  prominent  citizen  of  New  York  City,  a  member  of  the  Mechanics' 
and  Traders'  Exchange  and  of  the  Builders'  Association,  and  of  high  repute  and  standing  in  all  the  various  relations  of  life. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


159 


R 


^M  ■  WARD  PHELPS,  Successor  to  Heffron  &  Phelps.  Lithographer,  Nos.  53-57  Park  Place.— The  high  degree  of  perfection  to  which  the 
£J  process  of  lithographing  has  been  developed  within  recent  years  has,  perhaps,  no  counterpart  iu  any  distinct  branch  of  art  or 

I    I  industry.     What  with  discovery  in  the  domain  of  chemistry,  invention  and  improvements,  the  progress  made  in  the  direction 

J  *     indicated  of  late  is  nothing  less  than  marvelous.      Particularly  is  this  true  iu  respect  of  fine  color  work,  iu  which  some  of  our 

leading  New  York  lithographers  have  achieved  an  unequivocal  success,  notably  A.  Ward  Phelps,  of  Nos.  53,  55  and  57  Park  Place, 
who  maintains  branches  also  at  No.  35  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  and  No.  4-27  Jackson  Street.  San  Francisco.  This  gentleman  sustains  a 
reputation  for  skill  and  reliability  second  to  none  in  his  line  in  the  United  States,  and  enjoys  a  patronage  fully  commensurate  with  his  name 
and  standing.  He  has  a  very  large  business  in  cigar  labels,  this  being  a  specialty,  and  his  trade  extends  throughout  the  entire  country, 
while  his  productions  are  handled  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  also,  by  export  agents.  Mr.  Phelps,  who  is  a  gentleman  about  forty  years 
of  age,  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  is  a  man  of  pi'actical  skill  and  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  energy  and  enterprise,  and  is  master  of 
the  art  in  all  i[«  branches.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Heffron  &  Phelps,  established  in  1877,  and  succeeded  the  same  as  sole 
proprietor  in  18'JO,  conductiug  the  business  alone  since  with  uninterrupted  prosperity.  Mr.  Phelps  occupies  two  75  x  100  tloors  on  Park  Place 
and  has  in  service  the  latest  improved  steam-power  machinery,  appliances  and  appurtenances,  and  employs  forty  expert  hands.  He  is  pre- 
pared to  give  estimates  on  all  classes  of  lithographing,  special  attention  being  given  to  fine  color  work,  and  guarantees  satisfaction,  while  his 
prices  are  of  the  most  reasonable  character,  too.  An  extensive  and  first-class  assortment  of  cigar  labels,  etc.,  are  constantly  carried  in  stock, 
on  which  exceptionally  liberal  terms  are  quoted;  and  all  orders  are  executed  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  the  propri- 
etor exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  department. 

UNDT  &  SONS.  Manufacturers  of  Perforated  Metals.  Nos.  88  and  90  Walker  Street.— Messrs.  Charles  Mundt  and  Sons,  manufacturers 
of  perforated  tin,  copper,  brass,  etc.,  of  Nos.  88  and  90  Walker  Street,  New  York,  conduct  a  business  of  extensive  character,  their 
operations  reaching  throughout  the  entire  Union  and  embracing  in  their  sphere  the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  Republics  of 
South  America.  Messrs.  Mundt  and  Sons  manufacture  perforated  metals  for  all  purposes;  their  business  being  largely  with 
brewery  outfitters  and  paper  mill  supply  people,  they  also  having  extensive  dealings  in  perforated  metal  for  the  manufacture  of 

buttons  and  cooking  utensils.  The  specialty  of 
the  house  is  the  manufacture  of  selves  for  centri- 
fugals, for  use  by  sugar  houses  and  refiners;  the 
business  in  this  class  of  goods  being  of  consider- 
able magnitude.  Messrs.  Mundt  and  Sons  ex- 
ecute only  order  work,  and  the  reputation  the 
house  holds  fbr  the  high  class  character  of  its 
goods  is  the  subject  of  envy  throughout  the  trade. 
The  house  has  been  in  existence  for  a  period 
of  ten  years,  during  which  time  its  career  has 
been  a  steady  one.  always  in  the  direction  of  pros- 
perity. The  firm  title  at  the  date  of  the  em- 
barkation in  business,  was  Mundt  &  Creter,  and 
the  present  partnership,  imder  the  name  of 
Mundt  &  Son.  has  existed  for  two  years  past. 
The  business  of  the  house  monopolizes  a  large 
floor.  25  X  100  feet,  and  gives  employment  to  a 
staff  of  five  skilled  assistants.  The  present  part- 
nexs  in  the  concern  are  Charles  Mundt  and  his 
son.  bearing  the  same  name.  The  senior  partner 
is  a  native  of  Germany,  his  residence  in  this 
country  extending  over  a  period  of  twenty-three 
years.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  rare  commercial 
attainments,  being  a  perfect  master  of  the  tech- 
nicalities of  his  business.  Mr.  Mundt,  Jr.,  pos- 
sesses, in  marked  prominence,  all  the  admirable 
qualities  of  his  father.  He  is  also  a  native  of 
Germany,  his  sojourn  in  America  commencing  with  his  babyhood.  The  extended  reputation  of  this  house  and  the  esteem  in  which 
its  partners  are  held  throughout  the  commercial  community  in  which  are  their  operations,  are  facts  to  justify  the  enrollment  of  the  name 
of  Mundt  &  Son  upon  a  record  of  the  representative  business  houses  engaging  in  the  American  metropolis. 

r-r        W.  BLOCK  &  BRO.,  Importers  and  Cutters  of  Rough  and  PoHshed  Diamonds.  Diamond  Jewelry,  Office  No.  9  Maiden  Lane.- la 
-.  I  no  branch  of  the  importers'  trade  is  skillful  management  and  business  talant  more  essential  than  in  that  of  importing  diamonds 

®  I  Among  the  houses  devoted  to  this  line  of  business  are  J.  W.  Block  &  Bro.,  importers  and  cutters  of  rough  and  polished  diamonds  and 

II*  diamond  jewelry.  Since  their  establishment  in  business  in  1878  they  have  occupied  an  office  at  JS'o.  9  Maiden  Lane,  where  they  carry 
a  very  extensive  line  of  goods  for  the  wholesale  trade.  They  do  a  strictly  casli  business.  The  business  operations  of  Block  &  Brother 
duringtheir  thirteen  years  of  active  commercial  duty,  have  been  such  as  to  inspire  the  complete  confidence  of  all  men  with  whom  they 
have  come  into  business  contact.  The  individual  members  of  the  house  are  noted  for  their  honorable  business  methods,  and  stand  as  popu- 
lar representatives  in  their  calling.  John  W.  and  Wesley  S.  Block  comprise  the  firm,  both  born  and  raised  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Missouri, 
and  their  father  and  mother  were  both  born  and  raised  at  the  same  place. 

THE  HAY  LITHO.  COMPANY,  No.  58  Centre  Street.— There  are  few  branches  of  mechanical  and  artistic  industry  in  which 
greater  progress  has  been  made  of  recent  years  than  that  of  lithography,  which  has  many  well-known  exponents  in  this  city.  One 
of  the  best  known  and  most  successful  of  these  is  the  old-established  and  reliable  house  of  the  Hay  Lithographic  Company,  whose 
establishment  is  eligibly  and  centrally  located  at  No.  .58  Centre  Street.  This  business  was  originally  established  a  quarter  of  a  cent- 
ury ago  by  Mr.  Jacob  Hay,  who  was  succeeded  in  l&SG  by  his  brother,  Mr.  Peter  Hay,  under  whose  wise  and  liberal  management  the 
business  has  increased  and  prospered  at  a  rapid  rate,  the  house  now  being  generally  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  lithographic  establish- 
ments in  the  city.  The  premises  occupied  are  spacious  and  commodious,  comprising  an  entire  floor,  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  fitted  up 
with  the  most  improved  machinery  and  appliances  known  to  the  trade,  including  three  modern  presses  driven  by  steam-power.  Employment 
is  given  to  a  large  force  of  skilled  hands,  and  the  facilities  of  the  establishment  for  the  rapid  production  of  first-class  work  are  unexcelled  by 
any  other  establishment  in  the  city.  A  general  lithographing  business  is  carried  on,  a  specialty  being  made  of  fine  colored  theatrical  work 
in  which  branch  the  house  has  achieved  a  most  enviable  reputation.  Mr.  Hay,  the  leading  spirit  in  this  successful  enterprise,  is  a  native  of 
New  York,  and  one  of  our  most  active  and  energetic  young  business  men. 


88&  90  WALKER  STREET  N.Y. 


103  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  GEORGE  L.  SQUIER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY.  Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Americau  Sugar.  Rice  and  Coffee  Machinery, 
No.  195  Water  Street.— One  of  the  most  unique,  important  and  extensive  manufacturing  estabhshmeiits  in  the  United  States  is  that 
of  the  George  L.  Squier  Manufacturing  Company,  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  American  sugar,  rice  and  coffee  maeliinery  and 
other  plantation  machines  and  implements.  The  machines  they  manufacture  are  their  own  inventions,  for  which  they  own  the 
home  and  foreign  patents  and  tliey  are  the  sole  manufacturers  of  them  in  the  world.  These  machines  have  gone  into  general  use 
throughout  the  tropical  world,  and  no  ship  leaves  New  York  for  any  tropical  country  without  carrying  more  or  less  of  them,  especially  for 
Mexico,  Central  America  and  South  America,  the  demand  for  them  is  very  large  and  rapidly  increasing,  and  the  great  impetus  given  to 
trade  with  these  countries  by  the  Pan-American  Congress  and  the  proposed  reciprocity  treaty  will  greatly  enhance  the  demand  for  this 
improved  machinery.  The  factories  of  the  George  L.  Squier  Manufacturing  Company  are  located  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  Glasgow,  Va.,  with 
salesrooms  and  warehouses  in  New  York  City  at  Nos.  189,  191  and  195  Water  Street.  The  foundation  of  this  great  enterprise  was  laid  in  1857, 
by  Mr.  George  L.  Squier,  and  in  1884  the  present  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  a  capital  of 
$:200,000.  Its  officers  are  as  follows,  viz, :  George  L.  Squier,  president;  George  Percy  Squier,  treasurer:  Fred  C.  Squier,  secretary.  The  works 
at  Buffalo  cover  three  acres  of  ground  and  comprise  a  series  of  four-story  buildings  thoroughly  equipped  with  modern  machinery,  a  150 
horse-power  steam  engine,  electric  lights,  etc.,  giving  steady  employment  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  workmen,  while  they  also  operate  a 
factory  in  Virginia,  the  buildings  and  grounds  comprising  seven  acres.  The  business  premises  in  this  city  embrace  three  spacious  buildings, 
five  strtries  each,  which  give  ample  room  for  supplying  the  most  extensive  demand.  In  December,  1890,  this  company  purchased  the  exten- 
sive and  long-established  general  implement,  hardware  and  seed  business  of  tho  Higganum  Manufacturing  Corporation  of  this  city,  success- 
ors of  R.  11.  Allen  &  Co.,  which  was  established  in  1843.  They  now  have  tlie  most  extensive  and  perfect  emporium  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments and  plantation  machinery  on  this  continent,  where  everything  in  these  lines  can  be  found  of  the  best  quality  and  at  the  lowest  prices. 
They  give  special  attention  to  the  export  trade  in  which  they  have  had  long  experience,  and  especially  invite  the  attention  of  export  mer- 
chants to  their  lines  of  goods.  These  lines  comprise  sugar  mills,  horizontal  steam  engines,  wind  engines,  turbine  water  wheels,  evaporators 
for  fire  and  steam,  defecators  for  fire  and  steam,  finishers  for  fire  and  steam,  rice  threshers,  rice  hullers,  rice  separators,  rice  scourers,  rice 
polishers,  coffee  hullers,  coffee  separators,  coffee  polishers,  copper  kettles,  wrought  iron  kettles,  cast-iron  kettles,  juice  pumps,  centrifugals, 
horse-powers,  speed  jacks,  post  steam  engines,  vertical  steam  engines,  French  burr  stone  mills,  iron  corn  mills,  iron  tortilla  mills,  vacuum 
pans  and  pumps,  clariflers,  bone  coal  filters,  tanks,  molds,  sugar  wagons,  cane  cars,  copper  distills,  rubber  presses,  all  sizes  and  kinds  of 
pumps,  and  all  classes  of  agricultural  implements,  hardware  and  seeds.  Every  engine  is  severely  tested  before  shipment  and  is  guaranteed 
to  give  perfect  satisfaction.  The  prices  are  at  bed  rock,  and  qualitj'  considered  are  the  cheapest  quoted  by  any  similar  house  in  the  land. 
Posse-ssed  of  sterling  enterprise,  alert  to  meet  the  most  exacting  requirements  of  customers,  and  manifesting  a  determination  to  keep  their 
products  in  the  van  of  the  market,  this  company  sell  their  engines  and  machinery  and  implements  in  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  The 
president  and  honore<l  founder  of  the  business  was  born  in  Berkshire  County,  Mass.,  and  has  long  been  a  close  student  of  the  progress  made 
in  machinery  and  steam  engineering.  His  success  in  this  important  branch  of  industry  has  been  both  decisive  and  well  deserved.  His  sons, 
the  treasurer  and  the  secretary,  are  natives  of  Buffalo,  and  combine  their  energy  and  vigor  with  the  ripe  experience  of  their  father  to  foFm 
a  corporation  of  commanding  influence,  wide  popularity  and  solid  worth. 

r-w"OHN  C.  HARTFIELD  &  SON.  Compilers.  Printers  and  Publishers  of  Cable  Codes  and  Telegraphic  Cyphers,  Stationers  and  Printers, 
— .  I  No.  9ii  Pine  Street.— The  leading  source  of  supply  in  this  country  for  telegraphic  cyphers  and  cable  codes  is  the  establishment  of 
^  I  Messrs.  John  C.  Hartfield  and  son.  the  well-known  compilers,  printers  and  publishers  at  No.  93  Pine  Street,  in  this  city,  and  also  at 
1  1  No.  9  Coleman  Street,  London,  England.  This  firm  stands  alone  in  their  specialty  in  the  entire  United  States,  and  have  been  engaged 
therein  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years.  Their  office  is  thoroughly  spacious  in  size,  supplied  with  a  Hoe  and  a  Campbell  press, 
three  small  presses,  fully  supplied  with  2"J5,000  words  in  type,  which  are  kept  standing,  and  ample  electric  power,  and  a  large  force  of  skilled 
and  expert  hands  are  constantly  kept  busy.  Cypliers  and  codes  are  here  provided  for  any  business  in  any  size  up  to  300,000  words.  Intend- 
ing buyers  of  codes  will  do  well  to  inspect  this  stock  before  making  a  purchase,  as  the  knowledge  possessed  by  this  firm  concerning  the  tele- 
graphic requirements  of  almost  every  business  enables  them  to  greatly  assist  customers  in  their  selection.  The  senior  partner  has  had 
many  years  experience  in  European  and  East  Indian  business  in  London,  and  in  export,  grain  and  provision  business  in  New  York,  while  he 
has  compiled  and  assisted  in  compiling  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  codes,  and  is  able  to  supply  any  one  with  an  economical,  easy  and  safe 
telegraphic  means  of  communication.  "  Hartfield's  124,000  selected  words  "  is  a  dictionary  which  forms  the  basis  of  Hartfield's  principal 
codes.  The  words  are  selected  from  a  carefully  compiled  collection  of  600,000  words  of  the  languages  authorized  by  the  International  Tele- 
graph Conferences,  and  have  been  checked  by  experts  in  such  a  manner  that  they  differ  in  themselves  by  at  least  two  important  letters,  thus 
giving  tike  utmost  possible  security  against  mutilations,  repetitions  and  mistakes.  His  codes  include  "The  Leviathan  Cable  Code,"  120,000 
words  replete  with  commercial  and  financial  phrases  arranged  in  systematic  order  for  easy  reference;  "The  Option  and  C.  I.  F.  Grain 
Code,"  124,000  words,  every  word  nimibered.  admitting  of  a  great  variety  of  combinations,  and  can  be  used  in  any  business;  the  "Merchant's 
Code,"  61,000  words,  second  only  to  the  "  Leviathan  "  and  "Option  and  C.  I.  F."  for  easy  adaptibility  to  any  business,  and  prior  to  the  pub- 
lication of  the  above  works,  was  pronounced  by  leading  East  India,  China  and  South  American  houses  to  be  the  best  book  in  existence  for 
general  purposes;  the  Acme  Grain  Code,  56,000  words,  and  as  complete  a  code  as  any  grain  house  could  desire  either  U.  K.  or  continental 
business;  the  American-European  Firm  Offer  cotle,  64,<XK)  words,  suitable  for  business  between  the  United  States  and  U.  K.  and  Continent; 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Cable  Code,  56,370  words,  particularly  adapted  to  a  general  business;  the  Bankers."  Brokers,' and  Stock  Operators' 
Telegraph  Code,  15,000  words,  for  messages  regarding  banking  and  stock  operations,  words  all  numbered,  thus  forming  a  cryptograph  and  en- 
suring absolute  secrecy  between  the  parties  using  it;  the  Bankers'  and  Brokers'  Pocket  Code,  8,000  words;  the  Central  American  Cable  Code, 
14.000  words;  the  Anglo-American  Flour  Code,  15,000  words;  the  Interstate  Railway  Telegraphic  Cypher  Code.  IT.OOO  words,  particularly  useful 
to  managers  of  railroads  and  freight  agents;  the  Producers'  Telegraphic  Cypher,  7,500  words;  the  Atlantic  Telegraph  Cypher,  10.000  words; 
Hartfield'E  Social  Code,  4,000  phrases  of  a  social  and  personal  character;  the  Option  Code,  15.000  words,  specially  adapted  to  option  business 
in  land,  grain,  provisions,  coffee,  cotton,  etc.  Having  their  own  private  printing  offices  in  London  and  New  York,  with  unequaled  facilities 
for  this  class  of  work,  thib  firm  easily  challenges  competition  as  regards  both  quality  and  price,  and  has  private  codes  for  such  well-known 
houses  as  those  of  Baring  Bros.  &  Co.,  Brown  Bros.  &  Co..  Brown,  Shipley  &  Co.,  John  Bradshaw  &  Co..  Colonial  Bank,  Edward  Johnston, 
Son  &  Co.,  London,  and  River  Plate  Bank,  Martin  &  Co.,  J.  S.  Morgan  &  Co.,  Naylor,  Benzon  &  Co.,  Neill  Brothers.  Watson,  Medill  &  Co.. 
and  others  of  London;  Balfour,  Williams  &  Co.,  Liverpool.  Drexel.  Morgan  &  Co.,  W.  R.  Grace  &  Co..  Kidder,  Peabody  &  Co..  Standard  Oil 
Trvist,  The  Metal  Exchange,  New  York  Central  R.  R.,  J.  &  W.  Seligman  &  Co.,  and  others  in  New  York  City,  and  many  others  in  America 
and  Europe.  Wliile  making  a  specialty  of  telegraphic  cyphers  and  cable  codes,  they  have  just  issued  The  Pork  Packers'  Telegraphic  Code, 
for  the  use  of  pork  packers  and  provision  dealers.  This  firm  are  prepared  to  do  superior  book  and  job  printing  at  moderate  prices,  and 
will  promptly  furnish  estimates.  The  co-partners,  Messrs.  John  C.  and  J.  W.  Hartfield,  are  natives  of  England,  residents  of  this  country  for 
twenty  odd  years,  and  combine  ripe  experience  with  vigorous  enterprise  to  form  a  firm  of  commanding  influence,  international  prominence 
and  solid  worth. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


161 


TT  jr  A!^HATTAN  TOOL  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  Fine  Tools  and  Intricate  Machinery  for  Watchmakers,  Opticians  and  Machinists, 
IjL\  ^^^^  No-  ^^  Fulton  Street,  Room  8.— The  Manhattan  Tool  Company  is  both  eminently  useful  and  exceptionally  successful  in 
/  1  virtue  of  the  fact  that  it  is  to  all  intents  and  purposes  the  sheet  anchor  of  a  lar^e  number  of  the  most  important  industrial  busi" 
■^  "^  nesses  of  the  country.  It  has  an  office  at  No.  142  Fulton  Street,  upstairs  admirably  appointed  and  25  x  25  feet  in  size,  and  two  lofts 
each  25  x  75  feet,  for  its  manufacturing  operations.  These  latter  are  equipped  in  the  most  complete  manner  for  the  manufacture 
of  fine  tools  and  intricate  machinery  for  watchmakers,  opticians  and  machinists,  for  wliich  it  has  slide  rest  and  screw-cutting  lathes,  shaping 
machioes,  wheel  and  pinion  cutting  machines,  etc.,  driven  by  steam-power,  the  plant  having  cost  a  sum  of  S10,000.  In  the  various  branches 
of  its  bnsrness  the  firm  gives  employment  to  twenty-five  expert  mechanics  and  fitters,  and  in  the  few  years  that  have  elapsed  since  its 
foundation  has  come  to  be  regarded  as  one  highly  qualified  to  undertake  work  of  the  most  difficult  character,  calling  for  the  employment  of 
impleni>ents  of  precision  and  requiring  the  labor  of  specially  skilled  mechanics.  Hence  its  services  are  in  requisition  by  important  local  firms 
and  others  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  house  not  only  undertakes  model  and  experiment  work,  and  the  construction  of  deli- 
cate machinery  and  tools,  but  also  accepts  contracts  for  all  kinds  of  sheet  metal  goods  of  special  patterns  and  devices,  which  it  manufac- 
turers 'to  order  at  the  lowest  prices  compatible  with  the  high  and  workmanlike  finish  for  which  it  is  famed.  A  comprehensive  stock  of 
mate^rial  suitable  to  the  kind  of  goods  the  establishment  constructs  is  kept  constantly  on  hand  in  order  that  requirements  of  patrons  shall 
be  filled  with  due  dispatch.  The  house  was  established  by  Mr.  L.  P.  Valiquet  in  1888.  Mr.  "Valiquet  is  a  young  man  of  Canadian  birth  witli  a 
very  complete  knowledge  of  the  trade,  who  came  to  the  United  States  twenty  years  ago,  and  is  widely  known  in  his  line  of  business  and 
highly  respected  among  his  acquaintances  generally. 


nEWYORK  WOVEN  LABEL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of 
Woven  Labels,  No.  262  Canal  Street.— A  prominent  and  firmly  rooted  industrial 
concern,  whose  labors  have  been  devoted  to  the  production  of  a  specific  and  strictly 
limited  range  of  goods,  with  the  best  results  alike  to  itself  and  the  trades  for  whom 
itcaters.  since  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  iu  1869,  is  the  "  New  York  Woven  Label 
Manufacturing  Company."  of  No.  262  Canal  Street.  This  eminent  and  responsible  house, 
which  now  takes  a  leading  position  in  its  hue  and  has  a  connection  extending  over  all  parts 
of  the  country,  was  inaugurated  by  Mr,  George  H.  Friedhot,  and  he  with  Mr.  George  H. 
Friedhof,  Jr.,  his  son,  since  deceased,  who  was  admitted  to  partnership  some  years  ago,  con- 
stituted the  firm.  The  industrial  operations  of  the  firm  relate  to  the  manufacture  of  woven 
labels,  such  as  shoe  straps,  coat  labels,  dress  labels,  shoe  labels,  eoat  hangers,  linen  labels, 
pant  gussets,  glove  labels  and  the  like,  for  the  production  of  which  on  an  immense  scale  it 
has  a  spacious  factory  at  the  address  indicated  consisting  of  tliree  floors,  with  an  expanse  on 
each  of  2,750  superficial  feet,  and  provided  with  a  very  full  equipment  of  machinery,  specially 
devised  for  such  work,  while  a  staff  of  thirty-six  skilled  operatives  are  regularly  employed. 
The  trade  of  the  house  is  principally  to  order,  and  a  specialty  is  made  of  the  production 
of  artistic  designs.  These  indeed  have  exceptionally  able  interpretation,  and  to  this,  as  well 
as  the  other  distinct  merits  referred  to  and  to  its  ability  to  compete  on  very  favorable  terms 
with  all  other  establishments  in  the  matter  both  of  price  and  quality,  the  firm  owes  its  great 
and  still  increasing  prosperity  and  the  steady  expansion  of  its  trade  with  manufacturing  and 
merchant  houses  in  all  parts  of  the  Union.  The  proprietors  are  gentlemen  well  known  and 
prominent  in  the  commercial  circles  of  the  city. 


FT^LUDLRALL  &  CO..  Importers  of  Havana  Leaf  Tobacco  and  Commission  Merchants,  No.  16  Cedar  Street.— A.mong  the  representative 
LM  houses  of  New  York  in  its  important  field  of  commercial  activity  will  be  found  that  of  Messrs.  Almirall  &  Co..  importers  of  Havana 
I  I  leaf  tobacco  and  general  commission  ftierchants  at  No.  16  Cedar  Street,  with  branch  house  in  Havana,  Cuba.  It  is  now  twentv-five 
/  years  since  this  firm's  business  was  established,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  to-day  no  house  in  its  line  is  more  widely  and  favorably 

known  in  the  trade.  The  premises  in  this  city  are  at  No.  16  Cedar  Street,  where  is  occupied  an  entire  floor  25  x  100  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, fitted  up  in  the  general  style  best  suited  to  the  requij-ements  of  the  business.  The  firm  are  large  importers  of  choice  Havana  leaf 
tobacco  m  all  grades,  and  no  house  in  this  trade  has  better  facilities  for  promptly  and  most  satisfactorily  supplying  its  customers  in  this  con- 
nection. Messrs.  Almirall  &  Co.  are  also  heavy  commission  handlers  of  all  domestic  merchandise,  large  shipments  of  which  are  being  con- 
tinually made  to  Cuba,  where  the  wide  connection  of  the  house  secures  a  profitable  market.  The  trade  in  both  countries  is  both  large 
and  lucrative,  aad  the  general  business  is  of  eminently  prosi>erous  annua!  aggregate.  Mr.  J.  J.  Almirall,  the  founder  and  present  proprie- 
tor of  the  house  which  has  so  long  and  creditably  borne  his  name,  is  a  native  of  Cat-alonia,  Spain,  and  one  of  our  most  astute  and  enterprising 
business  men.  He  is  well  known  in  city  trade  circles,  and  is  everywhere  recognized  as  an  able,  honorable  and  deservedly  successful  mer- 
chant. 


r^OHN  A.  GIFFORD,  Carriage  Makers'  Supplies,  No.  14  Murray  Street  and  No.  17  Park  Place.— One  of  the  largest  and  most  representa- 
—^1  tive  houses  engaged  as  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  carriage  makers'  goods  in  this  city,  is  that  of  Mr.  John  A.  Giflford 
VS'  I  located  at  No.  14  Murray  Street  and  No.  17  Park  Place.  This  business  was  established  in  the  year  1863,  and  has  always  occupied  a 
11  leading  place  in  the  trade,  with  a  connection  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  its  principal  feature  being  the  exportation  of  every 
kind  of  goods  used  by  the  builders  of  carriages  and  other  vehicles,  the  members  of  this  firm  having  travelled  through  Europe.  India, 
Australia  and  South  America,  for  the  purpose  of  introducing  such  goods  of  American  production  in  those  countries.  This  house  is  also  well 
and  favorably  known  throughout  the  United  States  by  all  the  manufacturers  of  every  description  of  vehicle.  Their  widely  extended  and 
constantly  increasing  patronage  is  only  the  just  results  of  their  continuous  efforts  to  serve  the  interests  of  their  customers. 


162  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  NEW  YORK  SILICITE  CO.,  Room  No.  48,  Nos.  40  and  42  Broadway.— Silica  can  justly  be  considered  as  one  of  the  primitive 
earths,  Pure  silica,  or  infusorial  earth,  is  no.-v  mined  under  a  well  defined  system,  in  which  are  brought  into  operation  various 
mechanical  appliances  for  producing  it  abundantly  and  cheaply.  The  leading  house  in  New  York  engaged  in  this  industry  is  the 
New  York  Silicite  Co.,  whose  main  offices  are  located  at  Nos.  40  and  42  Broadway.  This  company  was  organized  in  1884,  and  is  man- 
aged by  H.  N.  Weed,  president;  W.  A.  Weed,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  clay  comes  from  Lyon  Creek,  Md.,  where  the  company 
own  about  two  hundred  acres,  and  operate  extensive  works,  having  a  productive  capacity  of  three  to  four  thousand  tons  per  year.  The  house 
has  built  up  a  reputation  and  a  trade  thoroughly  national  in  ^extent  and  eminently  creditable  in  character.  They  keep  constantly  on  hand 
a  heavy  stock,  and  are  in  a  position  to  fill  all  orders  promptly  and  satisfactorily.  The  silica  mined  and  prepared  by  this  company  is  unsur- 
passed for  purity,  quality,  reliability  and  general  excellence,  and  commends  its  own  superior  merits  to  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  crit- 
ical and  discriminating  buyers.  Wherever  introduced  it  practically  supplants  all  similar  productions,  and  has  served  to  give  this  company  a 
prestige  and  popularity  in  trade  circles  rarely  equalled  in  the  history  of  the  business  in  this  country.  The  demand  is  constantly  increasing  in 
all  parts  9t  the  country,  and  inducements  are  offered  as  regards  both  superiority  of  goods  and  liberality  of  terms  and  prices  which  challenge 
comparison  and  defy  successful  competition.  The  Messrs.  Weed  are  native  New  Yorkers,  enterprising  and  progressive  in  all  their  methods, 
and  their  reputation  in  the  business  world  is  of  the  highest. 

FM.  F.  CAZIN,  Mechanical  and  Mining  Engineer,  Metallurgist  and  Accountant,  Member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engi- 
neers, Room  No.  38,  61  Broadway.— For  thoroughly  expert,  all  round  work  in  the  line  of  mechanical  and  mining  engineering  and 
kindred  branches,  or  for  promptness  and  reliability,  there  are  few,  if,  indeed,  any,  in  New  York  sustaining  a  better  reputation  than 
*  the  gentleman  whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of  this  sketch.  He  ranks  high  in  his  profession,  and  enjoys  a  large  and  flattering 
share  of  recognition,  testing  and  improving  mineral  lands,  and  opening  up  and  developing  mines  in  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Missouri, 
Illinois  and  othersections  of  the  country.  Mr.  Cazin.  who  is  a  man  of  middle  age,  active  and  energetic,  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  been 
in  America  since  1867,  his  residence  being  at  No.  114  Hudson  Street,  Hoboken,  N.  J.  He  is  athoroughly  practical  and  skillful  mechanical  and 
mining  engineer;  also  a  competent  metallurgist  and  accountant,  of  long  and  successful  experience  in  the  various  branches  of  his  profession* 
and  specially  iu  the  construction  and  operating  of  ore  concentration  mills.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 
He  occupies  well  equipped  quarters,  an  office  at  No.  61  Broadway  (Room  38),  and  has  several  efficient  assistants.  Mr.  Cazin  is  prepared  to 
engage  in  all  classes  of  work  in  the  line  indicated,  and  gives  special  attention  to  mining  enterprises,  directing  operations  by  mail  and  tele- 
graph. He  furnishes  drawings  for  mill,  machinery,  etc.;  designs  and  erects  mining  plants,  and  renders  professional  opinions  on  mines 
and  minerals.  Metals  are  examined,  and  personal  supervision  exercised  over  the  refining  thereof,  metallurgy  being  a  specialty,  while  books 
and  accounts  are  made  up  and  accounting  of  every  description  attended  to,  and  all  business  entrusted  to  this  gentleman  is  certain  to  be  exe- 
cuted in  the  most  careful,  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner,  Mr.  Cazin  exercising  immediate  supei'vision  over  every  detail. 

C  SYDNEY  SMITH,  Successor  to  Saxton,  Smith  &  Co.,  Manufacturer  of  of  Gold  Chain  and  Jewelry,  No.  14  John  Street.— Perhaps  no 
more  esteemed  nor  more  widely  known  representative  of  the  jewelry  trade  here  in  New  York  could  be  mentioned  than  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of  this  sketch.  He  has  been  a  prominent  factor  in  the  line  indicated  for  many  years  in  this 
•  city,  and  his  business  career  during  the  entire  period  has  been  marked  by  a  honorable  record,  while  his  well  directed  efforts  in  the 
interim  have  been  productive  of  very  substantial  material  results  likewise.  Mr.  Smith  was  formerly  of  the  firm  of  Saxton,  Smith  & 
Co.,  which  was  established  in  1870,  and  succeeded  the  same  as  sole  proprietor  in  1886,  conducting  the  house  alone  since  with  uninterrupted 
success.  His  factory,  which  is  situated  at  No.  183  Eddy  Street,  Providence,  R.  I.,  is  a  commodious,  well  equipped  establishment,  provided 
with  ample  steam-power  and  the  latest  improved  machinery,  lathes,  tools  and  general  appurtenances,  and  sixty-five  expert  hands  are 
employed  therein,  and  the  liberality  of  Mr.  Smith  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  several  of  the  long  service  employees  share  iu  whatever  pros- 
perity comes  from  any  years'  business— this  by  way  of  a  just  appreciation  of  faithful  and  efficient  attention  to  the  manufacturing  and  sale 
of  the  goods.  He  manufactures  fine  gold  chain  and  jewelry  of  every  description,  in  beautiful  designs  and  exquisite  workmanship,  and  his 
productions  are  in  extensive  and  increasing  demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  while  they  are  exported 
quite  largely  also  to  South  America.  These  goods  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard,  being  noted  for  their  general  excellence; 
and  of  their  merit  no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  atlduced  than  the  enduring  hold  they  have  gained  on  popular  favor  everywhere.  The 
quarters  occupied  as  office  and  salesroom  at  No.  14  John  Street,  this  city,  are  compact,  ample  and  elegantly  appointed,  and  a  massive  safe 
with  several  smaller  ones  are  in  service  here.  A  large  and  magnificent  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock,  comprising  handsome  solid 
chains  in  great  variety  and  artistic  finisli;  elegant  novelties  in  charms,  and  some  half  a  dozen  clerks  and  salesmen  are  in  attendance,  with 
several  representatives  on  the  road  besides.  The  business  is  conducted  on  sound  and  conservative  principles,  while  its  management  is  char- 
acterized by  energy  and  judicious  enterprise,  coupled  with  equitable  and  progressive  methods,  the  terms  quoted  being  of  a  most  liberal 
character,  and  persons  having  dealings  with  this  stanch  and  responsible  house  can  always  feel  assured  of  honorable  and  satisfactory  treat- 
ment. Mr.  C.  Sydney  Smith,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  the  highest  personal  integrity,  as  well  as  a  man  of  long  and  successful  business  experi- 
ence, was  born  on  October  4,  1838,  in  Bristol,  Warren  County.  R.  I.  He  is  a  thoroughly  practical  jeweler  himself,  and  learned  his  art  with 
Palmer,  Richardson  &  Co.,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  working  steadily  at  the  bench  up  to  1^55.  Mr.  Smith  bears  a  very  creditable  war  record,  too. 
and  served  througliout  the  four  years  of  the  "  late  unpleasantness,"  sharing  the  fortunes  of  the  Fourth  Rhode  Island  Regiment,  in  which  he 
rose  from  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  to  quartermaster.  At  the  close  of  the  rebellion  he  became  superintendent  for  Sackett,  Davis  &  Co., 
having  charge  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  hands  for  the  firm,  and  soon  after  was  elected  a  member  of  the  common  council  of  Providence, 
representing  the  sixth  ward  in  the  body  referred  to  in  1868,  1871,  1872,  1873  and  1887,  and  has  also  represented  the  city  of  Providence,  in  both 
branches  of  state  legislature,  and  is  the  present  efficient  mayor  of  that  bustling  city.  He  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Masonic  Order  for 
thirty  years,  and  is  a  prominent  member  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Elmwood  Club  of  Providence. 

GW.  HUBBARD  &  CO..  Drugs.  Etc.,  No.  58  Pine  Street.— One  of  the  old  time  honored  houses  of  this  city  in  its  important  branch  of 
commercial  activity  is  that  of  G.  W.  Hubbard  &  Co..  brokers  in  drugs,  chemicals  and  general  merchandise,  at  No.  58  Pine  Street. 
This  well-known  house  was  founded  as  far  back  as  1860  by  G.  W.  Hubbard,  Esq.,  who  later  was  joined  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Burroughs, 
•  under  the  firm  title  as  above.  Mr.  Hubbard  is  now  out  of  the  firm,  Mr.  Burroughs  being  sole  proprietor  of  the  business,  the  old 
time  honored  title  of  which  is  still  preserved.  The  premises  at  the  above  address  are  all  that  could  be  desired  for  the  purpose, 
every  requisite  business  convenience  and  facility  being  supplied  in  the  generally  complete  appointment.  All  kinds  of  chemicals  and  general 
merchandise  are  handled  on  a  commission  basis,  and  the  house,  through  an  extensive  and  valuable  connection  with  all  sources  of  produc- 
tion and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  market,  is  enabled  to  promptly  and  most  satisfactorily  fill  all  orders  in  this  coimection.  The  volumi- 
nous business  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  house  enjoys  the  merited  destination  of  aleader  in  its  line  of  trade.  Mr.  Burroughs 
is  a  gentleman  long  prominent  and  respected  in  city  trade  circles  as  one  of  the  foremost  merchants  in  his  line. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


163 


THE  HAAS  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Polishing  Materials,  Nickel  and  Electroplaters'  Supplies,  Photographers',  Electrotypers 
and  Druggists'  Chemicals,  Works:  Nos.  500.  503,  504.  506  and  508  W.  Fifteenth  Street.  Offices,  No.  79  Tenth  Ave.— To  nickel  and  elec- 
troplaters, photographers,  electrotypers,  brass  polisliers,  and  others,  there  is  no  mauufaciuring  concern  in  this  city  better  known 
than  the  Haas  Chemical  Co.,  from  whose  factory  so  many  of  their  supplies  emanate.  The  company  has  now  pursued  a  career  of 
gradually  increasing  prosperity  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  during  which  its  ramifications  hare  extended  to  a  great  variety  of  goods 
not  originally  manufactured,  and  its  equipment  in  respect  to  plant  has  been  developed  from  time  to  time,  to  meet  its  expanding  business,  as 
well  as  to  keep  pace  with  the  times  in  respect  to  improved  methods  of  production.  Its  works  consist  of  five  two-story  buildings  each  25  x  100 
feet  in  superficial  area  at  500,  502,  504.  506  and  508  W.  Fifteenth  Street,  and  it  has  also  eligible  offices  at  No.  79  Tenth  Avenue.  The  goods  for 
the  manufacture  of  which  it  has  long  been  famed  among  electroplaters,  nickel  platers  and  polishers,  and  the  allied  trades,  include  rouges, 
compositions,  emery  cakes,  buffs,  nickel  anodes  and  salts,  cleaning  compounds  and  plating  solutions,  cyanide  of  potaali,  crocus,  tripoh,  emery, 
pumice  stone,  potash,  zinc,  copper,  brass,  gold,  tin,  solutions  and  soldering  salts,  chloride  of  silver,  etc.,  as  well  as  a  variety  of  polishing 
preparations,  brushes,  felt  and  machinery.  Chemicals  for  electrotypers  and  photographers,  and  also  dynamo  electric  machines  for  use  in 
those  industries,  are  also  a  great  specialty  of  the  house,  and  it  is  further  regarded  as  the  headquarters  for  natri  lye  {a  substitute  for  potash) 
and  for  chemically  pure  nitrate  of  silver.  In  the  production  of  these  multifarious  requisites,  and  various  druggists' sundries,  no  less  than 
seventy-five  employees  are  engaged,  under  the  immediate  supervision  and  guidance  of  Mr.  H.  L.  Haas,  a  gentleman  of  twelve  years'  experi- 
ence in  the  trade,  who  has  a  very  complete  technical  and  practical  knowledge  of  its  details,  and  who  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  con- 
cern on  January  1, 1891.  A  sixty  horse-power  engine  actuates  the  machinery  employed  at  the  works,  and  a  trade  is  done4n  its  products 
throughout  this  country,  and  by  exportation  to  every  civilized  country  of  the  globe,  three  traveling  salesmen  being  engaged  in  keeping  it  in 
touch  with  its  wide-spread  customers.  i\Ir.  H.  L.  Haas  is  a  native  of  this  city,  thirty-four  years  of  age,  and  is  entitled  to  be  classed  among 
the  most  prominent  of  its  manufacturing  chemists. 

PENNSYLVANIA  AND  DELAWARE  OIL  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  all  Grades  Lubricating  Oils,  No.  139  Front  Street.— Viewed  as  a 
commercial,  factor  the  importance  of  the  oil  interest  in  this  city  can  scarcely  be  overestimated.  The  vast  amount  of  capital  invested, 
the  extent  of  the  operations  and  the  increasing  volume  of  business  transacted  in  the  aggregate  place  it  at  once  among  the  great 
branches  of  trade  in  the  metropolis.  The  activity  in  lubricating  oils  has  been  especially  notable  in  New  York  of  late  years,  and  a 
number  of  big  concerns  have  come  into  prominence  in  the  line  indicated,  among  them  being  that  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware 
Oil  Company,  whose  office  and  warehouse  are  situated  at  No.  139  Front  Street,  with  works  at  Chester,  Pa.  They  are  manufacturers  of  all 
grades  of  lubricating  oil,  and  have  a  wide-spread  and  substantial  business  connection,  their  productions  being  in  extensive  and  growing 
demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  at  which  the  same  are  maintained.  They  also 
manufacture  cordage  oil  which  is  used  on  hemp  before  it  is  made  into  rope.  Heretofore  fish  oil  has  been  used  and  the  advantage  of  cordage 
oil  over  fish  oil  is  its  cheapness  combined  with  no  danger  of  combustion.  This  flourishing  enterprise,  which  represents  the  consolidation  of  the 
old  firms  of  Hopkins  &  Rossel.  Charles  L.  Heverin  and  the  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  Oil  Company,  was  organized  July  1,  1890.  when  the  con- 
cern was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  signal  success  that  has  attended  the  venture  from  its  inception  abundantly 
attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  departure,  to  say  nothing  of  the  excellence  of  the  goods  and  energy  and  ability  displayed  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  business.  The  factory  at  Chester  is  a  capacious  brick  and  frame  structure,  and  is  equipped  with  full  steam-power  and  the  best 
machinery  and  general  appurtenances,  while  a  large  force  are  employed  therein.  The  quarters  occupied  on  Front  Street,  this  city,  are  com- 
modious, ample  and  well  ordered,  and  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  in  service,  the  proprietors  themselves  also  giving  close 
attention  to  every  detail  of  the  business.  About  one  hundred  barrels  are  constantly  kept  on  hand  here  to  meet  any  possible  emergencj-.  ship- 
ments being  made  direct  from  the  works  almost  entirely,  and  all  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  of  lubricating  oils  and  in  any  quantity,  are 
executed  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner.  The  officers  of  the  company,  Messrs.  Richard  Hopkins  and  Ciiarles  L.  Heverjp, 
the  president  and  secretary  respectively,  are  both  men  of  long  and  varied  business  experience  and  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  trade. 


HIMMER  &  ANDERSON  DRY  BATTERY  COMPANY,  No.  20  Vesey  Street.— The  adaptation  of  electricity  by  the  people  of  this 
country  is  something  phenomenal.  Compared  with  the  broad  expanse  of  the  electrical  field  of  to-day,  the  extent  of  whose  horizon 
is  only  limited  by  the  attitude  of  the  observer,  that  of  twenty  years  since  was  meager  indeed.  That  length  of  time  ago  the  thera- 
peutics of  the  electro-medical  battery  was  a  thing  of  suspicion,  and  almost  the  only  direction  in  which  the  fluid  was  performing 
able-bodied  service  was  in  connection  with  the  telegraph.  Empirics  who  knew  just  enough  to  handle  the  electrndes  of  a  galvanic  or 
faradic  machine,  so  as  to  give  more  than  they  received,  were  doctors 
of  electricity,  while  the  manipulator  of  the  telegraph  key  was  looked 
upon  by  the  average  laymen  as  the  master  of  an  occult  science,  the 
practice  of  whose  trade  was  destined  to  flx  his  professional  status 
among  doctors  of  medicine,  theology  and  the  law.  To-day,  in  the 
Niagaric  rush  of  electrical  interests,  these  features  are  almost  lost 
sight  of.  Not  that  those  interests  have  dwindled  or  ceased  to  grow; 
on  the  contrary,  viewed  separately  and  individually,  they  have  each 
developed  and  multiplied  with  marvelous  rapidity,  absorbing  millions 
of  dollars  in  their  progress.  But  great  as  has  been  their  advance- 
ment, they  have  been  practically  dwarfed  by  the  even  more  rapid 
growth  of  brothers  and  sisters  in  the  same  family.  We  are  now  in 
the  electric  age!  The  world  is  looking  on  with  wondering  eyes  at  the 
success  achieved  by  American  electricians  in  the  introduction  of  bat- 
teries, electric  light  systems,  and  electric  novelties,  each  one  more 
wonderful  and  utilitarian  than  its  predecessor,  while  the  work  goes  bravely  on.  One  of  the  enterprising  and  thorouglily  progressive  con- 
cerns in  this  city  engaged  in  this  line  of  production  is  the  Himmer  &  Anderson  Dry  Battery  Company,  who  have  quickly  become  nalionall' 
famous  as  manufacturers  of  dry  galvanic  cells  and  electric  novelties,  with  headquarters  at  No.  20  Vesey  Street,  near  Broadway.  This  com- 
pany established  its  business  here  in  1888,  and  owes  its  foundation  and  success  to  the  enterprise  and  skill  of  two  New  Yorkers.  Vitalis  Him- 
mer, well  known  as  an  electrician,  and  Dr.  Anderson,  a  prominent  chemist  and  practicing  physician.  The  dry  galvanic  cells  invented  by 
this  company  were  given  a  medal  of  special  award  by  the  American  Institute  in  1890,  and  have  already  come  into  widespread  use  by  reason 
of  their  great  utility  and  value.  Another  specialty  of  this  company  is  the  electric  cigar  lighter,  handsome  in  desis:n.  and  highly  appreciated 
by  every  cigar  smoker.  These  and  other  novelties,  and  specialties  of  this  company  are  supplied  to  the  trade  in  quantities  to  suit,  and  at 
terras  and  prices  which  are  eminently  satisfactory  to  buyers.  The  patronage  of  the  house  is  large,  first  class,  and  rapidly  increasing 
throughout  the  entire  United  States,  and  the  future  success  and  permanent  prosperity  of  the  company  is  well  assured.  Mr.  Himmer  is  the 
general  manager  of  the  business,  and  as  an  expert  electrician  of  large  experience,  is  well  fitted  for  the  promotion  of  the  interests  of  the 
company  in  its  important  field  of  usefulness. 


164  HISTOEY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

r-w-OHN  MoCLAVE,  Real  Estate,  No.  60  Cedar  Street.— There  is  no  interest  in  the  great  metropolis  but  what  is  secondary  to  that  of  real 
^^  I  estate,  which  is  the  true  and  secure  investment  for  rich  and  poor  ahlte.  The  ceaseless  activity  in  this  market  and  its  ^reat  niagni- 
®  I  tude  have  enlisted  the  highest  order  o(  Qnancial  talent  and  honorable  method.  Prominent  among  the  best  connected  and  most  en- 
1  I  terprising  houses  in  this  line  is  that  of  Mr.  John  McClave,  located  at  No.  60  Cedar  Street.  This  gentleman  has  been  in  the  real  estate 
business  here  since  1848,  and  brings  to  bear  the  widest  range  of  experience  and  an  iutimate  knowledge  of  the  best  residential  and 
business  sections  of  the  city.  He  has  upon  his  books  at  all  times  full  descriptions  of  the  choicest  properties  placed  upon  the  market,  and  is 
constantly  securing  fresh  bargains  for  investors.  He  buys  and  sells  all  kinds  of  realty,  leases  and  lets  houses,  takes  the  entire  management 
of  estates,  and  transacts  every  branch  of  the  real  estate  business.  A  number  of  the  uptown  avenues  have  been  created  and  others  have 
been  widened  and  materially  improved  through  his  influence.  He  negotiates  loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  and  in  that  capacity  is  of  the 
utmost  service  to  both  borrower  and  lender,  securing  to  the  one  ample  funds  with  which  to  prosecute  his  enterprise,  and  to  the  other  a  safe 
and  profitable  investment.  Mr.  MoClave's  long-time  acquaintance  with  every  section  of  this  city  renders  his  advice  to  intending  investors  of 
the  utmost  value,  and  his  counsel  is  liberally  sought  as  authority  upon  all  matters  relating  to  the  real  estate  business.  He  enjoys  the  fullest 
confidence  of  capitalists  and  land-owners,  and  is  constantly  handling  and  placing  large  sums  of  money  in  mortgages  and  other  securities, 
while  he  has  carried  to  a  successful  issue  many  heavy  and  important  transactions.  Mr.  McClave  is  a  native  New  Yorker  and  one  of  the  old- 
est and  best-known  men  in  real  estate  circles.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Common  Council  in  1854  and  is  one  of  our  soundest,  stanchest  and 
most  influential  citizens. 

THE  WAVERLY  REFINING  CO.,  Syrups  and  Molasses,  No.  50  Dey  Street.— An  examination  of  the  great  industries  of  this  city  reveals 
the  fact  that  there  are  some  houses  that  are  justly  entitled  to  be  termed  representative,  by  the  prominence  that  they  have  achieved 
in  their  peculiar  line  of  business.  In  the  matter  of  handling  syrups  and  molasses.  The  Waverly  Reflning  Company  of  No.  50  Dey 
Street  have  attained  to  a  leading  position,  having  made  it  a  fixed  principle  to  handle  only  the  best  and  finest  commodities  in  this  line. 
This  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  New  Jersey  at  which  place  they  have  large  factories  which  are  equipped  with  all 
the  requisite  facilities  for  the  reflning  of  their  choice  products.  Previous  to  its  organization  in  1889,  the  business  was  carried  on  since  1861 
by  Mr.  M.  Hammerschlag,  the  present  president  of  the  company.  He  is  a  practical  man  in  all  branches  of  this  business,  and  he  has  lately 
concluded  to  produce-and  handle  specialties,  such  as  Rock  Candy  and  Rock  Candy  syrups  and  all  sweets  for  manufacturers'  purposes,  which 
are  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  and  surest  on  the  market,  and  are  in  heavy  and  increasing  demand  by  the  trade  everywhere.  At  the  New 
Y'ork  salesrooms  and  factory,  the  company  occupy  a  five-story  building,  where  they  carry  an  extensive  stock  of  goods  and  all  orders  are  filled 
promptly.  This  is  a  regularly  officered  concern;  the  president  and  manager  is  M.  Hammerschlag,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  has  been  in  the 
United  States  since  1857.  The  vice-president  is  Mr.  J.  C.  Batjer  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  secretary  and  treasurer  is  Charles  F.  Teigeler,  a  native 
of  New  York.  Mr.  Hammerschlag  started  with  the  concern  as  an  apprentice  at  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  the  other  officers  have  grown  up 
with  him  in  the  business.  The  goods  refined  and  sold  by  this  company  are  conceded  to  be  the  finest  in  the  market,  and  are  unexcelled  for 
purity,  quality  and  general  excellence.  The  representative  position  that  The  Waverly  Refining  Company  now  holds,  has  rendered  their  es- 
tablishment a  specially  interesting  feature  of  metropolitan  activity  and  enterprise,  while  the  house  has  gained  the  complete  confidence  of 
the  mercantile  world  through  the  veracity  of  its  officers. 


fl 


OHN  FOX,  Manufacturer  of  Water  and  Gas  Pipes,  Office  No.  160  Broadway.— Keeping  pace  with  the  march  of  progress,  there  has  been 

noticeable  of  late  years,  a  distinct  demand  for  a  superior  class  of  water  and  gas  pipes,  and  the  articles  akin  thereto.   And,  as  a  result, 

_       marked  improvement  has  been  effected  in  the  productions  indicated.     But  while  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  most  of  the  pipe,  fittin;::s, 

*  '      etc.,  now  on  the  market  liave  positive  features  of  merit  to  commend  the  same  to  favor,  the  fact  is  equally  deserving  of  mention,  that 

for  general  excellence  none  yet  introduced  to  public  notice  give  better  satisfaction  than  the  productions  of  John  Fox,  whose  office  is 
at  No.  160  Broadway.  He  is  a  manufacturer  of  water  and  gas  pipes  of  exceptional  merit,  also  wrought  iron  pipe  and  fittings,  stopvalves,  fire 
hydrants,  lamp-posts,  etc.,  with  foundry  at  Reading,  Pa.,  and  has  a  very  large  business,  his  trade  extending  throughout  the  country.  The 
works,  which  are  extensive,  are  a  well  equipped  plant  which  was  erected  two  years  ago,  having  ample  steam-power,  the  latest  improved 
machinery,  huge  blastfurnaces  and  perfect  facilities  generally,  and  employment  is  there  furnished  to  some  three  hundred  in  help,  the  foundry, 
which  has  been  in  operation  since  184S,  being  one  of  the  oldest  and  largest  cocnerns  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  The  quarters  occupied 
as  oftice  at  the  location  above  mentioned  are  commodious  and  well  ordered,  and  half  a  dozen  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed  here,  Mr. 
Fox  himself  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail.  All  orders  for  gas  and  water  pipe,  from  two  to  forty -eight  inches  in  diame- 
ter, are  executed  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner;  also  fire  hydrants,  lamp-posts,  stop  valves,  wrought  iron  pipeand  fit- 
tings and,  in  short,  everything  comprehended  in  gas  and  water  companies' supplies,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  maintained  at  the  very 
lowest  figures  consistent  with  character  of  productions;  and  correspondence  pertaining  to  terms,  quality,  sizes,  etc.,  will  receive  prompt 
response.  Mr.  Fox,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  is  well  and  favorably  known,  alike  in  commercial  circles 
and  in  public  and  social  Hfe,  and  was  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  State  Senate.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  ability,  and  prior  to 
identifying  himself  with  this  prosperous  enterprise  had  been  for  quite  some  time  a  prominent  figure  in  the  political  affairs  of  the  metropo- 
lis and  has  been  elected  by  his  district  to  two  terms  in  Congress,  which  he  filled  with  dignity  and  with  credit  to  both  himself  and  the  party- 
he  so  ably  represented. 

EDWIN  H.  BROWN,  Manufacturer  and  Importer  of  Watch  and  Clock  Glasses,  Fine  Flush  and  Match  Glasses  a  Specialty,  No.  60 
Nassau  Street,  Room  No.  1.  — Of  the  many  and  varied  articles  that  enter  into  the  construction  of  watches  and  clocks,  the  glass  parts 
are  by  no  means  least  in  importance.  The  manufacture  of  glasses  for  the  purposes  indicated  is  not  only  a  distinct  branch  of  art, 
but  also  constitutes  quite  an  extensive  industry  in  itself  in  all  our  great  cities.  Among  the  number  engaged  in  this  particular  line- 
here  in  New  York  there  is  not  one  wlio  is  better  known  or  who  sustains  a  higher  reputation  for  skill  and  reliability,  as  few,  if  any, 
receive  a  more  liberal  share  of  recognition  than  Edwin  H.  Brown,  of  No.  60  Nassau  Street.  He  is  a  manufacturer  and  importer  of  watch 
and  clock  glasses  of  every  description,  making  a  leading  specialty  of  fine  flush  and  watch  glasses,  and  enjoys  an  excellent  patronage,  doing 
a  large  amount  of  work  for  the  trade.  Mr.  Brown,  who  is  a  pleasant  mannered  gentleman  of  middle  age,  was  born  in  England,  and  has 
resided  in  this  country  since  1860.  He  is  a  thoroughly  practical,  expert  workman  himself,  of  long  and  varied  experience  in  the  exercise  of 
his  art,  as  well  as  a  man  of  energy  and  entire  probity  in  his  dealings,  and  has  a  minute  knowledge  of  the  business  in  its  every  feature  and 
detail.  He  bought  out  Rohinr-in  of  No.  8.5  Nassau  Street,  about  four  years  ago  and  moved  to  the  present  place  No.  60  Nassau  Street 
in  1887.  The  quarters  h^re  occupied  (Room  1.  second  floor)  are  compact,  ample  and  well  equipped,  competent  assistants  being  employed, 
and  a  large,  first-class  assortment  is  constantly  kept  in  stock.  Aim. 'Stall  kinds  of  glasses  used  in  the  jewelry  trade  and  kindred  branches 
are  made  by  Mr.  Brown  and  fine  fitting  is  done  in  the  most  expeditious  and  superior  manner,  all  work  executed  by  him  being  warranted  A 
No.  1,  while  his  prices  are  invariably  as  low  as  is  consistent  with  quality  of  material  and  character  of  work;  and  all  orders  receive  imme- 
diate attention. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


165 


HB.  GRIFFING'S  SONS  &  CO.,  Metropolitan  Agricultural  Works,  Farm  Implements,  Fertilizers,  'Wheelbarrows,  Pumps,  Etc.,  No.  70 
Cortlandt  Street.— The  great  farming  opportunities  of  America  have  never  been  matched  by  any  country  in  the  world.  At  the 
same  time  there  is  no  class  of  farmers  who  have  taken  a  deeper  interest  in  improvements  for  properly  operating  their  holdings, 
•  than  the  American  farmer.  The  Metropolitan  Agricultural  Works  of  No.  TO  Cortlandt  Street,  have  manifested  this  fact,  by  the 
■wide  extent  of  their  business.  These  works  are  the  property  of  H.  B.  Grifflng's  Sons  &  Co.,  they  having,  in  1888,  succeeded  Horace 
B.  Grifflng,  who  established  tae  business  in  1854.  They  occupy  two  five-story  buildings,  and  employ  fourteen  persons,  their  functions  oover 
the  dealing  in  farm  implements,  wheelbarrows,  pumps,  fertilizers,  etc..  some  of  their  fertilizers  being  manufactured  upon  the  premises, 
while  others  are  made  by  contract  by  other  manufacturers.  Their  trade  is  strictly  wholesale,  their  great  and  growing  business  extending 
from  Maine  to  California  and  to  foreign  countries,  the  bulk  of  their  out-of-town  trade  being  done  through  commission  merchants  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  States.  All  of  the  members  of  the  firm,  W.  H.  and  E.  B.  Griflfing  and  E.  P.  Bellows,  are  young  gentlemen  and  natives  of 
Long  Island.  They  have  worked  earnestly  during  their  two  years  of  busines.s  tenure,  and  thoroughly  sustained  the  high  name  that  the 
founder  of  this  old  and  reliable  house  made.  The  future  of  this  establishment  is  assured  by  the  excellent  quality  of  the  goods  that  they 
carry,  while  the  members  of  the  firm  of  H.  B.  Grifflng's  Sons  &  Co.  are  held  in  the  highest  esteem  in  business  and  social  circles. 


Bi)WLiN<i  i: 


THE  BAKER  HEATER  COIMPANY,  Car  and  House  Heaters,  Office  and  Showroom,  No.  799  Greenwich  Street.— There  is  perhaps  no 
feature  of  modern  progress  to  which  more  attention  is  given  than  artificial  heating.  And,  as  it  is  needless  to  observe,  notable 
advance  has  been  made  in  the  direction  indicated  of  late  years.  What  with  invention,  improvements  and  sustained  effort,  a  high 
degree  of  perfection  has  been  attained  in  the  apparatus  for  the  purposes  referred  to  by  some  of  our  leading  manufacturers.  And  in 
this  connection,  special  mention  should  be  made  of  car  and  house  heatei-s  of  the  Baker  Heater  Company,  whose  office  and  show- 
room are  at  No.  799  Greenwich  Street,  which  are  productions  of  exceptional  merit,  being  not  surpassed  for  general  excellence  by  anything 
of  the  kind  on  the  market.  These  heaters  are  about  as  nearly  perfect  as  science,  skill  and  years  of  experimenting  can  make  them,  and  com- 
mand an  extensive  sale.  Mr.  W.  C.  Baker,  the  head  of  this  concern,  is  a  gentleman  somewhat  past  the  meridian  of  life,  but  still  active  and 
energetic,  an  expert  in  heating  appliances,  and  controls  at  least  one  hundred  patents  pertaining  thereto.  He  is  a  man  of  long  and  varied 
experience  in  this  line,  and  prior  to  the  inception  of  the  Baker  Heater  Company,  in  187.5,  was  tor  some  fifteen  years  senior  member  of  the  firm 
of  Baker,  Smith  &  Co.,  in  the  same  branch  of  business  in  this  city.  The  premises  occupied  at  the  location  above  mentioned,  comprise  four 
50  X  75  fiiet  floors,  with  a  neat  office  and  well  ordered  sales  department,  and  an  efficient  staff  is  always  in  attendance  here .  A  large  and 
varied  assortment  of  car  and  house  heaters  is  constantly  kept  on  hand,  and  every  article  offered  for  sale  is  fully  warranted,  while  the  prices 
quoted  are  certainly  very  moderate,  character  of  productions  considered ;  and  purchasers  at  this  rehable  estabUshment  are  assured  of  get- 
ting first-class  value  and  satisfactory  treatment. 


16(3  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

rr-w-RTHUR  S.  HOYT,  Manufacturer  of  Glue  and  Sizing,  Office  No.  120  Chambers  Street.— One  of  the  most  enterprising  youn;<  business 
LM  men  located  on  this  popular  trade  thoroughfare  is  Mr.  Arthur  S.  Hoyt,  manufacturer  of  glue  and  sizing  at  No.  12Q  Chambers  Street^ 
I  I  Mr.  Hoyt  has  been  engaged  in  the  present  enterprise  for  the  past  three  years,  and  by  well  directed  and  persevering  efforts  nas  reared 
/  a  prosperous  and  growing  business.    The  premises  at  the  above  address  are  commodious,  well  arranged  and  supplied  with  all  req. 

uisite  business  conveniences  and  facilities.  The  production  of  theestablishment  comprises  superior  grades  of  gkie  aud  sizing  manu- 
factured expressly  for  the  trade.  These  articles  by  reason  of  their  high  degree  of  general  excellence  have  attained  an  enviable  popularity 
in  the  market  and  command  an  extensive  sale  throughout  this  country  and  for  export.  Blr.  Hoyt  is  a  native  of  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.  He 
came  to  this  city  in  1885,  and  two  years  later  embarked  in  the  business  with  which  he  has  since  been  most  successfully  identified. 

Y  T'EYSTONE  WATCH  CASE  COMPANY.  No.  12  Rlaiden  Lane.— One  of  the  largest  establishments  in  the  world  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ly       ture  of  watch  cases  is  that  of  the  Keystone  Watch  Case  Company,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.     Tliis  enterprise  was  inaugurated  m  1875,  and 
I  \       after  some  changes  the  present  company  was  organized  in  1885,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000.    The  company  employs  a  torce  of 
V    eighteen  hundred  hands  at  the  factory  and  operates  branch  establishments  in  New  York  and  Chicago.    The  New  York  nouse  is 
located  at  No.  12  Maiden  Lane,  and  is  under  the  experienced  management  of  Mr.  John  L.  Shepherd  as  agent  for  the  company.    The 
Keystone  Watch  Case  Company  have  an  international  reputation  as  extensive  manufacturers  of  gold  and  silver  watch  cases  of  rich  and  ele- 
gant design  in  great  variety  suited  to  the  requirements  of  all  classes  of  dealers,  and  commen^ng  their  own  superior  merits  to  the  confidence 
and  patronage  of  the  most  critical  and  discriminating  of  buyers.     The  leading  kinds  of  watch  cases  with  trade-marks  made  by  this  company 
are  the  "Keystone"  solid  gold,  "  Jas.  Boss"  extra  filled,  "  Jas.  Boss"  14  k.  filled,  "  Jas.  Boss  "  10  k.  filled,  "Union"  extra  rolled  plate, 
"  Cyclone  "  rolled  plate.  Leader  silver  and  silveroid.     The  "  non-pull-out "  bow,  burglar-proof,  is  to  be  had  only  upon  this  company's  make  of 
cases.    They  have  numerous  other  distinguishing  features  and  peculiarities  of  invention  which  are  secured  by  patent  and  are  offered  to  the 
trade  at  terms  and  prices  which  are  safe  from  successful  competition.    They  are  sold  extensively  in  all  sections  of  the  United  States  and  are 
also  largely  exported  to  Europe,  South  America,  Mexico,  the  West  Indies,  Australia,  Canada  and  other  foreign  ports.    Mr.  Shepherd,  the 
agent  in  this  city,  was  born  in  Virginia,  served  in  the  Union  Army  from  "61  to  '64,  and  came  to  New  York  in  1878.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
U.  S.  Grant  Post.No.  327  G.  A.  R.  of  Brooklyn,  and  of  the  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  stands  deservedly  high  in  social  and  business  circles.      Repre- 
senting this  giant  corporation  in  this  important  territory,  Mr.  Shepherd  is  in  a  position  to  conduct  all  operations  under  the  most  favorable 
auspices,  and  to  meet  the  most  exacting  demands  of  a  large  aud  critical  trade  with  promptitude,  exactness  and  entire  success. 

T^    LOYD  PERRY,  Real  Estate  Broker,  No.  171  Broadway.— The  rapid  progress  of  the  metropolis,  and  the  wonderful  development  of  her 

I   /jjv    real  estate  interests  is  largely  due  to  the  well-directed  efforts  of  her  representative  real  estate  brokers,  prominent  among  whom  is 

I    \      Mr.  Lloyd  Perry,  whose  office  is  eligibly  located  at  No.  171  Broadway.    This  gentleman  has  been  established  in  the  business  since 

*      *     1875,  and  brings  to  bear  special  qualifications,  so  that  those  contemplating  the  purchase  of  property  can  fully  rely  upon  his  sound 

judgment  and  judicious  advice  to  secure  the  most  desirable  and  remunerative  investments.     He  is  thoroughly  posted  locally,  having 

an  intimate  and  complete  knowledge  of  every  section  of  the  city  as  well  as  the  surrounding  country,  and  offers  the  most  desirable  Dargains 

in  houses,  flats,  stores  and  vacant  lots.     He  is  public -spirited  and  energetic,  exercising  the  soundest  judgment  in  every  department  of  the 

business  and  has  developed  widespread  connections,  carrying  through  to  a  successful  issue  many  important  and  valuable  transactions.     He 

has  large  lists  of  properties  for  sale  in  all  desirable  sections  of  the  city,  at  prices  wliich  offer  the  most  substantial  inducements  to  mvestors, 

and  also  does  a  fine  business  in  house  and  flat  letting.    He  can  readily  suit  the  most  exacting  tenant,  and  parties  wanting  a  house  or  flat 

should  call  on  him,  and  he  can  promptly  meet  every  demand.    He  negotiates  loans  on  bond  and  mortgage  at  lowest  rates  and  for  nominal 

charges,  while  he  is  everywhere  regarded  as  one  of  New  York's  most  progressive  real  estate  brokers  having  the  keenest  insight  into  values 

present  and  prospective,  and  his  wide  circle  of  customers  place  the  fullest  reliance  upon  him  as  au  accurate  appraiser,  and  one  of  the  ablest 

exponents  in  New  York  realty.     He  is  ever  6n  the  alert  to  protect  the  best  interests  of  his  customers,  and  has  the  brightest  prospects  of 

future  usefulness  and  increasing  prosperity  ever  before  him.    In  addition  to  the  above,  Mr.  Perry  is  also  a  member  of  the  bar  and  attends  to 

his  own  real  estate  business. 

-ir  Tf  ALTBY,  HENLEY  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Hardware.  Plated  Ware  and  Revolvers,  and  Manufacturers'  Agents,  No.  20  Warren 
/%/ 1  Sti-eet.- A  most  important  and  valuable  mercantile  factor  in  the  great  metropolis  is  the  establishment  of  Messrs.  Maltby,  Henley 
/  B  *^  CIo.,  the  well-known  manufacturers  of  hardware,  plated  ware  and  I'evolvers,  and  manufacturers"  agents,  at  No.  20  Warren 
Street.  During  its  long  and  useful  career  this  house  has  brought  out  many  of  the  most  practically  useful  hardware  novelties 
known  to  the  trade,  and  which  have  secuz'ed  and  retained  a  world-wide  demand.  The  business  was  established  in  1873,  by  Messrs 
Maltby,  Curtiss&  Co.,  who  were  succeeded  by  the  present  firm  in  188.^.  The  main  business  at  the  start  was  the  manufacture  and  sale  of 
Capewell's  patent  nail  puller  and  box  opener.  In  1881  they  added  the  business  of  dealing  in  plated  ware,  as  sale  agents  for  the  Maltby,  Ste- 
vens A  Curtis  Co.,  of  Wallingford,  (^nn.,  and  have  since  become  interested  in  the  house  of  Otis  A.  Smith,  manufacturer  of  pistols,  at  Rock- 
ville.  Conn.,  also  owners  of  a  factory  at  Waterbury,  Conn.,  for  the  production  of  nail  pullers  and  hardware  specialties;  and  selling  agents 
for  the  West  Silver  Co..  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  manufacturers  of  hollow  ware,  and  for  the  William  Rogers  Manufacturing  Co.,  and  Rogers  Cut- 
lery Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.  The  record  of  the  growth  of  this  firm's  business  is  remarkable.  The  world-wide  reputation  of  its  specialties,  aud 
the  excellence  of  all  the  goods  it  handles,  is  thoroughly  known  to  the  hardware  trade.  Their  giant  nail  puller  is  now  in  general  use  in  large 
business  houses  in  all  parts  of  this  country  and  in  China,  Australia,  Mexico,  South  America.  Canada  and  Europe;  while  there  is  an  increas- 
ing demand  from  the  smaller  retail  houses  and  from  carpenters,  plumbers  and  farmers,  as  the  saving  advantagt*  of  this  tool  is  brought  to 
their  notice.  Their  numerous  other  specialties  include  Capewell's  patent  diamondized  metal  knife  steels,  Woodward's  patent  glass  cutting 
tools,  with  diamondized  cutters,  Delmonico's  patent  can  openers,  the  new  "  silver  king  "  rink  skates,  the  Sutton  ice  skates,  the  new  improved 
shell  ejecting  revolver,  the  new  metropolitan  police  repeater,  with  patent  safety  lock.  Norwich  Pistol  Co.'s  revolvers,  the  new  safety,  ham- 
meriess  revolvers,  the  Rogers  plated  goods,  German  silver  spoons  and  forks,  cocoa  and  britannia  dippers,  lemon  squeezers,  t^gg  beaters,  call 
bells,  nutmeg  graters,  matchboxes,  nut  cracks,  ice  picks,  shears  and  scissors,  wrenches,  etc..  etc.  Nowhere  in  the  United  States  can  be 
found  so  reliable  and  comprehensive  a  stock  of  goods  in  tliis  line  as  here.  It  is  an  immense  assortment,  and  one  that  reflects  the  highest 
credit  upon  the  sound  judgment  of  the  proprietors.  The  Arm's  commercial  relations  may  be  said  to  extend  all  over  the  world,  while  goods 
of  their  manufacture  are  the  standard  of  excellence  everywhere.  A  corps  of  talented  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  house  upon  the 
road,  and  the  largest  orders  receive  prompt  and  perfect  fulfillment.  New  York's  supremacy  in  commerce  is  dependent  upon  the  existence 
of  just  such  houses  as  this,  and  the  firm  of  Maltby.  Henley  &  Co.  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  large  measure  of  success  attending  their 
ably  and  honorably  directed  enterprise.  The  members  of  this  responsible  firm  are  Messrs.  D.  F.  Maltby.  W.  I.  Henley  and  Julius  Maltby. 
The  Slessrs.  Maltby  are  natives  of  Connecticut,  and  reside  in  Waterbury.  where  Mr.  D.  F.  Maltby  is  owner  of  the  Waterbury  Needle  Co.;  and 
his  son,  Mr.  Julius  Maltby,  is  manager  of  the  firm's  factory  at  Wallingford.  Mr.  Henley  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  was  traveling  sales- 
man for  Messrs.  Maltby,  Curtiss  &  Co.,  and  came  into  the  firm  in  1885.  Their  house  is  one  of  the  most  conservative,  as  well  as  successful,  in 
the  country. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  167 

HERMAN  LEVY.  Importer  of  Diamonds,  Carbon  and  Bortz.  Nos.  64  ami  06  John  Street.— Few  departments  of  commercial  and  industrial 
activity  have  attained  greater  perfection,  or  more  deserved  reputation  in  New  York,  than  the  importation  of  diamonds,  carbon  and 
l)ijrtz.  a  Ime  of  trade  in  whicli  Hernmu  Levy  is  engaged  at  Nos.  64  and  66  John  Street.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  this  line  in 
New  York,  Mr.  Levy  having  founded  his  business  in  1874.  He  gives  employment  to  a  number  of  persons  and  controls  a  plant  which 
he  values  at  $12,000.  His  is  one  of  the  largest  diamond  importing  bouse  in  the  United  States.  He  imports  and  cuts  diamonds  and 
supplies  them  to  the  trade,  a  branch  of  business  which  affords  him  a  very  large  annual  profit.  He  has  a  flue,  neat  and  modernly  appomted 
floor,  25x85  feet,  upstairs,  and  keeps  a  faultless  display  of  the  highest  grade  of  goods.  His  plant  is  supplied  with  the  most  modern  macluner  7 
and  propelled  by  steam-power.  Mr.  Levy  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  been  forty  years  in  the  United  States  and  is  now  in  the  very  prime 
of  life.  He  is  a  reliable  merchant  and  personally  one  of  the  best  known'and  most  popular  business  men  in  this  city.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to 
add  that  he  is  a  man  of  wide  commercial  knowledge,  as  the  eminent  degree  of  prosperity  he  now  enjoys  affords  ample  evidence  of  it. 

THE  ADAMS  &  WESTLAKE  COMPANY,  Car  TrimmiDgs,  No.  115  Broadway.— The  present  age.  notwithstanding  its  many  other  distin- 
guishing features,  is  pre-eminently  the  railroad  age,  and  the  influence  and  power  of  this  overshadowing  institution  of  this  century  is 
felt  in  every  phase  of  social  and  commercial  life.  The  furnishing  and  equipping  of  car  interiors  is  nowadays  a  special  business, 
standing  on  the  same  plane  as  any  other  in  the  list  of  staple  lines  of  trade,  and  the  foremost  representative  of  this  branch  of  mercan- 
tile activity  is  the  Adams  &  Westlake  Company  of  Chicago,  whose  eastern  office  is  located  at  No.  115  Broadway,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  C.  A.  Hitchcock  who  has  been  the  agent  for  the  company  at  this  point  for  a  number  of  years  past.  This  oonipany  has  been  in 
operation  in  Chicago  since  1809,  and  is  the  consolidation  of  the  Adams  &  Westlake  Manufacturing  Company  and  the  Union  Brass  Manufac- 
turing Company  of  that  city.  It  is  the  largest  and  leading  corporation  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  It  gives  steady  employment  to  one  thousand 
hands,  and  its  trade  reaches  to  all  portions  of  the  globe.  Its  output  embraces  a  full  line  of  car  seats,  car  lamps,  switch  and  engine  signals, 
locomotive  headlights,  car  window  ventilators,  pump  and  tank  fixtures  for  sleeping  cars,  door  springs,  door  locks,  coach  door  and  switch 
keys,  water  coolers,  toilet  fixtures,  lamps  and  lanterns  for  general  railroad  use.  burners,  faucets,  oil  tanks,  buffet  stoves,  bell  cord  fixtures, 
berth  fixtures,  mail  car  trimmings,  sash  springs,  blind  bolts,  bell  hangers,  basket  racks,  spittoons,  and  all  manner  of  brass  work  used  in  car 
interiors;  also  street  car  and  platform  lights,  student  lamps  and  engineers"  supplies  generally.  The  goods  of  this  company  have  received  the 
highest  encomiums  from  railway  officers  everywhere  as  the  perfection  of  utility,  reliability  and  excellence,  and  are  the  standard  in  all  the 
markets  of  the  world.  Orders  received  at  the  New  York  office  are  filled  direct  from  the  works  with  the  greatest  promptness  and  care,  and 
all  transactions  are  placed  on  a  substantial  and  satisfactory  basis. 

"-W-ULIUS  SCHUBERT,  Mechanical  and  Consulting  Engineer,  Nos.  21-24  State  Street,  Room  516  Chesebrough  Building.— Not  many,  it 
^-^  I  indeed,  any,  amon^?  the  younger  mechanical  engineers  of  tliis  city  enjoy  a  higher  reputation  for  skill  and  reliability  than  the  gentle- 
V©'  I  man  whose  name  heads  the  present  sketch.  He  has  attained  front  rank  in  his  profession,  and  receives  a  very  flattering  measure  of 
i  I  recognition,  doing  a  large  amount  of  work  in  designing  and  constructing  asphalt  paving  machinery,  etc.  Mr.  Schubert,  who  is  a  man 
in  the  prime  of  life,  was  born  and  educated  in  Germany,  but  has  been  in  this  country  since  he  finished  his  education,  residing  in 
Brooklyn  for  a  long  time.  He  is  a  thoroughly  practical  draughtsman  and  all  round  mechanical  and  consulting  engineer,  of  some  twenty 
years'  experience,  and  is,  in  short,  an  expert  in  all  branches  of  his  art.  He  has  been  established  here  since  1888,  and  during  tlie  interimhas 
been  steadily  winning  his  way  to  favor  and  patronage,  achieving  a  distinct  success  in  the  special  line  above  indicated,  Mr.  Schubert  occu- 
pies well  equipped  quarters  as  ofBce  on  the  fifth  floor.  Room  No.  516  Chesebrough  Building,  Nos.  21-^4  State  Street,  and  has  several  eflicienii 
assistants,  exercising  immediate  supervision  himself  over  every  detail  of  the  business.  He  is  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes  of  work  com- 
prehended in  his  line,  furnishing  designs  for  all  kinds  of  engines,  machinery  and  mechanical  appliances,  at  short  notice,  and  gives  particu- 
lar attention  to  asphalt  paving  machinery.  Machinery  of  every  description  is  constructed  to  order,  likewise,  and  manufacturing  plants  are 
equipped,  while  professional  opinions  are  rendered,  consultations  being  a  specialty ;  and  all  work  entrusted  to  this  gentleman  is  certain  to 
be  executed  in  the  most  expeditious,  capable  and  satisfactory  manner. 

STANDARD  METAL  TIE  AND  CONSTRUCTION  CO.,  No.  15  Cortlandt  Street.- Energy  and  enterprise  seldom  fail  to  produce  success- 
ful results  in  any  branch  of  commercial  industry,  and  wlien  well  directed  almost  invariably  lead  to  success  in  all  the  walks  of  life.  As 
a  noteworthy  example  of  this  we  would  call  attention  to  the  comparatively  recent  industry  of  the  Standard  Metal  Tie  and  Construc- 
tion Co.,  which  was  incorporated  in  1887  and  whose  New  York  office  is  conveniently  located  at  No.  16  Cortlandt  Street.  The  ties  man- 
ufactured by  this  responsible  company  are  in  constant  service  on  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  and  Belt  railway  of  Chicago,  where 
the  entire  traffic  of  six  roads  passes  over  them.  They  have  been  endorsed  by  the  leading  engineei-s  of  the  country  and  the  company  invite 
inspection  and  criticism.  Sections  of  these  ties  may  be  seen  at  Dearborn  Street  Station,  Chicago,  and  at  the  home  office,  No.  15  Cortlandt 
Street,  New  Y'ork.  The  ties  are  also  used  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Co's.  R.  R.  The  points  of  advantage  which  these  ties  have  over 
all  others  may  be  briefly  stated  here.  First:— It  converts  the  rails  and  ties  into  one  continuous  structure,  and  each  tie  assists  its  neighbor  so 
that  the  whole  has  much  greater  resistance  to  sinking  than  wooden  ties  or  other  forms  of  metal  ties,  where  only  individual  support  is  had. 
Second:— Fish  plates  and  angle  bars  are  dispensed  with,  and  the  drilling  of  rails  is  unnecessary.  The  rail  is  held  upright  and  the  joints  are 
perfectly  smooth  without  possibility  of  deflection;  thus  they  ride  easy  and  lesson  the  wear  to  both  rails  and  rolling  stock.  Third:— All  the 
fastenings  are  operated  from  the  top  without  any  disturbance  of  the  road  bed,  and  if  necessary  they  can  \ie  replaced  with  the  least  possible 
labor  and  expense,  while  with  all  the  other  forms  of  metal  ties,  any  break  of  their  fastenings  necessitates  the  removal  of  the  tie  from  the 
road  bed.  Fourth:— It  is  as  easy  to  tamp  as  a  wooden  tie,  while  with  other  metal  ties  of  inverted  section  it  is  all  but  impossible  to  get  a  firm 
foundation  below  them  when  originally  laid,  and  subsequent  tamping  is  impossible.  Fifth:— They  prevent  rails  from  spreading  and  upset- 
ting, and,  by  holding  the  rail  base  firmly  throughout  its  entire  length,  make  the  breaking  of  a  rail  all  but  impossible— in  tact,  producing  an 
absolutely  safe,  elastic,  permanent  way,  upon  which  the  greatest  speed  can  be  made  with  an  appreciable  saving  in  motive  power,  the 
absence  of  low  joints  and  the  general  smoothness  of  the  track  being,  in  the  opinion  of  the  best  experts,  very  marked.  Sixth:— The  cost  of 
laying  these  ties  is  much  less  than  wooden  ties;  actual  experiments  demonstrating  that  a  gang  of  men  can  lay  twice  as  many  in  the  same 
number  of  hours.  Seventh:— The  cost  of  maintenance  is  very  much  below  that  of  the  ordinary  track  of  wooden  ties,  and  in  the  item  of  road 
gang  wages,  at  least  one-half  can  be  saved.  This  item  alone  will  extinguish  the  extra  first  cost  in  five  years,  i.  e.,  crediting  the  steel  ties  with 
the  saving  in  maintenance  during  five  years,  and  counting  the  cost  of  the  first  renewal  of  wooden  ties  and  its  attendant  expenses.  Eighth:— 
If  the  ultimate  life  of  the  steel  tie  is  taken  into  consideration  as  well  as  the  economy  in  its  maintenance,  the  total  saving  will  be  upward  of 
six  hundred  dollars  per  miles  per  year,  to  which  must  be  added  that  unknown  factor— accidents  caused  by  imperfect  track,  which,  to  say  the 
least,  are  expensive.  Ninth:— It  is  the  only  metal  tie  that  can  be  applied  to  a  bridge  or  elevated  structure.  Tenth:— The  Standard  Steel  Ties 
are  the  cheapest  metal  ties  in  the  market.  These  ties  are  manufactured  at  the  Homestead  Works  of  Carnegie,  PhippsA  Co.,  at  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  but  all  business  is  transacted  at  the  New  Y'ork  office.  The  management  is  thoroughly  enterprising,  progressive  and  liberal,  and  the  busi- 
ness transacted  forms  an  important  factor  in  the  commercial  activity  of  the  metropolis. 


168  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

BISSELL  CARPET  SWEEPER  CO.,  Eastern  Branch,  No.  103  Chambers  Street.— There  is  not,  perhaps,  within  tlie  wide  domain  of  the 
arts  and  manufactures  any  distinct  sphere  in  whicJi  native  skill  and  ingenuity  have  been  displayed  to  more  purpose  iu  this  country 
of  late  years  than  in  the  invention  and  construction  of  useful  mechanical  specialties  of  a  household  character.  Indeed,  in  the  par- 
ticular feature  of  progress  indicated,  Yankee  genius  has  been  long  proverbial,  the  productions  of  American  brain  and  hand  being 
accorded  unequivocal  recognition  throughout  the  civilized  planet.  Notable  among  the  meritorious  devices  thus  referred  to  are  the 
justly  famed  carpet  sweepei-s  manufactured  by  tlie  Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Co.,  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  with  eastern  branch,  T.  W.  Wil- 
liams, manager,  at  No.  103  Chambers  Street,  this  city,  with  branch  houses  in  Boston,  London,  Paris  and  Hamburg,  which  have  secured  an 
enduring  hold  on  popular  favor  the  world  over,  owing  to  the  manifest  superiority  thereof,  being  articles  of  exceptional  excellence,  the 
Bissell  brands,  viz.:  the  Bissell  Grand  Rapids,  Bissell  Gold  Medal,  Superior,  Prize.  Bissell  Cosmopolitan,  Standard.  Grand,  Hall  Sweeper,  Crown 
Jewels,  Nos.  1,2  and  3,  "Furniture  Protector,"  etc.,  etc.,  are  by  universal  consent  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  carpet  sweepers,  and  are,  without  com- 


parison, the  most  perfect,  effective,  durable,  most  easily  operated,  and  altogether  superior  appliances  for  the  purposes  intended  ever  placed 
on  the  market.  They  command  an  immense  sale  throughout  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  and  are  exported  extensively  to  Central 
and  South  America,  Europe,  Australia,  and,  in  short,  all  over  the  earth,  while  the  demand  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  substantial  increase. 
Besides  the  articles  above  noted,  the  company  are  also  manufacturers  of  the  sweepers  formerly  manufactured  by  the  Grand  Rapids  Sweeper 
Co.,  and  the  Michigan  Sweeper  Co.,  and  the  capacity  of  the  works,  which  are  the  largest  factories  of  the  kind  in  existence,  is  about  1,200  sweepers 
daily.  The  Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Co.,  of  which  Mrs.  M.  R.  Bissell  is  president,  C.  B.  Judd,  vice-president,  seci-etary  and  manager,  and 
M.  Shanahan,  treasurer,  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Michigan  about  nine  years  ago  and  has  a  paid-up  capital  of  $300,000,  and  the 
signal  success  that  has  attended  the  enterprise  from  its  inception  abundantly  attests  the  merit  of  the  productions,  as  well  as  tlie  wisdom  that 
inspired  the  venture.  Mr.  Williams,  the  efficient  New  York  representative  of  the  company,  has  been  manager  of  their  eastern  branch  since 
the  concern  was  organized,  and  lias  charge  of  the  export  department  likewise.  He  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  a  man  of  energy 
and  excellent  business  ability,  giving  close  attention  to  every  detail,  and  is  assisted  by  several  clerks.  He  occupies  commodious  quarters  as 
office  and  salesroom  at  No.  103  Chambers  Street,  and  carries  on  hand  here  always  a  full  sample  stock  which  includes  some  thirty-five  differ- 
ent varieties  of  carpet  sweepers.  All  orders  are  filled  direct  from  the  factory  and  from  New  York  and  Boston  offices,  in  the  most  expedi- 
tious and  trustworthy  manner,  both  for  home  trade  and  export,  and  substantial  inducements  are  offered  to  dealers  and  exporters,  while  cor- 
respondence pertaining  to  prices,  goods,  etc.,  receives  prompt  response. 

rrw       S.  WHITON,  Steel  and  Iron  Rails,  Steel  Blooms  and  Steel  Rail  Crops,  Old  Rails  and  Railway  Supplies,  No.  115  Broadway.— One  of 

L3        the  most  prominent  houses  in  the  United  States  engaged  in  the  sale  of  steel  and  iron  rails,  steel  blooms  and  steel  rail  crops  is  the 

I    I        establishment  of  Mr.  A.  S.  Wliiton  located  at  No.  115  Broadway,  who  is  a  general  commission  merchant  for  railway  supplies.    The 

/         •  business  was  established  in  1861  and  in  the  years  intervening  has  developed  a  business  of  a  character  and  caliber  second  to  none  in 

the  line,  and  which  is  co-extensive  with  the  boundaries  of  the  United  States.    The  stock  consists  of  old  rails  and  railway  supplies, 

railroad  scrap  iron  which  is  handled  in  car  load  lots  on  order.    Contracts  are  made  for  delivery  in  the  United  States,  West  Indies,  South 

America  or  F.  O.  B.  English  ports.     The  resources  of  this  house  are  large,  its  connections  perfected  and  its  facilities  unrivaled.     Such  a  house 

as  this  proves  of  inestimable  value  to  a  great  commercial  center,  and  by  its  operations  conduces  greatly  to  the  activity  of  trade,  affording 

substantial  advantages  to  both  seller  and  buyer.    Mr.  Whiton  is  a  native  of  New  York,  is  president  of  the  Citizens  Mutual  Life  Insurance 

Association  and  was  one  of  its  organizers;  before  they  became  embarrassed,  he  was  agent  for  the  Mossby  Steel  Iron  Company,  of  Worthington, 

England,  and  still  has  a  correspondent  in  London.    He  has  achieved  an  enviable  reputation  in  our  leading  financial  and  commercial  circles 

and  is  a  gentleman  of  integrity  and  ability,  abundantly  worthy  of  the  large  measure  of  success  attending  his  well  directed  efforts. 

HENRY  D.  McCORD,  Grain,  No.  94  Broad  Street.— Few,  if  indeed  any.  among  New  York's  representative  grain  and  feed  merchants  are 
better  known  or  maintain  a  higher  standing  in  commercial  circles  than  the  ge.tleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He  has  been 
prominent  in  the  line  indicated  for  some  twenty-one  years,  and  his  trade,  which  is  of  a  substantial  character,  affords  evidence  of  con- 
stant and  material  increase.  Mr.  McCord,  who  is  the  owner  of  the  big  floating  grain  elevator  "  Columbia,"  with  a  capacity  of  80,000 
bushels  and  built  by  him  about  a  year  ago  at  a  cost  of  S'^0.000,  being  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  harbor,  was  formerly  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Knapp  &  McCord,  established  in  1870,  and  succeeded  the  same  as  sole  proprietor  in  1887.  The  building  occupied  by  him  as  office 
and  warehouse  on  Broad  Street  is  a  capacious  five-story  structure,  with  ample  and  complete  facilities  and  a  large  force  of  help  is  employed, 
while  a  number  of  teams  deliver  throughout  the  city  and  suburbs.  A  heavy  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  here,  consignments  being 
received  regularly  from  various  points  in  the  west,  and  all  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  of  grain,  meal,  mill-feed,  etc.,  are  filled  in  the  most 
expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner.  The  elevator  "  Columbia  "  is  145  feet  in  length  and  65  feet  in  height.  It  is  propelled  by  a  250  horse- 
power engine,  and  operated  by  a  150  horse-power  engine,  and  is  thoroughly  equipped  in  every  respect  with  all  the  latest  improved  machinery, 
appliances  and  appurtenances.  Special  attention  is  given  to  filling  orders  for  warm  climates,  and  all  correspondence  of  a  business  nature 
receives  prompt  response,  Mr.  McCord  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail  himself.  The  house  is  conducted  on  strict  busi- 
ness principles,  while  its  management  is  characterized  by  energy  and  sagacity,  coupled  with  liberal  and  honorable  methods,  and  persons 
having  dealings  with  this  solid  and  substantial  concern  are  assured  of  finding  the  same  of  an  entirely  satisfactory  character  in  every  instance. 
Mr.  McCord  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  and  was  born  in  Westchester  County,  but  has  been  a  resident  of  New  York  for  many  years.  He 
is  a  man  of  thorough  experience  in  the  trade  as  well  as  of  business  ability  and  enterprise,  and  is  an  esteemed  member  of  the  Produce 
Exchange. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  169 

VM.  HARVEY  A  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Walking  Canes,  Briar  and  Wood  Pipes,  Etc.,  No.  275  Canal  Street.— Very  greatly  famed  for 
of  its  admirable  representation  of  a  trade  requiring  great  and  versatile  capacity,  is  the  time-honored  firm  known  for  the  past  ten 
years  as  Wm.  Harvey  ,4  Co.,  manufacturers  of  walking  canes,  briar  and  wood  pipes,  gold  and  silver  heads  of  all  descriptions,  and 
ivory  goods.  This  flourishing  house,  which  now  has  a  wholesale  trade  of  great  volume  in  all  parts  of  the  country  and  abroad,  and 
employs  four  hundred  skilled  artisans  at  its  factory  in  Philadelphia,  was  founded  more  than  half  a  century  ago,  as  Harvey  &  Ford, 
and  the  dii-ection  of  its  affairs  during  the  past  decade— since  Mr.  William  Harvey,  Mr.  E.  Osborn  and  Mr.  Watts  have  constituted  the  firm  per 
sonnel— has  been  in  all  respects  worthy  of  its  aforetime  prestige,  and  productive  of  a  steady  expansion  of  its  already  extensive  trade.  The 
house  has  an  unrivaled  fame  for  the  uniform  beauty  of  its  carved  work,  and  also  for  the  constantly  introduced  novelties  of  its  own  creation, 
alike  in  the  kinds  of  goods  already  specifically  mentioned,  and  in  umbrella  sticks,  besides  which  it  has  a  trade  of  considerable  magnitude  in 
billiard  and  bagatelle  balls,  and  ivory  cut  to  order.  The  premises  occupied  in  this  city  are  at  No.  275  Canal  Street,  where  the  second  floor, 
25  X  75  feet  in  size,  is  heavily  stocked  with  a  thoroughly  representative  assortment  of  the  manufactures  of  the  house,  and  much  business  is 
influenced  from  this  center  both  in  the  United  States  and  South  America.  Messrs.  Harvey  and  Watts  are  both  natives  of  Philadelphia,  while 
Mr.  Osborn  is  a  native  of  this  state,  all  being  well  and  favorably  known  in  New  York  City. 

DUR.\ND  WOODMAN,  Ph.  D.,  Analytical  and  Technical  Chemist,  Laboratory,  No.  80  Beaver  Street,  and  No.  127  Pearl  Street,  Hanover 
Square.— Few  if  any,  among  the  analytical  and  technical  chemists  of  this  city  sustain  a  higher  reputation  for  skill  and  reliability  than 
Durand  Woodman,  Ph.  D..  whose  oflfice  and  laboratory  are  located  at  No.  80  Beaver  Street  and  No.  127Pearl  Street.  (Hanover  Square), 
one  block  from  Wall  Street.  He  ranks  at  the  head  of  his  profession,  and  the  measure  of  recognition  he  receives  is  of  a  highly  flattering 
character.  Mr.  Woodman,  who  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  is  an  expert  in  his  line,  and  prior  to 
going  into  business  on  his  own  account  here  in  1886,  had  been  chemist  of  the  United  States  Electric  Light  Co  ,  for  several  years.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology,  Hoboken,  as  a  Ph.  D.,  in  1880,  studying  for  some  time  also  at  the  Berlin  (Germany), 
University,  and  is  the  recording  secretary  of  the  American  Chemical  Society.  Mr.  Woodman  occupies  commodious  and  well  equipped  quar- 
ters—three rooms  on  the  third  floor— at  the  location  above  indicated,  with  ample  and  perfect  facilities  for  doing  analytical  and  experimental 
work.  He  is  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes  of  professional  work  comprehended  in  analytical  and  technical  chemistry,  giving  particular 
attention  to  the  investigation  of  patents  and  processes  for  inventors  and  manufacturers,  and  all  business  entrusted  to  Mr.  Woodman  is  cer- 
tain to  be  attended  to  in  the  most  careful,  competent  and  trustworthy  manner. 

VILLIA5IS  &  CLARK  FERTILIZER  CO.,  No.  81  Fulton  Street.— This  company  enjoy  a  national  reputation  as  manufacturers  of  the 
popular  brands  of  fertilizers,  viz:  *' Americus  "  Pure  Bone  Meal,  "  Americus  "  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate,  "  Royal  " 
Bone  Phosphate,  and  "  Universal "  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bones,  also.  Potato  Phosphate,  Prolific  Crop  Producer,  "  Americus  " 
High  Grade  Special,  for  potatoes,  cabbage,  tobacco,  onions,  cauliflower  and  other  market  truck;  Royal  Seeding  Down  Fertilizer, 
Acorn  Acid  Phosphate,  Acorn  Plain  Dissolved  Bone  and  other  high  grade  animal  bone  fertilizers;  while  they  are  also  extensive 
importers  of  agricultural  chemicals  of  all  kinds.  The  business  was  originally  established  in  1875,  by  Messrs.  Williams,  &  Clark,  and  in  1882  the 
present  company  was  organized  and  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey.  The  factory  of  the  company  is  located  at 
Carteret,  N.  J.,  and  is  equipped  with  all  modern  apparatus,  machinery  and  appliances  necessary  for  the  prosecution  of  the  business,  while 
steady  employment  is  given  to  two  hundred  skilled  and  expert  hands.  Under  able  and  experienced  guidance  this  company  has  made  great 
progress  and  has  manufactured  and  sold  thousands  of  tons  of  its  unequaled  fertilizers.  These  high  grade  fertilizers  are  all  sold  under  a  strictly 
guaranteed  analysis  as  to  chemical  composition  and  m  no  case  have  the  company  ever  been  called  on  to  make  good  any  deficiency.  A  chem- 
ical analysis  is  however  not  the  only  requisite  for  a  good  fertilizer,  and  this  company  place  more  confidence  in  careful  selections  of  crude 
materials  than  in  the  final  resulting  analysis.  It  is  not  so  much  a  matter  of  the  per  cent,  or  pounds  of  ammonia,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash 
in  a  ton,  but  the  pounds  of  those  materials  which  will  be  readily  assimilated  by  the  plant  to  start  and  nourish  it  until  fully  grown  and  devel- 
oped: this  is  the  only  satisfactory  test  of  a  fertilizer.  Worthless  material  as  far  as  plant  food  is  concerned,  is  often  sold  at  high  prices  for 
fertilizing  purposes,  merely  on  its  chemical  analysis.  Farmers  will  do  well  to  consider  these  matters  before  bu.ying.  and  not  to  rely  too  much 
on  cheap  material.  '*  Americus  "  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate  is  a  complete  fertilizer,  adapted  for  general  use  on  all  crops  and  soils, 
and  contains  every  element  of  plant  food  necessary  to  apply  to  the  soil.  It  consists  entirely  of  dissolved  bones,  animal  matter,  blood,  nitro- 
gen salts  and  sulphate  of  potash  in  the  purest  and  most  concentrated  forms,  and  united  in  a  combination  that  practical  experience  has 
shown  to  be  of  the  best  adapted  for  general  use.  The  fertilizers  of  this  company  have  secured  a  solid  reputation  and  cannot  be  surpassed,  if 
equaled,  in  this  country  or  Europe,  for  their  adaptabihty  to  the  wheat,  potato,  tobacco  and  garden  crops,  while  their  high  standard  is  con- 
scientiously maintained.  The  prices  which  prevail  naturally  attract  the  attention  of  close  and  careful  buyers,  and  the  goods  are  in  heavy 
and  increasing  demand  in  all  parts  of  the  United  State  and  Canada.  The  president  of  the  company,  Mr.  H.  L.  Dudley,  is  a  gentleman  of 
long  experience,  having  been  engaged  in  the  business  over  twenty-five  years,  and  the  house  with  largely  increased  capital  and  recently  added 
facilities  for  manufacturing  under  such  experienced  and  successful  management,  has  earned  'and  will  continue  to  merit  the  gratitude  of 
thousands  of  enlightened  agriculturists  in  all  sections  of  the  country. 

r-w-  AS.  E.  Warner,  The  Thermostatic  Incubator,  No.  19  Park  Place,  Factory,  Elizabeth,  N.  J.— The  leading  headquarters  in  New  York 
--  I  for  all  necessaries  for  the  poultry  yard  is  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Jas.  E.  Warner,  located  at  No.  19  Park  Place.  This  gentleman  is 
(^  I  especially  prominent  in  the  trade  as  the  sole  licensee,  and  manufactures  under  the  patents  of  the  Thermostatic  incubator,  and  oper- 
II  ates  a  large  factory  at  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  The  business  so  successfully  conducted  by  him  was  originally  established  in  18S4  by  Mr.  E.  S. 
Renwick,  the  present  proprietor  succeeding  to  the  control  in  1888.  In  the  Thermostatic,  Mr.  Warner  offers  an  absolutely  reliable  incu- 
bator in  every  sense  of  the  word.  It  is  automatic  in  the  regulation  of  the  heat,  in  the  moisture  supply,  and  in  the  ventil.ation,  without  compli- 
cated mechanism;  and  there  is  absolutely  no  danger  of  fire  occurring  from  it.  It  is  a  machine  that  may  be  left  entirel.y  alone,  twenty-four, 
or  even  thirty-six  hours,  and  yet  perform  all  its  duties.  It  requires  a  minimum  amount  of  attention,  ten  minutes  daily  being  ample,  and  any 
person  can  run  it  without  previous  experience.  In  the  Thermostatic,  perfectconditions  of  hatching  are  attained,  thei-efore  chicks  from  it  are 
strong  and  healthy.  It  is  the  only  incubator  in  the  market  to-day  that  honestly  fulfills  all  the  claims  made  for  it.  It  is  guaranteed  to  be  made 
of  the  best  material,  and  to  give  an  abundant,  automatic  supply  of  moisture.  Every  machine  is  complete  in  all  its  parts,  no  extras  being 
required  for  work.  It  is  a  hot  water  machine,  while  the  common  hot  air  machines  cannot  be  compared  to  it  for  practical  utility  and  worth. 
It  is  better  made  than  any  machine  now  on  the  market.  Mr.  Warner  'also  manufactures  the  Utility  Ventilating  Brooder,  hot  water  heating 
stoves  for  heating  brooders  and  brooding  houses.  Utility  stoneware  drinking  fountains,  the  Utility  Egg  Tester,  Utility  feeding  trays,  JIallory's 
Improved  Hand  Power  Shell  Mill,  Swan's  standard  roofing,  the  Utility  brand  of  galvanized  steel  wire  poultry  fencing,  and  necessaries  for  the 
poultry  yard.  Orders  by  mail  receive  immediate  and  careful  attention,  and  the  business  is  broadly  distributed  over  the  entire  country.  Mr. 
Warner  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  a  resident  of  Elizabeth,  and  a  young  man  of  great  business  capacity  and  tact,  who  aims  to  make  a  perma- 
nent friend  of  every  customer,  and  is  eminently  successful  in  his  laudable  endeavor. 


170  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

i-j-OHN  E.  PYE,  Real  Estate,  Morse  Building,  No.  140  Nassau  Street.— In  taking  over  the  proprietary  control  of  the  real  estate  busi- 
—^  I  ness  he  is  now  conducting,  two  years  ago,  Mr.  John  E.  Pye,  Jr.,  came  into  the  possession  of  a  trusted  old  concern  founded  by  his 
^  I  father,  Mr.  John  E.  Pye,  twenty  years  ago,  on  Elizabeth  and  Bleecker  Streets,  the  removal  to  the  eligible  office  now  occupied  in 
II  Morse  Building,  No.  140  Nassau  Street,  occurring  in  November,  1890.  The  present  alert  and  well  informed  prmcipal  is  a  young  man 
of  New  York  birth,  only  twenty-four  years  of  age,  but  he  has  had  ten  years'  experience  in  the  house,  and  has  a  very  versatile  and 
complete  knowledge  of  real  estate  affairs,  is  well  informed  of  the  more  important  movements  that  have  taken  place,  or  are  taking  place  in 
the  market,  has  a  very  marked  aptitude  for  estimating  the  present  or  probable  prospective  value  of  city  lots,  and  is  conversant  with  the 
laws  regulating  real  estate  transactions.  The  specialty  of  the  house  is  the  conduct  of  negotiations  concerning  the  buying,  selling  and 
exchanging  of  property,  of  which  it  handles  a  general  hue,  both  of  city  and  farm  property.  In  addition  to  this,  the  family  owns  property  on 
St.  Nicholas  Avenue  and  down  town;  and  the  keen  and  sound  discretion  and  alert  business  methods  displayed  in  the  markedly  successful 
management  of  its  own  business  has  naturally  and  justly  inspired  confidence  that  the  affairs  of  its  clients  will  be  arranged  in  the  same  profit- 
able manner,  a  confidence  justified  by  almost  uniformly  satisfactory  results  in  actual  practice.  Mi\  Pye,  who  is  a  resident  of  this  city,  is  a 
member  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y.,  and  is  generally  and  highly  popular. 

r-r  P-  PERRIN  &  CO.,  Mill  Agents  for  Upholstered  Goods,  Etc.,  Direct  from  Mills,  No.  205  Canal  Street.— As  a  center  for  the 
--.  I  trade  ij  manufacturers'  supplies.  New  York  has  great  prominence,  and  is  a  favorite  purchasing  point.  This  satisfactory  state 
V^  I  of  affairs  is  almost  wholly  to  be  attributed  to  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  the  leading  mill  or  manufacturers'  selling  agents  who  now 
11  *  form  so  important  a  factor  for  the  conduct  of  business  transactions  between  producer  and  consumer.  Among  the  more  recent 
acquisitions  to  this  branch  of  metropohtan  commerce  ranks  the  newly  organized  firm  of  Messrs.  J.  P.  Perriu  &  Co.,  agents  for  the 
sale  of  upholstery  goods,  whose  business  premises  are  located  at  No.  205  Canal  Street.  This  enterprise  was  established  by  Messrs.  J.  P. 
Perrin  and  Henry  I.  Hart,  under  the  present  firm  style,  at  the  opening  of  the  current  year,  and,  under  existing  favorable  auspices,  it  would 
seem  they  are  destined  to  achieve  a  pronounced  and  permanent  success.  The  firm  act  as  agents  for  several  of  the  leading  Philadelphia  car- 
pet and  upholstery  mills,  and  supply  materials  and  general  woven  textile  fabrics  to  the  furniture  trade.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  a 
spacious  and  commodious  floor,  20  x  GO  feet  in  dimensions,  giving  ample  accommodation  for  the  manipulation  and  display  of  stock  and  the 
general  advantageous  prosecution  of  their  rapidly  increasing  business.  Both  members  of  the  firm  are  native  New  Yorkers,  young,  energetic 
men  of  business,  and  active  competitors  for  legitimate  trade  in  their  particular  branch  of  commercial  industry. 

HB.  ACKERSON  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Pocket-Books  and  Fancy  Leather  Goods,  No.  36  Pine  Street.— The  extensive  trade, 
extending  as  it  does  to  all  the  principal  commercial  centers  in  the  union,  which  is  now  controlled  by  the  reliable  firm  of  Messrs.  H. 
B.  Ackerson  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  pocket-books  and  fancy  leather  goods,  located  at  No.  36  Pine  Street,  has  been  accorded  them 
chiefiy  from  the  fact  that  their  productions  are  alike,  of  the  most  artistic  description,  of  the  greatest  durability,  embracing  the 
finest  material  and  workmanship,  and  at  closely  cut  prices.  The  enterprise  was  initiated  in  1887  by  the  present  proprietors,  Rlr. 
Harry  B.  Ackerson  and  Mr.  Rudolf  Liede;  and  the  large  volume  of  work  in  stock  and  for  the  trade  which  they  now  turn  out,  is  such  that 
ten  expert  workmen  are  kept  steadily  engaged.  Bankers'  cases,  bill  books,  wallets,  collection  books,  card  cases,  letter  cases,  portfolios  and 
kindred  articles  are  manufactured.  A  large  stock  of  these  goods  are  kept  on  hand  to  supply  the  trade.  The  firm  also  keep  a  large 
variety  of  sample  leather  goods  to  enable  buyers  to  more  easily  define  their  requirements.  The  two  able  and  experienced  principals, 
Mr.  Ackerson  and  Mr.  Liede,  give  tlieir  whole  care  and  attention  to  the  practical  working  of  the  business,  and  are  moreover,  uni-emitting 
in  their  endeavors  to  give  to  patrons  unqualified  satisfaction  in  every  instance.  Mr.  Ackerson  is  a  native  of  this  city,  while  his  worthy  partner 
is  of  German  birth,  having  resided  in  this  country  for  the  past  ten  years. 

CHARLES  MUNS  &  SON,  Agents  for  F.  Schumacher  Milling  Company,  Akron,  O.,  Choice  Cereals,  Flour,  Etc..  No.  41  Water  Street.— 
The  leading  house  in  food  specialties  in  New  York  is  that  of  Charles  Muns  &  Son,  who  are  sole  agents  for  the  F.  Schumacher  Jlilling 
Company,  of  Akron,  0.,  and  whose  headquarters  are  located  at  No.  41  Water  Street.  The  business  was  originally  established  hei-e 
in  1877,  by  Mr.  Charles  Muns,  and  in  July,  1890,  the  present  firm  was  organized  by  the  admission  of  Mr.  Robert  W.  Muns  [o  partnership. 
The  F.  Schumacher  MilUug  Company,  represented  by  this  th-m,  enjoy  a  national  reputation  as  manufacturers  of  choice  cereals,  flour, 
etc.,  and  Messrs.  Muns  &  Son  are  their  agents  for  New  York,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey  and  the  Southern  States.  They  handle  $750,000  worth 
of  cereals  every  year,  and  make  a  specialty  of  above  mentioned  foods,  in  which  conmiodity  they  have  the  largest  sales  of  any  house  in  the 
city.  A  very  heavy  and  valuable  stock  is  constantly  carried  at  this  point,  to  the  end  that  no  delay  may  be  experienced  in  the  filling  of 
orders,  and  the  trade  is  supplied  in  quantities  to  suit  direct  from  the  mills.  Orders  by  telephone.  No.  3377  Cortlandt,  by  telegraph  or  mail, 
receive  prompt  and  careful  attention,  and  the  business,  which  is  of  the  most  influential  and  substantial  character,  grows  apace  with  the 
lapse  of  years.  Handling  a  very  superior  line  of  goods,  liberal  and  honorable  in  their  deahngs,  and  being,  withal,  men  of  energy,  sagacity 
and  marked  business  ability,  Messrs.  Muns  &  Son  richly  deserve  the  large  measure  of  success  they  have  achieved.  The  Messrs.  Muns  are 
natives  of  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  residents  of  New  York  City  since  1874,  members  of  the  Produce  Exchange,  and  gentlemen  of  high  repute 
and  standing  in  commercial  and  social  life. 

RH.  OVERTON  &  SON,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Paper  Stock.  Office,  Room  No.  104,  Times  Building.— Viewed  as  a  commercial  fac- 
tor, the  importance  of  the  paper  stock  interest  here  in  New  York  can  scarcely  be  overestimated.  It  constitutes  one  of  the  great 
branches  of  trade  in  the  metropolis,  and  grows  apace  with  years.  Engaged  in  the  line  indicated,  there  are  in  this  city  a  number  of 
•  solid  and  substantial  merchants,  prominent  among  whom  are  Messrs.  R.  H.  Overton  &  Son,  whose  office  is  located  at  Room  No. 
104,  Times  Building,  with  packing  house  at  No.  10  James  Slip,  and  whose  business  connections  extend  all  over  the  United  States. 
They  are  importers  of  and  tlealers  in  old  paper,  rags,  wood  pulp,  chemicals  and  paper  makers'  supplies  generally,  and,  altogether,  their  trade 
is  exceedingly  large,  handling  between  two  and  three  thousand  bales  of  paper  stock  a  month  on  an  average.  This  flourishing  business  was 
established  about  eight  years  ago  by  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  who  conducted  the  same  alone  up  to  January  1,  1891,  when  he  admitted 
into  partnership  his  son,  F.  C.  Overton.  They  occupy  the  whole  of  a  capacious  five-story  building  on  James  Slip,  with  ample  and  complete 
facilities  for  sorting  and  packing,  and  employ  from  twenty  to  thirty  hands.  A  heavy  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  here,  and  all  orders 
by  telephone  {No.  1047  Cortlandt),  mail  or  otherwise,  receive  immediate  attention,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  invariably  maintained  at  rock 
bottom  figures,  and  relations  once  entered  into  with  this  responsible  firm  are  reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  a  permanent  business  connec- 
tion. The  Messrs.  Overton,  who  are  both  New  Yorkers  by  birth,  are  gentlemen  of  entire  reliability  in  their  dealings,  as  well  as  men  of 
energy  and  enterprise,  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade,  and  enjoy  an  excellent  reputation  in  commercial  circles. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


171 


r-W"  A.  PROUT,  Engineers' and  Steam  Users' Supplies,  No.  33  Church  Street.— New  York  has  the  benefit  of  the  most  perfected  facili- 
-.  I  ities  in  the  great  staple  lines  of  goods  comprised  in  engineers'  and  steam  users'  supplies  through  the  medium  of  Mr.  J.  A.  Prout, 
\S/ 1  who  is  special  agent  for  the  best  makes  of  this  class  of  goods,  and  occupies  spacious  and  commodious  quarters  at  No.  33  Church 
II*  Street.  His  is  one  of  the  strongest  and  ablest  houses  in  its  line,  the  proprietor  bringing  to  bear  the  widest  range  of  practical  expe- 
rience, sound  judgment,  influential  connections  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  wants  of  the  industrial  and  producing  interests 
of  this  important  purchasing  point.  Mr.  Prout  estabHslied  his  business  here  in  1880,  and  is  a  recognized  leading  authority  in  his  line,  being 
an  expert  civil  and  mechanical  engineer,  and  has  also  bad  large  experience  in  det*;rmining  the  value  of  newly-opened  mines  in  South  Amer- 
ica and  in  all  parts  of  the  West  and  South.  He  carries  at  all  times  a  complete  and  carefully  selected  stock  of  supplies  for  engineers  and 
machinists,  and  is  special  agent  for  the  following  goods:  injectors,  steam  gauges,  vises,  taps  and  dies,  files,  valves,  oil  tanks,  oil  fitters, 
gauge  cocks,  oiler  sets,  sight  feed  oilers,  sight  feed  lubricators,  draper  oilers,  pohsbing  paste,  oils,  cotton  waste,  grease,  hand  lamps,  Scotch 
gauge  gloss,  pipe  covering,  leather  and  rubber  belting,  packing,  lubricators,  emery  cloth,  engine  grease  cups,  shafting  grease  cups, 
and  oihng  device  for  crank  pins,  pillow  blocks,  dynamos,  etc.,  while  making  specialties  of  Ferris'  Belt  Dressing.  Perfection  Boiler  Com- 
pound, and  all  tools  and  supplies  for  an  engine  room  or  a  machine  shop.  This  house  controls  an  immense  and  influential  trade  in  this  city 
and  throughout  the  surrounding  country,  and  is  in  a  position  to  guarantee  all  goods  and  prices.  Satisfaction  is  invariably  given,  while  the 
prices  cannot  be  duplicated,  quality  considered.  Many  manufacturing  concerns  in  this  important  territory  make  all  tlieir  purchases  here, 
being  attracted  by  the  honorable  methods  in  force,  the  superior  and  reliable  character  of  the  goods  handled,  and  tlie  eminently  satisfactory 
minner  in  which  all  their  orders  are  filled.  Mr.  Prout  is  a  native  of  northern  New  York,  was  a  miner  in  early  life,  and  is  regarded  as  an 
expert  in  bis  business  and  a  thoroughly  reliable,  painstaking  and  progressive  dealer,  worthy  of  every  trust  and  confidence. 


Broadway  and  Fifth  Avenite. 


y  J-IRTLAND,  ANDREWS  &  CO.,  Wood  Mantels,  Etc.,  -16  and  48  Union  Square,  Fourth  Avenue  and  Seventeenth  Street.— In  very 
1/  few  departments  of  manufacture  lias  such  progress  and  marked  improvement  been  made  withm  such  a  short  time,  as  has  been 
|\  achieved  in  the  matter  of  ulterior  furnishings,  and  the  homes  of  those  in  comparatively  humble  circumstances  nowadays  are  palatial 
■*■  V  compared  with  the  stiff-backed,  chair  furnished  apartments  of  our  great-grandfathers.  In  woodwork,  mantels,  grates  and  tiling  this 
improvement  has  been  especially  gratifying  and  some  of  the  products  in  this  line  are  marvels  of  artistic  beauty.  One  of  the  most 
prominent  houses  engaged  in  handling  products  in  this  line  in  the  United  States,  is  that  of  Kirtland,  Andrews  &  Co.,  limited,  whose  head- 
quarters are  located  at  Nos.  46  and  48  Union  Square,  this  city.  This  firm  has  gained  a  national  reputation  for  the  elegance  of  its  goods,  and 
its  trade  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  Union.  The  business  was  established  at  the  present  address  in  1884,  by  the  present  proprietors,  and 
through  their  enterprise,  experience  and  executive  ability  brought  to  exercise  in  the  management  a  signal  success  was  attained,  and  the 
patronage  has  continued  to  grow  in  volume  and  influence.  The  premises  occupied  are  in.the  most  fashionable  trade  center  of  the  city,  and 
are  comprised  in  a  handsome  six-story  brick  building.  50  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  admirably  equipped  throughout.  A  magnificent  stock 
is  carried  of  wood  mantels  in  original  and  classic  designs,  architectural  woodwork,  plain  and  glazed  vitrified  hearth  and  art  tiles,  grates, 
open  flre-places.  brass  fenders,  andirons,  fire  sets,  coal  hods,  etc.,  embracing  hundreds  of  patterns,  and  the  entire  range  of  prices  from  the 
cheapest  to  the  most  elaborate.  The  manufacturing  departments  are  fitted  up  with  special  reference  to  the  demands  of  the  business,  and 
contain  a  fine  assemblage  of  skilful  artists  and  workmen  and  a  superior  equipment  of  labor  saving  devices  which  enable  the  house  to  exe- 
cute the  most  extensive  and  intricate  orders  promptly  and  in  the  best  manner.  Estimates  are  furnished  on  designs  of  architects  for  all  kinds 
of  interior  woodwork.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  W.  H.  Kirtland,  E.  H.  Andrews,  C.  E.  Ensign  and  E.  Kirtland  are  prominently 
known  business  men.  thoroughly  devoted  to  their  establishment,  and  it  is  their  steady  purpose  to  lead  all  competition  in  their  line. 


172  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

-i|  T|-  ANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY,  Office  No.  51  Front  Street,  Works,  Nos.  '419,  421,  423  and  425  E,  112th  Street.— The  Manhattan  Oil 
/^l       Company  have  a  world-wide  reputation  as  manufacturers  and  sole  proprietors  of  Mason's  Sperm,  Manhattan  Signal,  Extra  Lard, 
/       1      Tallow  and  Mystic  Coal  oils;  Refined  Tallow  and  Tallow  Stearine,  for  export  and  railroad  use;  also,  Sperm,  Elephant,   Whale, 
Paraffine,  West  Virginia,  Ohve  and  Cotton  Seed  oils  of  all  kinds;  Machinery,  Cylinder  and  Valve  oils  for  railroads,  sieamers, 
woolen  and  cotton  factories,  machinery  and  hurning.    The  company  was  incorporated  in  1852,  and  is  officered  as  follows,  viz. :  P. 
M.  Millspaugh,  president;  J.  B.  Carpenter,  cacretary;  J.  A.  Clussman,  treasurer.    The  works  of  the  company  have  a  productive  capacity  of 
one  hundred  barrels  per  day,  and  are  the  largest  in  lubricating  oils  in  the  country.    The  warehouse  of  the  company  is  five  stories  in  height, 
32  X  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  is  stocked  to  repletion  with  the  specialties  for  which  the  company  is  so  widely  noted.    The  oils  of  this  com- 
pany are  familiar  throughout  the  world  wherever  machinery  is  used,  and  enjoy  an  unrivaled  reputation  for  high  quaUty.  reliabihty  and 
thorough  efficiency.    Fine  goods  are  handled  and  sold  exclusively,  no  competition  being  ever  entered  into  with  low  grade  and  inferior  oils 
which  very  soon  sliow  their  injurious  effects  on  machinery,  and  the  aim  of  the  management  is  to  thoroughly  satisfy  every  customer.    Agen- 
cies are  established  all  over  the  world,  and  they  export  to  all  foreign  countries.    The  range  of  business  is.  perhaps,  the  most  extensive  of  any 
in  this  line  of  trade.    Every  modern  facility  which  experience  can  suggest  and  ample  capital  supply,  coupled  with  the  highest  executive  abil- 
ity and  widespread  connections,  are  at  hand  and  properly  applied,  and  the  establishment  is  an  honor  to  its  founders  and  managers,  and  a 
credit  to  the  city.    The  largest  orders  are  filled  with  remarkable  ease  and  facihty,  and  the  wants  of  all  classes  ot  trade  are  met  with  success 
a:id  satisfaction  in  every  instance.    The  president,  Mr.  Millspaugh,  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  who  has  been  engaged  in  the  oil  trade  since  1848, 
and  came  into  this  company  as  its  vice-president  in  1861.    Mr.  Clussman,  the  treasurer,  has  filled  that  office  for  thirty  years.    Both  are 
native  New  Yorkers.     Mr.  Carpenter,  the  secretary,  is  also  engaged  in  the  window  shade  and  upholstery  business,  and  all  have  given  proof  of 
their  value  to  the  company  by  long  and  devoted  service,  while  tliey  each  stand  deservedly  high  in  commercial  and  financial  circles. 

THE  LODGE  &  DAVIS  MACHINE  TOOL  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in  Iron  and  Brass  Working  Machinery,  No.  64  Cortlandt 
Street,  J.  W.  Carrel,  Manager.— This  office  was  opened  in  January,  1890,  and  is  under  the  management  of  Mr.  J.  W\  Carrel,  who  has 
had  large  experience  in  this  branch  of  business,  and  is  well  fitted  for  advancing  the  interests  of  the  company  in  this  important  ter- 
ritory. He  carries  a  complete  stock  of  the  products  of  the  company.  This  company  are  widely  and  deservedly  prominent  as 
manufacturers  of  engine  lathes,  and  cabinet,  monitor  and  speed  lathes;  shapers,  planers,  drill  presses,  milling  machines,  pulleys, 
shafting,  lathes,  etc.  Their  engine  lathes  possess  various  meritorious  and  practical  improvements,  whicli  are  duly  patented,  and  they  hold  a 
high  position  in  the  trade,  being  especially  adapted  to  fine  work  where  a  high  degree  of  accuracy  is  indispensable.  They  are  furnished  with 
any  length  of  bed,  and  so  thoroughly  seated  and  confirmed  are  they  in  public  favor  that  the  field  of  usefulness  for  this  favorite  lathe  is  not 
confined  to  the  United  States,  although  hundreds  are  in  continuous  operation  throughout  the  country,  but  they  have  been  exported  to  numer- 
ous foreign  countries,  principally  to  England,  Scotland,  Germany,  France,  Russia,  China,  Japan,  Norway  and  Sweden,  and  the  demand  for 
them  is  ever  increasing,  testimonials  from  eminent  firms  and  corporations  bearing  evidence  to  the  high  character  of  construction  and  finish, 
and  perfect  accuracy  of  these  and  other  products  of  this  talented  company.  The  officers  and  managers  are  skilled  mechanicians  who  hav© 
devoted  a  life-time  to  their  craft,  and  their  practical  knowledge  of  mechanics  is  thoroughly  illustrated  by  their  superior  productions.  Mr. 
Carrel,  the  manager  in  New  York,  is  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  and  is  too  well  known  to  require  any  comment  at  our  hands,  while  as  regards 
the  reliability  of  its  management  in  this  city  it  justly  merits  the  excellent  record  it  has  permanently  attained. 

BARR  ELECTRIC  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Nos.  17  and  19  Broadway.— Prominent  among  the  manufacturers  of  novelties  and  special. 
ties  peculiar  to  their  respective  establishments  in  New  York,  stands  the  Barr  Electric  Manufacturing  Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Nos. 
17  and  19  Broadway.  This  company  are  introducing  something  new  into  the  market,  in  the  shape  of  a  smoker's  set  with  electric 
light.  It  is  complete  in  itself,  requires  no  extra  power  wires  or  connections,  while  the  current  of  electricity  is  generated  by  chemi- 
cal action.  The  construction  is  simple  in  the  extreme,  and  especial  care  has  been  taken  in  the  manufacture  of  these  electric  lighting 
batteries,  as  they  are  handsome  in  design,  highly  ornamental  and  will  take  a  prominent  place  among  the  bric-a-brac  of  reception  rooms, 
parlors,  etc.  It  occupies  a  space  of  but  six  square  inches,  can  be  taken  to  pieces  at  will,  and  just  as  easily  re-adjusted.  A  child  can  operate  it, 
as  simply  by  pressing  the  center  rod  the  current  of  electricity  is  generated,  and  the  light  is  instantaneous.  The  material  to  charge  the  bat- 
tery can  be  obtained  at  any  drug  store  and  costs  but  ten  cents,  and  will  run  thirty  to  sixty  days.  Five  thousand  lights  can  be  obtained  from 
one  charge.  With  proper  care  it  will  last  a  life-time.  Aside  from  its  use  as  a  cigar  lighter,  this  apparatus  does  away  with  the  use  of  matches, 
and  the  dangerous  results  and  disagreeable  odors  arising  therefrom.  It  may  be  made  a  deodorizer  by  the  addition  of  a  little  aromatic  spirits 
to  the  alcohol,  and  each  time  a  cigar  is  lighted  pleasant  perfumes  are  diffused  through  the  room.  An  alarm  or  call  bell,  and  a  medical  bat- 
tery can  be  attached  to  the  same  without  interfering  with  its  use  as  a  lighter.  The  electric  lighter  and  smoking  sets,  while  being  a  handsome 
combination,  can  be  furnished  separately  and  at  very  low  prices.  Reliable  representatives  are  desired  in  every  state  in  the  Union,  and  corre- 
.spondence  is  invited  on  tlie  subject.  The  Barr  Electric  Manufacturing  Co.  was  incorporated  in  1889,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $25,000.  The  general  manager  of  the  business  is  Mr.  D.  Misell,  the  inventor  of  the  electric  lighter,  who  is  a  native  of 
England  and  came  to  this  city  twenty  years  ago.  He  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  success  of  his  invention,  and  will  be  found  a  gen- 
tleman of  reliability  and  personal  worth,  with  whom,  it  is  always  pleasant  and  profitable  to  deal. 

"W'T'EUFFEL  &  ESSER  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Drawing  Matei-ials,  Surveying  and  Mathematical  Instruments.  No. 
ly  137  Fulton  and  No.  42  Ann  Streets.— Unquestionably  the  leading  house  in  this  country  engaged  in  the  manufacture  and  importation 
I  1  of  drawing  materials,  surveying  and  mathematical  instruments,  is  that  of  the  Keuffel  &  Esser  Company,  whose  headquai-ters  are  at 
"^  V  No.  137  Fulton  and  No.  42  Ann  Streets,  and  whose  factories  are  located  in  Hoboken,  N.  J.  This  representative  house  was  founded  in 
1866,  by  Messrs.  W.  Keuffel  and  Herman  Esser,  both  of  whom  brought  to  bear  ripe  experience,  marked  ability,  and  the  highest  scien- 
tific attainments.  In  1889,  the  present  company  was  formed,  under  the  management  of  the  original  proprietors.  The  factory  at  Hoboken  is 
the  largest  and  best  equipped  of  its  kind  in  the  country,  and  steady  emiiloynient  is  given  to  two  hundred  skilled  hands.  The  managers  are 
recognized  authorities  in  their  difficult  branch  of  effort,  and  as  the  result  of  their  prolonged  and  painstaking  investigations,  radical  improve- 
ments have  been  effected  in  surveying  and  mathematical  instruments,  greatly  appreciated  by  the  profession,  and  meeting  with  the  heartiest 
endorsement  of  users  everywhere.  Their  transit  and  leveling  instruments  for  civil  engineers  and  surveyors  have  numerous  perfected  appli- 
ances and  improvements,  and  are  the  standard  for  railroad  engineers  and  land  surveyors  throughout  this  and  other  countries.  Their  accurate 
and  superior  instruments  have  received  first  prizes  and  medals  from  the  most  accomplished  jury  of  scientific  experts  ever  brought  together 
in  the  expositions  of  the  world.  Other  specialties  of  their  manufacture  of  superior  accuracy,  and  embracing  marked  improvements, 
include  mining  and  reconnoissance  transits,  tunnel  transits,  solar  transits,  and  survejdng  compasses.  These  meet  the  demands  of  nicety  and 
■precision,  and  are  standard  the  world  over.  They  also  manufacture  the  largt  st  line  of  measuring  tapes  in  the  world.  At  the  spacious  ware- 
Toomsof  the  company  in  this  city  is  carried  an  immense  stock  or  draughtsmen's  requisites,  including  strictly  first-class  German  silver  instru- 
ments and  office  outfits,  and  nowhere  can  railroad  engineers,  surveyors,  and  draughtsmen  secure  such  reliable  equipments  at  such  moderate 
prices.  Messrs.  Keuffel  &  Esser  are  natives  of  Germany,  and  happily  unite  the  best  methods  and  achievements  of  the  German  and  American 
schools,  securing  to  New  York  the  supremacy  in  this  line  of  scientific  endeavor,  while  both  gentlemen  are  universally  respected  in  social, 
professional  and  business  circles  on  both  sides  the  Atlantic. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


173 


r|-|-DOLPH   C.  AVENZEL,  Nickel  Plating  Works,    Nos.   41   and   43  Centre 
bM      Street.— Having  the  advantage  of  a  license  by  the  United  Nickel  Com- 

I    I      pany,  of  New  York,  the  firm  of  Adolph  C.  Wenzel  is  able  to  adopt  proc- 

/  "*■  esses  at  its  nickel  plating  works  which  secure  to  it  a  commanding 
business  for  the  trade  in  gold,  silver,  copper  and  brass,  as  well  as 
nickel  plating,  which  brings  to  it  also  a  very  iufluential  patronage  from  all  parts 
of  the  country.  The  firm  is  a  well  known  one  of  seventeen  years'  standing,  and 
has  achieved  a  very  high  reputation  for  the  kind  of  work  referred  to,  and  espe- 
cially so.  as  it  relates  to  surgical,  dental,  telegraphic,  and  druggists'  instruments 
and  appliances,  n-hether  highly  polished  in  the  solid  metal,  or  plated  in  either  of 
the  manners  described.  The  premises  of  this  prominent  and  trusted  firm  are 
located  at  Nos.  41  and  43  Centre  Street,  being  provided  with  the  latest  devices 
known  to  the  plating  industry,  as  well  as  steam-driven  machinery  for  polishing, 
burnishing,  etc.,  while  its  staff  consists  of  twelve  skilled  operators,  whose  labors 
are  exerted  under  the  immediate  guidance  of  the  expert  principal,  a  gentleman 
of  ripe  experience  in  all  the  details  and  technicalities  of  the  trade,  and  who  is 
the  inventor  of  several  patents  for  nickel  plating  purposes  of  the  highest  order. 
Mr.  Adolph  C.  Wenzel  has  resided  in  this  city  for  a  great  number  of  years,  and 
has  had  an  experience  of  nineteen  years  in  this  line,  and  understands  its  every 
detail  and  requirement.  Surgical,  dental,  telegraphic  instruments  and  drug- 
gists'sundries  are  made  a  leading  specialty  of  the  house,  in  which  it  excels, 
which  it  refers  to  the  following  well-known  firms  with  whom  he  has  done  busi- 
ness for  years:  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  American  District  Tele- 
graph Company,  Erie  R.  R.,  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.,  E.  S.  Greeley  &  Co.,  George 
Tiernan  &  Co.,  Galvano  Faradic  Manufacturing  Company,  Spencer  Optical 
Company,  Marvin  Safe  Company,  and  various  others  in  the  United  States.    Mr.  '  '-^^ 

Wenzel  is  a  typical  New  Yorker,  and  was  born  in  one  of  the  old  residences  on  Fulton  St.,  near  where  the  old  North  Dutch  Church  stood,  in  the 
year  1851.  He  graduated  from  the  School  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  which  was  founded  in  the  year  1633.  and 
early  in  life  established  himself  in  this  business,  in  which  be  has  been  very  successful,  and  has,  by  close  attention  to  the  business  and  by  per- 
sonal supervision  of  the  work,  laid  the  foundation  for  a  competence.  He  is  prominent  and  popular,  a  member  of  York  lodge,  F.  and  A.  M., 
and  a  gentleman  of  integrity  in  all  his  dealings. 


GEORGE  ANSPACH.  Manufacturing  Confectioner.  Nos.  64  and  66  N.  Moore  Street.— One  of  the  most  striking  of  successful  business 
developments  on  record  in  this  city  is  that  afforded  by  the  house  of  Mr.  George  Anspach.  the  wel^kno^vn  manufacturing  confec- 
tioner, at  Nos.  64  and  66  N.  Moore  Street.  This  house  was  originally  established  in  a  small  way  in  1885,  by  Messrs.  Anspach  & 
Hengst,  the  present  proprietor  succeeding  to  the  sole  control  January  1,  1890.  By  reason  of  the  manifest  purity  and  superiority  of 
the  product,  this  house  soon  developed  a  trade  of  enormous  magnitude,  and  in  1890  a  removal  %vas  made  to  the  present  location, 
where  a  fine  five-story  and  basement  building  is  occupied,  50  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  supplied  with  improved  machinery  and  ample  steam 
power,  and  having  the  capacity  for  turning  out  three  million  pounds  of  confectionery  per  year.  A  force  of  from  eighty-five  to  one  hundred 
skilled  hands  is  engaged  here  in  the  manufacture  of  the  best  grades  of  candy  and  confections,  including  all  the  rare,  exquisite  flavors,  so 
difficult  to  obtain  in  their  pristine  excellence  elsewhere,  and  which  have  proved  a  gratifying  revelation  to  the  trade.  Mr.  Anspach  has 
shown  great  enterprise  in  widening  the  field  of  his  styles  and  novelties  in  flavors  and  combinations,  and  confectioners  handling  his  goods 
can  meet  every  taste  and  fancy  in  pure  and  wholesome  confectionery.  He  believes  in  giving  the  public  the  best  only.  He  consequently 
uses  only  the  purest  and  choicest  of  sugars,  flavors,  chocolates,  extracts  and  vegetable  colors,  all  manipulated  in  the  most  cleanly  scientific 
manner,  by  his  own  processes,  with  the  result  that  purchasers  accept  his  stamp  as  proof  of  quality,  and  demand  it  in  preference  to  any 
other.  He  manufactures  some  two  hundred  different  varieties,  from  penny  goods  up  to  the  finest  chocolates  and  choicest  bonbons,  and  his 
trade  covers  all  the  cities  of  the  United  States,  while  a  fine  growing  export  business  is  being  developed  with  Europe  and  South  America.  The 
wants  of  jobbers  and  dealers  are  supplied  with  the  greatest  promptness  and  with  conscientious  care  for  the  best  interests  of  all  patrons,  and 
the  business  is  growing  rapidly  on  the  substantial  basis  of  merit.  Mr.  Anspach  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  brimful  of  enterprise  and  business 
push,  and,  although  a  young  man,  has  won  a  success  which  few  old  houses  have  ever  approached,  and  which  places  him  in  the  van  of  the 
trade. 


THE  RICHARD  GRANT  COMPANY,  Dealers  in  Cooperage  Stock,  No.  181  Hudson  Street,- From  a  commercial  point  of  view,  the 
importance  of  the  cooperage  stock  interest  in  New  York  at  the  present  day  can  scarcely  be  overestimated.  The  amount  pf  barrel 
heads,  stiives,  etc..  exported  alone  from  this  port  annually  is  something  enormous,  and  the  volume  of  trade  grows  apace  with  years. 
Notable  among  the  representative  concerns  contributing  to  the  sum  of  business  activity  in  the  line  indicated  in  the  metropohs  is 
that  of  the  Richard  Grant  Company,  No.  181  Hudson  Street,  corner  of  Vestry  Street,  with  a  capacious  storehouse  at  Nos.  28  to  38 
Vestry  Street,  and  big  storehouses  besides  at  Nos.  170-182  Fourteenth  Street,  Jersey  City.  Nos.  171-175  Fifteenth  Street,  and  Nos.  638-646  Hen- 
derson Street,  Jei-sey  City,  and  who  have  an  extensive  yard  and  warehouse  also  at  Buffalo.  The  establishment  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  lar- 
gest of  the  kind  in  this  city,  and  has  an  exceedingly  large  business  extending  all  over  the  United  States,  in  addition  to  a  heavy  export  trade 
with  the  West  Indies,  South  America,  England,  and  other  European  countries.  This  flourishing  enterprise  had  its  inception  in  1858.  when 
the  business  was  started  in  a  comparatively  small  way  by  Richard  Grant,  the  firm  name  changing  some  years  later  to  Richard  Grant  &  Co., 
and  as  such  it  was  conducted  up  to  1889,  when  the  concern  was  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $250,000.  and  the  present  style  adopted.  The  company  receive  direct  from  various  points  in  the  west,  and  handle  everything  com- 
prehended in  cooperage  stock,  employing  some  fifty  in  help,  all  told,  while  a  number  of  teams  are  in  steady  service  delivering  throughout 
the  city  and  environs.  A  carefully  assorted  and  immense  stock  is  constan'' 7  carried  on  hand,  comprising  heading,  staves,  hoops  and 
barrel  stuff  generally,  both  for  liquids  and  dry  products,  and  all  orders  for  home  or  export  trade  are  attended  to  in  the  most  expeditious  and 
trustworthy  manner.  With  unequaled  resources,  wide-spread  business  connection  and  exceptional  facilities,  the  Richard  Grant  Company 
are  enabled  to  offer  the  most  liberal  inducements,  quoting  bottom  prices,  and  relations  once  established  with  this  solid  and  responsible  con- 
cern are  reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  an  enduring  business  connection.  Mr.  Richard  Grant,  the  president  of  the  company,  who  is  a  gen- 
tleman of  full  middle  age,  active  and  energetic,  is  a  man  of  the  highest  personal  integrity,  deservedly  esteemed  in  commercial  circles  and  in 
private  life,  and  is  one  of  Jersey  City's  most  respected  citizens,  while  Mr.  S.  O.  Church,  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  is  a  young  man  of 
energy  and  entire  probity  of  character,  well  endowed  with  the  qualifications  that  bespeak  success  in  business  life,  and  prior  to  acquiring  an 
interest  in  the  concern,  had  occupied  a  responsible  clerical  position  with  IHr.  R.  Grant  for  a  number  of  years. 


174  HISTORY  AND  COMMEECE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

r-f  JIARSCHING  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Bronze  Powders  and  Jletal  Leaf,  Mineral  Colors,  Etc.,  JIdrmfacturers  of  French  and  India 
I  Gold  Paints,  No.  27  Park  Place.— The  position  occupied  by  the  paint  and  chemical  trade  in  this  city  is  such  that  in  compiling  a 
®  I  work  that  covers  the  general  industries  of  the  metropolis,  it  is  necessary  to  make  special  mention  of  a  firm  which  adds  materially 
\  I  'to  the  solidity  of  the  enterprises  that  go  to  make  up  the  reUable  organizations  of  trade.  The  house  referred  to  is  J.  Marsching  & 
^■^  Co.,  of  No.  S7  Park  Place.  They  established  their  business  in  ISaS,  and  are  importers  of  bronze  powders  and  metal  leaf  for  wall 
paper  manufacturers,  interior  decorators,  lithographers  and  printers,  etc.,  etc.,  mineral  colors  and  oxides  for  decorating  china,  earthenware 
and  glass.  They  are  also  manufacturers  of  the  French  and  India  gold  paints  and  have,  besides,  one  of  the  finest  and  most  complete  assort- 
ment of  artists'  materials  in  the  country.  They  occupy  extensive  premises  at  the  above  address  in  which  they  carry  a  very  large  stock  of 
goods  imported  from  Germany,  England,  France  and  other  European  countries.  They  have  a  large  branch  at  No.  76  Fifth  Avenue,  Chicago, 
and  employ  four  commercial  travelers  in  addition  to  a  number  of  skilled  salesmen  at  their  New  York  establishment.  Their  trade,  which  is 
confined  to  the  United  States  is  very  extensive,  and  constantly  increasing  as  a  result  of  the  honorable  transactions  that  have  characterized 
this  house  since  its  incipiency.  The  members  of  the  firm  include  J.  Marsching  and  B.  F.  Drakenteld,  and  both  of  these  gentlemen  are  so 
widely  and  favorably  known  that  extended  comment  is  superfluous.  Their  success  has  been  attained  and  their  fame  achieved  solely  through 
the  merits  of  their  operations  which  place  them  so  permanently  at  the  head  of  the  various  branches  of  business  in  which  they  are  engaged, 
and  whatever  praise  may  have  been  bestowed  on  their  goods  has  at  all  times  been  no  more  than  justly  deserved. 

r-f  W.  VAN  DE  WATER,  Partitions,  Desks  and  Office  Fittings,  No.  43  Liberty  Street.— One  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  business  en- 
_^  I  terprises  on  this  great  trade  artery  of  the  metropolis,  is  that  which  is  made  the  immediate  subject  of  the  present  sketch. 
@  I  This  business  was  established  as  far  back  as  J848  by  the  present  proprietor,  to  whose  well  directed  and  spirited  manage- 
\  I  •  ment  is  due  the  present  prosperous  attainment  and  popularity  of  the  enterprise.  Mr.  Van  De  Water  occupies  commodious  preml- 
ses  at  the  above  address  which  are  conveniently  arranged  and  supplied  with  all  requisite  facilities  for  the  successful  carrying  on 
of  the  business.  Here  can  be  obtained  desks  and  partitions  of  all  kinds  and  everything  required  for  fitting  up  any  business  ofBce.  Mr.  Van 
De  Water  is  the  originator  of  the  office  equipment  business,  and  his  long  experience  and  unquestioned  ability  in  this  line  enable  him  to  give 
the  utmost  satisfaction  to  his  many  patrons.  The  large  and  liberal  patronage  received  represents  the  best  city  custom  and  an  extensive 
and  highly  prosperous,  general  business  is  done.  Mr.  Van  De  Water  was  commissioned  many  years  ago  by  Secretary  Seward  to  prepare 
cases  from  purely  American  woods  to  contain  presents  from  the  United  States  Government  for  Queen  Victoria,  Emperors  Napoleon  III.  and 
Alexander  of  Russia,  and  on  another  occasion  was  employed  by  the  French  consul  to  manufacture  goods  for  that  country,  and  has  shipped 
goods  to  Berlin  as  well  as  every  section  of  the  world.  In  competing  with  the  French  manufacturers  Mr.  Van  De  Water's  goods  excelled  and 
were  used  in  preference  to  c  mp?ing  goods  made  in  France.  Mr.  Van  De  Water  is  a  member  of  one  of  New  York's  old  Knickerbocker 
families  who  made  the  prima:  se  tUment  of  New  Amsterdam.  He  took  part  in  the  civil  war  in  the  Seventh  New  Y'ork  Regiment  and  also  the 
Forty-seventh  of  which  he  -vas  one  of  the  organizers,  and  is  now  a  member  of  Abraham  Smith  Post,  No.  43.'i  G.  A.  R.,  and  of  the  First  Re- 
formed Church,  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  Mr.  Van  De  Water  is  an  honored  member  of  the  Holland  Society  of  New  Y'ork,  and  a  respected  figure  in  all 
circles  of  this,  his  native  city. 

SM.  GLADWIN,  No.  140  Nassau  Street,  Room  No.  16  Morse  Building.— .\niong  the  trustedjind  prominent  houses  in  this  city  handling 
paper  as  manufacturers'  agents,  that  of  Mr.  S.  M.  Gladwin  not  only  lays  claim  to  respect  as  one  •of  the  oldest,  but  can  also  put 
forward  the  more  substantial  and  practical  plea  that  the  very  prolonged  association  of  its  principal  with  the  trade  has  given  him  a 
•  ripened  experience  of  all  that  relates  to  the  paper  trade,  either  in  its  technical  or  commercial  branches,  and  in  connection  with  every 
kind  and  grade,  adapted  to  whatsoever  purpose.  Mr.  Gladwin  was  originally  identified  with  the  business  in  1848  as  a  manufacturer 
at  South  Hadley  Falls,  Massachusetts,  but  retired  some  five  or  six  years  later,  when  he  adopted  his  present  business  in  Boston,  and  came  to 
this  city  in  18.')6,  at  once  establishing  himself  in  his  now  well-rooted  venture,  which  he  has  built  up  year  by  year  until  it  has  assumed  its  pres- 
ent enviably  large  proportions.  Eminent  manufacturers  of  every  description  and  quality  of  paper  tor  priming,  lithographing,  maps,  etc., 
in  all  possible  colors,  weights,  textures  and  finish  of  surface  are  represented  on  favorable  conditions;  sales  are  made  direct  to  consumers  at 
prices  that  offer  great  inducements  to  business,  and  a  brisk  trade  is  done  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  though  the  trade  of  the  house 
relates  principally  to  this  city  and  its  vicinity.  Mr.  S.  M.  Gladwin  was  horn  in  Connecticut,  but  his  prolonged  residence  in  this  city  (thirty- 
five  years)  had  made  him  well  and  favorably  known  in  his  line  in  New  Y'ork. 

r-w-OHN  H.  SLOAN.  Paper.  Room  No.  16,  Morse  Building,  No.  140  Nassau  Street.— An  enterprise  having  in  itself  the  elements  of  success 
I  and  the  clearly  defined  potency  for  a  flourishing  future,  is  more  essentially  worthy  of  kindly  comment  than  sti  old  established 
®  I  business  which,  trusting  to  past  success,  and  now-  neglected,  is  going  to  decay.  The  venture  embarked  in  by  Mr.  John  H.  Sloan  in 
\  I  January,  1801,  as  a  paper  manufacturer's  agent,  at  No.  140  Nassau  Street,  is  very  clearly  one  of  the  former  description,  and  its  alert 
and  markedly  busiuess-like  young  principal  has  not  failed,  even  in  the  short  time  that  has  elapsed,  to  make  its  merits  very  widely 
known  amongst  consumers  throughout  the  city  and  vicinity.  Mr.  Sloan  has  had  an  experience  as  salesman  in  this  line  extending  over  nearly 
fifteen  years,  and  is  possessed  of  a  very  thorough  and  versatile  knowledge  of  the  qualities  and  kinds  of  paper  manufactured,  and  of  their 
market  \»alues.  He  has,  moreover,  the  advantage  of  representing  the  most  eminent  manufacturing  houses  for  each  variety  of  the  kind  of 
merchandise  handled,  and  of  being  placed  in  a  position  to  offer  special  inducements  to  business  men.  Favored  by  this,  and  by  his  own  energy 
and  persistent  application,  as  well  as  his  earnest  endeavor  to  supply  exactly  what  patrons  require,  a  connection  of  an  influential  character 
has  been  formed  from  personal  association  with  manufacturers  and  experience  at  mills  owned  by  members  of  his  family  and  one  that  is 
developing  naturally  in  appreciation  of  the  rigidly  honorable  system  of  business  pursued.  Mr.  John  H.  Sloan,  whose  eligible  office  is  on  the 
fli-st  floor  at  the  address  indicated,  is  a  Kentuckian  by  birth  and  now  resides  in  Jei-sey  City. 

CARVER  &  CO.,  Cutters  of  Paper,  Cardboard,  Labels,  Cloth,  and  all  kinds  of  Lithographed  and  Printed  Work.  No.  120  William  Street. 
—Especially  progressive,  and  representative,  in  the  truest  and  best  sense,  of  the  New  York  houses  engaged  in  tlie  cutting,  trimming, 
binding,  perforating,  eyeletting.  and  aliout  a  score  of  other  operations  on  paper,  cardboard,  cloth,  etc.,  is  the  firm  of  Carver  &  Co., 
of  No.  120  William  Street,  whose  eligible  and  commandingly  located  premises  consist  of  two  floors  35  x  100  feet.  The  enterprise  was 
originally  conducted  by  Walter  S.  Carver,  and  commencing  its  career  in  the  year  188.3.  The  company  is  now  represented  by  Walter 
S.  Carver  and  D.  B.  Trumbull.  The  premises  of  the  firm  have  a  model  equipment  of  machinery  for  the  cutting  of  all  kinds  of  lithographed 
and  printed  work,  for  round  cornering,  scoring,  folding  and  pasting,  for  punching  and  eyeletting  of  every  description,  and  for  the  perforat- 
ing and  binding  of  quarter-bound  books,  electro-motive  power  being  employed  to  economize  labor  in  every  suitable  direction.  Its  staff  ot 
twenty  employees  comprise  only  well  trained  men,  and  the  firm  is  thus  not  only  enabled  to  insure  the  best  and  neatest  of  work  of  the  more 
usual  kinds  of  specialties  in  cardboard  and  paper,  for  which  it  is  ever  ready  cheerfully  to  furnish  estimates.  One  great  specialty  of  the 
house  is  the  manufacturing  of  pads,  and  it  keeps  in  hand  a  heavy  stock  of  memorandum  pads  of  various  sizes  and  styles.  The  merits  of  the 
establishment  have  long  achieved  recognition,  and  a  very  brisk  and  extensive  business  is  done,  the  promptness  in  execution  of  orders  so 
essential  to  printers  and  lithographers  being  a  characteristic  of  the  firm,  which  is  no  less  appreciated  than  the  workmanlike  manner  in  which 
its  goods  are  sent  out. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


175 


TB.  CLARK  &  CO.,  Cut  Glass,  No.  ^3  Park  Place.— A  comparatively  newly  established  agency  in  New  York,  representing  the 
American  cut  glass  industry,  and  one  which  has  very  quickly  made  its  mark  both  locally  and  throughout  the  country,  is  that  of 
T.  B.  Clark  &  Co.  This  agency  is  the  well-known  representative  of  many  of  the  famous  glass  works  which  are  located  in  Pennsyl- 
•  vania,  and  has  secured  most  encouraging  recognition  by  many  of  the  most  prominent  dealers  in  glassware  throughout  the  country. 
The  firm  has  eligible  and  convenient  premises  at  No.  53  Park  Place,  where  the  1800  feet  of  floor  space  occupied  is  devoted  to  the 
display  of  choice  cut  glass  of  which  a  very  full  line  is  carried.  The  store  has  fine  show  windows  with  large  plate  glass  front,  and  its  mternal 
fittings,  with  their  elegant  and  nicely  arranged  show  cases  is  a  fitting  repository  of  the  wares  of  the  eminent  Pennsylvania  firms.  A  choice 
line  of  cut  glass,  table  and  toilet  ware  and  decorative  goods  are  here  shown  in  large  variety,  entirely  the  product  of  their  works,  while  the 
prices  quoted  will  bear  favorable  comparison  with  those  of  any  competitor. 


•^-\>.j 


Madison  Avenue. 


THE  NORWICH  INSULATED  WIRE  COMPANY.  New  York  Office.  No.  58  Cedar  Street.— Of  all  the  qualities  possessed  by  copper 
iron,  brass  and  steel  there  is  none  more  valuable  for  general  commercial  requirements  than  that  of  ductility.  This  is  an  impor- 
tant quality  in  wire,  which  is  so  prominent  a  factor  in  this  age  of  the  telephone  and  the  electric  light.  But  a  still  more  impor- 
tant one  affecting  its  applications  to  practical  electrics,  is  that  of  purity,  which  is  but  a  synonym  for  low  electrical  resistance 
or  high  conductivity,  which  is  always  an  important  consideration  with  the  Norwich  Insulated  Wire  Co.  This  prominent  and  pro- 
gressive house  is  engaged  in  this  branch  of  industry.  They  are  patentees  and  manufacturers  of  paper  insulated  telephone,  telegraph  and 
electric  light  cables  of  highest  insulation  resistance  and  lowest  static  capacity  known;  water  and  fire  proof  wires  for  leads  and  dynamo 
construction;  high  potential  conductors  a  specialty.  Tlie  factory  of  this  company  is  situated  at  the  corner  of  Lorimer  and  Bayard  Streets, 
Brooklyn,  with  New  York  office  at  No.  58  Cedar  Street.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1884.  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $500,000.  and  is  officered  as  follows,  Louis  D.  Beck,  president;  Anthony  Dey.  vice-president;  J.  B.  Ather- 
ton,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  plant  comprises  a  four-story  building,  60  x  ^40  feet  in  size,  and  other  buldings,  lead  houses,  etc., 
while  steady  employment  is  given  to  a  force  of  seventy  workmen.  The  specialties  manufactured  by  this  company  are  noted  for  their 
practical  utility,  thorough  reliabiliiy  and  uniform  excellence,  and  never  fail  to  commend  their  own  superior  merits  to  the  confidence  and 
patronage  of  critical  and  discriminating  buyers.  Their  wire  is  undoubtedly  the  best  in  the  world,  and  is  preferred  above  all  others  by 
such  well-known  corporations  as  the  New  York  &  New  Jersey  Telephone  Company,  the  Mott  Electric  Light  &  Telephone  Co.  and  others 
who  depend  upon  this  company  for  all  their  supplies  in  this  line.  A  large  and  growing  export  trade  is  also  enjoyed  with  Europe  and 
other  foreign  countries,  and  inducements  are  constantly  offered  as  regards  both  quality  of  supplies  and  liberality  of  terms  and  prices 
which  challenge  comparison  and  defy  successful  competition.  The  president  and  vice-president  are  native  New  Yorkers,  while  the  secretary 
was  born  in  England,  and  came  to  New  York  in  1876.  All  are  gentlemen  of  marked  ability  and  sterling  integrity,  who  have  built  up  an  enter- 
prise that  is  prepared  to  cope  on  even  terms  with  its  most  formidable  competitors  in  any  part  of  the  world. 


176 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCB  OF  NEW  YORK. 


ES.  BELKNAP'S  SON,  Proprietor  of  Belknap  Standard  Putty  Works,  No.  8  Gold  Street.— The  industrial  resources  of  New  York  are 
complete  in  every  particular  and  no  matter  what  may  be  required,  from  "a  needle  to  an  anchor."  this  city  is  the  headquarters  for 
supply  in  the  United  States.  A  notable  industry  here  and  one  whit'h  has  been  a  valuable  auxiliary  in  promoting  the  growth  and 
•  prosperity  of  the  metropolis,  is  that  of  E.  S.  Belknap's  Son,  proprietor  of  the  widely  known  Belknap  Standard  Putty  Works,  located 
at  No.  8  Gold  Street,  near  Maiden  Lane.  This  is  the  oldest  putty  establishment  in  the  United  States,  having  been  in  active  operation 
for  two  thirds  of  a  century.  The  enterprise  was  originally  founded  in  1855  by  E,  S.  Belknap  and  was  continued  by  that  gentleman  up  to  the 
year  of  his  retirement,  1870,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Mr.  Dayton  C.  Belknap,  who  has  since  directed  the  management  of  affairs 
with  uninterrupted  success,  and  ably  maintained  the  old  time  reputation  of  the  establishment.  The  premises  used  for  the  industry  comprise 
a  five-story  building  :i5  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  equipped  with  steam-power,  mixers,  two  mills  with  great  rollers,  and  all  required  appliances. 
Employment  is  furnished  a  force  of  skilled  workmen  and  the  products  of  the  house  include  putty  in  bulk,  putty  in  bladders,  putty  in  cans, 
putty  in  wooden  pails  and  putty  in  tin  pails,  brown  stone  putty,  black  walnut  putty,  stove  cement,  whiting,  bolted  whiting,  gilder's  whiting, 
bolted  gilder's  whiting.  Paris  white,  bolted  Paris  white,  Kochelle  ochre,  English  Venetian  red,  calcined  piaster,  dentist  plaster,  sand  paper, 
chalk,  diamond  glazier's  points,  diamond  point  driver,  glazier's  points  zinc,  Moore's  calsom  finish,  Johnston's  kalsomine,  etc.  A  very  large 
stock  is  at  all  times  carried  and  all  orders  of  the  trade  received  from  any  point  in  the  United  States  are  promptly  filled  and  goods  forwarded 
without  delay.  Mr.  Belknap  is  a  native  of  New  York,  a  gentleman  long  prominently  known  in  financial,  business  and  social  circles,  and  he 
is  esteemed  as  a  representative  merchant  and  citizen. 


■«— 1  YNDON  P.  SMITH,  Architect,  No.  149  Church  Street.— A  gentleman  who  has  been  eminently  successful  in  this  branch  of  artistic  ability 
I  ^  is  Mr.  Lyndon  P.  Smith.  Mr.  Smith  although  yet  a  young  man,  has  already  created  a  name  for  himself  in  his  chosen  profession  and 
I    \     his  services  are  in  great  demand  throughout  the  city  and  vicinity.    A  splendid  monument  to  his  skill  and  ability  as  an  architect  is  the 

■^ — ^  magnificent  Gospel  Tabernacle  at  the  corner  of  Forty-fourth  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue,  which  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $125,000.  He 
has  also  designed  the  plans  and  superintended  the  erection  of  many  of  the  handsomest  private  residences  in  the  city.    He  makes  a 

specialty  of  designing  ecclesiastical  and  other  structural  work  and  is  now  preparing  some  strikingly  new  and  original  designs  in  this  line. 

Plans  for  buildings  of  any  description  ire  prepared  at  short  notice  and  when  requii-ed  the  erection  of  the  buildings  will  receive  his  personal 

supervision.    Mr.  Smith  is  a  native  of  this  city  and  is  deservedly  popular. 


THE  UPJOHN  PILL  AND  GRANULE  C0MP.4NY,  No.  9a  William  Street.— This  company,  although  not  originally  a  New  York  enter- 
pi-ise,  has  been  for  the  past  five  years  identified  with  the  eastern  trivile  through  the  representation  of  the  prominent  New  York  house 
of  Lazell,  Dalley  &  Co.  On  account  of  the  recent  retirement  of  this  firm  from  the  drug  business,  and  tlieir  rapidly  increasing  trade, 
the  Upjohn  people  have  now  established  a  representative  office  of  their  own  in  this  city.  They  now  occupy  commodious  offices  and 
warerooms  at  No.  93  William  Street,  which  are  in  charge  of  F.  L.  Upjohn,  a  young  man  of  western  birth,  and  possessing  the  charac- 
teristics of  western  push  and  enterprise.  He  is  rapidly  building  up  a  large  trade  for  the  company's  goods  throughout  the  east  and  in  Europe. 
The  business  of  this  firm  is  not  of  a  proprietary  nature,  as  the  firm  name  leads  many  to  imply,  but  consists  of  the  manufacture  into  pill  form 
of  the  various  foruuilse,  as  prescribed  by  the  medical  professors  of  to-daj-,  and  are  intended  for  professional  use  only.  Their  list  comprises, 
about  four  hundred  formulae,  in  manufacturing  which  into  pills  they  display  a  special  process  peculiar  to  and  originated  by  themselves. 
They  have  an  extensive  laboratory  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  at  which  place  their  home  office  is  situated.  The  officers  of  the  corporation  are  W. 
E.  Upjohn,  M.  D.,  president;  J.  T.  Upjohn,  M.  D.,  vice-president;  J.  M.  Gilmore,  secretary;  and  F.  L.  Upjohn,  treasurer,  .\lthough  they  are 
said  to  have  the  largest  and  most  com- 


the  world,  yet  their  present  facilities  are 
to  accommodate  which  they  intend  to 
which  will  more  than  double  their  pres" 
their  present  output  from  the  fact  that 
sulphate  per  month  in  the  manufacture 
it  might  be  interesting  to  say  a  tew  words 
of  pills  made  by  the  Upjohn  process, 
ers  is,  briefly,  to  first  beat  the  ingredients 
some  excipient,  such  as  the  mucilage  of 
mass,  which  is  divided  by  machinery  into 
with  either  sugar  or  gelatine.  The  prin- 
ner,  as  we  understand  it,  is,  that  this 
pills  become  very  hard,  and  frequently 
therapeutic  action  of  remedies  adminis- 
tain,  and  has  caused  many  physicians  to 
knew  they  were  freshly  made.  The  de- 
gredients  in  the  form  of  dry  powder,  and 
to  the  use  of  capsule  for  this  purpose, 
was  indirectly  a  move  in  the  right  direc- 
was  difficult  to  inclose  the  exact  amount 
if  carelessly  done,  the  taste  is  but  imper- 
particles  of  the  drug  on  the  outside  of 


^.jonfs^"'*^ 


OlVDERiJ 


plete  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  pills  in 
made  greater  for  their  increasing  trade, 
erect,  the  coming  season,  new  buildings 
ent  capacity.  One  may  gain  some  idea  of 
they  frequently  use  two  tons  of  quinine 
of  quinine  pills  alone.  In  this  connection, 
in  regard  to  the  peculiar  characteristics 
The  process  in  use  by  other  manufactur- 
of  a  formula  together,  by  the  addition  of 
acacia.  This  forms  wliat  is  called  a  pill 
pills  of  the  proper  size,  and  tlien  coated 
cipal  objection  to  pills  made  in  this  man- 
excipient  used  soon  becomes  dry,  and  the 
entirely  indigestible,  rendering  their 
tered  in  the  convenient  form  very  uncer- 
discontinue  their  use  entirely,  unless  they 
sirability  of  a  pill  that  preserves  the  in- 
still disguises  their  disagreeable  taste,  led 
These  possessed  many  advantages,  and 
tion,  the  principle  objections  being  that  it 
of  drugs  called  for  every  time,  and  tliat 
fectly  disguised,  on  account  of  adhering 
the   capsule.     To   overcome   this  objec- 


tion, W.  E  Upjohn,  M.  D.,  of  the  above  named  firm,  who  was  at  the  time  in  active  practice  in  the  state  of  Micliigan,  made  some  early  experi- 
ments, which  finally  resulted  in  the  perfection  of  a  process  whereby  an  exact  quantity  of  the  pill  ingredients  in  the  form  of  a  dry  powder 
are  inclosed  in  a  very  thin  and  soluble  shell  or  coating,  presenting  the  appearance  of  an  elegantly  finished  round  pill,  which  is  generally 
conceded  to  be  the  greatest  advance  in  modern  pharmacy.  By  crusliing  one  of  the  pills  made  by  this  process,  such  as  a  quinine  pill,  for 
instance,  as  graphically  illustrated  in  the  adjoining  cut,  it  will  be  found  that  they  can  be  readily  reduced  to  powder  by  pressure  under  the 
thumb,  showing  that  the  ingredients  inside  of  the  shiny  coating  are  in  a  porous  condition,  and  will  be  easily  a-ssimulated  by  digestive  action. 
That  this  enterprise  has  been  a  success  from  the  start  is  attested  by  the  fact  that,  although  on  the  market  hut  aliout  four  years,  yet  this 
firm's  goods  are  in  general  use  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  are  rapidly  coming  into  favor  in  European  countries,  adding 
one  more  to  the  rapidly  increasing  list  of  Uncle  Sam's  manufacturing  industries,  capable  of  maintaining  themselves  in  a  foreign  market. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  177 

►Try         P.  BLIVEN  &  CO.,  Yacht  Builders  and  Brokers,  Publishers  of  "  The  American  Yaclitsman,"Xo.  a(i  Beaver  Street.— There  is  no 
LM         outdoor  sport  or  pastime  tliat  has  become  so  permanently  popular  as  yachting,  and  the  great  yacht  races  of  recent  years  have 
/    I         served  to  heighten  the  desire  for  an  admiration  of  this  pleasurable  pursuit,  also  for  the  kindred  pastimes  of  boating  and  canoeing. 
J  So  many  people  being  interested  in  this  line,  it  is  but  natural  that  there  should  be  a  magazine  devoted  to  their  favorite  topics,  and 

the  place  is  ably  and  satisfactorily  filled  by  "  The  American  Yachtsman,"  published  by  the  Yachtsman  Publishing  C'l^nipany.  whose 
ofHce  is  at  No.  26  Beaver  Street.  This  journal  was  established  in  Januai-y,  ISST,  and  has  been  conducted  with  such  ability,  skill  and  enterprise 
that  its  success  has  been  steady,  sure  aud  healthy,  and  it  began  the  fourth  year  of  its  career  with  a  circulation  of  four  thousand  copies.  It  has 
subscribers  in  all  parts  of  the  civilized  globe,  and  its  popularity  and  influence  continues  to  increase  apace.  It  is  elegantly  printed  on  heavy, 
first-quality  paper,  in  readable  type,  a  relief  to  the  eyes,  and  the  typographical  and  artistic  work  displayed  in  its  make-up  are  perfect  in  every 
respect,  while  its  literary  and  special  features  are  highly  commendable.  "  The  American  Yachtsman  "  is  the  only  bona  fide  yachting  magazine 
published  in  America  or  Europe.  Its  columns  are  devoted  exclusively  to  yachting  and  other  aquatic  sports.  It  is  sold  at  twenty -five  cents 
per  copy,  or  to  subscribers  at  S2.30  for  twelve  successive  numbers,  at  which  price  it  is  the  cheapest  magazine  published.  Every  number  con- 
tains two  photo  engravings  of  prominent  yachts,  done  in  the  highest  order  of  the  art,  and  printed  in  delicate  photo  brown,  on  heavy  satin  pa- 
per suitable  for  framing.  Every  subscriber  tor  "  The  Yachtsman"  will  get  twenty-four  of  these  beautiful  engravings,  which  alone  are  intrinsi- 
cally worth  ten  times  the  price  of  subscription.  In  addition  to  this,  the  twelve  numbers  of  "  The  Yachtsman"  contains  over  five  hundred  pages 
of  useful,  valuable  and  official  yachting  news,  or  more  properly  speaking,  a  complete  history  of  yachting  for  the  year.  Unlike  any  other 
magazine,  the  value  of  "  The  Yachtsman  "  is  not  impaired  by  time.  On  the  contrary,  as  a  work  of  reference,  and  a  history  of  yachting  events, 
arranged  in  chronological  order,  its  future  worth  must  be  apparent.  Every  lover  or  patron  of  yachting,  rowing  or  canoeing  should  become 
a  subscriber  to  "  Tiie  Yachtsman."  It  will  only  cost  $2.50  for  twelve  numbers,  and  the  fund  of  information  obtained  for  such  a  small  outlay 
should  be  a  strong  incentive  for  supporting  a  medium  that  gives  so  much  in  return.  The  proprietor  and  editor  of  "  The  American  Yachtsman  " 
is  Mr.  A.  Perry  Bliven,  who  has  had  an  experience  of  thirty-six  years  in  yachting  matters,  having  been  actively  interested  therein  since  four- 
teen years  of  age,  and  he  has  an  expert  knowledge  of  every  detail  pertaining  thereto.  Mr.  Bliven  was  born  in  Rhode  Island,  and  has  resided 
in  Brookl,yn  since  1,%3.  Since  1S74  he  has  been  established  as  a  yacht  broker,  designer,  modeler  and  builder  of  yachts  of  every  description, 
also  a  designer  and  builder  of  steam  yachts  and  machinery.  During  his  career  he  has  owned  eighteen  valuable  yachts,  and  at  one  time  was 
a  member  of  the  yacht  clubs  in  Boston,  Brooklyn  and  Long  Island,  and  was  president  of  the  latter  club.  He  has  retired  from  them  all. 
The  following  craft  were  among  others  built  from  his  designs:  steam  yachts,  Meteor,  Nautilus,  Louisa,  Belle  H.,  Eclipse:  schooners.  Repub- 
lic, Speranza,  Meteor,  Princess,  etc.  During  the  past  ten  years  alone,  Mr.  Bliven  has  done  $350,000  worth  of  work.  He  is  prepared  to  design, 
model  and  build  yachts  of  all  classes,  embodying  speed  and  sea-going  qualities  of  the  highest  order.  Plans  and  specifications  are  supplied 
on  application.  As  a  yacht  broker,  Mr.  Bliven  has  over  six  hundred  steam  yachts  and  launches,  schooner  yachts,  sloop  yachts,  cutters, 
yawls,  naptha  launches,  cat  rigs,  etc.,  for  sale,  and  bargains  are  at  all  times  available.  Mr.  Bliven  is  at  all  times  pleased  to  receive  visitors 
or  communications,  and  will  be  found  a  pleasant  gentleman  with  whom  to  have  dealings. 

"-w-OHN  H,  EVERS,  Wholesale  Grocer,  and  Commission  Jlerchant,  No.  340  Greenwich  Street.— For  twenty-eight  years  or  more  J.  H. 

_^  I  Evers,  the  well-known  wholesale  grocer  and  commission  merchant,  of  No.  340  Gi'eenwich  Street,  has  been  engaged  m  the  line  indi- 
\@J  I      cated  in  this  vicinity.    He  was  formerly  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Evers  &  Co.,  established  in  1863,  succeeding  the  same  as  sole 

I  J  proprietor  soon  after,  and  for  the  past  twenty-two  years  has  conducted  business  alone  at  the  present  location  with  uniform  success. 
He  handles  a  general  line  of  staple  and  family  groceries,  handling  consignments  of  butter,  cheese,  eggs  and  kindred  produce,  on  com- 
mission, besides,  and  altogether  his  trade  is  of  a  substantial  character,  the  total  annual  sales  reaching  a  handsome  figure.  The  premises 
occupied  comprise  a  commodious  five-story  building,  with  ample  and  excellent  cold  storage  and  other  facilities,  and  an  efficient  staff  of 
help  is  employed.  A  heavy  and  carefully  assorted  stock  is  constantly  carried  on  hand,  and  includes  fine  teas  and  cotTees  of  all  kinds,  select 
spices  of  every  description;  condiments,  dried  fruit,  canned  goods  and  table  delicacies  in  great  varieties;  standard  grades  of  sugars,  syrups 
and  molasses,  best  brands  of  flour,  meal,  beans,  peas,  rice,  etc.  Choice  hams,  bacon  and  lard,  smoked  and  dried  meats  generally,  smoked, 
salt  and  dried  flsh,  crackers,  biscuit,  baking  powder,  soda,  saleratus,  salt  and  everything  comprehended  in  grocers'  sundries:  also  prime 
dairy  butter,  cheese,  fresh  eggs  and  country  produce.  The  prices  quoted  are  always  the  very  lowest  consistent  with  quality  and  quantity  of 
goods  purchased,  the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  dealei-s,  and  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  prompt  and  reliable  manner. 
Mr.  Evers  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  resided  in  this  coimtry  many  years,  coming  to  New  York  from  Augusta,  Ga.,  where  he  had  been  in 
business  for  quite  some  time,  in  18G3,  and  is  an  active  member  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange. 

CARR-LOWREY  GLASS  CO.,  No.  .35  Warren  Street.— There  is,  perhaps,  no  distinct  branch  of  the  glass  industry  in  which  such  notable 
progress  has  been  made  of  late  years  as  the  particular  line  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  druggists'  ware  and  kindred  articles.  The 
advance  made  in  the  direction  indicated  during  the  past  decade  or  two  has  been  especially  marked,  and  a  high  degree  of  perfection 
has  been  attained  in  the  productions.  Indeed,  the  class  of  glassware  referred  to  manufactured  by  some  of  our  leading  manufac- 
turers is  nothing  less  than  a  triumph  of  science  and  art:  and  in  this  connection  special  complimentary  notice  should  be  given  in  the 
present  review  to  the  C'arr-Lowrey  Glass  Co.,  whose  factory  and  main  office  are  in  Baltimore,  with  New  York  house,  Jlr.  W.  Lowrey,  general 
manager,  at  No.  .35  Warren  Street,  whose  goods  are  in  extensive  and  i-apidly  growing  demand  all  over  the  country,  owing  to  the  unequivocal 
superiority  thereof.  They  are  manufacturers  of  druggists',  chemists'  aud  perfumers'  glassware,  also  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  drug- 
gists' sundries,  and  their  productions  command  an  immense  sale  everywhere,  being  unsurpassed  in  any  feature  of  merit  by  anything  of  the 
kind  to-day  upon  the  market.  The  bottles  manufactured  by  the  company  mentioned  are  made  of  the  very  best  material  available  for  the 
purpose;  are  of  superior  finish,  perfect  stoppering  and  accurate  contents,  and  are  in  a  word  about  as  near  to  absolute  perfection  as  it  is  pos- 
sible to  make  such  articles.  The  manufacturing  plant,  too,  is  perfectly  equipped,  the  works  which  are  very  extensive  being  supplied  with  all 
the  latest  improved  machinery,  appliances  and  appurtenances,  and  upward  of  30a  hands  are  employed.  Having  in  their  employ  the  most 
competent  workmen  that  can  be  had  in  the  country,  and  being  within  easy  access  of  the  raw  material  of  the  very  best  kind,  with  unequaled 
transportation  facilities,  both  by  rail  and  water,  to  all  points  of  the  American  continent,  the  Carr-Lowrey  Glass  Co.  are  certainly  warranted 
in  saying  to  the  trade  that  they  are  enabled  to  produce  a  better  grade  of  ware  listed  by  them  than  can  be  had  from  other-  sources,  where 
less  attention  is  paid  to  quality  and  the  assortment  of  goods.  This  flourishing  enterprise  of  which  Chas.  Hilgenberg  is  president,  Samuel  J. 
Carr.  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  William  W.  Lowrey,  general  manager,  was  started  in  1889,  when  the  concern  was  duly  incorporated  under 
the  laws  of  Maryland,  and  the  signal  success  that  has  attended  it  fi-om  its  inception  abundantly  attests  the  merit  of  the  productions  to  say 
nothing  of  the  energy  and  ability  displayed  in  the  management  of  the  business.  The  quarters  occupied  as  oflice  and  salesroom  on  Warren 
Street,  this  city,  are  compact,  ample  and  well  ordered,  and  a  full  and  fine  sample  stock  is  always  kept  on  hand  hei-e,  including  everything 
comprehended  in  druggists',  chemists'  and  perfumers'  glassware,  bottles,  vials,  glasses,  tumblers,  glass  syringes,  funnels  and  kindred  articles 
in  great  variety;  also  a  multifarious  collection  of  pharmaceutical,  medical  and  surgical  specialties  and  druggists'  sundries  generally  in  this 
line.  Owing  to  their  manifest  advantage  the  firm  are  enabled  to  offer  substantial  inducements  to  the  trade  relative  to  quantity  of  goods,  and 
the  largest  orders  can  be  filled  from  the  works  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  special  attention  being  given  to  private 
molds.  Mr.  Lowrey,  the  New  York  representative  of  the  company,  is  a  gentleman  of  about  thirty-live  years  of  age.  and  a  New  Yorker  by 
birth.    He  is  a  man  of  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  business  ability  and  is  fully  conversant  with  tlie  wants  of  the  trade. 


17S 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


•rw-  C.  FRENCH  &  SON,  Mauufaoturers  of  Vault  aiul  Sidewalk  Lights  of  Every  Description,  No.  45-3  Caual  Sii-eet.— One  of  the  most 
-^  I  important  industries  allied  with,  or  in  a  measure  depending  upon  the  building  and  construction  trades,  is  the  manufacture  of  vault 
'^  I  and  sidewalk  lights.  As  the  commerce  and  trade  of  our  great  cities  increase,  and.  as  such  cities  become  crowded  almost  to  excess 
II  *  by  those  eager  to  take  pait  in  the  contention  for  prosperity,  it  follows,  as  a  natural  and  orderly  sequence,  that  every  foot  of  ground 
upon  which  such  cities  are  built,  becomes  enhanced  in  value.  So  it  follows,  again,  that  every  artifice  has  to  be  employed  to  put  to 
the  best  advantage  the  limited  area  upon  which  buildings  have  necessarily  to  be  constructed.  In  former  times,  the  sub-basement  or  cellar 
of  a  building  could  be  utilized  only  for  some  purpose  to  which  a  supply  of  liijht  and  air  was  but  a  minor  requirement.  Since  the  introduction 
of  the  system  of  lighting  notices  tlie  cellar,  vault,  sub-basement  or  other  underground  apartment  has  become  improved  in  value 
one  hundred  fold.  A  prominent  metropolitan  house  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  these  lights  is  that  of  J.  C.  French  &  Son,  of  No. 
452  Caual  Street.  The  date  of  the  establishment  of  this  firm  was  the  year  1871,  the  location  of  the  house  being  at  the  time  of  its  foundation 
iu  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  firm,  however,  regarding  the  metropolis  as  the  proper  theater  for  their  opei-ations  accordingly  in  1874  transferred 
their  business  to  New  York.  Messrs.  French  and  Son  have  manufactured  and  attached  vault,  roof,  sidewalk,  tloor  and  roof-lights  to  large 
buildings  in  most  of  the  priucipal  cities  of  the  Union,  and  in  many  of  tlie  prominent  buildings  on  tlie  principal  streets  and  avenues  of  the  me- 
tropolis. Among  the  lights  mauufactui'ed  by  this  house,  especial  mention  is  deserved  by  the  following:— The  "  Plain  Eyebrow  "  tile,  which  is 
adapted  to  rough  usage,  and  is  constructed  mainly  for  warehouses  and  wholesale  buildings.  Its  main  features  are  cleanliness  and  durability 
aud  it  is  made  up  with  one  and  one-half  inch  lenses.  The  "  Smooth  Surface  "  tile  is  made  up  with  an  elastic  cement,  that  yields  to  the  expan- 
sion of  the  glass,  ensuring  safety  and  permanence.  This  tile  has  twenty-seven  glasses  to  the  square  foot,  the  glasses  being  two  and  one-quarter 
inches  in  diameter,  and  the  cross  section  of  the  tile  being  one  inch  in  thickness.  The  "  Roped  Eyebrow  "  aud  "  Roof  Light  "  tile  are  excellent 
specialties,  giving  satisfaction  of  the  most  perfect  class,  wherever  used.  In  the  latter  tile  the  glasses  or  lenses  are  adjusted  so  as  to  be  as  near 
together  as  possible  and  the  tile  has  a  much  larger  glass  surface  to  the  square  foot  than  any  other  pressed  glass  tile  manufactured.  Messrs. 
French  and  Son  hold  valuable  patents  on  operators  for  trap  doors.  These  operators  are  fast  coming  into  general  use,  their  many  advantages 
conunending  them  strongly  to  tlie  public.  By  their  use  the  trap  door  is  always  fastened,  no  matter  what  position  it  is  in.  It  can  never  fall  or 
break;  can  be  opened  any  distance  for  ventilation,  and  cannot  be  opened  without  a  key.  Messrs.  French  and  Son  trade  largely  with  every  section 
of  the  United  States,  and  among  the  many  important  local  structures  to  which  they  have  applied  their  lights,  especial  mention  should  be  made 
of  the  Evening  Post  Building,  Harrigan's  Theater,  and  the  Brevoort  House,  Brooklyn.  The  senior  partner  of  the  house,  Mr.  J.  C  French  is  a 
native  of  New  Hampshire.  He  is  an  able  and  courteous  gentleman,  enjoying  the  esteem  of  all  with  whom  he  has  dealings.  Mr.  George  E. 
French,  his  son,  who  claims  the  metropolis  as  his  birthplace,  entered  the  Arm  in  the  year  1886.  Mr.  French,  Jr.,  has  for  his  saUent  charac- 
teristic an  individual  shrewdness  and  capability,  which  render  success  in  business  a  certainty.  The  firm  employs  over  thirty  assistants,  and 
the  large  shop  and  store,  conveniently  situated  at  No  4.53  Canal  Street,  which  consists  of  three  stories  and  basement  fitted  up  with  electric 
power,  is  constantly  stocked  with  a  large  and  varied  assortment  of  the  articles  handled  and  manufactured  by  this  house. 


EUGENE  SUTHERLAND,  Repacker  Foreign  Fruits,  No.  211  Duane  Street.— 
A  department  of  industry  that  has  been  developed  to  proportions  of  im- 
mense magnitude  in  this  city  during  the  past  three  decades,  is  that  of  the 
trade  in  foreign  and  domestic  fruits,  and  New  York  is  now  one  of  the  lead- 
ing fruit'  markets  in  the  world.  A  house  which  occupies  a  prominent 
position  in  this  line  is  that  of  Mr.  Eugene  Sutherland,  No.  211  Duane  Street,  where 
he  has  been  located  the  past  four  years,  and  where  he  is  carrying  on  extensive 
operations  as  a  repacker  of  foreign  fruit.  Tliis  is  the  only  house  of  consequence 
in  the  United  States  engaged  in  this  line,  and  its  immense  custom  demands  the 
employment  of  a  large  number  of  hanils.  Mr.  Sutherland,  whose  experience  in 
the  fruit  trade  covers  a  period  of  twenty  years,  established  business  on  his  own 
account  twenty  years  ago.  and  through  the  experience,  ability  and  energy  brought 
to  exercise  in  his  management  of  affairs,  success  was  met  from  the  outset,  and  his 
patronage  has  continued  to  steadily  grow  in  volume.  The  building  occupied  for 
the  industry  has  six  floors  and  basement,  the  dimensions  of  each  being  25  x  75  feet. 
The  place  is  admirably  equipped  with  all  requisite  appliances,  operated  by  steam- 
power,  and  every  convenience  is  at  hand  that  would  tend  to  facilitate  the  transac- 
tion of  business.  Mr.  Sutherland  personally  superhitends  the  operations  of  his 
men  and  repacks  fruit  of  all  kinds,  making  a  leading  specialty  of  raisins,  prunes, 
dates,  figs,  etc.  His  business  is  chiefly  with  fruit  commission  merchants,  and  the 
(rade  is.  consequently,  largely  local.  The  facilities  of  the  house  are  such  that  it 
can  promptly  meet  all  demands  made  upon  its  resources.  Mr.  Sutherland  is  a 
native  of  New  York,  is  popularly  known  in  trade  circles  and  about  town,  and  he 
has  well  won  the  splendid  success  he  has  achiev  d. 

r-w-OS.  MAYER'S  SONS,  Tobacco.  No.  193  Pearl  Street.— One  of  the  oldest  houses 
I       in  this  city  handling  tobacco  on  a  large  scale,  is  that  of  Jos.  Mayer's  Sons, 
m  I       founded  as  long  ago  as  the  year  1857.  by  Mr.  Joseph  .'\Iayer,  and  conducted  ^ 

I    I      in  a  manner  worthy  of  its  old  prestige,   since   his  death,  by  his  son,   Mr. 

^-^  Gerson  Mayer,  who  now  owns  the  business.  The  premises  occupied  for  the 
business  are  No.  193  Pearl  Street,  and  consist  of  a  commodious  and  every  way  suitably  appointed  store,  25  x  100  feet  in  measurement,  and 
carrying  a  stock  replete  in  every  grade  of  cigar  leaf  tobacco,  which  the  firm  imports  with  that  excellence  of  judgment  born  of  prolonged 
experience.  The  goods  carried  are  not  only  very  comprehensive,  but  exceedingly  large  in  quantity,  to  enable  the  house  to  meet  the 
demands  made  upon  it  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  its  trade  being  as  far-reaching  geographically  as  it  is  enormous  in  volume. 
Buying  direct  in  the  best  producing  markets,  it  is  in  a  position  to  offer  to  the  trade  very  special  inducements,  and  this,  in  common  with  its 
unbroken  record  of  honorable  dealing  for  thirty-three  years,  has  won  for  it  a  reputation  as  a  firm  which  may  be  looked  to  as  the  best  and 
most  reliable  one  with  whom  to  open  or  to  maintain  trading  relations.  Its  managing  proprietor  is  president  of  the  Tobacco  Board  of 
Trade,  and  is  not  only  specially  intimate  with  the  buying  and  selling  markets,  Init  is  regarded  by  those  best  qualified  to  form  an  opinion,  as 
an  ex<:eptionally  good  judge  of  the  value  of  leaf  tobacco,  able  to  buy  to  advantage,  and  ready  at  all  times  to  allow  patrons  a  generous 
share  of  the  benefit  which  accrues.  In  the  busy  establishment  at  Pearl  Street  is  a  competent  staff  of  clerks,  numbering  not  unfrequently  as 
many  as  fifteen,  and  the  important  executive  duties  of  the  house  in  connection  with  its  large  jobbing  and  wholesale  trade  are  always 
promptly  performed.  Mr.  Gerson  Mayer  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age.  born  in  Germany,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and  has 
served  his  adopted  country  t)oth  in  peace  and  war.  he  being  a  respected  army  veteran  as  well  as  a  prominent  and  esteemed  merchant. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  179 

VILLIAM  GARDNER,  Naval  Architect,  No.  10  Wliiteliall  Street.— The  genius  and  skill  of  American  architects  is  now  recognized  the 
world  over.  Among  those  wlio  have  won  distinction  in  naval  architecture  in  this  city  may  lie  mentioned  Mr.  Wm.  Gardner,  whose 
office  is  located  at  No.  19  Whitehall  Street.  Mr.  Gardner  has  been  established  at  tljis  location  since  18S8,  and  is  considered  one 
of  the  most  l-espousible  and  leading  naval  architects  in  New  York  at  the  pi-esent  day,  and  his  patl'onage  too,  which  is  of  the  most 
substantial  and  flattering  character  is  fully  commensurate  with  the  deservedly  high  reputation  tor  skill  and  ability  he  enjoys. 
Occupying  spacious  and  finely  appointed  offices,  and  assisted  by  several  exijcrt  di-aughtsmen,  he  devotes  close  pei-sonal  supervision  to  this 
all  important  features  of  the  business.  He  is  thoroughly  practical,  executing  plans  for  naval  architecture  in  the  most  reliable  and  e.xoellent 
manner,  and  also  furnishes  designs  and  estimates  for  any  proposed  structure  at  short  notiue,  he  also  personally  superintends  consti-nctiou 
when  desired.  He  has  drawn  plans  for  United  States  Naval  vessels,  and  South  American  Navies,  and  has  done  some  work  for  the  English 
Government.  All  orders  ai-e  promptly  and  satisfactorily  attended  to.  Mr.  Gai-dner  is  a  graduate  of  the  Cornell  University  and  of  the  Royal 
Naval  College  of  Greenwich.  He  is  devoted  to  his  profession,  and  is  a  gentleman  of  the  highest  personal  integrity,  as  well  as  of  energetic 
and  excellent  business  ability,  and  ranks  high  among  the  leading  architects  of  this  city. 

VM.  E.  SPANQEHL  &  SONS,  Blank  Book  Manufacturers,  No.  lOO-lOU  Reade  Street.— No  less  than  forty  years  of  industrial  trading 
stand  to  the  credit  of  the  firm  known  among  the  printers,  stationers  and  leading  mercantile  houses  of  the  city  as  a  reliable 
blank  book  manufacturing  house  under  the  name  of  Wm.  E.  Spangehl  &  Sons.  The  enterprise  was  initiated  by  Mr.  Wm. 
E.  Spangehl :  i  the  year  1831,  and  assumed  its  present  firm  name  in  18«1,  when  that  gentleman's  two  sons,  Messrs  Louis  W.  and 
Fred.  A.  Spangehl  were  admitted  to  partnership,  Mr.  Chas.  J.  Spangehl  also  having  an  interest  in  the  concern.  Two  floors  cov- 
ering a  large  area  are  occupied  tor  the  business  at  Nos.  100-102  Reade  Street,  duly  equipped  with  all  the  latest  improved  machines  obtainable, 
tools  and  appliances  for  the  manufacture  of  blank  books,  numbering,  perforating  and  evei-y  otiier  detail  requisite  in  a  full  plant  of  their  line 
of  business.  A  large  force  of  skilled  workmen  are  regularly  employed.  Work  is  principally  done  for  the  trade,  and  the  unbroken  record  of 
good  workmanship,  honorable  dealing  and  unquestionable  integrity,  secures  to  the  firm  the  constant  orders  of  many  large  mercantile,  bank- 
ing, printing  and  stationery  houses.  In  fact,  notwithstanding  their  lately  much  increased  facilities  they  find  it  almost  impossible  to  cope  with 
the  rapidly  increasing  business.  Messrs.  Wm.  E.  and  Chas.  J.  Spangehl  came  from  Germany,  the  land  of  their  birth,  to  this  city  forty-two 
years  ago,  and  the  two  sous  of  the  former  are  New  Yorkers  by  birth,  and  share  very  fully  with  their  senioi-s  the  credit  reflected  by  the  old 
and  well  directed  business. 

GM.  VAN  OLINDA,  Importer  and  Dealer  in  Fine  Whiskies,  No.  18  Harrison  Street.— Among  New  ITork's  leading  merchants  engaged 
in  the  wholesale  liquor  business  there  are  few,  if  any,  who  are  more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  in  the  trade  than  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He  is  a  direct  importer  of  fine  wines,  brandies,  etc.,  and  dealer  in  choice  brands  of  domestic 
•  whiskies;  also  jobber  in  teas  and  cigars,  and  has  a  substantial  wide-spread  business  connection  extending  west  as  far  as  Michigan, 
and  south  as  far  as  Tennessee  and  the  states  adjoining.  Mr.  Van  Olinda.  who  is  a  gentleman  of  full  middle  age,  was  born  in  Albany 
County,  N.  Y.,  but  has  resided  in  the  metropolis  since  IS.'Jo.  He  is  a  man  of  entire  reliability  in  his  dealing,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  thorough 
experience,  and  has  an  Al  standing  in  the  trade.  He  has  been  established  over  quarter  of  a  century,  and  in  1870  founded  the  firm  of  Besson 
&  Van  Olinda,  wholesale  grocers  and  liquor  dealei-s,  succeeding  the  same  as  sole  proprietor  in  1884.  Mr.  Van  Olinda  was  originally  located 
on  Duane  Street,  and  for  some  time  subsequently  had  his  place  of  business  on  Chambers  Street,  moving  later  to  Harrison  Street,  and  has 
occupied  the  present  quarters  since  1885,  being  tor  about  four  years  prior  thereto  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street.  The  business  premises 
here  are  spacious  and  commodious,  with  ample  storage  facilities  in  connection,  and  a  large  staff  is  employed  in  the  concern,  while  eight  rep- 
resentatives are  kept  on  the  road.  A  heavy  and  first-class  stock  is  constantly  carried  on  hand  (both  in  bond  and  free  of  duty),  and  includes 
fine  imported  and  domestic  wines,  brandies,  gins,  whiskies,  rums,  cordials,  bitters  and  liquors  of  every  description,  also  select  teas  and  cigars, 
one  of  his  leading  specialties  being  the  G.  M.  V.  O.  Fine  Old  Sour  Mash  Whiskey  attractively  bottled  and  cased.  No  interior  goods  whatever 
are  handled,  every  article  sold  by  this  reliable  house  being  guaranteed,  while  the  prices  are  maintained  at  tlie  very  lowest  figures  compatible 
with  quality  and  quantity  purchased,  the  most  liberal  terms  being  quoted  to  the  trade,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  attention. 

fW"       SHACK,  Importer  of  Havana  and  Sumatra  Tobacco,  No.  178  Pearl  Street. — The  trade  in  leaf  tobacco  in  New  York  City  has  grown 
^.^1  to  immense  proportions,  and  involves  so  much  technical  knowledge  that  in  order  to  conduct  it  successfully  it  must  be  handled  by 

\^  I  experts.    When  a  liouse  has  enjoyed  a  liberal  patronage  and  popularity  in  this  business  for  a  term  of  years  almost  equal  to  a 

I  J  *  quarter  of  a  century  it  is  evident  that  its  management  is  characterized  by  integrity,  knowledge  and  good  judgment.  Such  are  the 
circumstances  connected  with  the  history  of  the  popular  and  responsible  house  of  Mr.  J.  Shack,  desirably  located  at  No.  178  Pearl 
Street;  which  was  founded  originally  in  1889  by  his  father.  A.  Shack,  who  conducted  it  with  success  and  ability  until  1881,  when  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  present  proprietor,  under  whose  enterprising  direction  and  management  the  business  has  grown  to  its  present  volume 
and  influence,  being  exclusively  wholesale  and  extending  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  Canada  and  Europe.  The  premises  occu- 
pied for  business  purposes  are  amply  spacious  and  commodious,  and  very  appropriately  fitted  up  with  eveiy  convenience  and  include  an 
office  and  salesroom,  with  ample  facilities  for  the  storage,  assorting  and  packing  of  their  large  and  valuable  stock,  and  employment  is  given 
to  a  sufficient  force  of  skilled  and  experienced  hands.  Their  stock  includes  all  the  different  varieties  of  the  very  choicest  Havana  and  Suma- 
tra seed  leaf  tobacco,  also  a  full  line  of  the  best  varietic-.  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania.  Maryland,  Ohio,  and  Wisconsin  growths.  Having 
superior  connections  with  growers  and  shippers  in  Cuba  and  Sumatra  also  in  the  best  tobacco  growing  I'egions  in  this  country  and  hand- 
ling large  quantities,  he  is  prepared  to  lay  before  manufacturers  the  most  desirable  leaf  at  prices  not  easily  found  elsewhere.  Mr.  Shack  is 
a  resident  of  this  city  since  1869.  He  is  a  pleasant,  enterprising  and  active  young  man  of  excellent  business  ability  and  whose  social  and 
business  record  is  well  worthy  of  the  respect  and  confidence  it  commands. 

VM.  .SMITH  &  CO..  Gold  and  Silver  Chains,  Etc.,  Nos.  5  and  7  Maiden  Lane.— Wm.  Smith.  Sr.  was  born  in  Scotland  and  had 
little  left  him  by  way  of  a  competence,  save  the  common  legacy  of  her  sons,  lusty  bodies,  good  health,  upright  characters  and  a 
will  that  will  surmount  almost  any  obstacle  that  blocks  the  way  to  success.  He  came  to  the  United  States  tor  the  very  sensible 
reason  that  it  presented  the  one  desirable  field  for  his  capital,  which  consisted  almost  exclusively  of  Nature's  gifts.  They  car- 
ried him  to  the  front  in  the  rough  and  tumble  fight  of  life,  and  thirty-five  years  ago,  he  established  the  house  over  which  his  two 
sons,  William  and  David  N.  Smith  now  preside  with  the  same  honesty  of  purpose  and  shrewd  business  principles  which  gave  their  father  such 
marked  success.  Their  large  manufacturing  establishment,  one  of  the  best  equipped  and  best  managed  in  existence,  is  located  at  No.  01  Peck 
Street,  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  the  Messrs.  Smith  were  born  and  their  father  started  the  factory.  Here  they  employ  two  hundred  men,  and 
manufacture  the  jewelry  demanded  in  supplying  their  immense  trade.  Their  New  Y'ork  office  at  Nos.  5  and  7  Maiden  Lane  is  finely  fitted  up  and 
gives  employment  to  five  men,  while  three  are  kept  on  the  road  looking  after  the  interests  of  the  trade.  Gold  and  silver  chains  are  a  specialty 
in  which  the  house  has  secured  an  enviable  reputation,  its  goods  having  a  strong  claim  in  quality,  workmanship  and  designs.  The  Smith 
Brothers  have  high  standing  in  the  business  circles  of  New  Y'ork,  are  members  of  the  Jewelers'  Board  of  Trade,  and  in  all  respects  are  gentle- 
men in  whose  business  ability  and  integrity  implicit  confidence  can  be  placed. 


180 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


VH.  RANKIN,  Manufacturer  of  Rooting  Materials,  No.  91  Maideu  Lane.— This  important  aud  flourishing  enterprise,  established 
in  the  year  1872  by  Mr.  Rankin,  is  rightfully  considered  one  of  the  largest  plants  of  its  kind,  not  only  in  this  city,  but  in  tliis 
country.  Indeed  it  would  be  impossible  to  locate  another  such  establishment  better  equipped  for  carrying  on  the  business,  or 
*  better  provided  witti  the  means  for  executing  this  class  of  work,  promptly  and  systematically,  than  this  one.  The  premises 
in  this  city  at  No.  91  Maiden  Lane,  comprise  the  general  office  and  warerooms.  located  in  a  capacious  store,  'Jo  x  100  feet, 
with  basement  facilities.  Here  is  carried  in  stock  a  complete  line  of  the  various  important  products  produced  by  the  establishment- 
The  factory  is  located  at  Elizabethport,  N.  J.,  and  is  a  capacious  brick  building,  thoroughly  equipped  with  new  and  modem  machinery 
and  appliances,  driven  by  steam  power,  and  with  the  outbuildings  and  yard,  covers  about  eight  acres  of  land.  One  hundred  operatives  are 
employed  at  these  works,  engaged  in  producing  those  special  lines  of  goods  that  have  given  this  house  a  world  wide  reputation.  These 
special  products  are  roofing  materials,  rosin  sized,  and  Rankin's  patent  painted  felt  for  sheathing,  roofing  pitch,  liquid  roof  paints,  patent 
three-ply  brown  felting,  tarred  single  t\\o  and  three-ply  felting,  and  goods  of  a  kindred  nature.  The  leading  feature  to  be  noted  however,  is 
the  celebrated  "'  Empire  "  brand  of  water-proof  sheathing,  made  exclusively  by  this  house.  It  isthree  feet  wide  and  runs  five  hundred  square 
feet  to  the  roll.  It  is  warm  m  winter,  cool  in  summer,  but  healthful  all  the  year  round.  It  is  clean  to  handle,  obnoxious  to  mice  and  vermin 
of  every  description,  is  entirely  waterproof,  and  will  cover  more  space  for  the  same  money  than  any  other  water-proof  sheathing.  To  those 
of  our  readers  interested  in  this  line  of  goods  we  can  only  say:  send  for  catalogue  and  price  list.  The  house  is  known  in  every  section  of 
this  country,  whither  its  goods  find  a  ready  market.  Mr.  W.  H.  Rankin,  the  sole  proprietor,  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  enterptis- 
ing,  energetic  and  public-spirited.  He  was  born  in  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  and  has  given  the  manufacture  of  roofing  materials  deep  study  since 
early  manhood. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  181 

G  FERNANDEZ  &  CO..  ImporU^rs  of  Havana  Leaf  Tobacco,  No.  200  Pearl  Street.— Eminently  qualified  for  the  functions  of  an  im- 
porter of  Havana  leaf  tobacco,  by  virtue  of  his  mtimate  acquaintance  with  all  the  details  of  its  growth  and  curing,  in  the  couutr}- 
of  his  birth,  Mr.  G.  Fernandez  has  won  for  his  firm  (the  "■  company"  being  nominal)  a  very  wide  and  high  recognition 
•  The  enterprise  was  founded  in  this  country-  seventeen  years  ago,  and  the  extent  of  patronage  now  accorded  to  It  is  the  result 
of  steady  and  persistent  growth  year  by  year,  in  response  to  the  excellence  of  its  catering  in  choice  leaf,  facilitated  by  its 
having  an  establishment  at  No.  53  Estrella,  Havana,  and  also  cultivated  by  the  consistent  adherence  to  the  highest  code  of  honor  in  all  its 
transactions.  The  New  York  premises  are  at  No.  200  Pearl  Street,  and  comprise  an  elegantly  appointed  office,  upstairs,  35  x  50  feet  in  dimen- 
sions. Its  big  business,  numbering  customers  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  is  conducted  from  that  center  by  a  staff  of  clei-ks  well 
trained  in  the  business,  and  under  the  immediate  guidance  of  the  experienced  and  courteous  principal,  who  gives  his  individual  attention  to 
affairs  and  spares  no  pains  to  maintain  the  reputation  of  his  house  as  untarnished  as  it  has  been  in  the  past.  Mr.  Fernandez  is  a  gentleman 
of  middle  age.  born  in  Spain,  but  a  resident  of  this  country  for  the  past  seventeen  years.  In  social  matters  as  in  business  affairs  he  occupies 
a  prominent  place,  and  is  universally  esteemed  by  those  with  whom  he  is  brought  into  contact. 

P&  F.  CORBIN,  Manufacturers  of  Screws  and  Builders'  Hardware.  Nos.  ^  and  26  Murray  Street.— Half  a  century  of  steady  progress 
sums  up  in  brief  the  history  of  the  widely  known  and  noteworthy  firm  of  P.  &  F.  Corbin,  manufacturers  of  screws  and  builders' 
hardware,  whose  New  York  warehouse  is  located  at  Nos.  24  and  20  Murray  Street,  their  principal  office  and  factories  being  at  New 
•  Britain,  Conn.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  largest  concerns  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  and  its  productions  command  an 
immense  sale  throughout  the  American  continent,  while  they  export  very  extensively  also  to  Central  and  South  America,  Europe 
and  Australia,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  at  which  the  same  are  maintained.  Their  specialties  in  fine  brass  and  bronze  metal 
goods  are  articles  of  exceptional  excellence,  noted  for  beauty  of  design,  efficacy,  durability  and  general  features  of  merit,  and  are  unsur- 
passed by  anything  in  the  line  indicated  on  the  market,  as  the  wide  and  increasing  demand  therefore  abundantly  attests.  This  flourishing 
enterprise,  which  had  inception  over  fifty  years  ago,  was  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Connecticut  in  1854,  and  during  the  entire 
period  of  its  existence  the  business  has  been  conducted  under  the  present  firm  name  with  uninterrupted  success,  Mr.  F.  Corbin,  one  of  the 
founders,  however,  retiring  from  active  connection  with  the  firm  some  years  since.  The  works  at  New  Britain  comprise  several  huge  brick 
structures,  operated  by  full  steam-power  and  completely  equipped  in  every  respect  with  the  latest  improved  machinery,  tools  and  facilities, 
and  over  fourteen  hundred  hands  are  employed  in  the  factories.  Besides  the  New  York  house,  which  is  under  the  efficient  management  of 
William  Bishop,  the  firm  have  a  branch  in  Chicago,  likewise,  and  altogether  their  trade  is  something  enormous,  the  total  annual  sales  aggre- 
gating a  very  handsome  figure.  The  premises  occupied  as  office  and  salesrooms  in  this  city  comprise  a  .50  x  100  feet  first  floor  and  base- 
ment, and  are  tastefully  fitted  up  and  excellently  arranged  for  the  storage  and  display  of  stock;  and  the  staff  emploj'ed  here  numbers 
fourteen,  exclusive  of  four  representatives  selling  for  the  house,  outside,  throughout  the  city  and  vicinity.  An  extensive  and  splendid  assort- 
ment is  constantly  kept  on  hand,  including  screws  in  every  size,  style  and  variety;  locks,  door-knobs,  hinges  and  a  multifarious  collection  of 
builders'  hardware;  also  elegant  brass  and  bronze  metal  goods  and  kindred  articles  in  great  variety,  and  all  orders  for  the  trade  are 
attended  to  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner.    Bottom  prices  are  quoted. 

rTrUAN  CASAS.  Importer  and  Manufacturer  of  Corkwood  and  Corks.  Juan  Sabater,  Representative,  No.  1784  Water  Street.— In  the 
--  I  importation  of  corkwood  and  the  manufacture  of  corks,  the  house  which,  by  the  general  consent  of  those  acquainted  with  the  busi- 
\^  I      ness.  is  the  oldest  in  the  world,  is  that  of  Juan  Casas,  whose  headquarters  are  in  Spain,  and  who  are  represented  in  this  city  by  j\lr. 

I  I      Juan  Sabater  at  No.  178i  Water  Street.     This  old  and  firmly  established  enterprise  was  founded  in  the  year  1825  by  Antonio  Veinjaz, 

to  whom  succeeded  Veinjaz  &  Co. :  to  them.  Veinjaz,  Huygen  &  Co. ;  to  them,  in  turn,  Casas  &  Huygen ;  and,  finally  Mr.  Juan  Casas, 
as  sole  proprietor.  The  l>ead  offices  of  the  concern  are  at  San  Feliu  de  Guixols,  Spain,  and  branch  offices  are  established  at  Sevilla,  Spain, 
and  at  Villa  Nova  de  Portimao,  Portugal;  and  from  these  the  firm's  Rotterdam  establishment  is  supplied  with  corkwood,  to  suit  the  various 
markets  of  the  world  and  the  various  purposes  for  which  it  is  used.  Representing  so  eminent  a  house  the  New  York  agent  is  able  to  offer 
rery  special  inducements  to  dealers,  and  a  large  business  is  done  from  this  center.  At  the  Water  Street  premises  which  comprise  four 
floors,  each  25  x  100  feet  in  superfice,  a  large  and  comprehensive  stock  is  carried.  With  so  large  a  stock,  and  so  ample  a  selection  it  is 
no  matter  for  surprise  that  the  house  should  be  able  to  All  orders  and  make  shipments  to  all  parts  of  the  Union  with  the  commendable 
promptitude  it  does,  nor  that  its  resources  should  be  called  into  requisition  on  a  large  scale.  Mr.  Juan  Ca.sas  is  a  native  of  Spain,  where  he 
still  resides,  and  Mr.  Juan  Sabater  was  also  born  in  Spain,  but  came  to  the  United  States  in  1884  and  has  resided  in  this  city  since  that  date. 

r-w-AMES  THOMPSON  &  CO.,  Valley  Falls  Flax  Mills,  Manufacturers  of  Mosquito  Nets,  Buckram.  Tarlatan  and  Twines,  No.  139  West 
-^  I  Broadway.— This  is  one  of  the  leading  concerns  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  as  well  as  one  of  the  best  known,  and  most  pros- 
^  I       perous.     The  business  was  established  twenty  years   ago    by  the  present  proprietors,    Messrs.  James  Thompson  &  Co.  and  its 

II  management  has  been  marked  by  push,  enterprise  and  ability.     The  products  of  the  house  have  ever  been  maintained  at  the  highest 
degree  of  excellence,  and  bear  a  standard  reputation  in  the  market,  and  are  in  popular  demand  by  the  trade.    The  firm  employs  a 

number  of  traveling  salesmen,  have  resident  agents  in  ail  the  principal  cities,  and  a  western  office  at  No.  221  Kinzie  Street.  Chicago.  The 
mills  at  Valley  Falls  are  of  extensive  proportions  and  equipped  with  the  best  improved  machinery,  and  employment  is  furnished  a  force 
of  three  hundred  expert  operatives  in  the  various  departments,  all  of  whose  labors  are  carefully  supervised.  The  products  of  the  mills 
consist  of  mosquito  nets,  buckram,  tarlatan  and  twines  of  all  kinds,  all  made  from  the  best  selected  materials,  in  the  most  finished  style  of 
workmanship.  The  annual  output  reaches  a  value  of  $^3iX),000  and  the  trade  still  continues  to  increase.  The  members  of  the  firm  are:  Mr. 
James  Thompson,  and  Mrs.  R.  A.  Schoneman,  and  R.  Buchman  is  manager  of  the  business.  Mr.  Thompson  assists  at  Valley  Falls,  where 
he  gives  his  attention  to  the  management  of  the  mills.  All  parties  connected  with  this  business  are  of  ripe  experience,  prominently  known 
in  commercial  and  financial  circles,  and  occupy  an  A  1  standing  in  the  business  world. 

r-w-OHN  H.  DOBBS.  No.  60  Barclay  Street.— One  of  the  leading  business  representatives  in  this  city  is  John  H.  Dobbs.  of  No.  60  Barclay 
-^  I  Street.  Established  in  1878.  he  is  the  important  and  invaluable  agent  for  A.  J.  Beatty  &  Sons,  manufactures  of  pressed  and  blown 
\S)|  tumblers,  of  Tiffin,  Ohio;  the  Bellaire  Goblet  Company,  manufacturers  of  stem  and  table  glassware,  Findlay.  Ohio;  the  Riverside 
(I  Glass  Works,  manufacturers  of  table  glassware,  of  Wellsburg.  West  Virginia,  and  Gill  Bros.  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  chimneys 
and  reflectors,  of  Steubenville,  Ohio.  Mr.  Dobbs  has  also  a  very  fine  office  at  No.  7t»  Milk  Street,  Boston,  which  he  pei-sonally 
superintends,  making  frequent  trips  between  this  city  and  Boston.  He  carries  a  full  line  of  samples,  including  all  kinds  of  glassware, 
orders  for  goods  being  sent  to  the  companies  in  the  various  towns  named.  Mr.  Dobbs  has  also  a  growing  export  trade,  covering  Cuba, 
Australia,  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies.  His  office  in  New  York  is  30x30  feet  and  neatly  appointed,  being  located  on  the  second  floor.  It  is  a 
fact  worthy  of  mention  that  some  of  New  York's  most  representative  business  men  are  natives  of  the  South.  Born  in  Georgia,  Mr.  Dobbs 
is  now  in  the  prime  of  life  and  an  energetic,  prompt,  reliable  business  man  in  all  of  his  transactions.  He  has  the  distinction  of  representing 
some  of  the  most  noted  glassware  manufacturers  in  America,  and  all  of  his  goods  are  of  the  finest  and  most  reliable  grades. 


182 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


SOUTH  BROOKLYN  SAW  MILL  COMPANY,  Hamilton  Avenue,  Foot  Prospect  Avenue,  South  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Manufacturers  and 
Dealers  in  Yellow  Pine,  Oak  and  White  Pine  Timber.  Samuel  A.  Skead,  Manager,  New  York  Office,  No.  16  Beaver  Street.— Viewed 
from  a  commercial  standpoint  the  product  of  the  forest  constitutes  a  factor  of  surpassuig  importance  in  this  city,  as  it  is  scarcely  nec- 
essary to  remark.  The  timber  and  lumber  business  is  in  all  respects  one  of  the  great  branches  of  trade  in  the  metropolis.  The 
exports  alone  from  the  port  of  New  York  in  the  course  of  a  year  reach  immense  proportions,  and  the  volume  of  business  grows  apace. 
Notable  among  the  representative  concerns  contributing  to  the  sum  of  commercial  activity  in  the  line  indicated,  is  that  of  the  South  Brook- 
lyn Saw  Mill  Company,  whose  New  York  office,  Samuel  A.  Skead,  Manager,  is  located  at  No.  16  Beaver  Street  with  mill  yards  and  home 
office  on  Hamilton  Avenue,  foot  of  Prospect  Avenue,  South  Brooklyn.  They  are  manufacturers  and  wholesale  dealers  in  yellow  pine,  oak 
and  white  pine  timber,  Hackmatack  timber  and  knees,  and  their  trade,  which  is  exceedingly  large,  extends  practically  all  over  the  world, 
exporting  extensively  to  the  West  Indies,  Central  and  South  America,  Europe  and  the  antipodes.  They  are,  in  fact,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
largest  concerns  of  the  kind  in  this  city  and  state,  and  their  total  annual  traiisactions  reach  a  handsome  figure,  handling  some  30,000,000  feet 
of  timber  and  lumber  a  year,  on  an  average.  The  South  Brooklyn  Saw  Mill  Company,  of  which  Jesse  C.  W^oodhuU  is  president,  and  C.  K. 
Buckley,  vice-president  and  treasurer,  was  incorporated  in  1854  under  the  laws  of  thesta.te,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000,  which  has  been  recently 
increased  to  $500,000,  and  the  New  York  office  was  established  some  three  years  ago,  expressly  for  the  purpose  of  handling  the  export  busi- 
ness, wliich  has  notably  increased  of  late.  The  premises  occupied  in  South  Brooklyn  cover  ten  acres  of  ground,  and  are  completely  equipped 
in  every  respect,  having  ample  water  front  and  exceptional  facilities  generally,  while  a  big  force  of  help  is  employed.  A  heavy  stock— about 
8,000.000  feet — is  constantly  carried  on  hand  here,  and  all  orders  by  telephone  (call  No.  65,  Brooklyn)  are  attended  to  in  the  most  expeditious 
and  trustworthy  manner.  The  New  York  office  is  connected  by  telephone  also,  (call  No.  40,  new),  and  all  communications  receive  prompt 
response,  several  efficient  clerks  being  in  attendance,  while  Mr.  Skead  exercises  immediate  personal  supervision  over  every  detail  of  the  busi- 
ness done  here. 

VG.  DEAN  &.  SON,  Mustards,  Etc.,  Nos.  361  and  303  Washington  Street.— The  best-known  house  in  the  mustard  trade  of  this 
country  is  that  of  W.  G.  Dean  &  Son,  whose  factory  occupies  a  large  building  at  the  corner  of  Washington  andN.  Moore  Streets, 
tliis  city.  The  house  was  founded  by  J.  D.  Herron  and  William  G.  Dean  in  1853.  Mr.  Herron  had  been  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
*  ture  of  mustard  in  England  for  twenty  years  previously.  He  operated  a  very  large  factory  in  London,  and  sold  its  products  all 
over  Europe.  In  1851,  he  sent  for  a  number  of  samples  of  American  made  mustards,  and  found  them  decidedly  inferior  to  those 
of  English  manufacture.  This  discovery  satisfied  him  that  there  was  an  opening  for  the  manufacture  of  good  mustard  in  the  United  States. 
He  sold  out  his  London  business,  and  transferred  his  capital  to  this  country.  Captain  Ludlow,  the  chief  officer  of  the  steamship  Ariel, 
one  of  a  hne  owned  by  Commodore  Vanderbilt,  on  which  Mr.  Herron  came  to  this  country,  brought  Mr.  Herron  and  Mr.  Dean  together. 
The  latter  was  then  associated  with  the  old  established  clothing  house  of  Brooks  Brothers,  who  were  at  that  time  located  on  the  corner  of 
Water  and  Catherine  Streets.  The  result  of  their  introduction  was  a  proposition  made  by  Mr.  Herron  that  the  two  should  enter  into  the 
manufacture  of  mustard  by  the  old  English  process,  which  had  been  so  successful  in  Europe.  This  consisted  of  drying  the  mustard  seed  in 
a  kiln  until  the  fixed  oil  had  been  thoroughly  dried  out.  Then  it  was  passed  through  steel  rollers,  and  the  flour  separated  from  the  bran  by 
the  old  style  bolting-cloth  sieves.  Afterwards  the  flour  was  allowed  to  stand  for  six  days  in  large  boxes,  in  order  that  the  chemical  action 
set  up  by  exposure  to  the  atmosphere  might  darken  the  flour  to  the  regulation  hue.    Herron  &  Dean  were  successful  from  the  start  in  plac- 


PiCTilRie^ 


ing  their  goods  with  many  of  the  large  jobbing  houses  in  New  York.  Baltimore,  Philadelphia  and  the  New  England  cities.    In  the  summer  of 

1854.  Mr.  Herron  died.    Mr.  Dean  bought  out  the  interest  of  his  deceased  partner's  widow,  and  continued  the  business  in  his  own  name.     In 

1855,  he  invented  an  improved  process  for  separating  the  mustard  flour  from  the  hulls  or  bran,  which  saved  a  great  deal  of  labor.  This  con 
sisted  in  putting  about  two  thousand  pounds  of  mustard  seed  into  large  vats,  and  allowing  it  to  soak  there  for  twelve  hours.  Afterwards  it 
is  put  through  the  processes  above  described.  Owing  to  the  soaking  thm  received,  the  bran  is  much  more  easily  removed  from  the  flour,  in 
fact,  a  saving  of  sixty  per  cent,  in  labor  is  made.  In  1860,  Mr.  Dean  made  still  further  improvements  in  the  process  of  manufacture.  By 
these  means  the  fixed  oil  is  separated  from  the  essential  oil  by  a  hydraulic  pressure.  This  fixed  oil  is  very  valuable  as  a  condiment  for  salads 
and  for  use  in  feeding  signal  lights  in  very  cold  climates,  where  other  oils  chill  and  thicken.  In  1870,  he  invented  a  third  process  for  manu- 
facturing mustard  by  heat,  which  "lias  proved  very  valuable,  and  is  protected  by  patents  granted  by  the  English  and  American  Governments. 
Mustard  manufactured  by  this  process  will  keep  in  any  climate.  It  is  the  variety  so  generally  known  as  Dean's  Patent  Ardenter  Mustard. 
The  flour  is  cooked  in  a  kettle  provided  with  a  jacket  filled  with  live  steam.  Thus  every  particle  of  moisture  is  expelled  from  the  flour,  and 
when  properly  cased,  it  will  keep  indefinitely,  even  at  the  equator.  No  other  mustard  made  has  this  quality.  In  1871,  Mr.  Dean  added  the 
manufacture  of  mass  and  stick  licorice  to  his  business.  His  inventive  genius  enabled  him  to  make  many  improvements  in  this  branch.  In 
consequence,  the  business  grew  so  rapidly  that  for  more  than  a  year  past  the  firm  have  been  from  sixty  to  ninety  days  behind  their  orders. 
Their  pure  Calabria,  branded  D.  &  S.,  is  made  from  the  finest  imported  Spanish  mass.  Besides  the  D.  &  S.  Calabria,  they  also  manufac- 
ture several  other  brands  of  stick  licorice;  also  various  kinds  of  licorice  lozengers  and  tablets  for  the  druggists'  and  confectioners'  trade. 
They  also  sell  to  the  former  trade  root  licorice  in  bundles  of  various  weights. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  183 

E  EDWARD  BURR.  Export  Commission  Merchant,  No.  28  Liberty  Street.— Possessed  of  a  very  thorough  and  general  acquaintance 
with  various  descriptions  of  merchandise,  and  tlieir  market  values,  as  well  as  great  general  commercial  aptitude,  Mr.  E.  Edward 
Burr  has  been  able  to  build  up  a  gratifyingly  large  connection  for  his  business  as  a  commission  merchant,  exporting  to  Spanish 
•  America,  since  its  inception  three  years  ago,  a  task  that  has  been  greatly  facilitated  by  his  familiarity  with  the  requirements  of  that 
country,  he  having  resided  there  until  the  date  of  liis  coming  to  this  city  eleven  years  ago.  The  trade  done  is  on  commission,  and  the 
steady  personal  application  evidenced  by  Mr.  Burr,  together  with  the  soundness  of  his  judgment  in  selecting  such  products  and  nianufactuz-es 
ot  America  as  find  a  ready  and  profitable  sale  in  the  markets  to  which  he  exports,  has  inspired  unbounded  confidence  in  the  firm,  both  with 
houses  here  who  need  a  foreign  market,  and  with  the  Spanisli- American  traders  wlio  have  customers  for  our  goods;  with  the  result  that  the 
house  under  notice  is  one  steadily  and  uniformly  growing  favor  in  both  countries,  and  Mr.  E.  Edward  Burr,  who  is  a  young  man  of 
marked  energy  and  enterprise,  has  the  assistance  of  two  employees  iu  the  clerical  and  other  work  of  his  office,  which  is  located  at  No.  28 
Liberty  Street. 

T^  OBERT  K.  CARTER.  Purchasing  Agent,  No.  13  Murray  Street.— To  the  manufacturer  and  the  trader  alike  the  purchasing  agent  wh(i 
M^      comes  between  renders  signal  service,  focusing  in  his  house  the  goods  required  from  a  dozen,  a  score  or  an  hinidred  manufacturers, 
I  \       required  by  one  trader,  and  sending  thenj  on  direct  in  bulk.     Tliat  this  is  especially  the  case  with  hardware,  an  industrj-  cut  up  into 
V     innumerable  separate  trades,  can  be  testified  to  by  a  very  large  number  of  the  correspondents  and  patrons  of  -Mr.  Robert  K.  Carter, 
an  eminent  purchasing  agent  for  large  wholesale  firms  located  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  who  has  been  conducting  a  business 
of  this  character  since  1875  with  unbroken  success,  and  to  the  most  unqualified  satisfaction  of  many  of  the  largest  manufacturers  and 
trading  houses  of  the  country,  to  whom  the  services  he  renders  on  an  insignificantly  small  percentage  make  him  little  short  of  a  benefactor. 
Mr.  Carter  was  for  twenty  years  here  at  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Carter,  3Iagill  Hardware  Company,  and  the  experience  he  gained  during  that 
period,  in  connection  witli  the  extensive  and  comprehensive  business  done  by  that  Iiouse,  added  to  that  which  has  been  acquired  while  con- 
ducting the  present  enterprise  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  has  made  him  one  of  the  best  informed  men  on  hardware  matters  m  the  Unit-^ 
States.    This  is  freely  admitted  and  widely  recognized,  and  the  amount  of  heavy  and  shelf  hardware  handled  by  the  agency  is  thoroughl    .a 
character  with  the  favorable  terms  upon  which  it  enables  its  clients  to  do  business,  while  the  proportions  to  which  it  has  now  grown,  by 
steady  increase  year  by  year,  have  become  such  as  to  give  employment  to  a  staff  of  fifteen  assistants.    The  business  was  originally  founded 
on  Chambers  Street,  but  has  been  conducted  from  its  present  ehgible  quartei's  at  No.  13  Murray  Street  for  the  past  three  years.    The  premises 
there  occupied  are  25  x  100  feet  in  extent  and  admirably  arranged  to  expedite  the  shipping  of  the  goods,  representing  every  department  of 
hardware,  which  Mr.  Carter's  excellent  judgment  and  painstaking  labors,  exerted  in  the  best  interests  of  his  patrons,  have  brought  together. 
Mr.  Carter  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  about  fifty  years  of  age,  and  there  is  perhaps  no  gentleman  in  the  city  so  widely  esteemed  amongst  large 
buyers  and  sellers  of  hardware. 

'-T'OHN  CASSIDY,  Blank  Book  Manufacturer,  Nos.  221.  223  and  225  Fulton  Street.— A  well  organized  business  in  the  blank  book  manufac- 
_.  I  turing  trade,  and  one  equipped  in  the  most  modern  style  is  that  at  Nos.  221,  223  and  2^5  Fulton  (corner  of  Greenwich  Street)  of  which 
^  I  Mr.  John  Cassidy  is  the  head.  It  had  its  inception  in  1881  and  was  from  the  first  provided  with  all  suitable  machinery;  but  even  the 
1  J  past  decade  has  brought  with  it  striking  developments,  and  the  firm  in  question  was  not  content  to  be  among  those  left  in  the 
rear,  but  brings  itself  up  to  date  by  the  employment  of  electric  motive  power.  Technically  its  trade  is  that  of  blank  book  manufactur- 
ing, but  the  expression  "  blank  book  "  is  somewhat  of  a  misnomer  since  the  scope  of  its  industry  includes  the  making  of  all  descriptions  of 
account  books,  manuscript  books,  diaries,  and  kindred  volumes,  many  of  the  machine  rulings  being  of  a  most  intricate  character,  always 
most  accurately  executed  to  meet  the  requirements  for  the  particular  purpose  for  which  they  are  intended,  while  the  work  is  neatly  per- 
formed, strongly  and  durably  bound,  and  delivered  to  customers  at  prices  which  will  compare  favorably  with  those  generally  prevailing  in 
the  trade.  Mr.  Cassidy  has  lately  secured  the  franchise  for  the  manufacture  of  these  now  celebrated  Philadelphia  Patent  Flexible  Backs  for 
blank  books,  is  prepared  to  sew  and  bmd  them  in  the  best  possible  manner  at  short  notice  and  at  a  greatly  reduced  price  from  that  formerly 
charged.  Printers  and  stationers  can  have  sewing  done  at  trade  prices  and  short  notice.  This  is  the  only  blank  book  that  opens  and 
remains  absolutely  flat  without  any  strain  on  the  binding.  The  firm's  business  connections  extend  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  num- 
ber of  operatives  employed  by  it  is  about  twenty-five,  the  productiveness  of  their  labor  being  almost  indefinitely  multiplied  by  the  use  of 
tlie  most  improved  labor  saving  machinery.  The  record  of  the  house  as  a  notably  fair  dealing  one,  not  only  makes  it  favorably  known  to  pa- 
trons but  causes  it  to  stand  well  in  what  may  be  called  the  raw  material  market  of  its  business,  and  the  great  paper  houses  are  glad  to  culti- 
vate its  trade  by  offering  special  inducements  to  business  in  the  shape  of  the  lowest  market  prices,  an  advantage  to  the  firm  which  finds  its 
natural  reflection  in  the  rate  of  charges  it  makes  to  its  customers  in  turn.  With  a  spacious  floor  32  by  100  feet,  it  is.  moreover,  enabled  to 
take  full  advantage  of  any  fluctuation  in  the  market  rate,  and  to  buy  forward  and  stock  leading  lines  whenever  prices  are  low.  The  enter- 
prising proprietor,  Mr.  John  Cassidy,  is  widely  and  most  favorably  known  among  commercial  men  in  tliis  city. 

PETERS  &  CALHOUN  CO.,  Saddlery  and  Harness,  No.  33  Warren  Street,— In  very  few  branches  of  manufacturing  has  the  march  of 
progress  wrought  sucli  a  veritable  revolution  in  the  United  States  during  the  past  qxiarter  of  a  century  or  so  as  the  saddlery  and 
kindred  lines.  Compared  with  the  clumsy  and  unsightly  harness  and  equestrian  outfits  in  use  in  this  country  a  generation  ago,  the 
superb  looking  and  excellent  productions  of  our  leading  modern  manufacturers  are  certainly  marvels  of  artistic  skill  and  things  of 
beauty.  And  while  on  this  subject  special  mention  ought  to  be  made  in  a  review  of  New  York's  representative  firms  of  the  Peter  & 
Calhoun  Co..  whose  office  and  salesrooms  are  eligibly  situated  at  No.  S3  Warren  Street  with  factory  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  whose  goods  are 
not  only  in  wide  and  growing  demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States  and  Mexico  but  are  exported  extensively  besides  to  Central 
and  South  America.  They  manufacture  fine  saddlery  and  harness  of  every  description,  and  turn  out  a  class  of  work  of  exceptional 
excellence,  their  productions  being  noted  for  beauty  of  design,  elegance  of  finish,  durability  and  general  features  of  merit.  The  nianufac- 
tnry  of  the  company  at  Newark  is  a  huge  structure,  equipped  with  steam-power  and  the  most  improved  machinery,  etc.,  and  from  three  hun- 
dred to  three  hundred  and  fifty  in  help  are  there  employed,  while  a  flourishing  branch  house  is  maintained  in  Boston,  in  addition.  The  prem. 
ises  occupied  at  No.  33  Warren  Street  comprise  three  spacious  floors,  and  are  well  ordered  and  excellently  arranged,  evei-y  department  being 
replete  with  handsome  and  serviceable  goods.  An  immense  assortment  is  here  displayed,  the  stock,  which  is  of  a  most  comprehensive  and 
attractive  character  including  carriage,  coach,  cart  and  wagon  harness,  in  every  size,  style,  and  variety:  riding  saddles,  bridles  and  equestrian 
outfits  generally,  side  saddles,  cart  saddles,  collars,  leather  specialities,  horse  boots,  whips,  blankets,  sheets,  robes  and  everything  comprehen- 
ded in  horse  goods  and  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  in  attendance,  with  half  a  dozen  representatives  on  the  road,  likewise.  The 
business  done  is  something  enormous  the  vast  resources  and  exceptional  advantages  enjoyed  by  the  company  enabling  them  to  offer  substantial 
inducements  to  the  trade,  while  every  article  sold  is  warranted  as  to  workmanship  and  material;  and  all  orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most 
prompt  and  trustworthy  manner.  The  Peters  &  Calhoun  Co.,  of  which  G.  Willis  Peters  is  president,  Jno.  L.  Dodge,  treasurer,  Clarence 
Peters,  secretary  and  assistant  treasurer,  and  George  Peters,  general  manager,  represents  the  consolidated  interests  of  the  old  firms  of 
Wooner.  Calhoun  &  Co.  of  this  city  and  George  Peters  of  Newark  (both  in  business  as  distinct  concerns  some  twenty-five  years),  was  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  New  Jersey  in  1874,  the  new  departure  proving  eminently  successful.  All  the  gentlemen  above  named  are  men  of 
energy  and  thorough  experience,  and  are  all  active  members  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Trade. 


184  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

TH.  M.  HASS.  Manufacturer  of  Fancy  Brass  Goods.  No.  176  Centre  Street.— A  fancy  brass  goods  manufacturing  house  that  has  ren- 
dered itself  practically  indispensable  to  a  large  number  of  light,  fancy,  cabinet  work  makers,  album  and  other  book  manufactui-ers, 
and  quite  a  number  of  distinct,  light,  industries,  is  that  known  from  1876  until  September  181W,  as  "  Bolz  &  Hass,"  but  which  passed 
under  the  sole  proprietary  management  of  Mr.  Th.  M.  Hass  on  the  latter  date.  Highly  ornamental  and  beautifully  finished  locks, 
hinges,  catches,  clasps  and  trimmings,  specially  suited  for  the  kinds  of  goods  named,  are  manufactured  by  the  firm,  and  it  carries 
in  stock  at  all  times  an  immense  variety  of  each  description  in  elegant  and  striking  designs,  many  of  which  are  of  its  own  creation.  The 
distinguisliing  feature  of  the  establishment,  moreover,  is  the  accommodating  spirit  shown  in  the  manufacture  of  goods  to  order,  dies  and  tools 
being  made  with  great  care  and  precision  for  any  newly  designed  articles  to  be  introduced,  of  which  any  considerable  number  are  required. 
The  trade  done  is  both  wholesale  and  i-etail;  and,  favored  by  the  progressive  management  and  talented  exponency  of  the  mechanical  branch 
referred  to,  the  enterprise  has  grown  to  large  proportions,  four  spacious  upper  tloors,  25  x  65  feet  in  expanse,  being  occupied  at  No.  176 
Centre  Street,  and  no  less  than  fifty  or  sixty  expert  mechanics  are  employed.  On  the  top  floor  are  nickel  plating  works,  the  labor  there  per- 
formed relating  solely  to  the  goods  of  this  house,  which  is  thereby  enabled  to  send  out  its  work  in  the  most  perfect  and  finished  shape.  Mr. 
Th.  M.  Hass,  to  whose  able  guidance  the  prosperity  of  the  house  has  always  been  largely  due,  and  who  is  still  further  developing  the  busi- 
ness, now  that  it  is  entirely  under  his  control,  is  a  gentleman  of  .German  birth,  in  the  full  prime  of  life,  and  one  who  has  become  widely 
known  and  highly  valued  in  this  city. 

VICTOR  BISHOP  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Diamonds.  Pearls,  Precious  Stones,  Platinum,  for  all  Manufacturing,  Electrical  and  Labora- 
tiiry  Purposes,  No.  Id  Maiden  Lane,  House  in  Paris,  No.  66  Boulevard  de  Sebastopol.— One  of  the  oldest  and  most  highly  responsible 
firms  engaged  in  the  importation  and  handling  of  precious  stones  and  metals  in  New  York,  is  that  of  Victor  Bishop  &  Co.,  at  No.  12 
Maiden  Lane.  The  liouse  was  founded  by  Mr.  Victor  Bishop  as  far  back  as  the  year  1H37,  and  was  conducted  by  that  gentleman 
xmtil  his  decease  in  1876,  when  the  firm  became  Victor  Bisliop  &  Co.,  Mr.  Richardson  becoming  the  active  partner  and  directing  the 
affairs  of  the  concern  on  behalf  of  the  various  intei-ests  involved.  The  house  imports  diamonds,  pearls  and  other  precious  stones;  platinum 
for  all  manufacturing,  electrical  and  laboratory  purposes,  in  the  form  of  beaten  sheet,  thin,  bar  wire  from  the  thickness  of  a  silken  thread, 
upwards,  spongy  platinum,  etc.  In  the  procuring  of  goods  of  this  kind  the  firm  has  distinct  advantages,  one  of  them  being  its  direct  con- 
tact with  Europe  and  Brazil  through  its  branch  establishments,  and  another  that  it  is  able  to  hold  a  very  large  and  valuable  stock,  thus 
being  able  to  supply  promptly  articles  of  comparatively  rare  use  that  many  other  houses  would  have  to  import  to  order.  The  premises  at 
No.  13  Maiden  Lane  have  a  center  for  this  particular  description  of  goods  which  is  in  effect  a  storehouse  for  users  throughout  the  country, 
and  one  from  which  business  of  immense  money  value  is  transacted.  They  also  make  a  specialty  of  carbons  (black  diamonds)  for  all  mechan- 
ical purposes,  and  are  headquarters  for  this  particular  line  of  goods,  which  they  import  direct  from  Brazil. 

CANFIELD  &  THOMPSON,  No.  42  Morse  Building,  Corner  Nassau  and  Beekman  Streets. —Among  the  many  enterprising  ani  progres- 
sive firms  of  tiie  city  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  none  deserve  more  conspicuous  notice  than  such  as  Messrs.  Canfield  and  Thomp- 
son, No.  140  Nassau  Street,  since  the  daily  labors  of  the  principals  relate  to  the  materialization — so  far  as  any  individual  firm  can 
contribute  to  it—of  the  dream  of  every  patriotic  American,  the  opening  up  and  developing  of  trade  between  this  country  and  South 
America,  thereby  creating  a  market  for  American  goods  in  all  those  branches  of  industry  where  the  supply  has  outrun  the  domestic 
ilemand,  and  turning  in  exchange  tiiose  products  of  the  South  American  countries  which  it  would  be  impossible  profitably  to  raise  here.  The 
firm,  which  would  usually  be  designated  manufacturers' agents,  might  correctly  be  described  as  merchants  handling  every  description  of 
merchandise  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  the  various  countries  referred  to,  having  important  agencies  in  many  of  the  principal  cities  on 
both  the  east  and  west  coast  of  South  America.  Mr.  Thompson,  who  has  taken  up  bis  permanent  residence  in  South  America,  has  an  office 
and  salesroom  in  Buenos  Ay  res,  while  Mr.  Canfield.  who  usually  resides  in  this  city,  attends  to  the  business  in  this  country.  The  firm, 
which  was  established  in  Potter  Building,  in  1889.  and  entered  its  present  quarters  in  May,  1890,  has  the  accredited  representation  of  many 
eminent  manufacturing  houses,  and  has  an  assured  and  enduring  command  of  trade  in  numy  different  lines;  the  outcome  of  talented  busi- 
ness methods,  assiduous  attention  to  every  available  oppoitunity,  and  a  well-earned  reputation  for  scrupulously  honorable  trading.  Of  the 
two  principals,  Mr.  Ira  Canfield  was  born  in  Oraugi»,  New  Jersey,  and  Mr.  John  F.  Thompson  in  Brooklyn.  Both  gentlemen  are  highly 
esteemed  in  mercantile  circles. 

REHM  &  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  Bunting  Flags,  Awnings  and  Tents,  Telephone  Call,  Cortlandt  70,  No. 
157  FuUon  Street.— It  is  a  record  of  fact  that  success  in  any  brancli  or  trade,  or  in  any  business  calling  is  due  not  so  much  to  the 
opportunity  offered,  as  to  the  ready  tact  and  energy  which  can  take  advantage  of  chances  when  presented.  One  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful firms  in  this  city  is  comprised  of  Carl  Rehm  and  Geo.  E.  Koch,  comprising  the  house  of  Rehm  &  Co.,  No.  157  Fulton  Street. 
They  are  manufacturers,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  bunting.  Hags,  tents  and  awnings,  having  two  years  ago  succeeded  to  the 
business  which  Edwin  R.  Bertine  established  twenty-two  years  ago.  Relim  and  Koch  had  been  with  this  house  shice  its  incipiency,  Mr. 
Rehm  having  come  from  his  native  place  in  Germany  twenty-three  years  ago;  while  Mr.  Koch,  who  is  a  young  man,  was  born  in  America. 
They  occupy  two  floors  at  the  top  of  the  building,  and  a  basement  for  their  office,  their  space  being  30  x  47  feet.  Their  business  each  year 
reaches  the  sum  of  from  $30,000  to  $40,000,  while  they  carry  $7,000  of  insurance  on  their  stock.  They  are  one  of  the  most  reliable  houses  in 
this  trade.  They  keep  constantly  on  hand  American  ensigns  of  all  sizes  and  make  bunting  flags  of  all  kinds  to  order  upon  short  notice. 
Separate  illustrated  catalogues  of  awnings  and  tents  or  bunting  and  silk  flags  will  be  furnished  upon  application.  These  gentlemen  gained 
their  knowledge  of  flag  making  under  the  tutorage  of  the  late  Mr.  Bertine.  who  was  one  of  the  best  flag  makers  in  this  city.  Their  stock  of 
goods  is  first-class  and  they  employ  at  least  fifteen  of  the  most  skilful  persons  in  this  line  of  business,  well  versed  in  the  performance  of  their 
various  duties  and  noted  for  their  honorable  business  transactions.  ]\Iessrs.  Rehm  and  Koch  have  worked  their  way  to  the  front  rank,  i\nd 
stand  to-day  among  the  most  reliable  flag  and  awning  makers  in  the  city. 

VOOD  &  PAYSON,  Wool  Bi'okers,  No.  64  Pine  Street.— Few  interests  of  th.e  metropolis  exert  so  strong  an  influence  in  its  commer- 
cial growth  and  progress  as  the  general  commission  trade,  in  which  will  be  found  profitably  employed  large  capital  and  many  of 
the  ablest  and  most  enterprising  city  business  men.  An  old.  time  honored  and  representative  house  to  be  mentioned  in  this  con- 
nection is  that  of  MessT-s,  VVood  &  Payson.  general  commission  merchants  and  wool  brokers  at  No.  64  Pine  Street.  This  well 
known  house  was  founded  as  far  back  as  1860,  and  from  its  inception  has  maintained  a  representative  position  in  the  city  trade. 
The  offices  at  the  above  address  are  spacious,  finely  fitted  up  and  thoroughly  supplied  with  all  the  modern  business  conveniences  and  facili- 
ties. The  firm  do  a  large  general  commission  business,  a  sppcialty  being  made  of  wool  importing,  and  no  house  in  the  trade  has  better  fa- 
cilities for  promptly  and  satisfactorily  filling  all  orders  for  this  great  staple.  Shipments  are  maile  direct  from  the  most  reputable  sources  of 
supply,  thus  saving  the  time  and  expense  of  a  dual  handling  and  the  extensive  and  valuable  trade  connection  of  the  house  enables  it  to 
promptly  as  well  as  profitably  disjiose  of  all  consignments  and  otherwise  promote  the  best  interests  of  its  patrons.  The  house  has  an  old 
established  and  eminently  desirable  clientele,  the  general  business  reaching  throughout  the  country  is  both  large  and  prosperous.  Mr. 
F.  Paysoii  is  now  sole  proprietor  of  the  business,  Mr.  Wood  having  retired  about  a  year  ago,  but  the  old  well  known  title  of  the  house  is  still 
preserved.  Mr.  Payson  was  born  in  Europe,  l^ut  is  a  native  American.  His  father  was  at  the  time  United  States  Consul  to  one  of  the  Medi- 
terranean ports  and  his  American  nativity  was  secured  by  being  "  born  under  the  Hag."  Mr.  Payson  has  long  been  a  popular  figure  in  city 
trade  circles  and  is  well  known  as  a  representative  New  Yorkcommissinu  merchant. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


185 


^i 


»HK  LAWTON  MANUFACTURING  C05IPANY,  (Incorporated)  Sole  Manutactiirers  and  Patentees  of  the  Champion  Catcher,  Etc.,  No. 
"■)  W.  Broadway.— As  an  inventive  people,  Americans  are  unajiproached  by  any  other  nation  in  the  world.  There  seems  to  be  no 
limit  to  inventive  talent,  as  the  records  of  the  Patent  Office  at  Washington  show,  and  new  ideas  in  a  materialized  form  are  daily 
being  presented  to  the  public.  In  this  connection  we  wish  to  call  attention  to  a  comiiany  in  this  city  engaged  in  the  manufacturing 
of  meritorious  patented  specialties.  We  refer  to  the  Lawtou  Jlanufaeturing  Company,  of  No.  7.5  W.  Broadway,  who  are  sole  manu- 
facturers and  patentees  of  the  Champion  Catcher,  roach  and  water  bug  trap.  This  trap  has  been  endorsed  and  adopted  by  the  government 
departments  at  Washington,  D.C.,  and  by  the  leading  steamship  companies,  bakeries,  hotels, 
restaurants,  confectioners  and  public  institutions  in  the  United  States.  With  it  no  poisonous 
compounds  aie  used,  and  it  can  be  used  with  perfect  safety.  It  will  rid  dwellings,  stores, 
etc.,  entirely  of  roaches  or  water  bugs,  and  it  is  admitted  to  be  the  best  and  cheapest  trap 
ever  put  upon  the  market.  The  trap  is  the  invention  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Lawton,  a  native  of  Con- 
necticut, but  for  twelve  years  a  resident  of  this  city.  In  October,  1890,  the  Lawton  Manu- 
facturing Company  was  incorporated,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $30,000,  and  the  following  offi- 
cers: president  and  manager.  C.  H.  Lawton;  secretary,  W.  S.  Hanford;  treasurer,  Wm,  W. 
McMurray.  The  latter  are  natives  and  residents  of  Brooklyn.  All  three  are  business  men 
of  push,  energy  and  enterpri.se,  and  are  popularly  known  in  the  comnnmity.  The  premises 
occupied  for  the  industry  are  of  ample  dimensions,  and  have  a  productive  capacity  of  fif- 
teen gross  of  Champion  catcher  traps  daily.  This  trap  was  awarded  the  medal  and  diploma 
at  the  American  Institute  Fair  in  1800.  Both  a  wholesale  and  retail  trade  is  carried  on,  and 
the  demand  supplied  is  gradually  ex-tending  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  In  addition  to  hand- 
ling the  Champion  trap,  the  comjjany  are  manufacturers  and  manufacturers'  agents  of  light 
metal  and  wood  patented  specialties  and  uoveliies.  A  heavy  stock  is  constantly  carried, 
while  all  orders  received  are  promptly  filled. 


Park  Aveni'e,  North  from  SiSTY-firSTH  Street. 


S.\LL.\DE  &  LOVELAND,  Druggists'  Sundries,  No.  109  John  Street.— In  the  manufacture  of  druggists'  sundries,  a  firm  highly  represent- 
ative of  the  many  of  its  kind  engaged  in  this  city,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Sallade  and  Loveland,  importers  and  manufacturers  of  druggists' 
sundries,  situated  at  No.  109  John  Street.  This  well-known  and  responsible  house  was  establisheil  in  1870  by  3Ir.  C.  H.  Sallade,  and 
after  ten  years  of  prosperous  and  successful  trading,  this  gentleman  admitted  into  pai-tnership  IVIr.  W.  F.  Loveland ;  the  firm  name 
being  then  changed  to  its  present  style.  This  firm  deals  exclusively  in  the  best  quality  of  imj>orted  and  domestic  manufactured  goods 
only,  and  their  trade  with  both  wholesalers  and  retailers,  is  now  very  extensive,  reaching  as  it  does  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  among  the  most  representative  dealers.  In  their  manufactures  of  Perfumed  Pearls.  Corrective  Tablets  and  various  of  Loveland's 
celebrated  preparations,  the  firm  are  renowned  for  their  specialties,  which  include  hair,  nail  and  tooth  brushes,  suspensory  bandages,  ther- 
mometers, nail  i)olishers,  rubber  goods,  combs,  puffs,  extracts,  mirrors,  whisk  brooms,  syringes,  cork  screws,  toilet  soaps  and  razor  strops 
as  well  as  many  other  articles  too  numerous  to  mention.  The  office  and  manufactory  at  the  location  indicated  comprise  two  floors,  each 
2.5  \  50  feet  in  dimensions,  fitted  with  every  convenience  for  facilitating  the  transaction  of  the  large  and  important  trade  carried  on.  Its 
carefully  selected  stock  of  the  various  goods  dealt  in  and  manufactured  is  always  carried  to  supply  the  daily  demand,  and  conspicuous  for 
their  variety  and  excellence  of  quality  are  the  numerous  articles  for  which  the  firm  are  manufacturers'  agents;  amongs  others  being  band- 
ages, ivory  toothpicks,  Irish  horn  barber  combs,  toilet  pumice  and  chamois,  Kensington  tooth  brushes,  etc.,  as  well  as  the  far-famed 
Imperial  perfumes  for  which  they  are  sole  agents.  Competent  assistants  are  steadily  emjiloyed.  and  the  credit  for  the  very  able  and  suc- 
cessful conduct  of  the  firm's  affairs  is  due  to  the  two  principals,  I\rr.  Sallade  and  Mv.  Loveland.  who  are  both  natives  of  this  city  and  are  gen- 
tlemen of  long  experience  in  this  line  and  now  of  middle  age.  The.y  are  continually  placing  new  and  attractive  goods  on  the  market,  among 
their  latest  and  their  world  renowned  Rose-Cardamon  Cachous.  a  confection  which  has  many  imitators  now.  They  also  manufacture  the 
Baby's  Pacifier,  wdiich  has  an  extensive  sale.  About  eighteen  months  ago  they  became  selling  agents  for  the  well-known  La  Imperial  Cigar 
Manufactory  of  Readin.g.  Pennsylvania,  and  they  have  been  very  successfid  with  their  new  branch;  they  also  include  in  their  cigar  line  their 
medicinal  K-Tar  cigar,  one  of  the  most  pleasant  and  agreeable  remedies  for  catarrh,  asthma,  cold  in  the  head  and  kindred  complaints. 
They  are  very  highly  spoken  of  by  those  who  have  used  them. 


186 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


r-w-OHN  J.  MANNING,  Practical  Paper  Maker  and  Inventor  of  Paper  Machinery  and  Appliances,  Etc.,  No.  132  Nassau  Street.— The  name 
^.^1  of  Manning  will  ever  be  honorably  identified  with  the  progress  and  improvement  made  in  the  erection  of  paper  mills  and  the  i^erfec- 
([2)  I  tion  of  paper  mill  machinery.  I\Ir.  John  J.  Manning,  of  No.  132  Nassau  Street,  lias  spent  his  whole  life  in  paper  mills,  and  has 
1  I  achieved  an  international  reputation  as  a  paper  mill  expert.  Mr.  Manning  came  by  his  inventive  ability  and  his  practical  knowledge 
as  a  paper  maker,  by  having  been  thoroughly  educated  in  the  science  and  art  of  making  all  grades  of  paper.  He  can  take  the  wood 
from  the  forest,  grasses,  straw,  and  jnte,  rope,  rags,  and  all  fabric  m,aterial  that  has  been  discovered  in  its  crude  state  and  manufacture 
paper  from  it  and  he  has  superintended  some  of  the  largest  mills  in  this  country.  He  is  widely  recognized  as  the  best  judge  of  the  build  and 
practical  working  value  of  all  machinery  in  this  line,  while  as  an  inventor  he  has  made  many  of  the  most  valuable  improvements  known  to 
the  industiy.  He  established  his  business  in  this  city  in  1S82,  while  be  has  executed  contracts  and  commissions  in  every  ijaper-making  coun- 
try of  the  world.  He  deals  extensively  in  new  and  second  hand  paper  mill  machinery,  ultramarines,  anilines,  and  all  grades  of  colors;  felting, 
jacketing,  wire  cloth,  belting  and  all  paper  makers'  supplies;  while  he  is  prepared  to  fill  all  orders  for  the  erection  or  equipment  of  paper 
mills  entire.  He  furnishes  complete  outfits  for  every  class  of  paper  mills,  makes  drawings,  submits  estimates  and  plans,  and  makes  the 
interest  of  every  customer  his  own.  He  has  made  over  one  hundred  improvements  in  paper  machinery,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
his  combination  winders  tor  winding  rolls  of  paper  of  any  widths  and  diameters  which  saves  time,  trouble  and  paper,  and  hundreds  of 
which  are  working  all  over  the  world.  He  has  also  invented  improvements  for  digesters,  which  are  used  for  cooking  wood  fibers  under  the 
bi-sulpbite  processes.  This  invention  consists  of  a  method  of  and  an  apparatus  for  ascertaining  the  proper  degree  of  temperature  for 
cooking  the  wood  at  a  given  time,  according  to  the  fiber  required  and  class  of  paper  it  is  to  be  used  for,  and  it  works  perfectly  automatically. 
He  has  also  invented  many  other  appliances  while  he  is  also  prominent  as  an  expert  in  colors  for  coloring  papers.  His  patronage  comes  from 
the  best  class  of  trade  all  through  the  United  States,  and  no  one  stands  higher  in  the  esteem  of  tlie  trade  or  is  better  prepared  to  meet 
promptly  and  successfully  every  emergency  incident  to  the  business.  His  methods  are  enterprising  and  progressive,  he  is  a  constant  inves- 
tigator in  this  field  of  skilled  industry,  and  the  splendid  achievments  already  elTected  by  him  indicate  that  he  will  continue  to  maintain  the  su- 
premacy in  his  special  field  of  labor.  Mr.  Manning  was  born  in  London,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1807.  He  is  still  in  the  active  prime  of 
life,  and  a  gentleman  of  broad  culture,  extended  observation  and  marked  inventive  genius,  who  well  merits  his  pronounced  and  flattering 
success. 


c 


ARY  MANUFACTURING  COIVIPANY,  Gary's  Patent  Universal  Box  Strapper,  Nos.  41  and  43  Centre  Street.— Among  firms  having  quanti- 
ties of  goods  to  ship  Gary's  Patent  Universal  Box  Strap  has  come  into  very  general  favor  and  especially  among  such  as  need  to 
consider  economy  of  time  in  using,  economy  of  first  cost,  and  effectiveness  in  the  due  securing  of  cases;  those  firms  esteeming  it  most 
highly  who  are  most  critical  and  exacting  in  their  demand  for  an  article  which  shall  meet  ail  the  requirements  of  merchant  and  manu- 
facturing houses  with  whom  cost  and  conven- 


ience is  a  primary  consideration.  Consequently  the 
Cary  Manufacturing  Company,  which  was  incorpor- 
ated two  years  ago,  and  has  premises  at  Nos.  41  and 
43  Centre  Street,  is  rapidly  acquiring  a  trade  of 
large  proportions.  The  patent  strap  is  put  up  in 
coils  which  can  be  quickly  cut  off  to  any  length  as 
desired,  and  by  that  means  alone  effects  a  saving 
of  from  ten  to  twenty  per  cent,  over  the  purchasing 
of  straps  in  pairs,  while  no  punching  is  required, 
it  being  possible  to  drive  nails  of  almost  any  kind 
through  the  band  at  any  point.  Moreover  raised 
beads  are  provided  on  the  strap  at  frequent  intervals 
which  serve  the  double  purpose  of  strengthening 
the  edge,  and  protecting  the  heads  of  the  nails, 
thus  obviate  the  danger  of  the  band  being 
wrenched  off  as  so  often  happens  with  those  of 
ordinary  descriptions.  In  the  manufacture  of  this 
specialty  the  company  is  alone,  its  exclusive  right 
to  produce  the  article  in  question  being  protected 
by  six  different  patents  relating  to  box  straps,  their 
joints  and  reels;  and  the  invention  secured  by 
patents  in  the  principal  foreign  countries.  The  able 
executive  officers  of  tlie  company  are  Mr.  S.  C. 
Cary,  president;  and  Mr.  H.  Whitmore,  treasurer; 
and  the  growing  business,  which  has  been  promoted, 
alike  by  the  intrinsic  merits  of  the  patented  specialty, 
and  by  their  alert  business  aptitude,  gives  brisk  employment  to  a  staff  of  competent  workmen 
ner  in  which  this  metal  strap  is  put  up  in  coils  ready  for  use. 


We  illustrate  here  with  cut  showing  man- 


B RADFORD  RHODES  &  CO.,  Bankers'  Publications.  No.  78  William  Street —Essentially  and  highly  valuable  to  the  industrial  and 
mercantile  enterprises  for  which  they  are  specially  designed,  and,  indirectly,  to  the  entire  comniimity,  are  the  various  really  repre- 
sentative trade  joui-nals;  and,  having  reference  to  mercantile  institutions  whose  transactions  are  at  the  root  of  all  others,  the  bank- 
ers' publications  of  Messrs.  Bradford  Rhodes  &  Co.,  may  be  classed  among  the  most  vitally  important  (tf  all  such  periodical  pub- 
lications; and  the  more  so,  since  they  are  practically  the  text-books  of  the  banking  world ,  have  larger  circulations  than  any  other 
such  publications  in 'the  country,  and  find  their  way  regiilarly  into  the  hctnds  of  all  the  principal  bankers  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 
The  publications  in  question  are:  "Rhodes  Journal  of  Banking,"  a  practical  bankers'  magazine;  "The  Bankers' Directory  and  Collection 
Guide,"  indexed  by  States;  and  "  The  Bankers'  Reference  Book,"  which  gives  the  ratings  of  banks,  private  bankers,  collecting  agents,  and 
brokers,  etc..  for  confidential  use.  The  firm  has  its  own  printing  plant,  but  the  larger  part  of  tlie  press-work  is  done  by  contract,  and,  for  the 
conduct  of  the  office  and  editorial  branches  of  its  business,  occupies  a  whole  fioor  at  No.  78  Wilham  Street,  the  principal  being  thei'e  assisted 
by  ten  tranied  and  experienced  employees.  Mr.  Bradford  Rhodes,  the  head  of  the  firm,  was  for  three  terms.  1888-1889-1890.  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  New  York,  and  made  an  excellent  record.  He  served  with  distinction  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  banks  and  banking. 
Mr.  Rhodes  was  bom  in  Beaver  Co..  Pennsylvania,  in  1849.  He  came  to  New  York  in  1872,  with  less  tlien  ten  dollars  in  his  pocket,  and  has 
practically  won  his  way,  not  only  in  public  life,  but  in  business  also.    His  country  home  is  at  JIamaroneck,  Westchester  county. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


187 


Bai»§@K 


Limited. 


78  JOHN    STREET, 


ONE  of  those  great  commercial  institutions  which  are  contributing  so  largely  to  tlie  mercantile  supremacy  of  the  metropolis  is  that  con- 
ducted by  the  Edward  Barr  Company,  Limited,  at  No.  78  John  Street.  This  company  are  among  the  largest  dealers  in  this  country  in 
wrought  and  cast  iron  pipe,  boiler  tubes  and  railway  equipment,  and  machinists',  mining,  factory  and  steamship  supplies.  The 
business  was  founded  in  1875,  by  Mr.  Edward  Barr,  and  in  18SJ  the  present  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of 
New  York,  with  a  capital  of  $30,000.  The  business  premises  comprise  three  floors,  25  x  105  feet  each,  all  of  which  splendid  floor  space 
is  utilized  in  the  disposal  of  the  immense  and  varied  stock  that  is  constantly  carried.  The  stock  includes  cast  iron  gas  and  water  mains,  cast 
iron  flanged  pipe  flanges,  faced  and  drilled  and  fitted  with  bolts,  nuts  and  gaskets,  stay-bolt  tubes  with  threads  and  locknuts,  sand  pipes, 
blasting  tubes,  locomotive  dry  pipes,  water  grates,  drill  rods,  pipe  coils,  core  barrels,  sucker  rods,  pump  plungers,  tubular  pier  piles, 
hose  poles  for  rubber  hose  manufacturers;  vah-es,  fittings  and  gauges  for  anhydrous  and  aqua  ammonia,  adapted  to  ammonia  machines 
for  ice  making  and  refrigerating  purposes;  radiator  valves  and  cocks,  improved  steam  glue  heaters,  Jenkins'  patent  valves,  Hancock's 
inspirators  for  stationary  boilers,  standard  staple  brackets,  brass  gas  fixture  fittings,  patent  improved  suction  and  force  pumps,  hydraulic 
rams,  compression  brass  work,  plumber's  brass  work,  the  Davis  patent  automatic  air  valves.  Acme  sewer  gas  and  back  water  valves,  closets 
and  cisterns,  Ideal  stoneware  laundry  tubs,  Nason's  improved  vertical  tube  radiators,  Armstrong's  adjustable  stock  and  pipe  dies.  Eclipse 
pipe  cutting  machines,  special  pipe  tongs  and  wrenches,  patent  combination  wrenches,  sewer  gas  and  back  water  traps.  Parker's  patent  parallel 
swivel  vises,  improved  telescope  screw  jacks,  machine  and  car  bolts,  oak  tanned  leather  belting,  rubber  belting,  oil  cups,  pulley  blocks,  auto- 
matic sprinklers,  anvils,  hammers,  shovels,  scoops,  files  and  rasps,  blowers  and  forges,  lubricating  oils,  iron  and  steel  wire  cloth,  etc.,  etc. 
These  supplies  are  the  best  manufactured  and  commend  their  own  superior  merits  to  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  critical  and  discrimi- 
nating buyers,  while  the  connections  of  the  house  enable  them  to  quote  the  lowest  possible  prices.  Theyldeal  in  first-class  material  only,  and 
will  promptly  replace  any  article  not  found  as  represented.  The  business  of  the  company  is  broadly  distributed  throughout  the  entire  United 
States  and  a  large  and  influential  export  trade  is  also  enjoyed  with  South  America,  Europe,  Japan  and  Canada.  The  liberal  and  honorable 
policy  of  dealing  which  characterizes  this  house  is  widely  appreciated,  and  none  has  achieved  a  finer  or  more  enduring  line  of  trade.  The 
president  and  founder  of  the  house,  Mr.  Edward  Barr  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  New  York  Metal  Exchange  and  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce a  gentleman  of  vast  practical  experience  in  the  commercial  world,  and  is  a  Pennsylvanian  by  birth,  a  resident  of  New  York  since  1867, 
and  served  with  credit  in  the  war  for  the  Union  in  the  First  Pennsylvania  Reserves.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  is  a  fellow  of  the  Ameri- 
can Geographical  Society,  a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  Science,  Philadelphia,  and  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society, 
a  trustee  of  the  Mutual  Fire  Ins\irance  Company  and  a  director  of  the  Fire  Association  of  New  York  and  one  of  the  early  members  of  the 
Hamilton  Club,  Brooklyn,  and  honored  and  esteemed  alike  in  business  and  social  circles. 

•JTTf  ARITIME  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Patentees  and  Sole  Manufacturers  of  Eureka  Oil  Distributing  Bag  and  Portable 
/Vl  Oil  Distributing  Tank,  No.  7  Coenties  Slip.— This  company  enjoy  a  national  reputation  as  patentees  and  sole  manufacturers 
/  I  of  the  Eureka  Oil  Distributing  Bag  and  Portable  Oil  Distributing  Tank,  for  steamships,  sailing  vessels  and  life  boats.  The  busi- 
-*-  -*■  ness  was  established  here  on  December  15, 1890,  and  is  under  the  personal  management  of  Mr.  Albert  Simpson,  secretary  of  the 
company.  The  great  benefits  derived  from  the  use  of  oil  in  stormy  weather  for  the  purpose  of  calming  the  sea  or  breaking  the 
force  of  the  waves,  has  long  been  a  subject  of  world-wide  interest.  Innumerable  experiences  are  recorded  of  vessels,  cargoes  and  lives  hav- 
ing  been  saved  from  the  destructive  force  of  waves  by  the  pouring  of  oil  on  the  troubled  waters.  The  only  two  perfected  inventions  which 
meet  this  gi-eat  requirement,  with  a  saving  of  seventy-five  per  cent,  in  oil,  and  which  cannot  get  out  of  order,  are  the  Eureka  Oil  Distributing 
Bag  and  Portable  Oil  Distributing  Tank.  This  is  the  most  desirable  and  reliable  oil  distributing  bag  ever  manufactured,  and  the  most  effec- 
tual, as  it  gives  the  oil  a  greater  spread  on  the  surface  of  the  sea,  and  can  be  regulated  to  the  use  of  any  grade  of  oil,  light  or  heavy,  in  cold 
weather,  being  made  of  the  best  No.  1  Woodbury  cotton  duck,  coated  outside  with  an  oil-proof  preparation  making  the  bag  oil-proof  with  a 
saving  of  seventy-five  per  cent,  in  oil.  The  top  is  provided  with  an  oil  cap  to  allow  filling  the  bag  with  oil  and  screw  rings  to  secure  the  bag 
in  position.  The  canvas  is  secured  to  hard-wood  ends.  The  bottom  is  provided  with  an  attachment  to  regulate  the  flow  of  oil  as  required, 
and  sufficiently  heavy  to  prevent  the  return  of  the  bag  by  the  waves  to  the  deck  if  left  floating  on  the  water  properly  secured,  and  is  always 
ready  for  use  on  ships  or  small  boats.  Each  bag  has  a  capacity  of  two  gallons  and  when  the  distributor  is  turned  one  quarter  on  it  requires 
eight  hours  for  the  oil  to  drip  out;  turned  one  halt  on  it  requires  four  hours  to  drip  out,  and  turned  on  full  the  oil  will  drip  out  in  two  hours  if 
not  congealed.  The  distributor  can  be  adjusted  to  suit  the  condition  of  the  oil,  or  to  regulate  the  dripping  as  occasion  may  require  either  for 
more  or  less  oil.  The  Distributing  Tank  can  be  attached  to  any  part  of  a  sliip  where  required  and  is  designed  specially  for  use  in  ships' 
closets  forward.  For  use  in  their  Oil  Distributors  this  company  furnishes  the  "  X.  P.  Hurricane  Oil,"  which  is  manufactured  expressly  for 
this  purpose.  Not  being  affected  by  the  coldest  temperature  it  commends  its  use  to  all  mariners  for  calming  the  sea.  Orders  are  also 
promptly  filled  for  life  preservers,  life  belts,  life  boats,  life  jackets,  lite  buoys,  sea  anchors  and  side  ladders  for  ships.  The  Oil  Distributors 
of  this  company  are  in  use  on  the  leading  ships,  steamships,  brigs,  barques,  pilot  boats  and  schooners  along  the  .\tlantic  coast.  Mr.  Simpson, 
the  secretary,  is  a  native  New  Yorker  and  a  young  man  of  large  practical  experience  in  this  line. 


188  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

FH.  KLUCKEN,  Engraver  and  Lithographer,  No.  96  Fulton  Street.— Among  the  members  of  the  Lithographers'  and  Artists'  Society 
of  New  York,  who  are  recognized  by  the  profession  as  especially  skilled  in  their  calhng,  is  F.  H.  Klucken,  who  has  elegant,  well 
liglited  and  commodious  quarters  at  No.  96  Fulton  Street.  Born  in  Gei'many,  Mr.  Klueken  wisely  determined  to  find  a  better 
•  field  for  the  remunerative  exercise  of  his  skill  and  genius,  and  after  spending  some  time  in  Italy  and  France  came  to  America 
and  established  himself  in  business  iu  New  York  in  1865,  afterward  he  engaged  in  business  for  a  lime  in  Boston,  then  Buffalo,  finally 
returning  to  New  York  in  1878,  where  his  talents  have  gained  him  a  large  and  influential  patronage,  and  has  since  done  a  large,  and 
nourishing  trade.  Specimens  of  Mr.  Kluckeu's  workmanship  show  him  to  be  an  engraver  of  the  most  versatile  gifts  and  accom- 
plished attainments.  He  seems  equally  successful  in  every  branch  of  the  business,  from  the  daintiest  to  the  largest  and  most  elaborate 
plates.  His  trade  extends  throughout  the  country  and  includes  banks,  manufacturing  establishments,  railroads,  steamboat  lines  and  the 
many  secret  societies  as  well  as  public  officials  who  have  need  of  the  first-class  work  which  he  produces.  His  fine  color  work  cannot  be 
surpassed  and  shows  the  same  superiority  as  his  efforts  in  other  details  of  his  trade.  He  is  a  worthy  F.  and  A.  M.  and  a  thoroughly  relia- 
ble business  man. 

-r^         L.  WILD,  Fret  Work,  No.  63  Fulton  Street.— One  of  the  attractions  of  the  great  busy  metropolis  is  the  establishment  of  Mr.  H.  L. 
y\       Wild,  the  well-known  dealer  in  Mechanical  Fret  Work  Designs,  Scroll  Saw  Machines,  Saws,  Tools,  Woods,  Patterns,  Clock  Move- 
rrl       ments,  Musical  Works,  Chimes,  etc.    This  house  has  been  in  successful  operation  since  1880.     Mr.  Wild's  latest  pattern  is  the  Great 
^  •   Engine  Clock,  which  is  a  marvel  of  beauty  and  artistic  workmanship.    It  runs  like  a  regular  engine,  is  easy  to  make,  and  works 
like  a  charm.    The  clock  will  play  every  half  hour,  and  then  all  the  machinery  will  be  in  motion  as  long  as  the  music  plays.     These 
movements  are  a  new  invention  and  can  also  be  used  in  the  locomotive  and  the  windmill  clock.    His  ''Grand  Clock"  is  a  master-piece, 
intended  to  contain  musical  works.    The  twelve  apostles  will  appear  at  the  center  door  every  time  the  clock  strikes;  they  will  remain  or 
pass  by  the  door  as  long  as  the  music  plays.     Here  are  also  beautiful  and  original  designs  of  steamboats,  the  Eiffe  Tower,  windmill  machin- 
ery, mechanical  marine  engine,  mechanical  locomotive  clock,  mechanical  fire  engine,  mechanical  windmill  clock,  horizontal  engine,  cuckoo 
clocks,  ladies'  toilet  set  with  bracket,  handkerchief  box,  upi-ight  piano  cigar  stand,  toy  furniture,  etc.    The  fancy  woods  dealt  in  includes 
black  walnut,   white  holly,   mahogany,   birds-eye  maple,    rosewood,  amaranth,  satin  wood,  tulip,  red    cedar,  cherry,  ebony,  etc.      The 
clock  movements  furnished  by  Mr.   Wild  are  of  the  best  make,  and  warranted  good  time-keepei"s.    The  collection  of  scroll  saw  designs 
ornamental  and  mechanical  patterns,  here  displayed  far  surpasses  anything  of  the  kind  ever  before  shown  in  this  city.    A  branch  is  oper- 
ated at  No.  Ill  E.  Third  Street.    The  catalogues  issued  by  this  house  are  of  great  interest  and  value  to  intending  purchasers.     Mr.  Wild  is 
a  native  of  Germany,  a  resident  of  this  country  for  thirty  years,  still  in  the  prime  of  life,  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  highly  esteemed  in 
this  community  for  his  inventive  genius,  artistic  taste  and  great  practical  skill. 

SM.  LEONARD,  Representing  The  H.  M.  Loud  &  Sons  Lumber  Company.  No.  39  Dey  Street.— This  gentleman  estabhshed  himself 
here  as  a  commission  merchant  in  1880  with  an  office  at  No.  39  Dey  Street,  and  represents  the  H.  M.  Loud  &  Sons  Lumber  Company 
of  Michigan  and  several  large  California  companies.  He  also  represents  several  California  fruit  companies  and  has  established  a 
•  very  extensive  wholesale  fruit  business.  The  H.  M.  Loud  &  Sons  Lumber  Company  are  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  special 
bill  timber,  cedar,  shingles,  pump  tubing  and  telegraph  arms  and  manufacture  over  40,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  etc.  per  year.  They 
cut  the  lumber  from  their  own  forests,  which  are  among  the  largest  and  finest  in  Michigan,  and  through  their  Eastern  agent,  Mr.  Leonard, 
supply  almost  all  the  telegraph  and  telephone  and  electric  crmpanies  in  the  east  with  poles,  etc.  Mr.  Leonard  is  also  sole  agent  for  the 
Barnard  &  Benedict  Fruit  Crystallizing  Company,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  and  has  represented  this  well  known  concern  here  for  the  past  six 
years.  Mr.  Leonard  being  sole  agent  for  the  Eastern  States,  transacts  a  large  amount  for  this  house  which  is  the  only  one  in  this  line  on  the 
Pacific  Coast,  their  headquarters  being  situated  at  Los  Angeles.  Cal..  in  the  midst  of  the  finest  fruit  bearing  territory.  He  has  already 
proved  himself  as  possessing  all  the  qualifications  of  the  oldest  and  best-known  men  engaged  in  the  trade.  He  receives  his  lumber  in  large 
lots  direct  from  Michigan  and  has  established  a  large  and  growing  trade  throughout  the  Eastern  States.  He  has  already  won  an  enviable 
reputation  owing  to  the  uniform  good  quality  and  superior  excellence  of  the  goods  he  handles.  In  the  fruit  business  his  reputation  is 
equally  as  good.  No  merchant  in  this  line  has  a  fairer  name  for  enterprise  and  ability.  Mr.  Leonard  is  highly  regarded  in  trade  circles 
and  has  won  success  and  popularity  by  honest,  legitimate  business  methods. 

THE  FIDELITY  WATCH  CASE  CO..  Corbin  Building,  No.  II  John  Street— One  of  the  most  successful  and  flourishing  enterprises  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  watch  cases  in  New  York  is  that  of  The  Fidelity  Watch  Case  Company,  located  at  No.  11  John  Street.  This 
important  undertaking  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  in  1888,  and  the  officers  who  are  solely  respon- 
sible for  its  very  able  and  essentially  successful  direction  in  every  detail  are  Mr.  Chai-les  Schwitter,  president,  and  Mr.  A.  G,  Funck, 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Watch  cases  in  solid  gold  oidy,  of  various  sizes  are  manufactured  from  fii'st  to  last ;  and  are  finished  in 
any  style  ;  either  i>!ain,  embossed,  engine  turned,  or  engraved  to  special  design  ;  the  most  elaborate  ornamentation  being  undertaken  to 
order,  and  executed  in  the  finest  manner.  Although  of  such  comparative  recent  standing,  the  company  now  finds  it  necessary,  in  order  to 
meet  the  growing  demand  whieli  exists  for  their  manufactures  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  to  maintain  a  factory  at  Nos.  38.  30  and  33 
Cumberland  Street,  Brooklyn,  the  extent  and  general  equipment  of  which  may  be  efficiently  estimated  by  the  fact  that  an  average  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  skilled  workers  find  regular  employment  there.  The  office  in  this  city  is  handsomely  fitted  and  furnished  with  every  con- 
venience for  the  most  expeditious  transaction  of  the  large  and  flourtsliing  trade  carried  on  ;  two  fine  safes  being  provided  for  the  proper 
keeping  of  the  elegant  assortment  of  watch  cases  of  their  manufacture  always  kept  on  hand  ;  and  two  duly  qualified  assistants  regularly 
employed.  The  worthy  president,  Mr.  Schwitter,  is  of  Swiss  birth,  and  has  resided  in  New  York  for  many  years  ;  while  Mr.  Funck  is  a 
native  of  this  city,  and  enjoys  with  Mr.  Schwitter  a  wide  popularity  and  high  esteem. 

BENJAMIN  SCH WARZ  &  SONS,  Hop  Merchants,  No.  45  Pearl  Street.— One  of  the  principal  houses  engaged  in  this  trade  is  that  of  Benja- 
min Schwarz  &  Sons,  whose  leading  European  house  is  at  Auscha,  Bohemia,  witli  branches  at  London,  England,  and  Saaz, 
Bohemia  and  their  New  York  house  at  No.  4.i  Pearl  Street.  The  inception  of  this  house  dates  back  to  1840.  wlien  it  was  founded  in 
Boliemia.  and  the  bi-anch  in  this  city  was  opened  in  1887.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Moritz.  Carl  and  Max  Schwarz,  all  reside  in 
Europe,  and  their  New  York  house  is  conducted  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Eniil  Schwarz.  a  cousin  of  the  above.  He  is  a  native 
of  Wisconsin,  has  resided  here  since  1887.  and  is  popularly  known  in  the  hop  trade.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Hop  Exchange,  the  New 
York  Brewers  and  Maltsters  Association.  He  annually  handles  3,000  bales  of  hops,  while  in  Bohemia  the  firm  yearly  dispose  of  13,000  bales. 
The  firm  possesses  extensive  hop  gardens  in  Bohemia,  where  they  produce  some  four  hundred  bales  of  hops  every  year,  and  for  the  superi- 
ority of  their  goods  they  received  a  prize  medal  at  the  World's  Exposition  in  Vienna.  1873,  and  a  gold  medal  at  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 
The  resources  of  the  house  are  of  the  most  complete  character  and  enable  it  to  meet  all  the  demands  of  the  trade  upon  the  most  favorable 
terms. 


HISTOKY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


189 


yNITED  STATES  NET  AND  TWaNE  COMPANY,  W.  H.  Wallace.  Treasurer  and  G.-neral  Manager,  No.  319  Fulton  Street.-The  manu- 
facture of  seines,  flsh  nettings,  seine  twines,  cordage  in  general,  flsUiag  tackle,  rods,  reels,  etc.,  in  fact  all  fishery  supplies  are  ably 
represented  by  the  United  States  Net  and  Twine  Company,  who  are  the  largest  house  of  this  kind  in  America.    They  ai-e  not  only 
manufacturers  of  the  goods,  but  are  also  importers  of  gut  and  Japanese  and  Calcutta  bamboos,  and  are  sole  agents  in  the  United 
States  for  Samuel  Allcock  &  Co.'s  celebrated  stag  brand  of  flsh  hooks.    Their  storehouse  is  No.  219  Fulton  Street,  and  their  factories 
are  located  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  and  Greenpoint  aiui  Brooklyn,  N.  Y,    The  company  is  incorporated  under  the  laws 
of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  employ  from  three  to  four  hundred  hands.    They  carry  heavy  stocks  of  goods  on  hand  and  are  always  to  be 
■^>.^  depended  upon  for  the  prompt  filling  of  orders.    Their  goods  are  the  best  in  the  market,  and  their  famous 

Lawrence  Line  Company  lines  as  well  as  their  Pawtucket  Line  Company  braids  are  the  standard  in  the  trade. 
The  quality  of  their  goods  are  always  to  be  depended  upon,  and  in  times  like  these  when  there  are  so  many 
counterfeits  on  the  market  the  trade  in  general  experience  comfort  in  buying  from  so  reliable  a  house. 


RKS  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Print,  Book  and  Hanging  Papers, 
No.  133  Nassau  Street.— .\  house  that  has  been  established  for  up- 
wards of  fifty -Ave  years  must  necessarily  engage  and  attract  more 
attention  than  common,  in  a  review  of  the  industry  and  commerce 
of  any  community.  Such  an  establishment  is  that  of  Messrs. 
Orrs  &  Co.,  the  well-known  manufacturers  of  print,  book  and  hanging 
papers  at  Troy,  New  York,  whose  New  York  Office  is  located  at  No.  133 
Nassau  Street.  This  firm  also  owned  and  operated  paper  mills  at  Ben- 
nington, Vermont,  North  Hoosic,  New  York,  Pittstown,  New  Y'ork.  and  also  at  Little  Falls,  New  York.  Afterwards  these  mills  were  disposed 
of  at  different  times,  and  the  paper  manufacturing  -was  concentrated  at  Troy,  New  York,  where  the  present  plant  is,  the  Troy  mills  being  run 
by  water-power  created  by  the  state  dam  (having  one  thousand  horse-power  with  ten  water  wheels),  it  being  the  first  dam  on  the  Hudson 
River,  north  of  New  Y'ork  City.  The  business  was  established  at  Troy  in  1^35  by  Messrs.  A.  and  W.  Orr,  as  printers  of  paper  hangings.  Mr. 
William  Orr  of  the  firm  claims  to  be  the  inventor  of  the  first  machinery  ever  used  for  printing  paper  by  cylinders  on  which  the  designs  were 
engraved.  His  machinery  printed  a  thousand  rolls  per  day,  each  nine  yards  long,  in  three  colors,  and  took  the  place  of  thirty  men.  He  was 
also  the  first  paper-maker  in  the  United  States  to  manufacture  merchantable  printing  paper  with  wood  fiber  in  it,  and  he  is  still  at  the  head  of 
this  old  and  honored  house,  residing  in  Troy  at  the  advanceil  age  of  eighty-three.  In  1847.  Mr.  Wm.O.  Cunningham  was  admitted  to  partnership 
under  the  firm  name  of  A.  and  W.  Orr  &  Co.  In  1866,  Mr.  Alexander  51.  Orr,  ason  of  David  Orr  was  admitted  to  partnership,  followed  in  I8T0 
by  the  admission  of  Mr.  Frederick  W.  Orr,  another  son,  and  in  18S),  Mr.  S.  .\lexander  Orr,  a  son  of  William  Orr  also  became  a  partner,  form- 
ing the  firm  as  at  present  constituted.  It  has  been  been  known  under  the  present  name  since  1870.  The  firm  gave  up  the  printing  of  wall 
paper  nearly  thirty  years  ago,  and  have  since  devoted  their  time  and  talents  to  the  manufacture  of  print,  book  and  hanging  papers,  the  latter 
being  their  specialty.  Their  paper  mills,  known  as  the  Troy  and  Mount  Vernon  paper  mills,  are  vei-y  spacious  in  size,  having  a  frontage  of 
360  feet  and  a  depth  of  150  feet,  three  and  five  stories  high,  built  of  brick  in  the  most  substantia!  manner,  and  are  equipped  with  the  latest 
improved  machinery,  apparatus  and  appliances  known  to  the  trade,  while  a  force  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  hands  is  constantly  employed  and 
the  daily  productive  capacity  is  twenty  to  twenty-two  tons.  A  leading  specialty  is  made  of  roll  papers.  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Orr  is  the  resi- 
dent partner  in  this  city,  in  which  capacity  he  has  served  for  the  past  twenty  years  with  great  acceptance  to  a  wide-spread  and  permanent 
patronage  centered  at  this  point. 


190  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  CORNUCOPIA  COMPANY,  Nos.  63  and  64  Front  Street.— Among  the  many  cereal  preparations  that  have  appeared  in  tlie  market 
in  recent  years— and  tlie  number  has  been  legion— there  is  none  that  ever  approached  in  value  and  genuine  merit  that  known  under 
the  name  of  "  Cornucopia,"  and  manufactured  by  the  Cornucopia  Company,  of  Nos.  CJ  and  64  Front  Street.  "  Cornucopia  "  has  been 
before  the  public  but  a  short  time,  but  its  inherent  good  qualities  have  quickly  brought  it  into  favor,  not  only  all  throughout  the 
United  States,  but  in  all  parts  of  the  civilized  globe,  large  exportations  being  made  to  South  America,  West  Indies,  Europe,  South 
Africa  and  elsewhere.  The  Cornucopia  Company  began  operations  in  August,  1890,  with  ample  capital,  and  able,  progressive  business  men 
of  experience  at  its  head.  They  now  have  180  agents  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  demand  tor  their  product  is  rapidly  extending, 
giving  full  assurance  of  permanent  success.  Cornucopia  is  a  pure,  wholesome,  nutritious  cereal,  for  use  at  breakfast,  dinner  and  siipper. 
It  furnishes  the  necessary  phosphates  and  sulphur,  which  are  so  notably  lacking  in  white  bread,  proving  this  universal  cereal  to  be  the  sus- 
tainerot  the  animal  economy,  as  well  as  the  resolvent  of  its  constituent  parts  of  mineral  ingredients.  Cornucopia  has  absorbed  from 
mother  earth  all  that  nature  furnishes  to  each  healthy  frame,  that  which  takes  away  all  sense  of  friction  at  every  joint;  that  supplies  to  all 
the  sockets  the  slippery  fluids  for  the  ease  and  comfort  of  the  delicate  and  complete  machinery.  Among  the  scores  of  articles  tliat  may  be 
prepared  from  ■'  Cornucopia,"  are  the  following:  mush,  gruel,  gems,  pastry,  wafers,  omelets,  waffles,  porridge,  muffins,  crumpets,  fritters, 
puddings,  corn  cake,  pancakes,  pound  cake,  cheese  cake,  honey  cake,  griddle  cakes,  mock  oysters,  foam  biscuits,  cocoanut  snaps,  breakfast 
dish,  chocolate  cake  and  cornhill  cakes.  The  headquarters  of  the  industry  are  comprised  in  two  five-story  buildings,  25  x  100  feet  each  in 
dimensions,  and  it  is  equipped  in  a  suitable  manner  throughout.  Strictly  speaking.  Cornucopia  is  not  a  mere  cereal,  but  the  process  by 
which  it  is  prepared  is  entirely  original,  and  the  finished  product  possesses  qualities  belonging  to  few  or  none  of  the  many  farinaceous  spe- 
cialties on  the  market.    A  very  heavy  stock  is  carried,  and  all  the  demands  of  the  trade  are  met  in  a  prompt  and  satisfactory  manner. 

BERNARD  SMYTH,  Real  Estate,  No.  59  Liberty  Street.— This  gentleman  is  one  of  New  York's  oldest  and  leading,  as  well  as  most 
successful  auctioneers  and  real  estate  brokers,  and  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  been  a  prominent  figure  in  the 
sphere  of  activity  above  indicated.  Mr.  Smyth  was  born  and  brought  up  in  this  city,  and  is  a  man  of  the  highest  personal  integrity. 
He  was  one  of  the  promoters  and  organizers  of  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  and  Auction  Room,  of  which  he  is  an  influential  stock- 
holder; was  a  useful  member  and  also  the  efficient  president  of  the  Board  of  Education  for  several  years,  and  filled  the  ofBce  of 
receiver  of  taxes  with  eminent  satisfaction  for  years.  Mr.  Smyth,  who  is  a  director  of  the  Broadway  Fire  Insurance  Company,  has  been 
extensively  engaged  in  the  handling  of  realty  since  1865,  and  during  the  entire  period  since  intervening  has  been  steadily  winning  his  way  to 
favor  and  recognition.  He  has  acquired  a  most  substantial  and  influential  business  connection,  and  numbers  in  his  clientele  many  of  the 
largest  property  owners  and  wealthiest  corporations  in  and  around  New  York,  effecting  at  one  time  the  sale  of  $65,000,000  worth  of  property 
in  the  interest  of  the  Erie  Railway  Company.  Mr.  Smyth  occupies  commodious,  well-appointed  quarters  as  office  at  Room  No.  4,  Real 
Estate  Exchange,  and  is  assisted  by  an  efficient  clerical  staff.  He  conducts  a  general  auctioneer  and  real  estate  brokerage  business,  buying, 
selling  and  exchanging,  on  commissioo,  all  classes  of  city  and  suburban  property,  and  makes  a  leading  specialty  of  appraisments,  being 
an  acknowledged  authority  on  the  present  and  prospective  values  of  metropolitan  realty.  Money  to  any  amount  is  loaned,  also,  on  bond 
and  mortgage,  and  investments  are  desirably  placed,  and  all  interests  entrusted  to  this  gentleman  are  certain  to  be  handled  in  the  most  judi- 
cious and  trustworthy  manner. 

THE  CLASP  ENVELOPE  COMPANY,  William  Keohane,  Manager,  Nos.  39  and  41  West  Broadway.— The  vast  quantities  of  samples  of 
merchandise,  books,  valuables,  etc.,  mailed  in  our  great  cities  daily  imparts  to  the  envelope  in  which  the  same  are  enclosed  a  pecu- 
liar importance  as  it  is  needless  to  mention.  And  it  may  be  observed  here  too,  in  this  connection  that  very  marked  improvement  has 
been  effected  in  the  useful  and  indispensable  device  indicated.  What  with  invention,  new  and  improved  appliances  and  sustained 
effort,  the  productions  of  some  of  our  manufacturers  in  this  line  are  certainly  a  triumph  of  skill  and  ingenuity  in  which  connection 
special  mention  should  be  made  of  the  Clasp  Envelope  Company,  of  Nos.  39  and  41  W.  Broadway,  who  turn  out  an  article  of  exceptional 
merit.  They  manufacture  a  class  of  patent  envelopes  of  a  distinctly  superior  character,  conceded  to  be  in  all  respects,  the  very  best  device 
for  mailing  (at  reduced  rates  of  postage)  samples,  sample  cards  and  small  parcels  of  dry  goods,  etc. ;  also  samples  of  coffee,  rice,  beans, 
seeds  and  grain.  They  are  endorsed  by  Thos.  L.  James,  ex-postmaster  New  Y'ork  City  and  ex-postmaster  general  and  now  president  of  the 
Lincoln  National  Bank,  and  also  Cornelius  Van  Cott,  postmaster  New  Y'ork  City,  and  are  in  wide-spread  use  by  leading  business  houses 
throughout  the  country,  all  over  the  world  in  fact.  The  paper  used  in  these  envelopes  is  manufactured  expressly  for  the  concern,  while  the 
clasp  is  made  of  the  best  quality  of  sheet  brass,  and  will  not  become  loose,  pull  out  or  break.  They  are  hand-made  besides  and  pasted  (not 
gummed)  and  will  not  burst  open  when  subjected  to  pressure  in  transit.  These  envelopes  are  manufactured  under  letters  patent,  issued 
December  9,  1879,  and  all  bear  the  name  and  date  of  patent.  They  are  put  up  250  in  a  box,  but  are  sold  in  any  quantity  to  suit  customers. 
The  quarters  occupied  as  office,  salesroom  and  manufactory  are  spacious,  commodious  and  thoroughly  equipped,  and  some  twenty-five 
expert  hands  are  employed  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  William  Keohane,  the  efficient  manager  of  the  concern.  The  manufacturing  capac- 
ity is  about  twenty  thousand  envelopes  a  day,  and  a  large  and  varied  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock,  all  orders  receiving  imme- 
diate attention,  while  special  sizes  and  extra  quality  of  paper,  also  box  envelopes  are  turned  out  to  order  at  short  notice,  catalogue  enve- 
lopes being  a  specialty.  Estimates  are  cheerfully  furnished,  also  samples,  price  lists,  etc.,  and  all  correspondence  of  a  business  nature 
receives  prompt  response.  The  Clasp  Envelope  Company  was  established  in  1879  and  from  its  inception  the  enterprise  has  been  a  positive 
and  permanent  success. 

rj-B-LBANY  LUBRICATING  COMPOUND  ,S  CUP  COMP.iNY,  Adam  Cook,  Proprietor,  Office  and  Manufactory.  No.  313  West  Street.— 
11      The  position  of  almost  unique  eminence,  if  not  of  absolute  supremacy  attained  by  the  Albany    Lubricating  Compound  and  Cup 
11      Company,  may  be  justly  attributed  to  the  always  foremost  part  taken  in  the  guidance  of  its  now  sole  proprietor,  Mr.  Adam  Cook, 
/   ■*■    who  has  been  identified  with  its  interests  from  the  date  of  its  inception  at  Albany,  in  1868.    At  that  time  he  was  a  partner  of  the 
firm  then  known  as  Gerdom  Cook  &  Co.,  and  became   senior  partner  in  1870  when  the  business  was  removed  to  New  York.    Mr. 
Cook,  who  had  not  only  done  very  much  to  make  the  lubricants  of  the  house  such  as  to  command  an  extensive  trade  throughout  the  country, 
but  had  invented  the  improvements  in  lubricating  cups  which  are  the  patented  specialties  of  the  house,  and  have  won  it  such  high  fame, 
became  its  sole  proprietor  and  manager.    These  cups  are  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  every  kind  of  machinery,  such  as  crank  pins  for 
beam  and  propeller  engines,  for  locomotives,  for  shafting  of  all  kinds,  for  main  journals,  for  eccentrics  and  machinery  connected  with  every 
kind  of  industry.    Tlie  lubricants  of  the  firm's  own  manufacture  are  "  Albany  "  Lubricating  Compound,  "  Albany  "  Compound  Cylinder  Oil 
and  ■'  Albany  "  Machine,  Signal,  and  Lubricating  Oils.    Beyond  these  it  deals  in  other  varieties  of  the  same  goods,  and  supplies  railway, 
steamship,  and  engineers'  requisites  at  bottom  figures.    On  removing  to  New  York,  in  1870,  jiremises  were  occupied  at  North  Moore  Street ; 
but  the  very  rapid  and  continued  development  of  the  business  necessitated  more  commodious  quarters,  and  the  present  spacious  building  of 
four  stories,  with  a  floorage  on  each  22  by  130  feet  in  extent,  was  taken  in  1880,  and  an  efficient  staff  is  ever  busily  employed  in  keeping  pace 
with  the  demands  upon  its  resources  from  all  over  .the  country.    Mr.  Cook,  who  was  born  at  Wachenheim,  Germany,  1836,  came  to  this 
country  when  a  boy  six  years  old,  since  which  time  he  has  always  lived  in  New  York  State.    He  is  a  gentleman  sixty-four  years  of  age,  highly 
respected  in  the  business  world,  and  prominent  among  members  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.    He  joined  that  order  in  1863,  and  to  the  distinc- 
tion which  belongs  to  a  Thu-ty  two  degree  Mason,  adds  that  of  having  organized,  and  been  the  first  master  of  Guttenberg  lodge  at  Albany. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  191 

HORACE  S.  ELY,  Real  Estate,  No.  04  Cedar  Street.— The  real  estate  broker  in  the  Empire  City  has  opened  before  him  an  ample  field 
for  enterprise  and  usefulness,  and  many  of  our  most  prominent  citizens  are  engaged  in  this  important  branch  of  industiy,  among 
whom  we  must  mention  the  name  of  I\Ir.  Horace  S.  Ely,  who  has  so  forcibly  demonstrated  his  capacity  to  rank  as  leader  among  the 
handlers  of  New  York's  realty.  The  time-honored  house  of  which  he  is  to-day  the  respected  head  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  its  type  in 
the  metropolis,  dating  its  existence  back  as  it  does  to  the  year  INB,  when  it  was  founded  by  the  late  Abner  L.  Ely.  From  l&Vi  to  the 
date  of  Sir.  Abner  L.  Elys  death  in  1871,  the  gentleman  whose  name  forms  the  caption  of  this  brief  sketch  was  associated  with  the  enter- 
prise, assuming  the  sole  control  of  its  affairs  on  the  demise  of  its  worthy  founder,  and  since  developing  its  connections  to  an  extent  commen- 
surate with  tlie  colossal  growth  of  New  Y'ork's  real  estate  interests  in  the  past  twenty  years.  Mr.  Ely's  offices  are  respectively  located  at 
No.  54  Cedar  Street,  and  No.  103  W.  Sixty-eighth  Street,  where  he  has  every  facility  and  convenience  for  the  prompt  despatch  of  business. 
By  reason  of  his  long,  practical  experience,  it  naturally  geis  without  the  saying  that  Mr.  Ely  is  thoroughly  familiar  with  present  and  pros- 
pective values  of  real  property,  both  in  and  around  this  progressive  city,  and  he  always  has  upon  his  books  many  desirable  bargains,  includ- 
ing business,  residential  and  manufacturing  sites  for  sale  and  exchange,  and  his  specialty,  in  which  he  has  become  singularly  successful,  is 
the  care  and  management  of  estates.  He  likewise  negotiates  loans  on  bond  and  mortgage,  and  in  such  capacity  invariably  proves  himself 
of  the  utmost  service  to  both  borrower  and  lender,  securing  to  the  one  ample  funds  with  which  to  extend  his  business,  and  to  the  other  a 
profitable  and  perfectly  safe  investment.  The  properties  in  which  he  deals  are  absolutely  perfect  as  regards  their  title,  and  no  estates  are 
handled  except  those  which  give  ample  promise  of  unequivocal  security.  Mr.  Ely  is  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Real  Estate  Exchange.  He  will  be  found  a  gentleman  in  every  sense  worthy  of  the  trust  reposed  in  him,  careful,  accurate,  and  thor- 
oughly honorable,  his  great  aim  having  ever  been  the  welfare  and  benefit  of  his  immerous  clients. 

THE  BRITISH  AND  UNITED  STATES  AGENCY,  LIMITED,  Aldrich  Court.  No.  45  Broadway  ;  London  office.  No.  90  Cannon  Street, 
E.  C— The  British  and  United  States  Agency,  Limited,  whose  office  is  located  in  Aldrich  Court,  No.  45  Broadway,  fills  a  niche  in  the 
financial  activity  of  the  metropolis  peculiarly  its  own.  It  was  established  here  in  July,  1890,  being  organized  in  London  a  few 
months  before,  and  is  the  only  agency  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  This  office  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Edward  Wakefield,  one  of 
the  directors,  and  has  for  its  purpose,  effecting  the  investment  of  British  capital  in  America,  Canada  and  Mexico  ;  promoting 
American  enterprises  in  England,  and  conducting  all  descriptions  of  financial  agency  business  between  the  two  countries.  The  directory 
includes  gentlemen  having  an  exceptional  knowledge  of  Anglo-American  affairs,  and  connected  with  important  financial  institutions  in 
London.  Arrangements  have  been  made  by  which  the  managing  director  at  New  Y'ork  has  the  advantage  of  the  best  legal  and  commercial 
advice  and  assistance  to  be  obtained  in  this  country.  Persons  or  corporations  employing  this  agency,  therefore,  can  depend  on  their 
interests  being  looked  after  with  the  strictest  rectitude,  and  with  every  reasonable  assurance  of  successful  results.  The  agency  has  already 
been  found  to  be  a  highly  serviceable  medium,  both  in  England  and  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  for  the  promotion  of  industrial  and  other 
legitimate  American  enterprises,  requiring  outside  capital  and  an  extended  field.  Through  its  London  office  this  agency  is  prepared  to  act 
as  auditor  or  trustee  for  American  funds  already  invested  in  Great  Britain  or  on  the  Continent  of  Europe.  It  is  also  in  a  favorable  position 
to  investigate  and  report  upon  any  schemes  in  Europe  that  are  olTered  to  American  capital.  Englishmen  in  .America  requiring  information 
or  assistance  regarding  investments  are  invited  to  apply  at  this  office,  where  the}^  will  meet  with  every  attention,  and  be  placed  in  direct 
communication  with  their  friends  or  connections  at  home  through  the  London  office.  The  directoi's  of  this  agency  are  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
Edward  Thornton,  P.  C,  G.  C.  B.  ;  Sir  Edward  Stafford,  G.  C.  M.  G.  ;  The  Lord  George  Campbell,  Robert  Ewing,  Esq.,  and  Edward  Wake- 
field, Esq.  Its  bankers  are  Barclay.  Bevan,  Ransom  &  Co.,  No.  54  Lombard  Street.  E.  C. ;  solicitors,  Renshaws,  No.  :i  Suffolk  Lane,  E.  C.  ; 
attorneys,  Evarts,  Choate  &  Beamau,  No.  o2  Wall  Street,  New  York.  Under  such  auspices  the  agency  is  bound  to  extend  its  field  of  useful- 
ness day  by  day,  and  become  an  important  factor  in  the  financial  world  on  both  sides  the  Atlantic. 

EM0NTHE5I0NT.  Machinist.  Machinery  for  Gas  Fixture  and  Chandelier  Makers.  Nos.  130-ieO  Walker  Street.— .\  firmly  rooted  and 
notable  machinist  business  is  that  of  .Mi-.  E.  Monthemont,  of  Nos.  ViO  and  126  Walker  Street,  w-hich  was  established  by  its  present 
eminently  practical,  expert,  and  painstaking  principal  twelve  years  ago,  and  has  enjoyed  uniform,  increasing  and  well-earned  pros- 
•  perity.  The  firm  is  prepared  to  undertake  the  construction  of  machinery  of  every  possible  description,  and  much  of  a  very  diversified 
description,  and  designed  especially  for  almost  ail  branches  of  industry,  have  left  its  works,  but  the  classes  of  machinery  which  have 
most  engaged  its  attention,  and  for  which  it  has  become  most  highly  famed,  are  those  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  gas  fixture  and  chan- 
delier makers,  and  all  kinds  of  brass  working  machinery,  shafting,  pulleys,  hangers,  etc.  For  the  manufacture  of  such  machinery  and  ap- 
pliances, its  premises  are  admirably  adapted,  while  every  modern  machine  that  can  contribute  to  the  turning  out  of  high  class  work  at 
consistently  moderate  figures  is  provided,  and  the  works  are  manned  by  a  force  of  expert  mechanics.  Influenced  by  these  features  and  the 
unremitting  care  bestowed  by  the  principal  in  supplj'ing  goods  precisely  to  specification,  a  brisk  and  extensive  trade  is  done,  both  locally 
and  throughout  the  countr.v.  Mr.  Monthemont  is  a  gentleman  of  French  birth,  but  has  resided  in  this  country  for  forty  years,  and  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  New  York's  most  prominent  machinists.  The  manager.  Mr.  E.  O.  Grabo  has  had  fourteen  years  experience  in  this  line,  ten 
of  which  have  been  spent  with  this  house.  He  is  an  expert  mechanical  engineer  and  a  graduate  of  Cooper  Institute.  He  is  a  native  of  Mass- 
achusetts and  has  I'esided  in  New  Y'ork  since  1865  and  is  esteemed  for  his  mechanical  genius  and  enterprise 

GUSTA'V  KNAUTH.  Manufacturer  and  Importer  of  Pocket  and  Table  Knives,  Razors  and  Scissors,  Nos.  71  Nassau  and  31  John 
Streets.— Exponents  of  the  manufactiu-ing  cutlery  trade,  if  they  are  to  keep  in  the  front  ranks  of  so  progressive  a  calling,  must  be 
very  thorough  and  versatile  mechanics.  One  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  city  in  this  line  of  business  and  oi  e  i  ~=sing  the 
qualifications  referred  to  in  a  high  degree  is  that  of  Mr.  Gustav  Knauth,  w-hose  store  is  at  No.  71  Nassau  Street.  Mr.  ,„._.  ..th  is  a 
native  of  Saxony  and  after  leaving  his  business  in  his  native  country  came  to  the  United  States  eighteen  years  ago  with  no  capital 
except  an  expert  and  thorough  knowledge  of  his  business.  He  established  himself  here  in  1875  and  has  built  up  a  trade  and  reputation  for 
manufacturing  goods  of  superior  excellence  and  thorough  reliability,  of  which  he  may  feel  proud.  He  occupies  a  store  85  x  25  feet,  which  is 
fitted  up  with  every  facility  for  the  transaction  of  business.  The  factory  is  located  at  No.  28  Morton  Street,  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  where  all 
kinds  of  pocket  and  table  knives,  scissors  and  shears,  razors,  etc.,  are  manufactured  in  every  variety.  Mr.  Knauth  makes  a  specialty  of  the 
manufacture  and  inipoitation  of  pocket  and  table  knives.  His  knives  and  scissors  are  warranted  equal  to  any  made  in  the  United  States  or 
Canada,  being  made  from  the  best  cast  steel  and  are  free  from  flaws.  Table  and  dessert  knives  and  forks  are  made  with  pearl,  ivory,  horn, 
bone  and  rubber  handles,  and  razors  are  full  concaved,  hollow  ground  and  plain.  At  the  salesrooms  all  kinds  of  scissors  and  shears  from 
the  finest  to  the  cheapest  grades  are  on  hand,  including  straight  and  bent  trimmers,  ladies'  scissors,  pocket  and  nail,  buttonhole  and 
embroidery  scissors  and  scissor  cases,  also  an  unrivaled  selection  of  pen  and  pocket  knives,  including  five  hundred  different  patterns  of 
elaborate  or  plain.  Razors,  scissors  and  knives  are  also  repaired  and  ground  on  short  notice  for  the  wholesale  and  retail  trade  m  the  most 
satisfactory  manner.  A  large  slock  is  constantly  carried  which  is  mostly  of  Mr.  Knauth's  own  maiuifacture.  Mr.  Knauth  was  awarded 
the  Gold  Medal  at  the  Vienna  Exposition  of  1874,  both  by  virtue  of  the  superior  workmanship  for  which  he  is  noted,  and  tor  the  .strictly 
honorable  conduct  by  which  his  dealings  have  been  marked. 


192 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


'-r  M.  CUTLER,  Manufacturer  of  the  Bannister  Rocking  Grate,  No.  113  Elm  Street.— For  stationary,  marine  and  house  boilers,  and 
^^  I  especially  for  the  two  former,  the  "  Bannister  Rocking  Grate  "  is  esteemed  all  the  world  over,  it  having  not  one  but  a  number  of 
V^  I  advantages  over  various  other  shaking  and  rocking  bars,  which  are  conceded  to  give  it  a  pronounced  superiority,  and  which  have  m 
II  •  tact  caused  the  patented  specialty  of  the  firm  to  come  into  general  use  among  the  largest  and  most  critical  manufaclurers  who 
are  attracted  by  the  great  durability,  strength  and  simplicity  of  the  grates,  the  large  amount  of  air  space  they  afford,  with  the 
result  of  completing  combustion  and  rendering  boilers  more  highly  effective,  their  prevention  of  the  waste  of  fuel;  their  successful  burning 
of  all  kinds  and  grades  of  coal,  their  exclusion  of  cold  air  from  contact  with  the  boilers,  their  convenience  in  use  and  other  advantages. 
Mr.  Cutler  received  the  highest  award  from  the  Mechanics  Institute  in  New  York  in  1889  and  has  always  been  awarded  the  first  premium 
medals  at  all  the  e.Khibitions  in  which  he  took  part.  He  has  important  branches  at  Boston,  Massachusetts,  Chicago,  Illinois  and  Charlotte, 
North  Carolina,  as  well  as  at  No.  11.3  Elm  Street  this  city.  Ot  the  latter  he  has  the  control,  being  vested  with  the  rights  of  sole  manufac- 
turer for  the  Middle  States,  and  influencing  an  enormous  amount  of  business,  he  has,  during  the  five  years  that  the  business  has  been  in  his 
hands,  brought  the  merits  of  the  grate  very  widely  into  notice,  and  succeeded  in  introducing  it  very  rapidly,  a  stock  usually  aggregating 
about  three  thousand  feet  of  grate  being  kept  on  hand  at  the  premises  on  Elm  Street  to  facilitate  speedy  filling  ot  orders.  Mr.  Cutler,  who  has 
become  widely  known  and  highly  esteemed  among  maimtacturers,  is  a  gentleman  ot  middle  age  and  a  native  ot  New  Hampshire,  is  a  prac- 
tical mechanic  of  forty-five  years  experience  which  has  culminated  in  many  useful  inventions  by  him  including  among  the  most  prominent 
the  Bannister  rocking  grate,  wdiich  is  highly  recounuended  by  many  leading  houses  where  they  are  in  use,  among  which  we  insert  the  follow- 
ing: New  York  Life  Insurance  Company,  corner  ot  Broadway  and  Leonard  Street;  Metropohtan  Life  Insurance  Company,  corner  ot  Park 
Place  and  Church  Street;  Young  Woman's  Christian  Association,  No.  7  E.  Fifteenth  Street ;  Hotel  Hanover,  No.  2  E.  Fifteenth  Street; 
Baker,  Smith  at  Co.,  corner  of  S.  Fifth  Avenue  and  Houston  Street;  Appleby  Estate,  corner  of  Fifty-eighth  Street  and  Seventh  Avenue ;  Hotel 
Bristol,  corner  Forty-second  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue;  W.  S.  Borchess,  No.  .341  W.  Fifty-sixth  Street;  M.  Kohern,  No.  176  Worth  Street; 
George  Schlegal,  No.  KM  Centre  Street;  Metropolitan  Art  Museum,  Central  Park;  Park  Avenue  Hotel,  corner  ot  Park  Avenue  and  Thirty- 
third  Street;  Union  Club  House,  corner  ot  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-first  Street;  Bible  House,  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Ninth  Street; 
Vanderbilt  Building,  corner  of  Nassau  and  Beekman  Streets;  W.  S.  Borchess,  No.  353  W.  Fifty-seventh  Street,  Kenmore  Flats;  Robert 
Deeley  &  Co.,  Foot  ot  W.  Thirty-second  Street;  Manhattan  Electric  Light  Company,  Foot  ot  E.  Eightieth  Street;  E.  T.  Weymouth,  No.  ;< 
Howard  Street;  II.  H.  Westernhouse  Steam  Yacht,  Floss;  Westernhouse,  Church,  Kerr  &  Co.,  No.  Id  Coj-tlandt  Street;  C.  P.  Hawkins'  Sons. 
No.  345  W.  Forty-first  Street;    New  York  Institution  tor  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  WM  Street  and  Eleventh  .\ venue;  Nornjal  College,  Sixty-ninth 

Street  and  Lexington  Avenue;  Win-  _        . 

— '" --       '  '      ■  llllilllBlllillllliUBI 


dimere  Apartment  House,  corner  of 
Fifty -seventh  Street  and  Ninth  Ave- 
nue, New  York;  Robert  Porterfield, 
corner  of  Bedford  and  Fulton  Ave- 
nue; R.  W.  Brewster  &  Son,  No.  526 
Kent  Avenue;  Church  Charity  Foun- 
dation Company,  Atlantic  and  Al- 
bany Avenues;  Schloss  &  Sons, 
Troutman  Street;  Joseph  Yates,  No. 
359  Flatbush  Avenue;  A.  Schwarz- 
man,  corner  ot  St.  Marks  and  Nos- 
trand  Avenues;  Sisters  of  St.  Domi- 
nick,  corner  of  Graham  and  Mon- 
trose Avenues;  D.  -\ppleton  &  Co.. 
corner  of  Hewes  Street  and  Kent 
Avenue  and  St.  John's  Church.  Xo. 
250  S.  Twenty-first  Street,  Brooklyn; 
New  Pavilion,  Randall's  Island,  East 
River;  Wm.  Wright,  Newburg,  N. 
Y.;  Queens  County  Water  Com- 
pany. Far  Rockaway,  L.  I.;  Peter  S. 
Hoe,  Tarrytowu,  N.  Y. ;  Asbury  Park 
Electric  Light  and  Power  Company, 
Asbury    Park,    N.    J.;     Monmouth  ""^ 

Trust  Company,  Asbury  Paik.  N. 
J.;  John  P.  Nessle.  No.  23  Freling- 
hysen  Avenue,  Newark,  N.  J.    Metropolitan  Hotel.  New  York 


Boston.  New  York.  Brooklyn  and  Chicago  Schools. 


SWATERBURY  ,.'!:  SON,  Manufacturers  of  Infants',  Children's  and  Misses'  Fine  Shoes,  Hand  and  Machine  sewed.  No.  37  Warren 
Street.— Like  all  the  other  great  manufacturing  lines,  the  tendency  towards  specialization  and  subdivision  has  been  steady  and 
marked  in  the  shoe  industry  in  this  country  during  the  pa.st  quarter  of  a  century  or  more.  And  this  is  in  the  nature  of  progress,  the 
•  result  attained  thereby  being  maximum  ot  production  at  mininuuu  of  cost,  while  the  improvement  effected  in  the  goods  turned  out 
is  an  equally  notable  feature.  Thus  we  find  a  number  of  big  firms  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  juvenile  footwear  exclusively,  here 
in  New  York,  prominent  among  the  others  being  that  of  S.  Waterbury  &  Son,  whose  factory  and  salesrooms  are  located  at  No.  .37  Warren 
Street,  with  branch  offices  also  in  Chicago  and  San  Francisco.  They  are  manufacturers  of  infants',  children's  and  mis.ses'  fine  shoes,  and 
have  a  very  extensive  tj'ade,  selling  direct  to  retailers  throughout  the  United  States.  Their  goods  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  stand- 
ard, being  surpassed  in  no  feature  of  merit  by  any  production  of  the  kind  on  the  market,  and  have  secured  an  enduring  hold  on  popular 
tavor  everywhere.  This  widely  and  favorably  known  firm  was  established  in  1860,  and  tor  about  ten  years  carried  on  the  business  in  Wil- 
liamsburg, moving  to  the  present  location  in  1873.  They  occupy  here  four  spacious  floors,  with  ample  and  excellent  facilities  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  both  hand  and  machine  sewed  goods,  and  employ  over  one  hundred  expert  hands,  besides  several  clerks  and  salesmen.  The 
productions  include  infants',  children's  and  misses'  flue  shoes  in  all  sizes,  widths,  shapes,  styles,  and  varieties,  and  a  large  stock  is  con- 
stantly kept  on  hand  to  meet  the  requirements  of  an  extensive  and  growing  demand.  All  orders  receive  immediate  attention,  and  bottom 
prices  are  quoted,  substantial  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade.  Mr.  Waterbury,  the  elder,  who  is  now  a  gentleman  ot  about  eighty- 
three,  but  remarkably  well  preserved  and  still  active  in  his  business  affairs,  was  born  in  Connecticut,  coming  to  New  York  in  1851,  andZ.  C. 
Waterbury.  his  son  and  partner  is  a  man  of  flf  ty-four  and  a  native  ot  this  city.  The  Messrs.  Waterbury  are  both  prominent  members  of  the 
Shoe  Manufacturers'  Association,  while  Mr.  Waterbury  the  younger,  who  has  a  creditable  war  record,  is  a  well  known  G.  A.  R.  man,  having 
served  at  the  front  for  three  years  h  ith  the  Fourteenth  Brooklyn  Regiment  during  the  late  "  unpleasantness." 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  193 

GEO.  S.  STRONG,  Inventor  and  Mechanical  Engineer,  No.  45  Broadway.— One  of  the  best  known  inventors  and  mechanical  engineers 
in  the  metropolis  is  Mr.  Geo.  S.  Strong,  who  occupies  eligible  office  quarters  at  No.  45  Broadway.  This  gentleman  has  had  a  prac- 
tical experience  as  a  mechanical  engineer  covering  a  period  of  fifteen  years,  and  established  himself  in  his  profession  here  in  1885. 
He  is  especially  prominent  in  the  industrial  world  as  the  inventor  of  Strong's  Compound  Automatic  Engine,  and  of  a  patent  motor  for 
use  on  electric  street  railways.  He  also  furni^slies  internally  fired  vertical  tubular  boilers,  internally  fired  horizontal  tubular  boilers, 
and  regenerative  boiler  settings  for  burning  waste  products;  also  automatic  stokers  for  burning  low  grade  .bituminous  coals  without 
smoke  ;  water  purifying  plants  for  steam  boilers  and  water  stations  for  railroads,  towns  and  cities  ;  while  he  ,is  making  a  leading  specialty 
of  steam  plants  for  electric  lighting.  He  has  achieved  an  enviable  reputation  in  this  line,  and  has  developed  a  wide-spread  and  influential 
connection.  He  brings  to  bear  eveiy  possible  qualification  and  is  justly  celebrated  as  a  mechanical  engineer  of  the  highest  attainments  and 
soundest  judgment.  All  kinds  of  draughting  are  executed  in  the  promptest  manner,  and  in  the  laying  out  of  plants  for  electric  lighting, 
for  steam  boilers,  and  stations  for  railroads,  cities  and  towns,  Mr.  Strong  is  qualified  to  do  the  work  thoroughly  and  accurately  and  at 
moderate  rates.  One  of  the  greatest  inventions  of  Mr.  Strong  is  the  Strong  Locomotive.  This  locomotive  is  the  result  of  a  preconceived 
determination  on  the  part  of  its  designer  and  inventor  to  design  a  machine  suited  to  the  requirements  of  the  modern  railway  traffic,  both 
for  freight  and  passenger,  which  should  embody  the  best  modern  practice  in  steam  engineering,  independent  of  the  practice  of  locomotive 
builders,  as  a  class,  and  which  should  be  suited  to  the  existing  tracks  and  bridges,  while  it  should  have  a  very  greatly  increased  capacity 
over  the  ordinary  locomoti\^.  This  determination  was  made  in  1881,  or  nine  years  ago;  and,  as  a  preliminary  step  in  this  direction,  and  to 
familiarize  himself  with  the  best  engineering  practice  of  Europe,  he  spent  a  number  of  months,  in  the  summer  of  1881,  in  England  and  on  the 
continent.  This  investigation  led  to  the  beUef  Uiat  the  corrugated  furnace,  which  at  that  time  was  being  so  largely  introduced  into  the  marine 
service  of  Europe,  and  which  1ms  since  become  almost  universal  in  marine  practice,  was  destined  to  work  a  revolution,  not  only  in  niaiine 
engineering,  but  also  in  every  department  of  steam  engineering,  that  of  the  locomotive  included.  The  reasons  for  this  are  fully  set  forth 
and  have  been  fully  justified  in  his  experience  with  this  type  of  furnace,  inasmuch  as  it  is  found  to  have  the  following  qualities,  which  make 
it  very  desirable  for  the  trying  service  of  a  locomotive,  viz.  ;  The  absence  of  all  stays,  braces  and  crown  bars,  which  are  a  source  of  great 
annoyance  in  the  ordinary  locomotive  boiler,  especially  where  bad  water  is  to  be  used  ;  the  corrugated  furnace,  being  self  sustaining,  as  it 
is,  leaves  the  surface  free  to  contract  and  expand  without  injury  to  the  fire  box  or  the  outer  shell  ;  and  there  being  no  stay-bolt  holes  there 
is  no  starting  point  for  cracks,  which  on  the  ordinary  tire  box  are  a  source  of  great  expense  and  consequent  annoyance,  as  the  stay-bolt 
holes  every  few  inches  apart  form  starting  points  for  cracks,  especially  where  the  holes  are  punched  out  and  not  enough  metal  cut  out  by 
reaming  to  take  out  tlifi  small  cracks  or  strains  caused  by  punching,  which  cracks  are  expanded  by  the  harmiering  that  is  necessary  to 
head  the  stay-bolts  after  it  is  screwed  in.  For  further  information  Mr.  Strong  has  a  catalogue  enumeratinji,  ail  the  points  of  superiority 
embodied  in  his  unrivaled  locomt^ive  which  he  will  send  on  application.  Those  interested  will  find  it  most  advantageous  to  comnmnicate 
with  him,  and  those  interested  in  giving  orders  will  secure  the  greatest  satisfaction  in  the  thoroughly  good  manner  in  which  all  work  will  be 
accomplished.  Mr.  Strong  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers,  and 
honored  and  esteemed  in  both  social,  professional  and  business  life. 

-ry  UDEKE  &  COMPANY,  Importers  of  Precious  Stones  and  Manufacturers  of  Rich  Jewelry,  No.  23  John  Street.— Eminently  representa- 
I  (5)  *''^^  ^^  ^■''^  "^^'^  progressive  and  enterpri-sing  manufacturers  of  rich  jewelry  in  New  York  is  the  house  of  Ludeke  &  Company,  it 
I  V  being  one  that  produces  jewelry  of  the  highest  order  of  merit  under  conditions  which  permit  it  to  compete  with  its  rivals  with  a 
"* — *  balance  of  advantages  in  its  favor.  These  it  secures  by  importing  its  precious  stones  direct  and  thus  saving  a  middle  profit,  by  con- 
ducting at  its  factory  a  large  number  of  the  operations  connected  with  the  trade  often  done  outside  by  contract,  in  the  case  of 
lesser  firms,  and  by  the  creation  on  the  premises  of  many  of  the  most  beautiful  designs  it  offers.  The  business  had  its  inception  in  the  year 
18ti5,  and  its  development  to  its  present  high  rank  among  tlie  first  in  the  city  has  been  a  process  of  steady  and  persistent  growth,  unmarked 
by  a  single  faux  pas,  or  any  deviation  from  its  rigid  rule  of  combining  high-class  workmanship  with  high-minded  business  dealings.  Its 
premises,  located  at  No.  2^^  John  Street,  are  20  x  100  feet,  providing  handsome  office  and  commodious  factory.  The  former  is  luxuriously 
furnished  and  carries  a  very  heavy  stock  of  rich  jewelry,  its  large  safe  being  the  repository  of  some  of  the  most  unique  and  chaste  gems  and 
jewels  to  be  found  on  the  market.  Its  factory,  where  no  less  than  thirty  skilled  and  highly-trained  artisans  are  employed,  is  equipped  in  the 
most  complete  manner,  and  the  operations  there  conducted  are  supervised  with  a  zealous  regard  to  the  high  prestige  of  the  house,  nothing 
being  permitted  to  pass  inspection  which  is  not  in  the  highest  degree  creditable.  The  business  has  now  reached  great  dimensions,  both  in 
point  of  money  value  and  in  the  extent  of  its  connections  which  spread  out  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  proprietor  is  Mr.  E. 
Ludeke,  a  gentleman  whose  length  of  .'experience  is  not  less  notable  than  its  range.  He  was  born  in  Germany  and  has  resided  in  the  United 
States  for  thirty  years,  of  which  twenty-five  have  been  devoted  to  his  prosperous  business. 

NEW  YORK  CHURCH  STATUARY  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Joseph  A.  Stoll,  Manager,  No.  GO  Barclay  Street.— From  com- 
paratively insignificant  proportions  the  branch  of  art  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  Catholic  statues  and  images  has  grown  to  be 
an  extensive  and  highly  important  industry  in  this  country  within  a  quarter  of  a  century  or  so.  And  it  may  be  observed  here,  also 
that  very  marked  improvement  has  been  eflfected  in  the  productions.  Engaged  in  the  line  indicated,  there  are  in  this  city  some 
concerns  turning  out  a  class  of  work  of  unequivocal  merit,  notably  that  of  the  New  York  Church  Statuary  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, Joseph  A.  Stoll.  manager.  No.  60  Barclay  Street,  and  than  which  none  in  the  business  sustain  a  higher  reputation  for  artistic  skill  or 
}ionorable  dealing.  The  establishment  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  foremost  of  the  kind  in  America,  being  in  prosperous  existence  for  the  past 
twenty-five  years,  and  its  patronage,  which  is  large  and  active,  extends  all  over  the  United  States.  This  thriving  enterprise  was  started  in 
1866  by  Joseph  A.  Stoll,  the  present  efficient  bead  of  the  concern,  who  was  the  pioneer  in  this  branch  of  art  hereabouts,  and  up  to  1889  the 
works  were  situated  on  Saratoga  Avenue.  Brooklyn,  with  salesroom  at  No.  31  Barclay  Street,  this  city,  the  entire  business  being  moved  to 
the  commodious  quarters  now  occupied  at  the  period  last  mentioned.  The  company  occupy  here  the  whole  of  a  spacious  third  floor,  with 
ample  and  complete  facilities,  and  employ  several  expert  workmen.  The  productions  include  statuary  in  all  sizes,  of  imitation  stone,  stone 
composition  and  plaster,  decorated  in  real  oil  colors  and  gold  leaf,  warranted  to  wash;  also  relief  stations  in  gothic  frames,  richly  decorated 
in  oil  colors  and  real  gold  leaf:  handsome  ci'ucifixes  in  black  and  all  gilt,  with  corpses  and  figures  painted  in  natural  colors;  groups,  church 
images  of  every  size  and  variety,  and  kindred  religious  insignia  generally ;  and  all  are  guaranteed  to  be  strictly  first-class  as  to  solidity  and 
quality  of  materials,  as  well  as  beauty  of  models  and  correctness  of  design,  while  in  chromatic  decoration  and  all  round  workmanship  they 
rank  with  the  best  imported  articles  of  the  kind,  though  they  are  very  much  lower  in  price.  A  large,  varied  and  splendid  assortment  is  con- 
stantly carried  in  stock,  and  statues,  images,  etc..  are  made  to  order  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art  at  short  notice,  and  carefully  packed  for 
shipment.  Illustrated  catalogues  are  mailed  to  any  address,  upon  application,  and  all  communications  of  a  business  nature  will  receive 
prompt  response,  all  orders  receiving  immediate  attention.  All  work  executed  to  order  is  guaranteed  to  be  first-class,  and  every  article  of- 
fered for  sale  is  fully  warranted  as  represented,  while  the  prices  prevailing  are  exceedingly  low.  exceptionally  favorable  terms  being  quotcc? 
to  dealers.  Mr.  Stoll.  who  is  the  principal  owner  as  well  as  the  active  manager  of  business,  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  and  a  natno  oC 
Switzerland,  but  has  been  in  this  country  for  many  years.  He  is  a  thoroughly  expert  workman  himself,  of  long  and  varied  experiency  ."':;  Vjo 
exercise  of  his  art,  as  well  as  a  man  of  untiring  industry  and  strict  integrity  in  his  dealings,  and  has  attained  success  by  deserving  it. 


194  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

rrr     JI.  SPEED  &  CO.,  Printers,  Stationers  and  Lithographers,  No.  53  Dey  Street.— A  recently  established  house  and  one  which  lias 

£J        developed  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  trade  since  its  inception  is  that  of  Messrs.  A.  M.  Speed  &  Co.,  manufacturing  stationers, 

ll        lithographers  and  printers,  located  at  No.  52  Dey  Street.    The  business  was  established  in  188-3.    The  premises  occupied  are  spa- 

J  clous  and  commodious  and  well  fitted  up  for  the  business,  with  all  labor-saving  machinery  not  possessed  by  the  ordinary  printing 

office  to  aid  in  rapidly  turning  out  a  large  volume  of  work.    They  also  have  a  book  bindery  in  connection  with  the  business. 

This  house  makes  a  specialty  of  fine  work  for  bonds  and  banking  institutions,  banks,  checks,  drafts,  blank  books  and  all  that  is  necessary  in 

fitting  out  a  bank ;  the  majority  of  this  business  being  done  for  outside  or  country  banks.    Also  school,  insurance,  and  abstract  offices  tor  which 

it  publishes  several  important  books  and  blanks,  the  labor-saving  features  of  which  make  them  very  desirable.    The  facilities  it  possesses 

enables  them  to  accept  all  contracts  tor  the  fitting  out  of  banks  in  the  most  acceptable  manner  and  at  the  most  reasonable  prices.    This  firm 

ranks  as  the  seventh  largest  banking  stationery  manufacturer,  in  the  United  States.    A  large  trade  in  the  city  and  immediate  vicinity  and 

through  the  southwest  has  been  established,  extending  as  far  as  Kansas  and  is  constantly  increasing.     A  corps  of  competent  assistants  is 

employed  and  all  orders  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention.    Mr.  A.  M.  Speed,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  is  a  native  of  England.    Mr. 

F.  G.  Bark  is  a  native  of  New  York.    Both  gentlemen  enjoy  a  high  reputation  and  are  noted  for  their  honorable  business  methods. 

HUTCHESON  &  BETHEL,  Tropical  Fruits  and  Early  Vegetables,  No.  169  Front  Street.— An  old  established  and  leading  New  York 
house  in  the  fruit  trade  is  that  of  Messrs.  Hutcheson  and  Bethel,  commission  merchants  in  tropical  fruits  and  produce  at  No.  169 
Front  Street.  This  well-known  concern  has  been  engaged  in  business  since  1865  and  in  the  interval  have  built  up  an  extensive  and 
eminently  prosperous  trade.  The  spacious  and  well  arranged  premises  are  fitted  up  in  the  style  best  adapted  to  the  business,  and 
all  requisite  conveniences  and  facilities  are  supplied  tor  the  advantageous  handling  of  the  large  consignments  ot  tropical  fruits 
and  other  products  frequently  received  during  the  season.  These  staple  commodities  are  carefully  selected  by  the  firm's  agents  in  the  pro- 
ducing districts  and  shipped  to  New  York  in  fleet  vessels  especially  designed  for  this  trade.  In  the  busy  season  when  cargoes  are  frequently 
coming  in,  the  firm  employs  often  as  many  as  fifty  experienced  fruit  handlers.  The  house  is  headquarters  for  choice  oranges,  pineapples, 
and  early  potatoes,  onions,  tomatoes  and  other  vegetables,  etc.  and  the  large  general  business  reaches  over  a  wide  territory.  The  cable 
address  of  the  house  is  "  Hutcheson,  New  York,"  in  addition  to  which  the  firm  have  telephone  connection  with  their  trade  in  the  city  and 
elsewhere.  Messrs.  A.  B.  and  W.  A.  Hutcheson  and  T.  W.  Bethel  comprise  the  firm.  All  are  natives  ot  New  York  and  gentlemen  ot  wide 
experience  in  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  business  with  which  they  have  been  so  long  and  prominently  identified. 

GXJERBER  BROS.,  Watch  Case  Makers  and  Repairers,  No.  2.3  John  Street.— Of  the  numerous  branches  of  the  watch  making  industry 
that  ot  watch  case  manufacturing  is  one  ot  the  most  important,  being  represented  in  this  city  by  a  number  of  responsible  firms. 
Prominent  among  these  is  the  house  of  Guerber  Bros,  at  No.  23  ;john  Street.  This  business  was  founded  in  1852,  by  the  father  of  the 
present  proprietors,  Mesrss.  A.  and  H.  Guerber,  who  succeeded  in  1866.  The  high  code  of  business  principles  inaugurated  by 
Mr.  Guerber  the  senior,  have  been  fully  sustained  by  the  two  brothers,  and  as  a  consequence  ot  their  energy  and  enterprise,  a  large 
share  ot  patronage  has  been  accorded  the  house  from  all  parts  ot  the  United  States.  The  firm  are  manufacturers  and  repairers  ot  gold, 
silver,  and  metal  watch  cases,  and  undertake  in  the  most  thorough  and  workmanlike  manner,  engine  turning,  .springing,  polishing,  etc. 
Engraving  is  also  imdertaken  to  special  design  or  in  accordance  with  patterns  suggested  by  the  principals,  who  display  considerable 
artistic  taste  and  style  in  this  direction.  The  premises  at  the  address  mentioned,  consist  of  a  floor,  upstairs,  measuring  25  x  50  feet,  com- 
prising office  and  manufactory  ;  the  latter  being  supplied  with  steam  power,  fine  machinery,  plant,  and  tools,  all  of  the  latest  improved 
patterns  necessary  to  the  due  prosecution  ot  the  business.  Six  skilled  operatives  are  kept  steadily  employed  in  the  different  kinds  of  work  ; 
all  of  which  is  executed  to  order,  and  not  tor  stock.  Among  its  extensive  patronage,  the  flrm  has  a  reputation  second  to  none  in  the  trade 
for  reliability  and  excellence  ot  work  ;  as  well  as  for  its  strictly  honorable  dealing.  Messrs.  A.  and  H.  Guerber  are  both  young  men,  and 
are  native  bom  Americans. 

r-g-OSEPH  J.  DeLONG,  Importer  and  Dealer  in  Hair  and  Wool,  No.  101  Reade  Street,  No.  39  N.  Front  Street,  Philadelphia,  No.  123 
I  Linieu  Strasse,  Berlin,  Germany.— A  house  that  has  attained  a  substantial  recognition  as  well  as  a  flattering  patronage  during  a 
(^  I  comparatively  brief  career  is  that  ot  Joseph  J.  DeLong,  importer  of  and  dealer  in  hair  and  wool,  whose  headquarters  and  New  York 
\  I  office  and  wareroom  is  located  at  No.  101  Reade  Street.  Established  only  five  years  ago,  by  its  prompt  and  thoroughly  reliable  busi- 
^'^  ness  dealings,  as  well  as  the  distinct  merit  of  the  goods  handled,  this  house  has  increased  its  capital  from  $7,000  to  $50,000,  and  its  body 
of  trade  to  an  annual  output  of  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  Hair  and  wool  are  the  commodities  handled,  and  which  are  supplied  to  the 
manufacturers  ot  carpets  and  rugs  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  to  whom  this  house  invariably  quotes  the  lowest  market  prices,  and  from  its 
valuable  and  influential  connections  is  at  all  times  prepared  to  fill  all  orders  ot  whatever  magnitude,  at  short  notice,  offering  in  this  connec- 
tion the  most  liberal  inducements  to  the  trade.  The  house  has  branch  offices  at  No.  89  N.  Front  Street,  Philadelphia,  and  at  No.  133 
Linieu  Strasse,  Berlin,  Germany,  thereby  greatly  advancing  their  facilities  for  prompt  and  satisfactory  action.  All  communications  relating 
to  goods,  terms,  etc.,  receive  immediate  attention,  and  it  is  the  aim  of  the  house  to  constantly  consider  and  further  the  interests  of  its  patrons. 
Mr.  DeLong  is  a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise,  as  also  of  excellent  standing  in  commercial  circles,  and  no  second  sight  is  required  to  tore- 
cast  a  continuance  ot  the  success  which  has  so  far  attended  his  efforts  and  business  venture. 

r-w"OSEPH  LIPS,  Refinisher,  Examiner  and  Sponger  of  All  Kinds  ot  Woolen  Goods,  No.  141  West  Broadway.— Probably  the  oldest  house 
I  in  New  York  State,  engaged  in  the  reflnishing,  examining  aud  sponging  of  all  kinds  of  woolen  goods,  is  that  ot  Mr.  Joseph  Lips, 
®  I  located  at  No.  141  W.  Broadway.  This  business  was  established  in  1858,  and,  although  since  its  initiation,  a  couple  of  changes  have 
\  I  taken  place  in  the  proprietary  management,  the  present  principal,  Mr.  Joseph  Lips,  has  always  been  at  the  head  of  afTairs;  and  by 
^"^  his  close  personal  attention  to  every  detail  ot  the  enterprise,  has  been  mainly  responsible  for  the  enduring  connection  it  now  con- 
trols in  the  city  and  adjacent  country,  among  the  most  influential  houses  in  the  trade.  All  kinds  of  woolen  goods  are  sponged  by  steam, 
and  are  warranted  to  retain  their  gloss  and  not  to  shrink  after  sponging;  and  the  process  by  which  the  firm  accomplish  this  does  not  injure 
the  fabrics,  but  gives  it  a  beautiful  luster  which  cannot  afterwards  be  destroyed  by  water  or  rain.  In  this  department  linens,  merinoes, 
delaines  and  all  other  fabrics  are  shrunk  in  an  efficacious  and  highly  satisfactory  manner,  the  lowest  prices  being  charged  in  every 
instance;  moreover,  within  the  comprehensive  scope  of  the  business  are  included  the  refinishing  and  restoration  to  their  original  freshness 
of  importation,  shawls  of  all  kinds,  w.oolens  or  linens  which  may  have  been  damaged  by  sea  water  or  fire.  For  these  various  purposes  no 
fewer  than  twenty-five  expert  operatives  are  steadily  engaged,  and  to  meet  the  demand  which  is  now  made  upon  the  firm's  resources,  prern, 
iseshave  to  be  maintained  at  the  location  indicated,  consisting  of  a  building  of  four  floors,  each  having  an  area  of  60x  100  feet:  used  as  office, 
workrooms  and  store.  The  workrooms  are  replete  with  a  full  equipment  ot  the  latest  improved  imported  machinery  and  appliances  inci- 
dental to  the  undertaking,  steam-power  being  the  actuating  force  employed.  The  worthy  and  experienced  proprietor,  Mr.  Joseph  Lips,  is 
a  native  ot  Germany  and  has  resided  in  this  city  for  the  past  thirty-five  years. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMEECE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


195 


D&  H.  HEIDGERD,  Cloth  House,  Nos.  376  &  880  Canal  Street.— The  famous  cloth  house,  at  Nos.  276  and  280  Canal  Strwt. 
founded  by  D.  &  \V.  Ileidgerd,  has  just  completed  its  quarter  of  a  century  of  able  and  pronouncedly  successful  trading,  no  chant^e 
having  meanwhile  been  made  in  the  firm  personnel  until  one  year  ago,  when  the  trading  title  became  D.  &  H.  Heidgerd;  the  able 
•  proprietors  being  also  interested  in  the  firm  of  William  Heidgerd  &  Company,  at  the  corner  of  Grand  and  Elm  Streets,  in  the 
same  line  of  business.  The  premises  on  Canal  Street  comprise  a  four-story  buildiug,  with  an  expanse  on  each  floor  of  20  x  GO  feet, 
and  here  a  stock  of  woolen,  cashmere,  and  other  cloths,  selected  with  the  best  of  trained  judgment,  is  carried  in  great  bulk,  an  almost  unriv- 
aled wealth  of  choice  being  displayed.  The  extent  of  the  firm's  connection  among  tailors  and  others,  in  various  near  and  remote  parts,  is 
such  that  a  staff  of  ten  salesmen  and  clerks  is  employed  upon  the  premises,  a  great  feature  of  the  house — beyond  the  handling  of  reliable 
goods,  representative  of  the  newest  and  choicest  materials — being  the  prompt  and  scrupulously  accurate  filling  of  orders.  The  partners, 
Mr.  D.  A.  and  Mr.  J.  Herm.  Heidgerd,  are  both  nnddle-aged  gentlemen,  of  German  birth,  and  their  very  long  business  connection  in  this  city, 
and  honorable  and  able  trading  has  rendered  them  among  the  most  prominent  and  respected  men  in  their  line. 


Entrance  to  Central  Park,  Fifth  Aveotie  and  Fifty-Ninth  Street. 


r-w-OHN  STEWART,  Sewing  Machines.  Nos.  .374  and  .376  Canal  Street.  Between  Church  Street  and  W.  Broadway.— There  is  not.  in  all 
^-  I  America,  an  establishment  providing  so  completely  for  the  supply  to  manufacturers  and  others  of  sewing  machines  of  all  possible 
@  I  descriptions,  their  parts  and  their  appliances,  nor  is  there  one  doing  so  gigantic  a  business  with  every  section  of  the  country  and  all 
\  I  parts  of  the  world,  as  that  of  Mr.  John  Stewart  at  Nos.  374  and  .376  Canal  ;Street.  and  therefore  a  brief  word  as  to  its  affairs  cannot 
fail  to  be  of  interest.  It  was  founded  sixteen  years  ago  by  Mr.  Charles  Steele,  the  firm  subsequently  becoming  known  as  Steele  & 
Cobb,  and  Mr.  John  Stewart,  who  has  had  twenty  years  of  practical  experience  as  a  machinist  in  this  line,  became  the  proprietor  eleven 
years  ago  and  well  knows  how  to  handle  to  advantage  the  innumerable  inventions  that  have  been  brought  out  during  the  past  decade 
in  connection  with  sewing  machines.  He  is.  moreover,  able  to  give  valuable  advice  to  patrons,  as  to  which  make  of  machine  will  best  suit 
their  particular  purpose,  from  a  close  acquaintance  with  all  their  parts,  and  it  is  the  ability  and  sincerity  with  which  he  has  done  this  which 
has  eventuated  in  a  command  of  trade  that  has  no  parallel.  The  trade  done  relates  to  the  selling,  repairing  and  renting  of  sewing  machines 
of  all  kinds,  inclusive  of  embroidery  and  bonnaz  machines.  Pleating,  folding,  pinking,  double-needle  and  all  special  as  well  as  ordin- 
ary machines  are  kept  constantly  on  hand,  the  stock  carried  at  any  one  time  being  rarely  less  than  three  thousand  in  number,  while 
Stewart's  pleater,  guages  and  machines  for  hatters'  use.  are  also  to  be  found  in  the  salesroom;  and  gas  engines,  electric  motors  and  steam- 
power  attachments  are  supplied.  Indeed,  the  firm  is  one  to  which  manufactures  in  all  trades,  where  sewing;machines  are  used,  may  turn  for 
almost  everything  they  want,  and  rely  upon  being  provided  for  promptly  and  on  terms  that  challenge  competition.  The  well-known  propri- 
etor, who  is  assisted  in  the  business  by  twelve  employees,  is  a  gentleman  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  of  Boston  birth,  who  has  resided  for 
twelve  years  in  this  city. 


196 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


■■"«  AWRENCE  CEMENT  COMPANY,  No.  67  William  Street.— In  all  the  various  branches  of  the  constructive  art,  there  Is  probably  no 
I  /g>  one  special  detail  of  importation  or  manufacture  of  more  importance  than  that  of  cement,  which  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  mate^ 
I  \  rials  used  in  the  building  trades.  The  largest  and  leading  house  engaged  in  this  industry  in  the  United  States  is  the  Lawrence 
'  '  Cement  Company,  manufacturers  of  the  "  Hoffman  "  Eosendale  Cement,  whose  main  ofBce  is  located  at  No.  67  William  Street,  in 
this  city.  This  company  was  organized  in  1832,  and  is  now  oflicered  and  managed  as  follows,  viz. ;  Warren  Ackermau,  president; 
T.  A.  Smith,  secretary  and  treasurer;  M.  Albert  Scull  and  Ernest  R.  Ackerman,  general  sales  agents.  The  company  operate  five  mills,  all 
located  in  New  York  state,  and  give  employment  to  one  thousand  hands.  They  are  now  producing  one  million  barrels  of  cement  per  year, 
and  supply  a  heavy  and  permanent  demand  in  all  parts  of  the-United  States.  The  "  HolTman  "  Cement  has  now  been  before  the  public  for 
more  than  fifty  years,  and  its  reliability  and  general  fitness  for  all  kinds  of  work  cannot  be  fairly  questioned.  When  properly  used  the 
result  of  such  using  is  certain.  No  pains  have  been  omitted  to  insure  the  perfection  of  this  brand,  and  testimonials  to  its  superiority  over 
all  other  brands  are  numerous  and  convincing.  It  was  extensively  tested  by  the  City  Engineer  of  Boston,  during  188."i.  for  use  on  the 
Charles  River  embankments,  and  tests  have  also  been  made  by  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Y'ard  and  by  the  Department  of  Public  Works.  Hoffman 
Cement  mixed  in  the  proportions  of  one  of  cement  to  one  of  sand  has  supported  866  pounds  before  breaking.  An  experiment  was  made  at 
the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  in  1863,  where  Hoffman  cement  is  made  the  standard,  by  joining  two  bricks  together,  which  stood  a  strain  of  L.'iOO 
pounds  without  breaking.  In  addition  to  its  general  use  by  the  Government  in  all  departments,  Holfman  Cement  was  used  in  building  the 
following  forts;  Forts  Delaware,  Jackson,  Sumter,  Taylor,  Jefferson,  Hamilton,  Knox,  Montgomery,  Adam,  Trumbull,  Fortress  Monroe, 
and  the  forts  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y. ;  at  Amelia  Island,  at  Garden  Keys,  at  Pensaeola,  Fla.,  and  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  also  at  the  Brook- 
lyn and  Norfolk  Navy  Y'ard.  Twenty  thousand  barrels  were  used  on  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  ten  thousand  barrels  on  the  Washington 
Water  Works,  and  it  was  also  used  for  building  the  Patent  office,  Treasury  and  other  buildings  at  Washington.  The  company  have  just 
closed  a  contract  with  Lieutenant  Colonel  G.  L.  Gillespie,  U.  S.  A.,  for  6300  barrels  of  cement  for  building  fortifications  at  Sandy  Hook. 
The  officers  of  the  company  are  well-known  citizens  of  New  York,  prominent  in  commercial  and  trade  circles,  and  of  great  practical  expe- 
rience and  eminent  ability  in  this  department  of  commerce. 


EMRY  DAVIS,  Manufacturer  of  the  Davis  Automatic  Inkstand,  No.  319  Broadway.— One  of  the  most  valuable  improvements  in  its 
line  is  the  Davis  automatic  inkstand,  manufactured  by  Mr.  Emry  Davis,  at  No.  319  Broadway.  This  invention  was  patented  March 
19,  1889,  and  as  embracing  all  the  features  that  go  to  make  up  a  perfect  inkstand,  and,  as  a  success  in  fulfilling  the  purpose  for  which 
it  was  intended,  it  stands  pre-eminent,  without  a  parallel  or  even  a  competitor.  It  is  the  most  convenient  stand  because  it  is  always 
ready  for  use;  has  no  cover  to  be  opened  and  closed;  requires  filling  and  cleaning  only  at  long  intervals;  automatically  inks  the  pen 
to  the  proper  height;  prevents  taking  up  surplus  ink,  that  nuist  otherwise 
be  scraped  or  thrown  off  to  prevent  blotting;  your  fingers  are  clean;  it 
never  gets  dust  or  lint  on  your  pen;  the  ink  rising  from  the  center  of  the 
fluid,  you  are  never  bothered  with  scum  from  the  top  or  sediment  from 
the  bottom,  and  the  ink  will  not  spill  if  the  stand  is  overturned.  They  are 
substantially  made  of  glass  and  hard  rubber,  elegantly  finished.  It  is  the 
most  economical  stand  in  the  world,  because,  in  the  open  stand  evapora- 
tion and  waste  is  about  ninety  per  cent.,  while  in  the  Davis  automatic  the 
ink,  after  springing  up  and  inking  the  pen,  returns  to  the  reservoir,  where 
it  is  kept  perfectly  air  tight,  thus  preventing  evaporation  and  waste,  and 
preserving  the  ink  as  bright,  clean  and  pure  as  when  first  put  in  the  stand. 
The  great  popularity  of  this  inkstand  is  fully  attested  by  the  fact  that  they 
are  used  in  all  the  government  departments  at  Washington,  the  state  de- 
partments of  New  York,  Peimsylvania,  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,  Massa- 
chusetts, New  Hampshire,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  Dela- 
ware and  others;  and  the  city  offices  of  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Brooklyn,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Boston,  Buffalo,  Cleveland.  Pittsburg, 
Albany,  Harrisburg,  Columbus,  Cincinnati,  among  many  others.  To  this  might  be  added  that  more  than  a  thousand  of  the  largest  business 
concerns  in  Philadelphia  have  bought  them  for  general  use,  and  a  large  number  in  New  Y'ork  City  since  May,  1890.  Over  seven  thou- 
sand have  been  sold  in  Pittsburg,  one  firm,  Carnegie  Brothers  &  Co.,  having  purchased  over  nine  hundred  stands  for  use  in  their  offices. 
The  list  of  other  users  comprises  the  Pennsylvania,  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  and  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  companies;  the  Stan- 
dard Oil  Company,  the  Singer  and  the  Domestic  Sewing  Machine  companies;  the  Edison  Electric  Company,  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company,  the  Adams  Express  Company,  a  number  of  trans-Atlantic  and  coast  line  steamship  companies,  and  a  large  percentage  of  the 
insurance  companies  and  banks  of  this  country.  Without  solicitation  they  have  also  been  sold  in  England,  France,  Germany,  Russia,  Aus- 
tralia, South  America  and  Qlexico.  The  above  will  be  more  fully  appreciated  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  patent  has  been  on  the  market 
only  two  years.  Mr.  Davis,  the  inventor  and  manufacturer,  is  continually  studying  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  this  invention,  as  well  as  to 
cheapen  the  cost  to  the  consumer,  and  has  recently  added  new  features  and  reduced  the  price.  Mr.  Davis  is  a  young  man  of  marked  genius 
and  enterprise,  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Union  Drug  Company  of  New  York  and  honored  and  esteemed  in  commercial;  financial  and 
social  life. 


CHAS.  C.  CHAMBERLAIN,  Patentee  and  Manufacturer  of  the  Iron  Clad  Voucher  Case,  Document  and  Box  Envelopes,  No.  58  Centre  Street. 
—No  small  proportion  of  the  development  of  American  industries  has  been  the  outgrowth  of  the  mechanical  ingenuity  of  our  people  ; 
and  in  this  connection  the  business  of  Mr.  Charles  C.  Chamberlain  calls  for  conspicuous  mention,  its  principal  being  in  the  truest  sense 
a  typical  American  in  this  essential  feature  of  our  national  character,  the  business  itself  being  exclusively  founded  upon  his  inventions. 
One  of  the  chief  of  these  is  the  iron-clad  voucher  case,  document  and  box  envelopes,  an  exceedingly  ingenious,  simple,  convenient  and 
comparatively  inexpensive  article  for  the  safe  custody  of  important  papers  and  docmnents.  This  was  patented  June  5.  1888,  and  the  inventor, 
who  is  content  with  nothing  short  of  practically  perfect  finish,  has  since  carefully  experi?nented  until  now  he  has  it  in  a  marketable  form,  which 
has  caused  it  to  become  highly  popular  among  mercantile  men  and  others,  and  a  very  brisk  demand  has  been  created.  This  valuable  nov- 
elty is  manufactured  by  Mr.  Chamberlain,  with  the  assistance  of  four  workmen,  upon  the  premises,  which  are  located  on  an  upper  floor  at 
No.  58  Centre  Street,  and  it  is  an  article  which  deserves  careful  inspection,  it  being  not  only  neatly  iron-clad  but  metal  lined,  and  provided 
with  an  inner  sliding  case  which  greatly  facilitates  its  use,  and  he  is  now  introducing  a  new  device  in  this  line  which  can  be  placed  under  lock 
and  key.  Mr.  Charles  C.  Chamberlain  who  has  been  only  one  year  at  his  present  location,  but  for  sixteen  years  in  business,  is  identified 
with  a  number  of  successful  patents.  His  trade  now  extends  all  over  the  United  States  and  Canada  and  is  steadily  increasing.  He  is  a  gen- 
tleman of  New  England  birth,  and  deservedly  respected.  Among  those  who  use  the  products  of  this  house  and  recommend  them  highly,  ar» 
U.  S.  Government,  State  Department  throughout.  Insurance  and  Safe  Deposit  Companies  and  General  Mercantile  Hou.«<- 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  197 

THE  HUSSEY  RE-HEATER  AND  STEA5I  PLANT  IMPROVEMENT  COMPANY,  Offices,  No.  15  Cortlandt  Street ;  Engineers  and 
Contractors  for  Low-Pressure  Steam  Heating,  including  Engines,  Boilers,  Steam  Pumps,  Back  Pressure  Valves,  Etc.  Work 
executed  from  the  designs  of  Architects.  Plans  and  SpeciHcations  furnished.  A.  S.  Hatch,  President.— The  invention  and 
improvement  of  steam  specialties  has  enlisted  the  scientific  research  and  patient  investigation  of  men  of  genius  and  skill  for  many 
years,  and  some  of  the  best  results  of  such  study  and  labor  are  undoubtedly  shown  in  the  products  of  the  Hussey  Re-Heater  and 
Steam  Plant  Improvement  Company,  whose  headquarters  are  located  at  No.  1.5  Cortlandt  Street.  This  company  is  widely  and  deservedly 
prominent  as  the  proprietors  of  the  Hussey  Re-Heater,  for  reheating  exhaust  steam  and  superheating  live  steam,  without  cost  for  fuel  and 
without  affecting  the  pressure  ;  while  they  are  also  manufacturers  of,  and  dealers  in  other  improved  steam  specialties,  including  Compound 
flue  feed  water  heater.  Back  pressure  valves.  Peerless  grease  extractors,  etc.;  and  are  practical  and  consulting  experts  io  all  mattei-s  per- 
taining to  economy  in  steam,  and  its  use  for  power,  heat  and  ventilation.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  January,  1888,  and  is  officered 
and  managed  by  A.  S.  Hatch,  president ;  John  C.  F.  Gardner,  secretary;  Levi  Hussey.  chief  engineer,  and  Edw.  McCann,  superintendent. 
Any  manufacturing  process,  requiring  the  use  of  steam  for  power  or  heat,  especially  where  the  best  results  of  any  of  the  processes  are 
dependent  on  the  reliable  maintenance  of  high  or  uniform  temperatures,  can  be  largely  aided  and  economized  by  the  use  of  the  Hussey  sys- 
tem of  reheating  exhaust  steam  and  super-heating  live  steam.  In  many  manufacturing  establishments,  the  exhaust  steam  is  blown  away 
into  the  atmosphere  and  lost,  while  a  Hussey  re-heater  would,  without  any  cost  whatever  for  fuel,  convert  it  into  an  important  and  valuable 
auxiliary.  This  is  accomplished  by  utilizing  the  waste  gases  of  combustion  ou  their  way  from  the  furnace  to  the  chimney.  No  practicable 
method  of  re-heating  or  super-heating  without  additional  flres  or  fuel  has  ever  before  been  devised,  and  it  has  been  considered  impractica- 
ble; but  the  Hussey  re-heater  does  both,  and  in  every  instance  with  mifailing  certainty  and  regularity.  Exhaust  steam  re-heated  in  a  Hus- 
sey re-heater,  and  thence  distributed  for  heating  purposes,  causes  no  back  pressure,  requires  less  heating  surface  for  the  diffusion  of  a  given 
amount  of  heat  than  any  other  method  of  heating  by  steam,  and  can  be  raised  to  any  temperature  without  pressure.  In  any  large  building 
or  manufactory  in  which  steam  is  used  for  the  combined  purpose  of  power  and  heat,  the  use  of  this  system  largely  increases  the  efficiency 
of  the  steam  plant,  and  insures  an  important  economy  in  fuel  consumption.  For  boiling,  drying,  evaporating,  bleaching,  dyeing,  baking 
vulcanizing,  and  all  other  processes  requiring  heat,  the  Hussey  re-heater  is  an  invaluable  addition  to  the  steam  plant,  the  results  of  its  use  in 
connection  with  refining,  paper  making,  dyeing,  the  manufacture  of  hats,  and  of  cotton,  woolen  and  silk  fabrics,  and  other  industries,  hav- 
ing been  in  many  cases  so  remarkable  as  to  largely  exceed  all  that  had  been  claimed  for  it.  It  is  the  purpose  of  this  company  to  have  at 
the  disposal  of  its  customers  at  all  times  the  very  best  steam  engineering  talent,  and  the  most  thorough  practical  and  expert  knowledge  of 
all  matters  connected  with  the  use  of  steam  that  can  be  obtained.  Steam  plants  are  designed,  erected  or  improved  in  manufactories,  office 
buildings,  apartment  houses,  hotels,  etc..  and  plans  and  drawings  of  designs  and  proposed  improvements  are  executed,  and  blue  prints  fur- 
nished with  accuracy  and  dispatch.  A  very  large  and  influential  trade  is  enjoyed  with  manufacturing  points  throughout  the  United  States, 
and  an  export  business  is  being  developed  in  several  foreign  countries.  Agencies  are  operated  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  other 
prominent  points.  The  president  of  the  company,  Mr.  Hatch,  is  a  native  of  Vermont  and  one  of  the  best  known  business  men  of  New  York; 
formerly  of  the  firm  of  Fisk  &  Hatch,  and  long  prominent  in  the  financial  world.  The  secretary,  Mr.  Gardner,  is  an  attorney -at-law,  and 
highly  esteemed  for  his  legal  ability,  business  acumen  and  sterling  enterprise.  Mr.  Levi  Hussey,  the  company's  chief  engineer,  is  without 
question,  one  of  the  most  skilled  and  accomplished  practical  steam  experts  in  the  United  States;  and  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  many 
valuable  inventions  and  improvements  for  increasing  the  efficiency  and  economizing  the  operation  of  steam  plants,  while  Mr.  McCann's  care- 
ful training  and  intelligent  apphcation  to  his  profession,  is  a  guarantee  that  any  mechanical  work  under  his  supervision  will  be  executed 
with  the  utmost  skill  and  care.    The  company  aims  at,  and  has  achieved  the  highest  results  in  the  use  of  steam. 

NW.  TAUSSIG  &  CO.,  Molasses,  Nos.  379,  381  and  383  Washington  Street,  Sales  Office  No.  1*4  Front  Street.— The  leading  representa- 
tive of  the  molasses  industry  in  New  York  is  the  house  of  Messrs.  N.  W.  Taussig  &  Co.,  located  at  Nos.  379, 381  and  383  Washington 
Street,  with  a  sales  office  at  No.  124  Front  Street.  This  reliable  and  responsible  house  was  established  in  1866,  by  Messrs  Wm, 
•  Taussig  &  Sons,  in  Jersey  City,  and  was  removed  to  this  city  in  1871.  The  present  firm,  consisting  of  Messrs.  N.  W.  and  Felix 
Taussig,  sons  of  Wm.  Taussig  succeeded  in  1884,  and  have  built  up  an  immense  and  influential  trade  throughout  the  entire  United 
States.  The  building  occupied  is  a  substantial  five-story  brick  structure,  80  x  60  feet  in  dimensions,  and  unsurpassed  facilities  are  possessed 
for  conducting  all  operations  under  the  most  favorable  auspices  and  upon  the  largest  scale.  The  firm  turn  out  when  busy  seven  hundred 
barrels  of  molasses  per  day.  Their  supplies  come  from  New  Orleans  and  from  Porto  Rico,  Trinidad,  Cuba,  Barbadoes.  Antigua  and  some  of 
the  smaller  islands  in  the  West  Indies,  and  the  utmost  pains  and  care  are  exercised  in  the  selection  and  grading  of  the  same.  The  firm 
carry  a  stock  for  supplying  the  wholesale  grocery  trade  in  Boston,  Baltimore,  Chicago,  Portland  and  Bangor,  Me.,  and  the  exigencies  of  the 
business  require  the  services  of  forty  men.  The  largest  orders  are  filled  with  promptness  and  care,  and  inducements  are  constantly  offered 
to  the  trade  as  regards  both  reliability  of  goods  and  liberality  of  terms  and  prices  which  challenge  comparison  and  defy  successful  compe- 
tition. The  Messrs.  Taussig  are  natives  of  District  of  Columbia,  residents  of  Jersey  City,  and  young  men  of  large  business  experience,  thor- 
ough enterprise  and  sterling  personal  worth,  who  are  worthy  of  every  confidence  and  the  largest  measure  of  success. 

TRANSATLANTIC  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  of  Hamburg,  Germany,  No.  54  Pine  Street.— A  vast  field  is  that  of  fire  insurance  and 
one  increasing  in  usefulness  every  year,  as  the  magnitude  of  the  cotmtry's  business  increases  and  as  she  grows  wealthier  in  possessions 
Among  the  reputable  companies  devoted  to  insurance  against  fire  in  the  American  Metropolis  the  name  of  the  Transatlantic  com- 
pany of  Hamburg,  Germany,  stands  conspicuous.  The  date  of  tbe  organization  of  the  company  is  1872  ;  the  original  location  of  its 
operations  being  in  the  city  from  which  it  derives  its  name.  Its  establishment  in  this  country  was  effected  in  1877;  since  which  time 
its  progress  has  been  signalized  chiefly  by  the  transaction  of  a  safe  and  conservative  business,  a  fact  which  has  been  pre-eminently  influen- 
tial in  insuring  its  popularity.  To  the  Transatlantic  Fire  Insurance  Company  belongs  the  honorable  and  enviable  reputation  of  accepting 
only  the  best  risks;  thus  conserving  the  interests  of  its  policy  holders  in  the  most  efficacious  manner.  The  management  of  the  company 
reposes  in  the  hands  of  gentlemen  of  thorough  and  practical  experience  in  all  the  details  appertaining  to  their  calling,  possessing  mean- 
while, in  strong  measure,  the  eonfldence  and  esteem  of  the  community.  The  control  of  the  New  York  branch  of  this  reputable  and  influen- 
tial company  is  in,the  hands  of  Mr.  E.  Harbers,  one  of  the  most  prominent  members  of  the  metropolitan  commercial  public.  This  gentle- 
man is  a  native  of  Germany,  but  he  has  long  been  earnestly  interested  in  the  development  and  prosperity  of  this  countiy .  He  is  a  gentleman 
in  the  prime  of  life,  enjoying  the  possession  of  an  extensive  range  of  unusual  business  and  personal  accomplishments.  The  duties  of 
assistant  manager  fall  to  the  lot  of  Mr.  H.  Ihner.  whose  lengthy  experience  aptly  fits  him  for  the  efficient  discharge  thereof.  The  trustees  of 
the  company  are,  Charles  M.  Fry,  President  of  the  Bank  of  New  York,  James  Seligman,  of  the  celebrated  and  reputable  house  of  J.  &  W. 
Seligman  &  Company,  and  Pane  Lichtenstein,  whose  position  in  the  commercial  world  is  of  so  influential  a  character  as  to  obviate  the 
necessity  of  comment.  The  business  premises  of  the  company  are  located  at  No.  .54  Pine  Street.  New  York,  the  convenience  of  such  situa- 
tion being  apparent  to  any  one  familiar  with  the  city,  the  offices  being  adjacent  to  the  Real  Estate  Exchange,  the  prominent  banking 
houses  and  the  great  title  insurance  companies  and  better  class  law  offices  of  the  metropolis.  They  occupy  an  area  of  13.50  superficial  feet 
and  require  in  their  conduct  a  staff  of  ten  employees.  A  glance  at  the  recent  statement  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  will  serve  to  convince 
even  the  most  sceptical  of  the  solidity  and  repute  of  the  Transatlantic  Fire  Insurance  Company,  and  the  justice  of  its  claims  to  patronage. 


198  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CH.  WADSWORTH,  Wholesale  Dealer  in  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruits,  No.  214  Duane  Street— Few  men  engaging  in  business  in  the- 
metropolis  can  take  a  retrospective  view  of  their  career  with  tiie  satisfaction  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Wadsworth,  of  No.  214  Duane  Street,  New 
York,  and  No.  39  West  Avenue,  Wallabout  Market,  Brooklyn.  Ever  since  the  day  of  his  embarkation  in  his  present  walk  of  life  in 
•  1865,  his  progress  has  been  characterized  chiefly  by  a  movement,  sure  and  steady,  in  the  direction  of  prosperity,  until  to-day  his  has 
a  right  to  rank  as  one  of  the  representative  houses  engaging  in  his  business.  Mr.  Wadsworth  is  a  wholesale  dealer  in  foreign  and 
domestic  fruits,  for  which  he  has  a  wide  and  enviable  reputation.  His  specialties  are  oranges  and  lemons,  and  his  connection  extends- 
throughout  the  entire  metropolis,  and  comprises  in  its  sphere  the  outlying  environs.  Mr.  Wadsworth's  business  location  was  formerly  in  the 
old  West  Washington  Market.  In  1889,  he  transferred  the  scene  of  his  operations  to  his  present  convenient  address  in  Duane  Street.  Both 
the  city  and  the  Brooklyn  establishments  present  examples  of  admirable  management  and  systematic  control.  Mr.  Wadsworth  purchases 
heavy  parcels  of  goods  at  the  auction  sales,  and  the  range  of  commodities  handled  by  him  is  of  an  extremely  comprehensive  character. 
Since  Mr.  Wadsworth's  initial  effort  in  business  he  has  had  but  one  partner,  his  success  being  mainly  the  reward  of  his  individual  persever- 
ance and  integrity.  He  is  a  native  of  Ulster  County.  New  York,  and  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  the  metrop 
olis  for  forty  years  and  actively  identified  with  the  commercial  development  of  the  city.  Mr.  Wadsworth  is  an  active  and  prominent 
member  of  the  New  York  Fruit  Exchange,  upon  the  floor  of  which  institution  he  is  respected  highly.  A  review  of  the  representative  business, 
concerns  prosecuting  endeavor  in  the  metropolis  would  approach  a  fiasco  in  its  incompleteness  did  it  fail  to  comprehend  the  name  of  C.  H. 
Wadsworth  in  its  pages 

ry  OHNSON  &  WILSON,  General  Agents  for  Saylor's  Portland  Cement,  Aldrich  Court,  No.  45  Broadway.— The  superior  quaUty  of  Say- 
-^  I  lor's  Portland  Cement,  which  is  manufactured  in  the  United  States,  is  too  well  known  in  this  country  to  need  any  comment  or  praise 
®  I  from  us,  it  being  used  by  our  best  engineers  and  masons  all  over  the  country.  The  agents  in  this  city  for  this  popular  brand  are 
\^  I  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Wilson,  whose  oflfice  is  located  at  No.  45  Broadway.  The  agency  was  established  in  1870  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Wilson,  and 
in  1876  the  present  partnership  was  formed.  The  firm  have  brought  to  bear  perfected  facilities  which  enable  them  to  offer  substan- 
tial inducements  to  the  trade  both  as  to  price  and  quality.  Portland  cement  has  no  equal  for  strength  and  durability,  it  is  readily  applied, 
rapidly  attains  great  strength,  is  not  effected  by  frost  and  is  the  only  sure  and  safe  cement  for  submarine  operations  and  building  and  engi- 
neering operations  where  uniform,  rock-like  solidity  is  a  necessity.  The  economy  of  its  use  has  been  well  demonstrated  and  it  is  now  gener- 
ally conceded  that  its  greater  strength  assures  cheaper  concrete  than  when  made  with  our  domestic  natural  cements.  It  is  poor  economy  to 
use  any  but  the  very  best  Portland  cement  which  can  be  furnished  by  Johnson  &  Wilson,  who  have  for  several  years  enjoyed  the  larger 
share  of  the  American  Portland  cement  trade  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Johnson  is  president  of  the  Wilson  &  Barlic  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany of  Brooklyn, which  is  extensively  engaged  in  manufacturing  cement  pipe,  artificial  stone  for  side-walks,  etc.  and  Mr.  Wilson,  is  vice- 
president  of  the  above  named  company,  the  products  of  which  are  handled  through  the  New  York  office.  Main  office  in  Brooklyn,  but  orders 
are  taken  at  Nos.  85  to  93  Ninth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  The  superior  quality  of  cement  handled  by  this  firm  and  their  fair  and  honorable 
dealings,  are  the  two  essential  factors  which  have  enabled  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Wilson  to  maintain  their  position  at  the  head  of  a  growing  and 
important  branch  of  the  trade. 

CHARLES  F.  DANE  &  CO.,  Solicitors  of  Patents  and  Trade  Marks,  No.  261  Broadway.— Prominent  among  the  experienced  and  suc- 
cessful solicitors  of  patents  and  trade-marks  in  this  city  is  the  firm  of  Charles  F.  Dane  &  Co.,  whose  office  is  eligibly  located  at  No. 
261  Broadway.  The  business  so  successfully  conducted  by  this  firm  was  originally  established  in  1863,  by  Mr.  John  Dane,  and  in  1887, 
his  son,  Mr.  Charles  F.  Dane,  succeeded  to  the  control  under  the  present  name  and  style.  Possessing  a  foundation  understanding  of 
the  principles  of  patent  law,  a  complete  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  rules  of  practice  governing  the  administration  of  the  patent 
bureau  at  Washington,  and  a  large  experience  in  the  profession,  this  gentleman  may  be  justly  considered  as  eminently  adapted  for  success 
in  patent  law  practice.  Mr.  Dane  gives  his  prompt  personal  attention  to  the  preparation  and  prosecution  of  applications  for  patents  and 
trade-marks,  including  the  making  out  of  specifications,  drawings,  caveats,  assignments,  and  all  papers  relating  to  reissues,  designs,  labels, 
and  copyrights;  the  making  of  preliminary  examinations  as  to  the  patentability  of  an  invention,  and  investigations  as  to  the  scope  and 
validity  of  patents;  attending  to  cases  in  interference,  upon  appeal  and  before  the  courLs;  and  to  every  other  item  of  service  necessary  to 
the  complete  success  of  the  application  up  to  the  time  the  patent  is  granted  and  issued  by  the  office.  His  papers,  filed  in  the  interest  of  his 
clients,  are  models  of  accuracy,  wisdom  and  perfect  understanding  of  the  case  in  hand;  while  his  facilities  for  securing  both  American  and 
foreign  patents  are  rarely  equaled  and  never  excelled  by  any  other  solicitor  in  the  coimtry.  He  has  correspondents  in  all  the  principal  cities- 
and  he  enjoys  a  deservedly  high  prestige  and  popularity  everywhere  as  an  able,  scientific  and  clear-headed  solicitor,  and  a  sound,  reliable 
young  business  man.  Mr.  Dane  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  a  well-known  citizen  of  Orange,  in  that  state.  His  patrons  speak  in  the 
highest  terms  of  his  zeal  and  faithfulness  in  promoting  their  interests,  and  his  continued  success  and  permanent  prosperity  in  his  profession 
is  well  assured. 

WHEELING  CORRUGATING  COMPANY.  H.  C.  Mechling,  Manager,  Nos.  81  and  83  Fulton  Street.- The  leading  source  of  supply 
in  this  city  for  metal  roofing,  flre-proof  shutters  and  doors,  sheet  iron,  sheet  steel,  and  steel  wire  nails,  is  the  agency  conducted 
by  Mr.  H.  C.  Mechling,  at  Nos.  81  and  83  Fulton  Street.  This  gentleman  is  deservedly  prominent  in  trade  circles  as  agent  for  the 
Wheeling  Corrugating  Co.,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.;  the  Whitaker  Iron  Co.,  of  Wheeling.  W.  Va.;  and  the  Cincinnati  Wire  Co.,  of 
Cincinnati,  O.  The  Wheeling  Corrugating  Co  are  widely  known  as  manufacturers  of  corrugated  and  plain  sheet  metal  roofings, 
siding  and  ornamental  ceilings,  fire-proof  shutters  and  doors.  They  prefer  selling  through  reliable  agents,  and  when  they  have  an  active 
agent  they  do  not  quote  or  sell  to  others  in  his  section,  but  refer  all  inquiries  to  him.  They  furnish  their  agents  w  ith  samples  of  their  dtflfer- 
ent  manufactures,  and  are  prepared,  through  their  agents,  to  sell  at  low  rates,  quality  considered,  while  offering  none  but  the  best,  inviting 
comparison  and  guaranteeing  goods  to  be  as  represented.  Hardware  dealers,  roofers,  tinners,  carpenters,  contractors  and  general  mer- 
chants can  in  a  short  time  build  up  a  paying  demand  for  these  goods  by  giving  the  business  a  share  of  their  attention.  They  manufacture 
galvanized  gutters,  corrugated  expanding  conductors,  ridge  and  cornice  caps,  and  a  full  line  of  galvanized,  black  and  painted  sheet  metal 
building  material  of  all  kinds.  Mr.  l\Iechling  is  manager  of  their  New  York  office  to  whom  all  communications  should  be  addressed.  The 
Whitaker  Iron  Co.  is  an  old-established  concern  which  has  been  in  successful  operation  for  over  thirty  years.  Its  products  embrace  Crescent 
sheet  iron  and  steel,  both  black  and  galvanized.  Their  Crescent  Brand  of  Juniata  galvanized  patent  beveled  is  celebrated  throughout  the 
country  as  being  perfect  in  every  respect.  The  Cincinnati  Wire  Co.,  fnow  the  Hazen  Company)  are  manufacturers  of  the  Arrow  brand  of 
steel  wire  nails,  including  common,  fence,  shingle,  flooring  and  common  brads,  light  and  heavy  car  nails,  clinch  nails,  wire  si:)ikes,  barbed  and 
annealed  nails,  galvanized  and  tinned  nails.  These  goods  are  standard  in  all  markets,  and  commend  their  own  superior  merits  to  the  confi- 
dence and  patronage  of  critical  and  discriminating  buyers.  Representing  such  reliable  houses  in  this  important  territory,  Mr.  Mechling  is  in 
a  position  to  conduct  all  operations  under  the  most  favorable  auspices.  Orders  by  telephone,  telegraph  or  mail  receive  immediate  and  care- 
ful attention,  and  every  advantage  and  benefit  known  to  the  trade  is  granted  to  patrons.  Mr.  Mechling  is  a  native  of  Pittsbui^h,  Pa.,  in  the 
early  prime  of  life,  and  eminently  and  deservedly  popular  in  business  and  trade  circles. 


i 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


199 


CG.  WUCHERER,  Plush.  Satin,  Leather  and  Leatherette  Cases,  Etc.,  No.  93  Fulton  Street.— That  New  York  offers  a  most  encouraging 
field  for  enterprising  manufacturers,  and  certainly  that  it  had  room  for  a  well-qualified  manufacturer  of  plush,  satin,  leather  and  leath- 
erette cases  is  amply  evidenced  by  the  abnormally  large  measure  of  success  that  has  attended  the  business  of  Mr.  C.  G.  Wucherer  whose 
*  enterprise  was  only  inaugurated  iu  1890,  and  has  already  found  patrons  in  the  city  and  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  whose  transact- 
tious  with  the  firm  have  been  at  the  rate  of  $6,000  per  annum  and  are  rapidly  growing  larger.  Somethmg  of  this  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  Mr.  Wucherer,  who  is  of  German  birth,  has  made  the  best  of  his  nine  years  of  residence  in  this  country  in  keeping  his  eyes  open  in  his 
search  for  the  best  opportunities  for  the  display  of  his  well  trained  energy  and  the  investment  of  his  capital;  and  the  conclusion  to  which  he 
arrived  that  high-class  hand  work  in  tlie  description  of  work  already  mentioned,  as  well  as  in  sample  cards  and  job  book-bindery  has  been 
justified  by  the  event  to  an  extent  that  gives  employment  to  six  skilled  hands.  The  business  premises  are  located  at  No.  92  Fulton  Street 
where  a  top  lloor  25  by  50  feet  in  measurement  is  occupied,  and  a  choice  and  varied  stock  is  there  carried,  the  estimated  value  of  which  is 
$1,000.  The  shop  is  a  very  neat  one,  a  fact  which  is  perhaps  of  but  little  moment  in  itself  but  which  is  characteristic  of  everything  handled 
by  the  house,  which  maintains  its  rapidly  but  well-won  reputation  for  the  best  and  most  rehable  of  workmanship  and  high-grade  and  dura- 
ble material,  in  a  manner  which  augurs  well  for  its  future,  and  bids  fair  to  gain  for  it  a  business  of  even  larger  proportions.  Mr.  Wucherer  is 
a  middle  aged  gentleman  whose  honorable  business  principles  are  in  strict  keeping  with  the  thoroughness  of  his  technical  and  mechanical 
knowledge. 


High  Bridge. 

RICHARD  K.  COOKE,  Wrought  and  Cast  Iron  Pipe  and  Fittings,  Etc.,  No.  48  Centre  Street.— Enterprisingly  and  ably  directed  by  a 
thoroughly  practical  workman  of  twelve  years'  experience  in  the  trade,  gained  with  Messrs.  Pancost  &  Rogers,  and  with  Mr.  E. 
Rutzler.  respectively,  the  enterprise  of  Mr.  Richard  K.  Cooke,  as  a  dealer  in  wrought  and  cast  iron  pipe  and  fittings,  steam,  gas  and 
plumbers'  supplies,  initiated  in  September.  1890,  has  already  struck  firm  root,  and  is  taking  its  growth  with  a  rapidity  which 
exceeds  even  the  proprietor's  most  sanguine  expectations.  Greatly  promotive  of  this  has  been  the  possession  of  the  "  American  Pipe 
Hanger.-'  an  ingenuous  contrivance  for  readily,  inexpensively,  and  securely  hanging  pipes,  which  is  Mr.  Cooke's  own  invention,  and  for 
which  he  obtained  a  patent.  The  premises  occupied  consist  of  a  ground  floor.  25  x  100  feet  in  Expanse,  extending  from  No.  48  Centre  Street 
to  Park  Street,  containing  a  very  full  and  comprehensive  stock  of  pipes,  fittings,  etc.,  and  a  thoroughly  representative  assortment  of 
heaters  and  boilers,  which  are  also  extensively  handled.  In  each  line  the  goods  carried  are  distinctly  first  class,  and  the  business  done  is  an 
exceptionally  brisk  one,  the  proprietor,  who  is  of  New  York  birth,  being  not  only  experienced  in  the  trarle.  and  therefore  well  qualified  to 
provide  in  a  complete  and  thorough  manner  for  the  requirements  in  each  branch,  but  also  notably  business  like,  energetic  and  pushing,  con- 
sidering no  trouble  too  great  to  gain  the  unqualified  satisfaction  of  patrons,  and  omitting  no  opportunity  to  procure  goods  of  reliable  quality 
at  the  closest  cut  rates.    He  is  a  young  man,  and  is  generally  popular. 


200  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

HJ.  BAKER  &  BRO.,  Manufacturers  of  Chemical  Fertilizers,  Refined  Camphor,  Fertilizing  Materials,  Refined  Borax,  Refined  Salt- 
peter, Proprietors  of  the  East  India  Chemical  and  Fertilizer  Works,  No.  215  Pearl  Street.— Forty  odd  years  or  more  of  uninter- 
rupted prosperity  marks  the  history  of  the  widely  known  firm  of  H.  J.  Baker  &  Bro..  proprietors  of  the  East  India  Chemical  and 
•  Fertilizer  Works,  and  importers  of  shellac,  nitrate  of  soda,  plumbago,  chlorate  of  potash,  etc.,  No.  215  Pearl  Street.  The  concern 
is  one  of  the  oldest  ami  leading  in  the  line  indicated  in  New  York,  and  maiuiains  a  reputation  for  quality  of  goods  and  rehability 
in  dealing  second  to  none  in  the  trade.  Many  years  ago  the  justly  famed  brands  of  castor  oil,  "  Baker's  "  AA  "  "  and  "  Crystal "  brands  which 
the  trade  have  known  and  appreciated  for  very  many  years,  have  certainly,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States,  taken  pre- 
cedence over  all  other  brands.  Lately,  however,  this  part  of  their  business  has  been  formed  for  purposes  of  convenience,  into  a  stock  com- 
pany, the  members  of  the  firm  being  the  stockholders.  They  manufacture  refined  camphor,  refined  borax,  saltpeter  and  kindred  prepara- 
tions, and  their  productions  are  in  extensive  and  increasing  demand  throughout  the  entire  country.  This  firm  also  manufacture  a  class  of 
chemical  fertilizers  and  fertilizing  materials  of  a  distinctly  meritorious  character,  while  they  import  quite  extensively  also,  a  Hue  of  high- 
grade  chemicals  for  fertilizing  purposes,  etc.,  and,  altogether,  the  business  of  the  house  is  exceedingly  large.  The  Baker  Castor  Oil  Com- 
pany's factory  is  in  Jersey  City  and  is  most  complete,  having  an  immense  capacity  for  turning  out  castor  oil,  and  having  every  nnprovement 
requisite  for  making  a  fine  and  handsome  product.  It  is  situated  very  near  the  water  front,  also,  very  near  the  railroads,  so  that  the 'ship- 
ping facilities  are  excellent.  Their  factory  for  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers,  etc.,  is  in  Brooklyn,  conveniently  situated  on  the  Gowanus 
Canal.  The  facilities  for  shipping  and  receiving  by  water  are  excellent.  The  property  comprises  thirty-seven  city  lots,  and  their  factories 
are  magnificently  adapted  for  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers,  etc.,  being  replete  with  powerful  machinery  and  all  the  latest  improvements 
known.  The  works  are  capacious  and  completely  equipped,  the  manufacturing  facilities  being  ample  and  excellent,  and  employment  is 
furnished  there  to  a  large  force.  The  premises  occupied  as  office  and  salesrooms  comprise  a  25  x  100  ground  floor  and  basement,  and  are 
well  ordered  in  every  respect,  while  a  full  staff  of  clerks,  salesmen,  porters,  etc.,  are  here  employed.  A  very  large  and  first-class  assort- 
ment is  constantly  kept  on  hand,  and  the  stock,  which  is  of  a  comprehensive  character,  includes  refined  camphor,  refined  saltpeter,  refined 
borax,  chemical  fertilizers  and  fertilizing  materials  in  great  variety,  German  potash  salts,  shellac,  plumbago,  nitrate  of  soda,  chlorate  of 
potash  and  everything  in  this  line.  Every  article  sold  by  this  reliable  house  is  fully  warranted,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  maintained  at  the 
very  lowest  consistent  figures.  This  flourishing  business  was  eslabhshed  in  1850,  and  has  always  been  conducted  under  the  firm  name  that 
heads  this  sketch,  although  the  founders  have  been  dead  for  some  time.  Messrs.  H.  J.  Braker  and  W.  D.  Faris,  the  present  members  of  the 
firm,  are  gentlemen  iu  the  prime  of  life  and  natives  of  this  city. 

TW.  McGOWAN,  Jr.,  Commission  fllerchant  and  Dealer  in  Hops  and  Malt,  Nos.  36-38  Whitehall  Street.— T.  W.  McGowan,  Jr.,  Com- 
mission merchant  and  dealer  in  hops  and  malt,  has  been  established  in  the  business  here  since  1867,  and  possesses  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  every  phase  and  feature  of  the  hop  trade.  His  connections  and  facilities,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  are  of  the  most 
*  superior  character,  enabling  him  to  obtain  his  supplies  of  foreign  and  domestic  hops  direct  from  tlie  best  growers,  while  he  at  all 
times  makes  liberal  advances  on  consignments.  He  is  also  a  recognized  authority  as  regards  the  grades  and  qualities  of  hops,  and  a 
test  by  him  is  quite  sufficient  to  deternune  the  value  and  standard  of  any  particular  lot.  Mr.  McGowan  is  especially  prominent  in  trade  cir- 
cles as  sole  agent  in  this  country  for  the  sale  of  the  Foreign  Hop  Lupuline.  As  a  paitial  substitute  for  hops,  Lupuline  cannot  be  equaled. 
When  it  is  used  with  hops  the  beer  turns  out  as  good  as  any  in  the  market,  and  is  guaranteed  to  keep  sound  through  all  seasons.  It  is  recom- 
mended to  be  used  in  the  proportion  of  one-third  or  one-fourth  of  the  hops  ordinarily  used.  In  breweries  where  it  is  used  the  yeast  has 
improved  in  quantity  and  quality;  the  beers  consequently  are  bright  and  free  from  the  least  taint  of  acidity.  As  a  commission  merchant 
and  dealer,  Mr.  McGowan  has  a  connection  and  trade  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  He  numbers  among  his  permanent  cus- 
tomers many  of  the  most  eminent  brewers  in  the  country.  Mr.  McGowan  is  also  sole  importer  and  manufacturer  of  Mineralline  for  piano 
and  organ  actions,  also  for  electrotypers  and  all  lubricating  purposes,  on  any  kind  of  machinery.  Mineralline  is  a  most  valuable  article 
for  piano  and  organ  manufacturers,  and  is  used  by  the  largest  firms  in  the  country.  It  is  also  used  for  lubricating  wood  bearings.  Mr. 
McGowan  is  a  native  and  well-known  resident  of  Kings  County,  N.  Y.,  in  the  prime  of  life,  a  member  of  the  United  States  Brewers'  and 
Malsters'  Association,  and  both  as  regards  enterprise  and  integrity,  he  justly  merits  the  high  reputation  to  which  he  has  permanently 
attained. 

r^AMES  B.  CRAFT,  Engineer  and  Contractor,  No.  74  Cortlandt  Street.— An  industry  of  widely  recognized  importance  in  its  range  of 
—,^1  application  is  that  so  ably  represented  by  James  B.  Craft,  of  No.  74  Cortlandt  Street,  under  the  head  of  engineer  and  contractor, 
\^  I  and  patentee  and  builder  of  the  "  Craft"  ice  and  refrigerating  machine,  and  dealer  in  engines,  boilers,  pumps  and  steam  specialities. 
I  I  Mr.  Craft,  who  is  regarded  by  competent  judges  as  one  of  the  leading  and  most  expert  engineers  in  this  city,  has  been  established  a 
number  of  years,  and  was  formerly  located  at  No.  92  Liberty  Street.  The  growth  of  liis  business  called  for  more  extended  quarters, 
and  Mr.  Craft  sought  his  present  ample  location.  He  takes  contracts  in  all  parts  of  the  country  to  build  machinery,  and  furnishes  all  appli- 
ances for  carrj'ing  out  the  same.  Everything  incident  to  the  line  of  industry  is  done  in  the  best  manner,  and  a  large  force  of  skilled  work- 
men is  employed  by  Mr.  Craft  in  the  consummation  of  his  duties.  The  "  Craft "  ice  and  refrigerating  machine  is  classed  among  the  most 
noted  and  valuable  improvements  of  the  day,  and  in  this  particular  specialty  Mr.  Craft  has  made  a  desirable  advance.  His  engines,  pumps, 
boilers  and  steam  specialties  are  all  of  the  latest  designs  and  the  best  make,  and  give  universal  satisfaction.  Mr.  Craft,  who  is  a  resident  of 
New  Jersey,  is  a  practical  and  skillful  exponent  of  the  engineers'  and  contractors'  calling  and  widely  esteemed  in  business  circles  for  the 
sterling  principles  evinced  in  the  conduct  of  his  justly  successful  enterprise. 

BD.  HASELL  &  CO..  Manufacturers'  Agents,  and  Dealers  in  Railway  Supplies,  Rails.  Equipment,  Tires,  Steel,  Blooms.  Metals  and 
Machinery.  No.  66  Pine  Street. —The  immense  railroad  system  of  the  country,  growing  in  extent  and  equipment  with  rapid  strides, 
with  eacii  succeeding  year,  is  the  means,  more  or  less  direct,  of  bringing  to  the  front  ranks  of  tlie  trade,  a  number  of  the  more 
*  enterprising  firms  engaged  as  agents  for  manufacturers  of  railroad  supplies;  and  this  rightful  self-assertion  is  observabje  in  no 
more  marked  degree  than  with  the  reliable  house  of  Messrs.  B.  D.  Hasell  &  Co.,  manufacturers'  agents  and  dealers  in  rail- 
way supplies,  rails,  equipment,  tires,  steel,  blooms,  metals  and  machmery,  located  at  No.  66  Pine  Street.  This  business  was  established  in 
1886,  the  present  partners  being  Mr.  Bentley  D.  Hasell  and  Mr.  James  W.  Quintard;  and  upon  the  former  gentleman  devolves  the  sole  propri- 
etary management,  Mr.  Quintard,  being  a  special  partner.  Its  steady  progression  to  the  front  ranks  of  the  trade  is  the  immediate  effect  of 
the  many  facilities  at  its  command  for  obtaining  from  reliable  manufacturers,  the  many  goods  requisite  to  railroad  construction  and  effect- 
ual maintenance,  as  well  as  the  unqualified  satLsfactiou  it  is  enabled  to  give  to  contractors,  railroad  corporations  and  others,  by  f  urnislung 
them  with  a  full  line  of  supplies  of  the  most  reliable  manufacture,  on  terms  and  conditions  alike  favorable  and  straightforward.  With 
these  two  classes  of  trades,  the  firm  is  held  in  the  highest  repute,  they  being  accorded  unlimited  confidence  and  enduring  support,  from 
wholesale  consumers  in  all  the  principal  seats  of  industry  throughout  the  country,  orders  reaching  the  firm  chiefly  by  means  of  correspon- 
dence through  the  mail.  A  due  executive  staff  of  three  efficient  assistants  is  retained  for  the  clerical  duties  incidental  to  the  undertaking; 
and  the  offices  at  the  location  above  noted,  are  provided  with  every  facility  for  expediting  the  transaction  of  the  important  trade  controlled. 
Both  Mr.  Hasell  and  his  special  partner.  Mr.  Quintard,  are  native  Americans,  and  are  well-known  business  men  and  very  popular. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  201 

p-|p     CLARK  CURTIN.  No.   34    \VhitehaIl  Street,  Cable   Telephone   "404  John."— New    York    is    ably  maintainiug    her  supremacy  in 

I         every  branch  of    the  export   trade.    Representative  among  her  principal  houses  that  are  materially  increasing  this   volume  of 

\@J  I        trade  is    that   of  Mr.  J.  Clark  Curtin.    This    house  supplies  railway  companies  in  Buenos  Ayres  and  Montevideo  with  railroad 

II*  iron,  oils,  grease  and  a  full  line  of   supplies,  and  operate  a   Iiranch  office  in  Buenos  Ayres.    The  business  was  established  in 

Buenos  Ayres   in  1885,  and  the  branch  in  New  York  was  estal.lisihfd  in  1887.      Tlie   head  of  the  house,  Mr.  Curtin,  now  resides 

at  Buenos  Ayres,   and    has  placed  the   management  of  the  business  in   this   city  in  the  hands  of  Mr.   Thomas  Richardson,  who  is   fully 

conversant  with   every  detail  of    this  important  trade.      He    effects   large   purchases   of  railway    supplies   at   the  most  advantageous 

rates,  and  ships  them  to  South  American  ports  in  immense  quantities,  while  offering  the  rarest  inducements  as  regards  terms  and  prices. 

Quality  is  ever  the  first  consideration,  and  they  are  supplying  the  best  goods  in  their  line,  and  fast  becoming  an  important  factor  in  the 

commerce  of  this  country.    Mr.  Curtin  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  while  Mr.  Richardson  was  born  in   England,  and  came  to  New  York  in 

1865.    Both  gentlemen  are  exponents  of  the  strictest  principles  of  commercial  integrity. 

BJIRGER  BROTHERS,  Importers  and  Manufacturers  of  Advertising  Novelties,  Etc.,  No.  63  Reade  Street.— Many  are  the  facilities 
—essentially  peculiar  to  themselves— that  are  possessed  by  the  responsible  house  of  Messrs.  Berger  Brothers  of  No.  63  Reade 
I  Street  for  obtaining  direct,  the  several  different  lines  of  goods  so  extensively  handled  by  them,  chief  among  which  are 
advertising  novelties  of  every  description.  In  this  connection,  the  firm  act  as  the  duly  accredited  general  agents  for  Euro- 
pean houses,  among  others  being  some  eminent  prmters,  in  Bavaria.  Saxony,  Prussia,  etc.,  as  well  as  being  sole  agents  for 
the  celebrated  European  oleographs.  They  also  pubhsh  every  year  from  four  to  six  editions  of  entirely  new  subjects  suitable  for 
the  advertising  trade  and  controlled  by  Berger  Bros.  From  these  important  sources  of  foreign  supply,  the  firm  import  direct,  pictorial 
books,  show  cards,  chromo  and  sheet  goods,  oleographs,  as  well  as  all  kinds  of  advertising  novelties,  while  the  "World  Views,"  of  which 
over  a  quarter  of  a  million  were  sold  in  1890,  hangers  and  frames,  also  come  within  the  comprehensive  scope  of  the  enterprise.  The  busi. 
ness  was  initiated  in  1882,  by  the  present  proprietors,  Messrs.  Oscar  and  Gustave  Berger,  on  Broadway,  whence  it  was  removed  two  years 
ago  to  its  present  location.  Since  its  inception  the  house  has  enjoyed  an  unbroken  record  of  popularity  and  success;  its  many  lines  of  goods 
being  of  that  high  artistic  design,  lateness  of  pattern  and  choice  variety  and  quality,  that  have  been  mainly  instrumental  in  accruing  to  it, 
the  extensive  and  flourishing  trade  it  now  controls,  reaching  to  all  the  chief  commercial  centres  throughout  the  Union  and  Canada;  and 
being  materially  augmented  in  its  volume  by  the  efforts  of  four  traveling  salesmen  who  are  constantly  out  in  the  firm's  interests.  Mr.  O- 
Berger  spends  most  of  his  time  in  traveling  for  the  interests  of  the  house,  visiting  all  the  large  factories  and  advertisers,  and  is  known  in 
almost  every  city  in  the  Union.  Mr.  G.  Berger  is  the  buyer  and  home  manager  for  the  concern,  and  goes  to  Europe  for  new  designs  and 
novelties,  and  arrangements  have  been  made  by  the  firm  to  represent  some  of  the  European  manufactures  at  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago 
in  1893.  The  premises  occupied,  consist  of  three  spacious  floors — the  tliird,  fourth  and  fifth,  at  the  location  indicated,  used  as  store,  and  sales- 
room, being  well  fitted  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  the  brisk  trade  carried  on,  and  a  staff  of  some  thirty  duly  qualified  assistants  being  regularly 
employed.  A  very  heavy  and  carefully  selected  stock  of  chromos.  cards,  oleographs,  hangers  and  frames,  advertising  novelties  of  every 
description,  as  well  as  of  the  many  other  lines  of  goods  handled,  is  always  carried;  their  prices  commanding  a  ready  turnover  and  their 
<iuality  guaranteeing  satisfaction  in  each  case.    Messrs.  Oscar  and  Gustave  Berger  are  both  of  German  birth,  and  came  to  this  city  in  1883. 

rrr      R-  "^'-^^^  NEST  &  CO..  (Established  1795),  Fine  Horse  Goods,  No.  130  Chambers  Street  and  No.  50  Warren  Street.— This  is  the 
fl        very  oldest  and  the  most  representative  concern  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  and  for  almost  an  entire  century  has  been  a  prominent 
/    I        factor  in  the  trade.    The  firm,  who  import  direct  from  England,  handle  only  the  very  finest  productions,  while  they  turn  out  a  class 
J  of  work  of  exceptional  excellence  from  their  factory  at  Newark.  New  Jersey,  and  every  article  leaving  this  establishment  is  war- 

ranted as  to  workmanship  and  material.  They  are  agents  for  J.  T.  McKerron's  California  racing  boots,  and  also  for  several  noted 
English  saddlers,  and  their  business,  which  is  of  a  most  substantial  character,  grows  apace  with  years,  selling  the  first>-class  trade  through- 
out the  United  States.  The  firm  occupy  as  office,  salesrooms,  etc.,  three  spacious  floors  and  basement,  running  through  from  Chambers 
Street  to  Warren,  with  commodious  manufacturing  premises  in  connection,  besides  completely  equipped  with  steam,  machinery,  etc..  and 
employ  forty  as  a  staff,  all  told,  here,  in  addition  to  a  large  force  of  expert  hands  at  the  factory  in  Newark.  The  various  departments  are 
■well  appointed  and  excellently  arranged,  everything  about  the  concern  bespeaking  order  and  admirable  management,  and  the  proprietors 
exercise  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail  of  the  business.  A  vast,  varied  and  exceedingly  fine  assortment  is  constantly  carried  on 
hand,  the  stock,  which  is  of  a  most  comprehensive  character,  comprising  celebrated  English  racing  saddles,  and  accessories,  ladies'  and  gen- 
tlemen's riding  saddles,  bridles  and  kindred  articles,  high-class  equestrian  outfits  generally,  handsome  carriage,  cart  and  buggy  harness  of 
every  description;  horse  blankets  and  sheets,  lap-robes,  nets,  etc.,  horse  boots  and  leather  specialties,  coach  and  riding  whips,  halters,  sur- 
cingles, martingales,  jockeys'  sundries,  chamois  skins,  sponges,  curry  combs,  brushes  and  a  multifarious  collection  of  goods  in  this  line,  and 
all  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  The  prices  quoted  are  invariably  the  lowest  figures  consistent  with  quality  of  material  and  character  of 
workmanship,  only  strictly  first-class  goods  being  offered  for  sale  here,  and  relations  once  entered  into  with  this  time-tried  and  responsible 
house  are  reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  a  permanent  busmess  connection.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1795  by  Abraham 
Van  Nest  (grand-uncle  of  the  present  senior  member),  and  some  years  later  the  firm  name  became  A.  R.  Van  Nest  &  Co.,  under  which  style 
it  has  since  been  conducted  with  uninterrupted  success.  The  individual  members  now  are  Alexander  T.  Van  Nest,  who  has  been  in  the  firm 
a  quarter  of  a  «entury,  and  J.  Newton  Van  Ness,  a  partner  for  the  past  ten  years. 

r-w-  NEWTON  VAN  NESS  &  CO..  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Fine  Horse  Goods,  No.  120  Chambers  Street.— J.  Newton  Van  Ness 
^_.  I  &  Co.,  are  widely  and  favorably  known  all  over  the  United  States,  supplying  all  the  noted  racing  stables  in  America.  They  are 
©  I  manufacturers  and  importers  of  fine  horse  goods,  harness,  polo  outfits,  etc.,  and  their  patronage,  which  is  at  once  extensive  and  of 
1  I  •  a  most  desirable  character,  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  substantial  increase,  their  trade,  which  is  principally  of  a  retail  nature, 
reaching  throughout  the  entire  continent.  This  popular  and  prosperous  firm  was  established  some  four  years  ago.  and  the  positive  and 
permanent  success  that  has  attended  the  enterprise  from  the  start,  abundantly  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  superiority  of  the  productions  made  and  handled  by  them.  They  make  a  specialty  of  English  turf  goods,  jockey  outfits  and  high-grade 
carriage  harness,  turning  out  a  notably  fine  class  of  work,  and  every  article  sold  by  them  is  guaranteed  to  be  A  No.  1.  The  quarters  occu- 
pied for  business  purposes  on  Chambers  Street  are  commodious,  ample  and  thoroughly  equipped,  and  a  splendid  assortment  is  here  dis- 
played, while  efficient  clerks  and  salesmen  are  in  attendance,  the  stock,  which  is  very  complete,  includes  racing,  riding  and  sidesaddles, 
bridles,  halters,  McKerron's  horse  boots,  etc.,  superb  harness  in  great  variety,  everything  comprehended  in  polo  outfits,  blankets,  sheets 
robes,  whips,  stable  specialties,  jockey  supplies  and,  in  short,  fine  horse  goods  of  every  description.  The  prices  prevailing,  too,  are  the  very 
lowest  at  which  the  goods  can  be  sold  for,  and  all  orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  communications 
by  telephone  receiving  prompt  response.  Messrs.  J.  Newton  Van  Ness  and  Alex  T.  Van  Nest,  who  compose  this  firm,  also  constitute  the 
personnel  of  the  firm  of  A.  R.  Van  Nest  &  Co.,  doing  business  at  the  same  address. 


202  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


©p* 


HE  ROBERT  S.  GOULD  CO.,  Brass  Goods  Manufacturers,  Nos.  261  and  263  Canal  Street.— The  very  prominent  and  flourishing  manu- 
facturing concern  known  as  The  Robert  S.  Gould  Company  since  its  incorporation  under  that  title  five  years  ago,  was  founded  by 
the  gentleman  whose  name  it  bears  in  1876,  and  continued  under  his  control  until  the  date  of  his  deatli  in  1886.  Upon  its  inaugura- 
tion as  a  stock  company,  Jlr.  Jas.  Jackson  became  its  president;  Mr.  C.  W.  Lawrence,  its  treasurer,  and  Mr.  Harry  Reubel,  its  sec- 
retary; and,  under  their  talented,  alert,  and  experienced  guidance,  the  high  prestige  it  erstwhile  enjoyed  has  been  fully  sustained. 


The  scope  ot  the  company's  industrial  operations  embrace  the  manufacture  of  curtain  poles,  stair  rods,  upholstery  and  carpet  hardware  of 
all  kinds,  and  the  production  of  a  great  variety  of  cabinet  and  other  brass  goods,  for  which  purpose  it  has  a  fine  three-story  factory  on 
Forty-third  Street,  provided  with  all  modern  machinery,  organized  in  a  very  perfect  manner,  and  manned  by  a  large  staff  of  competent 
workmen.  As  office  and  salesroom  a  spacious  ground  floor— no  less  than  uO  x  2.50  feet  in  expanse—is  occupied  at  Nos.  261  and  263  Canal 
Street,  which  fronts  also  on  Howard  Street,  and  is  supplemented  by  a  commodious  basement.  Here  a  most  handsome  display  is  made  of 
the  beautifully  finished  and  artistically  designed  specialties  of  the  house,  and  a  very  heavy  and  complete  stock  is  carried  to  enable  it 
promptly  to  fill  orders  from  the  trade— with  whom  it  alone  deals— constantly  reaching  it  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  abroad, 
either  through  its  numerous  commercial  travelers  or  direct  by  mail.  The  executive  officers,  whose  names  have  been  mentioned,  are  all  old 
residents  and  well  known  business  men  of  New  York. 

THE  MORRIS  EUROPEAN  AND  AMERICAN  EXPRESS  COMPANY,  (LIMITED),  Nos.  18  and  20  Broadway.— Probably  the  largest 
and  oldest  established  European  and  American  express  business  in  this  city,  is  that  of  The  Morris  European  and  American  Express 
Company,  (limited)  located  at  Nos.  18  and  20  Broadway.  The  business  which  this  company  has  so  successfully  maintained  since  its 
incorporation,  was  established  in  1858,  by  Mr.  L.  W.  Morris,  who  was  succeeded  by  Messrs.  L.  W.  Morris  and  Son,  and  they,  again, 
by  the  present  company  in  1889,  it  being  then  duly  enrolled  as  a  corporate  body,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York.  The 
premises  in  this  city,  at  the  location  indicated,  consist  ot  a  basement  floor,  25  x  90  feet  in  dimensions,  and  are  fitted  with  every  con- 
venience for  facilitating  the  expeditious  handling  of  the  goods— of  the  most  heterogeneous  nature— which  pass  through  the  company's 
hands  from  time  to  time.  The  receiving  from  and  forwarding  to  all  parts  of  the  globe,  of  merchandise,  machinery,  works  of  art.  musical 
instruments,  personal  and  other  luggage  and  miscellaneous  packages  of  every  description  are  undertaken;  the  quickest  and  safest  means  of 
transportation  being  ensured  in  each  instance;  and  for  the  furtherance  of  patrons,  best  interests,  and  to  ensure  expedition  and  complete 
satisfaction,  duly  accredited  agents  are  established  in  all  the  principal  cities  and  commercial  centers  of  the  world.  The  company  was  incoi* 
porated  with  a  capital  of  S50,000  and  besides  their  regular  foreign  express  business,  they  act  as  general  forwarders  and  custom  house 
brokers,  and  possess  every  facility  for  duly  carrying  out  the  duties  incidental  to  these  callings.  The  officers  who  are  responsible  for  the 
sound  direction  of  every  detail  of  this  extensive  and  highly  enterprising  undertaking,  are  Mr.  L.  W.  Morris,  a  native  of  Germany,  with  a 
residence  in  this  city  of  thirty-seven  years;  president,  Mr.  William  O.  Hempstead,  a  native  and  resident  of  Philadelphia,  first  vice-president 
and  Mr,  A.  .B.  de  Frece,  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  and  a  present  resident  here,  second  vice-president  and  managing  director. 

BRENTWOOD  P.\RK  IMPROVEMENT  COMPANY',  No.  280  Broadway.— The  suburban  districts  of  NewY'ork.  as  well  as  city  property 
itself,  is  rapidly  increasing  in  value,  and  more  and  more  attracting  the  attention  of  judicious  investors  and  capitalists  to  its  lasting 
advantages.  There  is  no  place,  among  the  various  locations  from  which  to  choose,  that  offers  more  substantial  attractions  and  is  so 
invitingly  pleasant  as  Brentwood  Park,  located  on  the  line  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  forty  miles  from  city  hall,  or  about  an  hour's 
ride  from  the  metropolis.  Half  a  mile  from  Brentwood  Station  is  the  famous  Austral  Hotel,  which  has  two  hundred  rooms  with  fires 
and  all  comforts  and  modern  improvements  in  them,  and  where  guests  can  have  unsurpassed  board  at  $5.00  a  day.  Brentwood  Park  owes 
its  prosperity  and  increasing  popularity  to  the  Brentwood  Park  Improvement  Company,  whose  offlce  is  at  No.  280  Broadway.  This  company 
was  organized  and  incoi-porated  two  years  ago,  witli  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  and  has  the  following  gentlemen  for  officers:  president. 
Edward  F.  Cummings,  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company;  treasurer,  \Vm.  A.  Collingwood,  lumber  merchant;  secretary  and  mana- 
ger, John  H.  Blake ;  attorney,  John  B.  Sabine,  attorney-at-law.  The  company  own  700  acres  of  land  at  Brentwood  Park,  which  has  been 
appropriately  divided  into  building  lots,  and  it  is  offered  for  sale  at  from  $10.00  to  $150.00  a  lot,  according  to  location.  The  prices  are  re- 
markably low,  and  sales  are  made  for  cash  only.  A  perfect  title  is  guaranteed  all  buyers,  and  any  investments  made  in  Brentwood  property 
are  certain  to  afford  permanent  satisfaction.  Mr.  Blake,  the  energetic  manager  of  the  company,  is  at  all  times  pleased  to  receive  visitors 
and  to  afford  all  information  desired  regarding  the  lands  offered  for  sale. 

FROSE  &  CO.,  Starch  Commission  Merchants,  No.  158  Chambers  Street.— The  metropolis  is  the  recognized  center  of  trade  for  all  sta- 
ple products,  both  export  and  home  consumption,  and  among  the  representative  commission  houses  is  that  of  Messrs.  F.  Rose  & 
Co.,  located  at  No.  158  Chambers  Street.  This  fifm  are  deservedly  foremost  in  their  line  as  Starch  Commission  Merchants,  hand- 
•  ling  corn  starch,  wheat  starch  and  potato  starch,  for  home  and  export  trade.  They  established  their  business  here  in  1880,  conduct- 
ing its  affairs  upon  a  scale  of  increasing  magnitude,  and  largely  to  the  development  of  the  city's  interest  in  this  line.  They  bring 
ample  resources  and  influential  connections  to  bear,  and  are  noted  on  both  continents  for  handling  the  most  reliable  goods  and  for  offering 
the  rarest  inducements  as  regards  both  quality  and  price.  They  are  especially  prominent  in  trade  circles  as  agents  for  the  National  Starch 
Company's  goods,  which  corporation  has  twenty-one  different  factories  in  this  country.  This  firm  are  thus  enabled  to  count  upon  an  ade- 
quate supply  at  all  times,  and  to  guarantee  the  prompt  and  perfect  fulflllment  of  all  orders  and  commissions.  They  have  also  achieved  the 
highest  of  reputations  tor  the  excellent  condition  in  which  their  goods  reach  European  ports,  and  they  are  thus  able  to  compete  successfully 
with  the  largest  manufacturers  and  shippers  across  the  water.  Their  trade  is  annually  increasing  in  volume  and  importance  upon  the  legiti- 
mate basis  of  supply  and  demand,  and  their  goods  are  justly  recognized  as  standards  in  both  home  and  foreign  markets.  The  activity  and 
enterprise  of  this  reputable  house  need  not  be  recounted  here,  since  its  merits  are  fully  recognized  both  in  the  home  and  export  trade,  and 
New  York  may  well  be  congratulated  on  the  possession  of  so  eminent  a  house  in  this  staple  branch  of  trade.  The  individual  members  of  the 
firm  are  Messrs.  Fredrick  Rose  and  B.  Josephson.  Mr.  Josephson  is  a  native  and  well-known  citizen  of  Brooklyn,  while  Mr.  Rose  was  born 
in  Austria,  and  came  to  this  city  twenty  years  ago.  Both  are  in  the  early  prime  of  hfe,  energetic  and  alert  in  method,  reliable  and  responsi- 
ble in  their  dealings,  and  members  of  the  Merchantile  Excliange,  ever  according  a  hearty  support  to  all  measures  best  calculated  to  advance- 
the  permanent  welfare  and  prosperity  of  that  institution. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


203 


ySHER  &  OSBORNE,  Manufacturers'  Agents,  Crockery,  Glassware  and  Lamps,  New  York  Office,  No.  96  Church  Street.— Messrs.  Usher 
&  Osborne,  are  manufacturers'  agents  for  tlie  sale  of  crockery,  glassware  and  lamps,  with  otHce  and  salesroom  conveniently  sit- 
uated at  No.  96  Church  Street,  and  headquarters  located  at  No.  89  Pearl  Street,  Boston.  They  represent  the  following: 
Northwood  Glass  Co.,  Martins' Ferry,  O.,  artistic  blown  table  waie  and  art  glasswaie;  Standard  Glass  Works,  Wellsburg,  W.  Va., 
colored  globes,  shades,  etc. ;  Excelsior  Flint  Glass  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  lamp  chimneys;  Specialty  Glass  Co.,  East  Liverpool,  O.,  elec- 
trical and  druggists'  ware;  Mayer,  Arsenal  Pottery  Co.,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  majolica;  Atterbury  &  Co.,  Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  tablewai'e  and  novelties; 
Model  Flint  Glass  Co.,  Findlay,  O.,  Hint  tableware  and  bar  goods;  Crystal  Glass  Co.,  Bridgeport,  O.,  crystal  tableware;  J.  W.  Crosall  &  Sons, 
East  Liverpool,  O.,  yellow  and  Rockingham  ware;  Robert  Slimmon,  New  York,  for  C.  Challinor  &  Co.,  Fenton,  Eng. ;  A.  J.  Wilkinson,  Bur- 
slem,  Eng. ;  and  altogether  Messi's.  Usher  &  Osborne  have  an  extensive  and  steadily  increasing  business.  This  enteT']irising  and  well  known 
firm  was  established  in  1883,  in  Boston,  opening  the  New  Y'ork  branch,  (which  is  under  the  efficient  management  of  A.  G.  Menzies)  soon 
after.  The  quarters  occupied  at  No.  96  Church  Street  are  commodious,  ample  and  well  appointed,  several  clerks  and  salesmen  being 
here  employed,  in  addition  to  a  number  of  representatives  on  the  road  (some  half  a  dozen  of  whom  are  from  the  Boston  house),  and  a  large, 
first-class  sample  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand.  The  lirm  quote  the  lowest  manufacturers'  prices,  and  offer  the  most  liberal  inducements 
to  the  trade,  being  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  above  indicated  at  exceptionally  favorable  terms;  and  relations  once 
entered  into  with  these  gentlemen  are  certain  to  lead  to  an  enduring  business  connection.  Mr.  Menzies,  their  representative  in  this  city,  is 
a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth.  He  is  a  young  man  of  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  of  enei'gy  and  business 
ability,  deservedly  esteemed  in  mercantile,  social  and  military  circles,  and  is  an  active  member  of  the  Twelfth  Reg't,  N.  Y.  S.  N.  G.,  the  A.  L. 
of  H.  and  other  associations. 


CKN'lltAL    I'AUK      ThF    l..\KK. 

PIERCE  &  THOMAS,  Manufacturers'  Agents,  No.  42  Cortlandt  Street.— New  Y'ork  has  no  better  source  of  supply  in  the  important  lines 
of  steam-engines  and  boilers,  rock  breakers  and  ore  crushers,  than  that  afforded  by  the  agency  of  Messrs.  Piei-ce  &  Thomas,  located 
at  No.  42  Cortlandt  Street.  This  firm  are  prominent  in  the  industrial  world  as  agents  for  the  Young-Brennan  Crusher  Company, 
manufacturers  of  the  Brennan  Rock  Breaker  and  Ore  Crusher  ;  Mcintosh,  Seymour  &  Co.,  builders  of  horizontal,  self-contained 
automatic  cut-off  engines;  T.  M.  Nayle,  manufacturer  of  portable,  stationacy.  agricultural  and  vertical  steam-engines  and  boilei-s; 
the  Porter  Manufacturing  Co.,  limited,  manufacturers  of  engines  and  boilers;  and  established  their  business  here  in  188T,  succeeding  Y'oung 
&  Thomas,  who  were  established  in  1873.  They  occupy  spacious  and  commodious  salesrooms,  and  carry  a  full  supply  of  the  specialties  they 
represent,  to  the  end  that  no  delay  may  he  experienced  in  the  filling  of  orders.  The  engines  and  boilers  furnished  by  this  reliable  and 
responsible  firm  are  widely  famous  for  their  strength,  simplicity,  durability  and  perfection  of  operations  and  have  no  superiors  in  this  or  any 
other  country.  The  variety  of  makes  and  styles  is  so  great  that  the  needs  and  requirements  of  all  classes  of  buyers  are  readily  suited,  and 
at  terms  and  prices  which  are  safe  from  successful  competition.  Contracts  and  commissions  are  promptly  filled,  and  many  of  the  inciden- 
tal improvements  in  the  engines  and  machinery  supplied  here  are  due  to  the  large  practical  experience  and  close  observation  of  Messrs. 
Pierce  &  Thomas,  who  are  determined  that  perfection  shall  be  as  nearly  attained  as  human  ingenuity  can  possibly  achieve,  in  all  works  sup- 
plied by  them.  They  are  selling  these  valuable  specialties  not  only  to  leading  manufacturers  and  corporations  in  this  city,  but  are  also 
building  up  a  large  and  influential  export  trade  with  many  foreign  countries.  The  co-partners,  Messrs.  Frank  M.  Pierce  and  Robert  I'. 
Thomas,  are  native  New  Yorkers,  and  young  men  of  large  business  experience,  intelligent  enterprise  and  sterling  personal  worth. 


204  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CHAS.  E.  BLISS,  \\TioIesale  Commission  aierchant  in  Eggs,  Butter,  Cheese,  Poultry,  No.  153  ReadeStreet.— The  importance  of  the  business 
in  which  it  is  engaged  and  the  volume  of  trade  which  it  commands  make  the  house  of  Mr.  Chas.  E.  Bliss,  the  wholesale  commission 
merchant,  one  of  the  most  prominent  in  its  lirie  m  this  city.  The  house  was  established  in  1871  on  Washington  Street  and  has  occupied 
the  present  location  for  the  past  nine  years.  The  business  premises  comprise  a  store  and  basement  23  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  fully 
equipped  with  everything  necessary  for  the  convenient  handling  and  proper  preservation  of  goods.  The  basement  is  fitted  up  with  ample 
room  for  the  cold  storage  of  from  2500  to  3000  tubs  of  butter.  Large  consignments  of  butter,  cheese,  eggs,  poultrj-  and  all  farm  products 
are  daily  received  and  promptly  disposed  of  to  the  very  best  advantage,  and  quick  returns  are  made.  No  establishment  in  New  York  enjoys 
more  perfect  facilities  for  securing  and  handling  the  products  in  which  it  deals,  or  covers  a  wider  territory  in  its  transactions.  Mr.  Bliss 
oflfers  the  most  tempting  terms  to  producers  and  shippers,  liberal  advancements  being  made  on  consignments  and  great  zeal  being  mani- 
fested in  the  protection  of  their  interests.  The  produce  commission  industry  bears  an  important  part  in  the  grand  aggregate  of  the  com- 
merce of  New  York  and  judgment  and  experience  of  superior  character  is  required  in  its  successful  prosecution.  Mr.  Bliss  is  possessed  of  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  wants  of  the  trade  and  of  enterprise  and  ability  of  the  highest  order.  The  liberality  of  his  management  and  the 
perfect  system  developed  in  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  house  liave  conspired  to  multiply  the  advantages  it  offers.  Mr.  Ciias.  E.  Bliss 
was  born  in  Cortland  Co.,  N.' Y.,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  about  thirty  years.  He  is  a  progressive,  practical  business  man  of  high 
stai^ding  in  the  favor  of  the  community. 

CHARLES  COLLINS,  Live  Stock,  Pigeons,  Etc.,  Nos.  52  and  54  Jay  Street.— An  industry  which  has  for  one  of  its  missions  the  catering 
to  the  tastes  of  the  wealtliy  in  the  matter  of  their  pastime-s,  has  a  multitude  of  chances  of  winning  the  swift  favors  of  the  genius  of 
Good  Fortune  and  of  becoming  a  flourishing  branch  of  endeavor.  Such  an  industry  is  that  practised  by  Mr.  Charles  Collins  of  Nos. 
52  and  54  Jay  Street,  New  York  City.  Mr.  Collins  makes  a  specialty  of  furnishing  live  pigeons  for  shooting  purposes,  selling 
over  50,000  per  year  to  the  numerous  shooting  clubs  located  round  the  city.  Mr.  Collins  charges  per  pair  for  the  living  birds, 
and  allows  per  dozen  for  dead  ones;  an  examination  of  which  serves  to  prove  the  lucrative  character  of  this  branch  of  Mr.  Col- 
lins' business.  In  addition  to  this  department  Mr.  Collins  carries  on  a  business  as  a  dealer  in  live  calves,  sheep  and  lambs,  and  handles  exten- 
sively all  kinds  of  live  poultry.  He  also  conducts  an  extensive  commission  business,  having  an  influential  connection  among  the  prominent 
stock  raisers  of  the  section,  and  receiving  a  heavy  range  of  consignments  of  pigeons  from  Pennsjivania,  Ohio  and  Illinois.  Mr.  Collins  estab- 
lished himself  in  business  in  the  metropolis  twenty-seven  years  ago,  the  location  of  his  premises  at  the  time  of  his  initiatory  effort  being  in 
West  Washington  Market.  He  has  been  at  his  present  convenient  address  for  over  two  years,  his  business  continuing  to  expand  at  a  healthy 
rate.  The  present  premises  consist  of  a  floor  and  a  basement,  each  covering  an  area  of  1200  square  feet,  which  are  suitably  equipped  for 
the  successful  conduct  of  a  large  wholesale  business  such  as  is  carried  on  by  Mr.  Collins.  Mr.  Collins  is  a  native  of  Mount  Holly,  N.  J., 
and  resides  at  present  in  Jersey  City. 

FRASH  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Champagne,  Wine  Growers  and  Dealers  in  American  Wines  and  Brandies,  Mercantile  Exchange 
Building,  Nos.  87,  89  and  91  Hudson  Street.— Much  of  the  improvement  noticeable  in  California  wines  in  this  city  has  been  due  to 
the  ability  and  enterprise  of  the  house  of  Frash  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  champagne  and  wine  growers,  and  dealers  in  American 
wines  and  brandies,  located  in  Mercantile  Exchange  Building,  Nos.  87,  89  and  91  Hudson  Street,  corner  of  Harrison  Street.  This 
house  has  been  in  successful  operation  for  a  period  of  fifteen  years,  and  has  developed  an  extensive  and  influential  trade  with  jobbers 
throughout  all  the  United  States.  Mr.  Frash,  the  moving  spirit  of  the  enterprise,  has  been  identified  with  the  wine  business  for  forty  years, 
and  planted  the  first  vine  for  raising  grapes  in  Yountville,  California,  where  he  resided  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  recognized  by  the 
trade  as  one  of  the  most  expert  wine  growers  in  this  country,  and  his  champagne,  cased  clarets  and  hock  are  conceded  to  be  the  ne  plus 
ultra  of  fine  American  table  wines,  widely  and  deservedly  noted  for  their  choice  flavor,  tone,  and  health-giving  properties.  He  is  producing 
some  three  hundred  dozen  bottles  per  day  of  the  above  named  specialties,  which  are  retailed  for  one  dollar  per  quart  or  fifty  cents  per  pint. 
Every  article  sold  by  this  responsible  house  is  warranted  as  represented,  quality  and  quantity  being  guaranteed  in  every  instance,  and  orders 
large  or  small  receive  immediate  attention.  Mr.*  Frash  is  a  native  of  Germany,  and  has  resided  in  this  city  for  twenty  years.  He  is  ably 
assisted  in  the  management  of  his  business  here  by  Mr.  F.  Ayers,  who  has  had  an  experience  of  sixteen  years  in  this  line,  and  is  a  gentleman 
of  reliability  and  integrity. 

CB.  PORTER'S  Commission  Agency,  Woodenware,  Acme  Clasp,  Butter  Cloths,  Packages  for  Butter,  Oysters,  Candy,  Tobacco,  Etc., 
No.  101  North  Moore  Street.— In  compiling  a  treatise  upon  the  industrial  prosperity  of  the  American  metropolis  one  finds  it  neces- 
sary to  marshal  the  different  departments  of  human  endeavor  engaged  in  such  city  under  two  important  heads:  those  representa- 
•  tive  and  those  exerting  only  a  minor  influence  upon  the  welfare  of  the  place.  Conspicuous  among  those  ranking  under  the  former 
heading  is  the  reputable  house  of  C.  B.  Porter,  of  No.  101  North  Moore  Street.  Mr.  Porter  has  been  established  in  business  at  his 
present  locality  for  a  period  of  ten  years  past,  during  which  time  he  has  developed  an  extensive  and  valuable  connection  extending  through- 
out the  several  states  of  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  New  England.  The  business  conducted  by  him  consists  of  a  manufact- 
urers' agency  upon  commission,  for  woodenware  articles,  butter  cloths,  packages  for  butter,  oysters,  candy,  tobacco,  etc.,  one  of  his  specialties 
being  an  appliance  known  as  the  "  Acme  "  clasp.  Mr.  Porter  handles  car  lots  of  goods,  shipping  direct  from  the  factories.  The  premises 
occupied  by  the  gentleman  are  located  in  a  most  suitable  district  of  the  city.  They  consist  of  a  floor  and  basement,  each  covering  an  area  of 
2,500  square  feet  and  are  equipped  with  every  necessary  appointment  designed  to  facilitate  the  conduct  of  a  large  and  expanding  business. 
Mr.  Porter  is  a  native  of  Connecticut  but  his  residence  is  in  Newark.  N.  J.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  enjoying  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  all  with  whom  his  business  and  personal  transactions  bring  him  in  touch. 

BJ.  HARAN,  Foreign  Fruits,  No.  262  Washington  Street.— New  York  is  famed  for  the  versatility  of  its  citizens,  and  the  fact  that  this 
inherent  qualification,  with  general  business  aptitude,  is  of  inestimable  value  in  mercantile  affairs,  is  well  illustrated  by  the  grati- 
fying measure  of  success  achieved  by  Mr.  Haran,  as  a  dealer  in  foreign  fruits,  at  No.  263  Washington  Street.  That  gentleman,  who 
inaugurated  his  enterprise  in  1889,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  H.  Smith,  and  became  sole  proprietor  upon  the  retirement  of  the  latter 
in  October  1890,  having  previously  been  a  clerk  in  a  drug  store,  and  proprietor  of  a  pharmacy  for  eighteen  months.  With  rare 
adaptiveness  he  embarked  in  the  present  enterprise,  and  the  record  of  tlie  firm,  so  far,  clearly  demonstrates  that  it  lias  mai-ked  vitality,  and 
the  potency  of  a' very  flourishing  future;  its  transactions  already  reaching  large  proportions.  Foreign  fruits  are  bought  on  the  docks,  and 
the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  stock  earned  is  made  representative  of  the  fruits  from  time  to  time  in  season,  gives  substantial  evidence 
of  the  alertness  of  its  principal,  while  the  figures  quoted  may  be  taken  as  a  reliable  index  of  his  keenness  as  a  buyer,  and  his  appreciation 
of  the  fact  that  to  secure  a  large  annual  turnover,  and  a  corresponding  yearly  net  profit,  small  margins  of  profit  on  each  transaction  are 
evidence  of  the  truest  wisdom.  The  premises  occupied  at  the  address  indicated  consist  of  a  commodious  and  admirably  arranged  and  fitted 
basement,  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  the  whole  of  the  space  thus  afforded  being  utilized  for  the  carrying  of  a  large,  miscellaneous,  and  well- 
selected  stock;  and  the  trade  of  the  house,  though  chiefly  local,  is  of  a  brisk  and  extensive  character,  the  proprietor  being  assisted  by  two 
competent  employees.  Mr.  B.  J.  Haran,  who  is  a  gentleman  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  and  possessed  of  progressive  methods,  is  a  native  of 
New  York. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  205 

VW.  WRIGHT,  Billiard  Expert,  No.  147  Fulton  Street.— There  is  no  man  in  New  York  who  enjoys  a  more  extensive  and  varied 
experience  in  the  line  of  a  billard  expert  than  \V.  W.  Wright,  of  No.  147  Fulton  Street.  He  is  the  proprietor  of  a  finely  fitted 
hall,  35  X  75  feet,  which  is  patronized  by  the  leading  business  and  professional  men  who  enjoy  an  hour  during  the  day 
•  in  recreation.  But  it  is  to  the  interesting  personal  history  ot  Mr.  Wright  that  this  article  points.  He  was  born  at  Fort  Lee  and 
during  the  war  was  in  California  and  the  west,  where  he  became  known  as  one  of  the  noted  crack  shots.  He  has  a  fine  record 
and  is  known  as  the  champion  of  Nevada,  having  played  there  with  "  Tip  "  ArndorfC  and  beaten  him  with  a  run  of  768  points,  the  largest 
record  ever  made  up  to  IMS.  He  has  also  played  with  Slosson,  and  up  to  1868  had  made  an  average  ot  71  points  in  the  four  ball  game,  the  best 
record  at  that  time.  Mr.  Wright  has  a  great  fund  of  billiard  reminiscences  and  is  an  interesting  and  genial  companion  for  an  hour's 
chat  over  the  famous  game.  He  is  a  familiar  figure  at  all  of  the  matches  and  is  classed  as  one  of  the  most  honorable  men  in  this  profes- 
sion. Mr.  Wright  has  the  recently  purchased  old  Edwards  place  at  Pleasure  Bay,  Long  Branch,  where  he  is  putting  up  a  hotel,  called 
as  formerly  the  Old  Riverside  Hotel,  which  has  one  of  the  finest  sights  in  all  that  locaUty,  it  being  situated  on  the  southeast  bank  of 
the  Shrewsbury  River  and  where  he  will  be  pleased  to  see  all  old  friends. 

BOHEJIIAN  GLASS  WORKS,  Manufacturers  of  Homoepathic  Case  and  Sample  Vials,  Glass  Syringes,  Test  Tubes,  Etc.,  No.  814  Pearl 
Street.— In  a  branch  ot  industry  wliich  requires  special  training  of  a  high  order,  technical  knowledge  and  expert  skill,  the 
proprietor  ot  the  well-known  Bohemian  Glass  Works  at  No.  214  Pearl  Street,  has  been  accorded  a  very  large  measure  of  support. 
Almost  from  the  date  of  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  in  1860,  the  business  has  extended,  year  by  year,  in  geographical  area  until  it 
now  embraces  almost  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  and  has  developed  its  ramifications  until  it  now  gives  employment  to  a  staff, 
including  many  of  the  finest  glass  operatives  in  the  city,  the  whole  number  ot  hands  employed  being  twenty.  The  specialties  of  the  house  are 
homoepathic  case  and  sample  vials,  and  the  production  of  chemical  and  philosophical  work  of  all  kinds  and  of  the  most  intricate  description 
and  it  is  the  renown  it  has  achieved  in  this  direction  which  has  played  so  important  a  part  in  rendering  the  establishment  one  which  is  looked 
to  by  experimental  chemists,  scientists,  and  others  in  all  emergencies.  The  firm,  also,  manufactures  a  variety  of  other  goods,  such  as 
glass  syringes,  test  tubes,  etc.,  for  which  it  has  scarcely  less  high  repute,  and  its  premises  at  the  address  indicated,  consisting  of  a  spacious 
floor  25  X  100  feet  in  measurement,  are  stocked  mth  a  heavy  and  comprehensive  supply  of  uncut  tubes  of  all  sizes  and  guages,  thus 
enabling  it  promptly  to  meet  the  requirements  of  patrons  for  any  kind  of  article  akin  to  its  line  ot  business.  The  fertility  of  resource  of  the 
principal,  who  is  probably  the  oldest  man  in  the  trade  in  New  York  and  his  accuracy  in  interpreting  the  desires  of  customers  in  difficult 
cases  has  been  potent  in  building  up  a  connection  as  honorable  to  the  firm  and  influential  in  character  as  it  is  large  in  volume.  Mr.  John 
Deechan,  the  proprietor  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for  sixty  years,  and  is  one  of  the  most  popular  and  respected  glass  workers  in  the 
country. 

GEORGE  H.  GRAH.\M,  Counselor  in  Patent  Causes.  No.  115  Broadway.— One  of  the  most  expert  and  successful  attorneys  for  the  pros- 
ecution of  applications  for  patents  before  the  United  States  Patent  Office  is  Mr.  George  H.  Graham,  who  is  an  expert  in  patent 
causes  and  has  been  engaged  in  practice  here  since  1885.  He  personally  attends  to  the  preparation  and  prosecution  of  all  cases 
entrusted  to  his  care  and  his  papers  filed  in  the  patent  office  in  the  interests  of  his  clients  are  distinguished  for  their  accuracy,  wis- 
dom and  technical  knowledge  of  the  case  in  hand.  Should  a  case  be  rejected  by  the  office  he  argues  it  with  the  examiner  or  amends 
it  as  the  case  requires  without  extra  charge,  while  rejected  cases  have  always  received  his  special  attention,  and  with  them  he  has  been  emi- 
nently successful.  He  seldom  fails  iu  procuring  favorable  consideration  and  a  good  patent.  Inventors  should  always  avoid  the  class  of 
soUcitors  whose  sole  object  is  to  get  some  kind  of  a  patent,  without  regard  to  its  quality,  with  as  little  trouble  as  possible,  so  that  they  may 
secure  their  fee  the  quicker,  and  who  are,  thereby,  fifling  the  country  with  worthless  patents.  The  facilities  and  acquaintance  enjoyed  by  Mr. 
Graham  in  Europe  enables  him  also  to  offer  superior  inducements  to  those  who  desire  to  avail  themselves  of  the  benefits  of  foreign  pat- 
ents.   Full  information  as  to  expense  and  methods  of  application  will  be  given  if  desired. 

r|-m-RTHUR  PARRETT,  Last  Manufacturer,  Nos.   191  and  19.3  Worth  Street,  Corner  Mulberry.— In  the  manufacture  ot  fine  shoes  more 

II      depends,  than  many  might  suppose,  upon  the  use  of  good  lasts,  and  the  industrial  establishment  of  Mr.  Arthur  Parrett,  at  Nos.  191 

I    I      and  193  Worth  Street,  has  well  played  its  part  in  the  enormous  development  of  the  trade  in  this  country,  as  a  last  manufacturing 

/  concern.    In  securing  the  control  of  this  business  seven  years  ago,  in  succession  to  Messrs.  Knight  &  Johnson,  who  had  founded 

it  thirteen  years  before,  IMr.  Parrett  secured  a  brisk  and  influential  connection,  and  the  extent  to  which  this  has  expanded 

under  his  alert  and  talented  direction  may  be  readily  judged  from  the  fact  that  one  lathe  was  then  used,  while  now  there  are  ten  constantly 

running;  and  numerous  patrons  of  the  house  are  to  be  found  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  while  it  also  has  an  export  trade  of  no  small 

volume.    Indeed,  the  organization  of  the  works  and  its  plant  are-such  that  the  labors  of  its  forty  employees  represents  an  output  capacity  of 

550  pairs  of  lasts  a  day.    The  factory  comprises  a  building  of  five  stories,  with  a  superficial  area  on  each,  20  x  100  feet  in  extent,  and  the 

business  throughout — alike  in  the  industrial  and  mercantile  branches— is  under  the  immediate  and  personal  supervision  of  thci  principal,  a 

gentleman  of  twenty-five  years'  experience  in  the  trade,  who  also  possesses  large  administrative  capacity.    He  is  of  middle  age,  and,  though 

born  in  Halifax,  N.  S.,  learned  his  trade  in  this  city,  where  he  has  become  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  this  line. 

RB.  WIGTON  &  SONS,  Miners  and  Shippers  of  Bituminous  Coals,  J.  B.  Geissinger,  Manager,  No.  50  Broadway.— To  say  that  the  coal 
traffic  in  this  city  is  of  surpassing  importance,  from  a  commercial  point  of  view,  hardly  conveys  an  adequate  idea  of  the  vast  extent 
of  the  operations  carried  on  in  this  indispensable  article  of  fuel  on  the  New  York  market.  The  transactions  in  the  bituminous  prod- 
*  uct  alone  here  daily  reach  enormous  proportions,  and  the  volume  of  trade  grows  apace.  Distinctly  notable  among  the  representative 
firms  contributing  to  the  sum  of  activity  in  the  line  indicated  is  that  of  R.  B.  Wigton  &  Sons,  miners  and  shippers  of  bituminous  coals 
from  Morrisdale  and  Cunard  mines,  for  steamship,  rolling  mill,  locomotive,  glassworks,  smithing  and  steam  generating  purposes,  with 
offices  at  No.  228  S.  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia,  and  No.  50  Broadway.  New  York.  They  are  also  manufacturers  of  coke  and  fire  brick, 
with  shipping  wharves  at  Port  Liberty,  N.  Y. ;  South  Amboy,  N.  J.:  Canton,  Baltimore,  Port  Richmond  and  Greenwich  Point,  Philadelphia, 
and,  altogether,  the  Messrs.  Wigton  have  an  immense  business.  They  are,  in  fact,  the  oldest  and  largest  firm  engaged  in  the  production  and 
di.stribution  of  soft  coal  in  Pennsylvania,  and  have  been  established  in  Philadelphia  some  forty  odd  years,  the  New  York  branch,  which  is 
under  the  efficient  management  of  J.  B.  Geissinger,  being  in  existence  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Besides  their  extensive  mines  they  own  and 
operate  one  hundred  coke  ovens,  and  turn  out  four  millions  of  fire  bricks  annually,  employing  from  800  to  1000  hands.  The  capacity  of  the 
mines  is  about  1,000,000  tons  and  a  large  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  to  meet  the  requirements  of  a  wide-spread  and  steadily  increasing 
demand,  the  sales  in  this  city  aggregating  400,000  tons  a  year.  The  quarters  occupied  on  the  sixth  floor  of  No.  50  Broadway,  are  commodious 
and  finely  appointed,  and  several  clerks  are  employed,  all  orders  for  points  in  and  around  New  York  and  throughout  the  New  England 
states  being  filled  from  here  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  while  bottom  prices  are  quoted,  the  firm,  by  reason  of  its 
vast  resources,  exceptional  facilities  and  other  manifest  advantages,  being  in  a  position  to  offer  substantial  inducements  to  dealers  and  large 
consumers.  Mr.  Geissinger,  the  representative  of  the  Messrs.  Wigton  iu  this  city,  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age  and  a  Pennsylvanian  by  birth, 
but  has  been  in  charge  of  the  New  York  office  since  1880,  being  with  the  firm  altogether  nearly  twenty-five  years.  He  is  a  man  of  entire 
reliability  in  his  dealings,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  business  ability,  and  is  widely  known  and  deservedly  esteemed  in  the  trade. 


206  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

HOLLISTER,  CRANE  &  CO.,  Grain  and  Feed,  No.  90  Broad  Street.— There  is  probably  no  firm  engaged  in  the  wholesale  handling  of 
grain,  mill-feeds  and  hay  in  the  New  York  market  which  is  more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  than  that  of  Hollister,  Crane  & 
Co.,  whose  office  is  located  at  No.  90  Broad  Street,  with  warehouse  at  No.  37  Water  Street.  The  house  is  in  all  respects  a  thoroughly 
representative  concern— one  of  the  very  oldest  and  foremost  of  the  kind  iu  this  city— and  maintains  a  standing  in  commercial  circles 
second  to  none.  Its  history,  which  covers  the  life-time  of  two  generations,  has  been  an  unbroken  record  of  progress,  and  for  the 
past  thirty  years  the  business  has  been  conducted  at  the  present  location  with  uninterrupted  success.  During  the  entire  period,  extending 
over  sixty  years,  the  integrity  and  stability  of  the  concern  have  never  once  been  iu  question;  aud  at  no  time  in  its  whole  career  has  the  house 
ever  been  financially  embarrassed  or  its  credit  shaken,  every  and  all  obligations  being  promptly  met.  Tlie  firm,  who  transact  business  with 
the  Mercantile  National  Bank,  and  Fourth  National  Bank,  are  direct  receivers  and  shippers  from  the  west  of  grain  and  mill  feeds,  and  have 
an  exceedingly  large  trade.  Their  business  connections  are  of  a  wide-spread  and  substantial  character,  the  operations  of  the  house  being 
principally  in  the  line  of  distribution  to  country  points  from  western  grain  centers,  and  altogether,  the  total  annual  transactions  represents 
a  very  large  amount.  This  stanch  and  time  tested  house  was  established  in  1832  by  Lane  &  Mangam,  who  were  succeeded  by  Lane,  Philip  & 
Lane,  who  were  in  turn  succeeded  by  Lane,  Son  &  Co.,  they  conducting  the  business  for  a  number  of  years,  when,  after  some  changes  in 
style  and  personnel  the  present  firm  name  was  adopted.  They  occupy  commodious  quarters  and  employ  a  large  staff,  the  proprietors  them- 
selves exercising  immediate  supervision  of  every  detail  of  the  business.  Besides  other  manifest  advantages  the  firm  enjoy  exceptional  facili- 
ties in  respect  to  sources  of  supply  and  business  connections,  and  are  in  a  position  to  meet  any  demands  of  the  trade,  while  they  are  enabled 
to  offer  the  most  liberal  inducements  in  addition  to  immense  quantities  of  corn,  oats,  meal,  mill-stuffs  generally  and  kindred  products,  they 
also  handle  flour,  but  this  particular  interest  they  have  placed  in  the  hands  of  some  of  their  old  trustworthy  employees,  the  firm  making  a 
leading  specialty  of  grain,  feed  and  hay  in  car  lots.  The  house  is  conducted  on  sound  conservative  business  principles,  coupled  with  liberal 
and  equitable  methods,  and  its  management  is  characterized  by  energy  and  sagacity,  all  orders  receiving  immediate  attention;  and  persons 
having  dealings  with  this  solid  and  responsible  firm  are  assured  of  finding  the  same  of  an  eminently  satisfactory  character.  The  present  co- 
partnership consists  of  Messrs.  George  Hollister,  Wm.  N.  Crane  and  Jno.  B.  Hollister,  all  of  whom  are  gentlemen  of  middle  age,  active  and 
energetic.  They  are  men  of  thorough  business  experience,  deservedly  esteemed  in  the  trade,  and  are  well-known  members  of  the  Produce 
Exchange.    Mr.  George  Hollister,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  has  been  connected  with  the  house  altogether  for  nearly  forty  years. 

r^     &  H.  BERGE,  Importers  of  Sand  Crucibles  and  Covers,  Chemical  and  Philosophical  Apparatus,  Etc.,  Nos.  95  John  and  30  Gold  Streets. 
I  — The  origin  of  this  house,  so  widely  known  in  the  trade,  dates  back  to  1850.    But  one  of  its  original  members  survive  and  he  is  ven- 

®  I  erable  in  years  as  he  is  old  and  wise  in  business  experience.     Yet  this  is  the  largest  establishment  of  its  kind  on  the  western  conti- 

II*  nent  and  none  is  more  ably  conducted  or  stands  higher  in  the  esteem  of  those  numbered  among  its  thousands  of  patrons.  The 
Messrs.  Berge  came  to  this  country  from  Germany  with  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  plans  which  were  so  successfully  consum- 
mated. H.  Berge,  who  is  now  at  the  head  of  the  house,  the  old  firm  name  being  retained,  has  been  in  the  United  States  for  fifty  years.  The 
house  imports,  exports  and  deals  in  sand  crucibles  and  covers,  of  which  a  specialty  is  made,  chemical  apparatus  of  every  kind,  assayers'  sup- 
plies, chemical  porcelain  and  Bohemian  glass  ware,  Merck's  C  .P.  chemicals  and  reagents,  jeweler's  fluxes,  and  polishing  materials.  The  firm 
are  also  sole  agents  for  Boulter's  superior  waffles  and  manufacturers  of  Hibbs'  improved  assay  furnace,  and  philosophical  apparatus  for 
schools,  colleges,  etc.  They  occupy  three  floors,  each  35  x  100  feet,  fronting  on  both  John  and  Gold  Streets.  An  immense,  well  arranged 
stock  of  the  best  quality  is  always  on  hand  and  the  wants  of  the  trade  are  promptly  met. 

HOOLE  3IACHINE  AND  ENGRAVING  WORKS.  Manufacturers  of  Wire  Stitching  and  Champion  and  Defiance  Paging  and  Number- 
ing Machines,  and  Dealers  in  all  Kinds  of  Bookbinders'  Tools  and  Machinery,  Engraving  and  Die  Sinking  of  all  Descriptions,  Nos.  46 
and  48  Centre  Street.— A  prominent  firm  of  machinists  in  this  city,  who  for  many  years  have  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
intricate  and  complicated  machines  of  all  kinds  for  bookbinders,  is  that  of  the  Hoole  Machine  and  Engraving  Works,  located  at  Nos. 
46  and  48  Centre  Street,  under  the  very  able  and  highly  successful  proprietary  management  of  Mr.  E.  G.  Black.  This  firm  are  man- 
ufacturers of  wire  stitching  and  Champion  and  Defiance  paging  and  numbering  machines,  which  are  now  in  very  general  use  throughout  the 
country,  and  for  which  they  own  the  patents.  In  addition  to  this  manufacturing  department  the  house  are  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  bookbind- 
ers' tools  and  machinery,  the  finest  qualities  only  being  handled,  while  engraving  and  die  sinking  of  all  descriptions  also  comes  within  the 
comprehensive  scope  of  the  business.  The  enterprise  was  established  as  far  back  as  1832  by  Mr.  Hoole,  who  was  subsequently  succeeded  by 
his  son.  and  he  in  1885  by  the  present  sole  proprietor,  the  trading  title  remaining  unchanged.  The  premises  occupied  consist  of  two  spacious 
floors,  adjoining,  each  25  x  75  feet  in  area,  used  as  office,  workshops,  etc.,  being  furnished  with  a  complete  equipment  of  machinery,  plant, 
tools  and  appliances  incidental  to  the  undertaking,  a  staff  of  twelve  competent  workers  being  regularly  engaged,  and  steam-power  the  actu- 
ating force  employed.  The  able  and  experienced  proprietor,  Mr.  E.  G.  Black,  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and  gives  his  close  care  and  attention 
to  every  detail  of  the  enterprise. 

STOVER  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Successors  to  P.  Trenor,  Manufacturers  of  Syrups,  Elixirs,  Cordials  and  Bitters,  Fruit  Brandies  and 
Flavoring  Extracts,  No.  55  Vesey  Street.— About  the  oldest  and  most  reliable  house  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  syrups,  cordials 
etc.,  is,  beyond  question,  that  of  the  Stover  Manufacturing  Company,  situated  at  No.  55  Vesey  Street.  This  business  was  founded  in 
the  very  early  days  of  the  present  century  (1813)  by  one  Leonard  Gordon,  who  was  succeeded  by  Philip  Gordon,  and  later  P.  Trenor 
became  proprietor,  he  subsequently  surrendering  his  interest  in  favor  of  Alfred  Stover  &  Co.,  the  present  company's  immediate  pred- 
ecessors. Mr.  Stover  has  recently  associated  J.  S.  Wilson  and  E.  B.  Wilson,  the  name  being  changed  to  its  present  style.  The  capacity 
of  the  store  and  factory  has  been  increased  to  meet  the  rapidly  increasing  demand  for  their  goods.  The  company  are  manufacturers  of 
syrups,  elixirs,  cordials,  bitters,  medicinal  fruit  brandies,  flavoring  extracts,  essences,  etc.,  in  which  they  do  a  most  extensive  trade  through- 
out the  country.  They  follow  in  detail  the  lines  adopted  by  their  predecessors,  Mr.  Gordon  and  IMr.  Trenor,  names  that  have  been  identified 
with  all  that  is  par  excellence  in  the  syrup  and  cordial  trade,  for  several  generations,  and  the  reputation  of  whose  goods  is  a  matter  of  gen- 
eral information,  Mr.  Alfred  Stover,  who  now  has  entire  charge  of  the  manufacturing  department,  having  had  long  practical  experience  in 
syrup  and  cordial  making,  and  holding  all  the  old  and  original  formulae,  is  able  to  turn  out  a  class  of  goods  that  satisfies  the  most  critical 
demands.  All  goods  manufactured  by  the  company  are  kept  up  strictly  to  the  old  standard  of  purity  and  excellence  maintained  by  the 
founders  of  tlie  business,  for  over  three  quarters  of  a  century,  and  the  quality  is  unsurpassed  by  any  goods  in  the  market.  All  their  fruit 
syrups  are  made  from  the  fresh  fruit;  and  only  choice,  well  ripened,  sound  fruit,  carefully  selected,  is  used.  Their  goods  are  all  warranted 
to  keep  in  any  climate,  and  are  carefully  tested  before  leaving  the  establishment,  so  as  to  ensure  uniformity  of  quality.  The  company's 
premises  at  No.  55  Vesey  Street,  consist  of  a  four-story  building  and  basement,  and  comprising  offices,  salesroom  and  manufactory;  the 
latter  being  fitted  up  with  every  requisite  appliance  for  the  prosecution  of  the  business,  an  efficient  corps  of  helpers  are  kept  steadily  em- 
ployed in  the  various  departments,  and  a  number  of  experienced  salesmen  are  always  out  representing  the  company's  interests  among  their 
numerous  patrons.  A  very  extentive  stock  is  carried,  embracing  the  leading  lines  as  enumerated  above,  as  well  as  all  other  syrups,  cordials, 
extracts,  etc.,  in  general  demand.  Their  most  important  article  of  manufacture  is  Stover's  Elixir  of  Calisaya,  which  is  meeting  with  a 
remarkably  extensive  sale. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


207 


POLAND  PAPER  COMPANY,  131  "Times  Building,"  Park  Row.— The  progress  that  has  been  attained  by  some  of  our  leetding  manu- 
facturers as  turning  out  a  distinctly  superior  class  of  goods  is  shown  by  the  Poland  Paper  Company,  whose  New  York  office, 
W.  W,  Page,  agent,  is  at  Room  131  Times  Building,  Park  Row,  with  mills  located  at  Mechanic  Falls  and  Gilbertville,  I\Ie.,  and 
whose  products  commands  extensive  sale  throughout  the  United  States,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  at  which  the 
same  are  maintained.  Their  "  Diamond  Mill,  "  "  Eagle  Mill,"  "  Star  Mill,"  "  Union  Mill,"  "  Canton  Mill  "  brands  of  machine  finish 
and  super-calendered  book  and  lithograph  papers,  are  goods  of  exceptional  merit.  The  Poland  Paper  Company,  of  which  C.  R.  3Iilliken  of 
Portland,  Me.,  is  treasurer,  and  which  is  also  represented  in  Boston,  has  been  established  here  in  the  metropolis  something  over  a  year,  Sir. 
Page  assuming  control  December  1.  1890.  The  capacity  of  the  Mechanic  Falls  mill  is  twenty-two  tons  of  macliine  finish,  and  that  of  the  Gil- 
bertville mill  fourteen  tons  of  chemical  fiber;  and  a  big  stock  is  always  kept  on  hand  at  both  places.  All  orders  for  anything  in  the  line 
above  indicated  are  filled  direct  from  the  mills  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  invariably  rock- 
bottom  figures,  substantial  inducements  being  offered  to  dealers  and  large  consumers,  and  relations  once  entered  into  with  this  concern  are 
reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  a  permanent  business  connection.  Mr.  Page,  who  is  a  general  sales  agent  for  New  York,  New  Jersey  and 
the  western  states,  is  a  gentleman  of  about  fifty-four  and  a  Vermonter  by  birth,  but  has  lived  in  New  York  for  some  thirty  odd  years.  He 
is  a  man  of  energy  and  sagacity  and  of  fully  thirty-five  years  experience  in  the  business  as  well  as  of  entire  reliability  in  his  dealings,  and 
has  an  A  1  standing:  in  the  trade. 


Central  Park— The  Terrace  and  Grand  Staircase. 
rTOHN  STOUT.  Commission  Merchant,  No.  329  Washington  Street.-  Taking  within  the  range  of  its  transactions  the  handling  by  whole- 

—^  I      sale  of  all  descriptions  of  country  produce,  such  as  poultry,  game,  vegetables,  domestic  fruits,  dried  fruits,  etc.,  the  trusted  house  of 
^  I      Mr.  John  Stout  has  long  been  in  high  favor  alike  with  producers  in  very  many  parts  of  the  United  States  and  by  the  produce  retailers 

II  of  this  city  and  its  environs,  a  very  considerable  number  of  the  latter  having  discovered  that  its  store-house  constitutes  an  unrivaled 
base  of  supplies.  The  business  done  is  exclusively  on  commission,  and  the  proprietor,  who  has  been  in  the  business  altogether  for 
twenty-seven  years— part  of  the  time  in  partnership,  but  for  many  years  alone— has  won  an  enviable  share  of  confidence  by  the  liberality 
and  integrity  of  all  his  dealings,  and  by  the  promptness  of  his  settlements,  while  producers  who  desire  to  find  a  sound  and  substantial  com- 
mission merchant  firm  with  whom  to  place  their  goods,  and  have  not  yet  given  the  merits  of  the  house  a  trial  are  permitted  to  refer  to  the 
cashier  of  Hudson  County  National  Bank  of  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey,  as  to  its  standing.  The  premises  occupied  for  the  business  during  the 
past  ten  years  are  located  at  No.  329  Washington  Street,  and  comprise  four  floors  with  an  amplitude  on  each  of  2,.500  superficial  feet,  the  whole 
being  heavily  stocked  with  all  kinds  of  goods  in  the  produce  line  in  the  leading  grades,  while  eight  trained  employees  are  briskly  engaged  in 
the  unshipping  and  shipping  of  goods,  and  other  clerical  and. executive  duties  incidental  to  so  extensive  and  flourishing  a  business.  Mr. 
John  Stout,  who  is  a  member  of  the  Produce  Exchange,  a  constant  frequenter  of  that  busy  center,  and  an  intelligent  student  of  its  affairs, 
is  a  gentleman  of  New  Jersey  birth,  and  a  resident  in  this  city. 


20S  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CRESCENT  COMPANY,  Men's  Athletic  Goods,  etc..  No.  100  Wooster  Street.— On  men's  athletic  goods,  men's  ladies',  and  children's 
bathing  suits,  etc.,  (or  upon  the  packages,)  the  impress  of  a  device  which  is  well  understood  by  those  acquainted  with  the  business 
to  be  a  practical  guarantee  of  reliability,  is  that  of  the  "Crescent  Company,"  their  trading  title  being  produced  in  a  distinctive 
design,  and  used  as  a  trade-mark.  That  the  brand  is  one  which  relates  to  goods  in  high  and  general  favor  is  manifest  from  the  fact 
that  the  establishment  at  No.  100  Wooster  Street,  which  was  only  inaugurated  in  November  1890,  ah-eady  gives  employment  to  forty 
trained  and  expert  hands.  The  goods  produced  in  quantities  by  means  of  the  highly  improved  labor-saviiig  appliances  provided,  are  sold 
by  retailers  in  all  parts  of  the  Union ;  the  firm  being  kept  in  touch  with  its  customers  by  an  experienced  traveling  salesman.  The  premises 
occupied  at  the  address  named  consist  of  lofts  100  x  50  feet  in  size,  and  botli  the  industrial  and  mercantile  aflfairs  here  are  under  the  experi- 
enced direction  of  Mr.  W.  W.  Beebe,  who,  as  manager,  has  won  for  the  house  such  pronounced  success,  by  the  close  and  considerate  atten- 
tion paid  to  the  exact  requirements  of  patrons,  his  rigid  determination  to  maintain  the  high  quality  of  goods;  the  frequent  introduction  of 
new  and  tasteful  patterns,  and  the  methodical  care  taken  to  keep  the  stock  fully  replenished  in  each  variety  and  size,  so  that  orders  may  be 
filled  immediately  upon  receipt.  Mr.  Beebe,  who  hails  from  Massachusetts,  is,  it  need  scarcely  be  said,  earning  high  and  general  popularity 
in  this  city. 

THE  J.  H.  BISHOP  COMPANY,  Skin  Rugs  and  Robes,  No.  81  White  Street.— Dealers  in  skin  rugs  and  sleigh  robes  in  this  city,  and 
throughout  the  Eastern  States,  have,  by  the  liberality  of  their  patronage,  amply  justified  the  wisdom  of  "  The  J.  H.  Bishop  Com- 
pany "  in  opening  a  branch  establishment  in  New  York,  one  year  ago;  this  step  having  greatly  facilitated  business  by  permitting  of 
a  ready  inspection  of  the  choice  manufactures  of  the  house,  of  which  a  full  and  representative  stock  is  carried  at  No.  81  White 
Street,  the  floor,  35  x  100  feet  in  size,  there  occupied,  being  well  utilized  for  that  purpose.  This  now  flourishing  business  was  ini- 
tiated as  a  private  enterprise  in  1874,  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Bishop,  and  the  steady  but  large  expansion  of  its  trade,  together  with  the  wide  field  for 
further  development  still  before  it  led  to  its  incorporation  under  its  present  title,  on  March  1st.,  1891,  with  Mr.  J.  H.  Bishop  as  its  president, 
his  continuance  at  the  helm  of  affairs  practically  guaranteeing  for  the  company  a  successful  future.  Animal  skin  rugs  and  sleigh  robes  of 
great  diversity  and  of  rare  beauty  are  manufactured  by  the  firm  at  tlieir  factory  at  Wyandotte,  Michigan,  where  every  facility  is  possessed 
for  producing  them  in  the  best  manner  at  consistently  reasonable  figures;  while,  in  full  control  of  the  company's  affairs  in  this  city,  is  Mr. 
William  J.  Burns,  a  young  man  twenty-four  years  of  age.  He  has  business  aptitude,  and  a  close  acquaintance  with  the  trade.  Favored  by 
the  exceptional  inducements  he  is  in  a  position  to  offer  to  the  business  he  has  been  able  to  influence  a  wholesale  trade  of  considerable  pro- 
portions  in  New  York  and  the  eastern  states,  and  the  aggregate  annual  value  of  the  transactions  is  steadily  increasing.  Mr,  Burns  is 
becoming  very  widely  known  and  esteemed  in  this  city. 

SA]\IUEL  S.  KOHN,  Manufacturer  of  Art  Embroidery,  Braiding,  Cording,  and  Bonnaz  Embroideries,  No.  364  Canal  Street. —Art  embroi- 
dery is  no  longer  the  result  of  patient,  laborious  and  protracted  labor,  but  is  to-day  produced  with  a  beauty  of  fini.sh,  which  tlie  most 
skilled  of  old-time  hand-workers  could  not  excel,  by  steam  driven  machinery  at  a  high  rate  of  speed,  and  at  correspondingly  low  cost, 
and  in  great  variety  of  elegant  styles.  Samuel  S.  Kohn  is  the  present  trading  title  of  one  of  the  most  eminent  and  responsible  firms 
engaged  in  the  production,  by  such  means,  of  art  embroidery,  braiding,  cording,  and  bonnaz  embroideries,  a  firm  which  was  inaugur- 
ated thirteen  years  ago  as  Kohn  &  Block,  and  of  which  the  present  proprietor  assumed  the  sole  direction  about  fifteen  months  ago.  In  the 
mean  time  it  had  achieved  a  high  reputation,  and  secured  a  connection  which  includes  a  number  of  the  most  prominent  handlers  of  such 
delicate  and  artistic  work  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  Its  factory,  which  is  on  the  third  floor  at  No.  364  Canal  Street,  is  the  scene  of  the 
busy  labors  of  a  large  number  of  w^orkers,  while  the  business  transactions  are  large.  Mr.  Kohn,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  Austrian  birth,  thirty, 
one  years  of  age,  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  for  twenty-four  years,  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows, 
and  also  of  the  United  Brothers. 

THEO.  PABST  &  CO.,  French  and  Bohemian  Glassware,  Lamp  and  Gas  Fixture  Goods,  No.  26  Barclay  Street.— Messrs.  Theo.  Pabst  & 
Co.  are  direct  importers  and  jobbers  of  French  and  Bohemian  glassware,  lamp  goods  and  gas  fixture  specialties,  being  represented 
in  Paris  by  Geo.  Marsily,  of  No.  12  Rue  Martel.  The  house  is  one  of  the  oldest  as  well  as  one  of  the  largest  and  leading  in  this  partic- 
ular line  in  the  city,  its  history,  which  has  been  an  unbroken  record  of  prosperity  extending  back  over  a  period  of  nearly  forty  years 
This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1853  by  A.  Perier,  who  conducted  the  same  up  to  1865,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the 
present  firm,  under  whose  efficient  management  it  has  since  been  carried  on  with  uninterrupted  success.  They  occupy  four  spacious  floors 
as  office  and  salesrooms,  and  the  establishment  is  well  ordered  and  excellently  arranged  in  every  department,  some  fifteen  clerks,  salesmen 
and  porters  being  employed  on  the  premises,  while  three  representatives  are  kept  on  the  road.  An  exceedingly  fine  assortment  is  constantly 
carried  in  stock,  and  comprises  superb  novelties  in  imported  cut  and  blown  glass,  including  hotel,  bar  and  table  ware  in  artistic  designs  and 
exquisite  workmanship;  also  beautiful  lamp  shades,  globes  and  kindred  articles,  gas  fixture  goods  and  decorated  ware,  fire-proof  China 
being  a  specialty.  The  productions  handled  are  standard  high-grade  goods,  the  house  maintaining  an  A  1  standing  in  the  trade  in  this 
respect.  Mr.  Pabst,  who  is  the  sole  proprietor  (the  company  being  nominal),  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  and  was  born  in  Germany,  but 
has  resided  in  this  city  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  is  a  man  of  long  and  successful  business  experience,  thoroughly  upright  in  his  deal- 
ings, and  prior  to  assuming  control  of  this  concern  as  principal  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  had  held  a  responsible  position  in  the  house 
under  the  former  proprietor  for  a  number  of  years. 

r-w- AMES  MILNOR  HICKS,  Civil  and  Mechanical  Engineer,  No.  19  Park  Place.— The  civil  and  mechanical  engineering  profession  is  one 
—.  I  which  offers  a  livelihood  not  to  men  of  mediocre  attainments,  but  to  men  of  talent  and  skill.  High  up  in  the  later  category 
^  I  must  be  placed  the  name  of  Mr.  James  Milnor  Hicks,  of  No.  19  Park  Place.  The  early  training  of  this  gentleman  was  under  the  most 
II  favorable  auspices,  he  having  graduated  in  the  year  1854,  when  twenty  years  of  age,  from  Trinity  College.  During  that  and  the  suc- 
ceeding year  he  was  assistant  to  William  C.  Hicks,  now  deceased,  who  was  the  engineer  of  Col.  Samuel  Colt's  South  Meadow  improve- 
ments, and  was  also  the  first  city  engineer  of  Hartford,  Conn.  Subsequently  Mr.  James  Milnor  Hicks  was  with  Harrison  Loring,  of  South 
Boston,  the  first  builder  of  iron  steamships  in  America,  and  from  1863  to  1865  he  was  with  Horatio  Allen  and  had  charge  of  the  building  of 
the  Ericsson  monitor.  Miantonomoh.  Previously  in  1862  he  was  with  the  Spencer  Repeating  Rifle  Company,  of  Boston.  The  Bliantonomoh 
was  the  monitor  in  which  Capt.  Fox  sailed  for  Russia,  it  being  the  only  one  of  its  class  able  to  cross  the  ocean,  the  improvements  intro- 
duced by  Mr.  Hicks  in  its  propelling  apparatus  contributing  almost  exclusively  to  its  success  in  making  the  trip.  Steam-engine  and  boiler 
construction  and  experimenting  occupied  Mr.  Hicks'  attention  from  18C5  to  1876,  and  thereafter  he  became  connected  with  the  late  William 
C.  Hicks,  the  famed  engineer,  and  expert  in  patent  cases.  In  telephone  matters  Mr.  Hicks  has  also  played  a  prominent  part,  and  a  mimlier 
of  improvements  in  the  apparatus  have  resulted  from  his  inventive  genius.  Further  service  under  the  United  States  government  in  gun 
patent  litigation  has  led  to  his  i-ecognition  as  an  expert  in  such  matters,  as  he  is  also  in  telephony,  in  patent  causes,  and  in  various  depart- 
ments of  the  civil  and  mechanical  engineering  profession.  Pei-sonally  Mr.  Hicks,  who  is  now  about  fifty-six  years  of  age,  is  a  gentleman  of 
most  eminent  lineage,  he  being  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  A.  Hicks,  of  Vermont.  No.  19  Park  Place  has  been  his  headquarters  for  the  past 
twenty  years.  Mr.  James  Milnor  Hicks  is  also  a  solicitor  of  American  and  foreign  patents  and  expert  in  patent  causes,  and  he  is  well  known 
and  most  highly  respected  in  New  York. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  209 

HENRY  GERBER,  ManuTacturer  of  all  Kiiuls  of  Carbon  Paper  and  Ty|ie»riier  Ribbon.  Office.  No.  Sj  Nassau  Street.— It  would  not,  in 
all  probability,  occur  to  the  majoritj-  of  people  that  the  manufacture  of  carbon  paper  and  typewriter  ribbon  was  a  distinct  and  sep- 
arate industry.  givin.e:  employment  to  hundreds  of  people  in  New  York  alone.  Yet,  such  is  the  case,  and  in  illustration,  we  would 
bring  to  prominent  notice  here,  the  house,  which  is.  perhaps,  about  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  New  Y'ork.  This  is  that  of  Mr.  Henry 
Gerber.  situated  at.No.  .'B  Nassau  Street,  established  by  its  present  proprietoi-  in  1887.  Mr.  Gei-ber  is  a  man  of  undoubted  ability,  aud 
possesses  more  than  his  share  of  that  spirit  of  enterprise  so  characteristic  of  our  countrymen.  As  a  consequence,  he  has  succeeded  in  estab- 
lishing a  large  and  far-reaching  patronage,  extending  all  over  the  United  States.  Moreover  his  e.vport  trade  is  very  considerable,  and  his 
products  having  lately  attracted  the  notice  of  foreign  buyers  by  their  superiority  and  uniform  excellence  of  quality,  he  is  anticipating,  in 
the  near  future,  to  very  materially  increase  the  volume  of  his  trade  with  other  countries.  His  business,  at  present,  reaches  the  astonishing 
figure  of  over  $50,000  annually,  and  his  factoi-y  at  No.  83  Wallabout  Street,  Brooklyn,  gives  steady  employment  to  over  fourteen  experi- 
enced hands.  The  specialties  of  his  trade  are  typewriter  ribbons,  of  which  he  manufactures  various  kinds  to  suit  each  make  of  standard 
machine;  and  carbon  papers  in  six  different  colors.  The  latter  are  made  both  semi  and  full,  and  in  all  sizes  in  general  use.  They  are  ac- 
knowledged to  be  the  best  on  the  market,  and  are  warranted  not  to  snmt  or  blur.  He  has  a  branch  office  at  Chicago,  111.  and  a  representative 
traveling  salesman,  in  the  person  of  Jlr.  C.  E.  Smith,  who  has  been  connected  with  the  firm  for  some  time.  Mr.  Gerber  always  carries  a 
large  and  comprehensive  stock  of  his  manufactures,  aggregating  in  value,  not  less  than  310,000.  He  has  a  neat  and  well  appointed  office 
at  No.  83  Nassau  Street,  where  any  orders,  irrespective  of  quantity,  are  attended  to  with  accuracy  and  promptness.  Mr.  Gerber,  who  is 
a  young  man,  was  born  in  New  Y'ork,  and  from  his  courtesy,  kindness  and  strict  sense  of  honor  and  duty,  has  gained  the  warmest  respect 
and  admiration  of  all  those  who  know  him,  both  in  business  and  at  home.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M.  the  Order  of  Teuton,  and 
the  Union  League  Club  of  Brooklyn. 

SE.  &  M.  VERNON,  Manufacturers  of  Specialties  in  Blank  Books,  No.  69  Duane  Street.— In  the  blank  book  manufacturing  industry  a 
house  of  great  eminence  is  that  of  Messrs.  S.  E.  &  M.  Vernon,  whose  headquarters  are  at  No.  69  Duane  Street,  the  distinguishing  fea- 
ture of  this  business  being  the  production  of  specialties  in  blank  books  of  all  kinds  for  members  of  the  printing  and  stationery  trades, 
•  and  the  high  reputation  it  has  secured  in  all  parts  of  the  Union  for  the  skillful  manner  in  which  its  goods  are  got  up,  for  the  prompt- 
ness with  which  orders  are  filled,  and  for  the  consistent  reasonableness  of  its  prices,  has  won  for  it  a  trade  of  exceedingly  great  mag- 
nitude. For  its  industrial  operations  it  has  a  factory  in  Brooklyn,  consisting  of  a  fine,  five  story  brick  building  with  an  expanse  on  each  floor 
of  no  less  than  63  x  200  feet.  Here  one  hmidred  and  fifty  skilled  workmen  are  employed,  their  labors  being  facilitated  by  a  plant  of  machinery 
and  appliances  of  a  completeness  which  constitutes  the  establishment  one  in  all  respects  a  model.  At  the  office  on  Duane  Street,  a  truly 
representative  sample  stock  is  carried,  and  the  two  gentlemen,  who  give  their  names  as  the  title  to  the  fii-m,  are  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  are 
cousins,  direct  its  affairs  with  a  skill  and  systematic  thoroughness  which  fully  explains  the  rapid  and  persistent  growth  of  the  flourish- 
ing enterprise  since  its  inception  ten  years  ago. 

THE  PATENT  CERE.iLS  CO..  Office  No.  .39  Pearl  Street.— The  trade  in  cereals  is  one  of  our  most  noteworthy  pursuits,  and  the  com- 
merce in  these  products  is  correspondingly  large.  As  an  evidence  of  the  immense  strides  taken  in  the  trade  in  this  city  during  recent 
years,  no  better  instance  can  be  produced  than  shown  in  the  progress  made  by  the  Patent  Cereals  Company,  both  in'  the  facilities  for 
supplying  the  demands,  and  in  the  beneficial  results  which  have  accrued  to  the  retailer  and  consumer.  This  company  was  duly 
incorporated  under  the  state  laws  of  New  Y'ork,  with  a  paid  up  capital  of  $.350,000,  and  with  the  following  prominently  known  gen- 
tlemen as  officers:  president.  George  W.  Pier,  of  Pier  Bros.,  hop  merchants.  New  York;  vice-president,  Fred'k  Licht;  treasurer  and  secre- 
tary, John  Pier  3Iunn,  resident  of  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  the  past  twenty  years;  superintendent,  Louis  J.  Licht,  who  resides  at  Geneva,  N.  Y. 
where  the  company's  factorj'  is  located,  and  which  is  conducted  under  his  personal  management.  The  factory  is  equipped  with  the  most 
improved  machinery,  opei'ated  by  steam-power,  and  employment  is  afforded  twent.v-five  experienced  hands.  The  products  comprise  Rex 
wheat  for  food  purposes  and  Brewers'  wheat,  and  the  output  cajjaoity  is  3,000  bushels  per  day.  The  goods  are  put  up  conveniently  in  pound 
paper  boxes,  a  dozen  boxes  to  the  case,  just  suitable  for  the  retail  trade.  The  goods  are  made  from  the  choicest,  select  materials,  in  the  most 
careful  manner,  and  after  the  most  approved  processes,  and  they  are  unexcelled  for  purity,  wholesomeness  and  general  excellence.  At  the 
company's  warerooms  in  this  city  a  heavy  stock  of  these  choice  goods  is  carried,  and  orders  from  any  part  of  the  L'nited  States  are  filled 
without  delay,  and  upon  the  most  acceptable  terms.  We  can  assure  the  trade  that  they  will  find  themselves  fairly  and  liberally  dealt  with, 
and  that  this  company  can  undoubtedly  confer  benefits  upon  those  who  effect  transactions  with  it. 

PIER  BROTHERS.  Hop  Merchants,  No.  39  Pearl  Street.— The  oldest  hop  house  in  the  trade  in  New  York  is  that  of  the  Messrs.  Pier 
Brothers,  whose  headquarters  are  at  No.  45  Pearl  Street,  aud  who  have  a  branch  house  in  Utica.  This  establishment  was  founded  in 
1840  by  D.  D.  Pier,  and  in  186:3  his  sons,  the  present  proprietors,  succeeded  to  the  control.  The  heavy  trade  that  has  been  developed 
extends  not  only  all  thoughout,  the  United  States,  but  the  firm  also  make  extensive  exportations  to  Europe.  The,y  have  agen- 
cies in  all  the  hop  growing  sections  of  the  United  States,  and  possess  unsurpassed  faciUties  for  securing  suppUes  upon  the  most 
satisfactory  basis.  The  quarters  occupied  comprise  a  five-story  building  30  x  100  feet  in  area,  and  it  is  appsinted  in  the  most  conven- 
ient and  appropriate  style  throughout,  while  ample  accommodation  is  had  for  the  storage  and  handling  of  goods.  The  sales  of  the 
house  amount  to  about  10,000  bales  of  hops  a  year.  A  heavy  stock  is  at  all  times  carried,  and  orders  are  promptly  met  upon  the  most 
acceptable  terms.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  George  'V\^.  and  Garrett  R.  Pier,  are  natives  of  this  city,  active  members  of  the 
Hop  Exchange,  and  members  of  the  Maltsters'  and  Brewers'  association  of  the  United  Statp,s.  Mr.  George  W.  Pier  is  president  of  the 
Patcit  Cereals  Campany.  Both  gentlemen  are  familiarly  known  in  financial  and  commercial  circles,  and  are  regarded  as  representa- 
tive^imerchants  aud  progressive,  public-spirited  citizens. 

COOK  JIANUFACTURING  COMPANY',  No.  5  Bro.adway.- This  house   is  headquarters  in   the  United  States  and  Canada  for  Cook's 
Automatic  Needle  Threader  for  sewing  machines.    The  company  was  incorporated  in   1890.  under  the   laws   of  the  state  of  New 
Y'ork,  with  a  capital  stock  of  SoO.OOO.  and  is  officered  and   managed  by  the  following  gentlemen,    to  wit:   J.   Ewing,  president; 
Creo.  M.  Lynch,  treasurer;  J.  TV.  Mudgett.  secretary;   James   Cook,  general  manager  and  superintendent.    The  latter  gentleman 
is  the  inventor  of  the  needle  threader  that  bears  his  name,  and  is  the  moving  spirit  of  the  enterprise,  giving  it  the  benefit  of  his 
close   personal   attention  and  great  practical  skill,  and   insuring  by  his  genius  and  management,  the  permanent  success  of  the  under- 
taking.   The  company  operate  a  factory  in  Brooklyn,  where  a  large  force  of  skilled  workmen  are  employed,  and  every  modern  facility 
is  at  hand  to  secure  rapid  and  perfect  production.    Cook's   Automatic  Needle  Threader  is  something  entirely  new,  and  not  only  a  lux- 
ury but  a  necessity.    It  can  be  attached  to  any  sewing  machine,  and  no  operator  should  b'e  without  one.    It  threads  the  needle  instantly 
saves  time  and  eyesight  and  is  sold  for  a  dollar.    Over  two  thousand  canvassers  are  handling  them  through  the  country,  and  they  are 
having  a  splendid  sale  wherever  once  introduced,  as  their  value  is  at  once  appreciated  and  no  operator  on    a  sewing  machine  will  ever 
do  without  one  after  once  trying  it.    Mr.  Ewing.  the  president,  is  well  known  as  publisher  of  the  •'  Financier; "  Mr,  Lynch,  the  treasurer 
is  a  prominent  diamond  broker;  and  Mr.  Mudgett,  the  secretary,  is  at  the  head  of  the  popular  real  estate  firm  of  J,  W.  Mudgett  &  Co. 
Mr.  Cook,  the  manager,  was  formerly  a  jeweler  and  is  widely  honored  and  esteemed  for  his  business  ability  and  inventive  talents. 


210  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

■nrrLFRED  S.  ROSENFIBLD,  Prop.,  Tlie  Rosenfleld  Chemical  Works,  No.  4  Cedar  Street.— .4.  rapidly  growing  branch  of  manufacturing 
13  chemistry  is  that  which  provides  confectioners,  bottlei-s,  etc.,  with  their  extracts,  colorings,  essential  oils,  and  other  requisites.  A 
I  I  number  of  progressive  and  well  informed  experimental  chemists  in  this  city,  among  whom  Mr.  Alfred  S.  Rosenfleld  holds  a  most 
I  conspicuous  place,  keep  pace  with  the  rapidly  increasing  demand  for  such  goods  in  a  way  that  does  inflnite  credit  to  themselves 

and  to  New  York.  Mr.  Rosenfleld  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Rosenfleld  Chemical  Works,  and  is  not  content  with  merely  supplying  the 
exact  kind  of  goods  distinctly  called  for,  but  anticipates  and  creates  demand  by  his  enlightened  researches,  and  his  valuable  discoveries  of 
ingredients  which  produce  the  most  pleasing  effects  both  to  the  eye  and  lo  the  palate,  while  entirely  harmless  in  use.  As  distillers  the 
house  is  famed  for  its  fruit  oils,  ethers  and  essences,  and  for  its  fruit  and  liquor  flavors,  and  cigar  and  tobacco  flavors.  In  what  may  be 
termed  its  distinctively  manufacturing  branch,  the  confectioners'  and  bottlers'  extracts,  confectioners'  vegetable  colors,  and  Bleachyne 
vanilla  sugar  are  in  very  high  favor  by  large  users,  aud  a  business  is  done  which  reaches  very  large  yearly  proportions,  and  draws  its  patron- 
age from  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  premises  occupied  by  the  firm  are  at  No.  4  Cedar  Street,  and  consist  of  a  loft,  35  x  50  feet  in  measure- 
ment, where  ten  well  trained  employees  are  ever  busily  engaged  in  one  or  another  department  of  the  operations  of  the  house.  Every  facility 
is  provided  at  the  establishment  for  the  production  of  its  goods  at  strictly  competitive  prices,  and  an  inspection  of  its  price  list,  which  the 
principal  mails  promptly  upon  application,  will  demonstrate  that  the  Arm  stands  unrivaled  in  this  particular.  Mr.  Rosenfleld  is  a  gentleman 
of  advanced  years  thoroughly  posted  in  the  branch  of  applied  chemistry,  to  which  he  has  devoted  his  professional  and  business  talents.  He 
is  a  native  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  but  has  resided  in  NewYork  for  fifty  years,  and  is  highly  popular,  alike  in  professional,  business  and  social  circles. 

GEO.  H.  EDBROOKE,  Architect,  Temple  Court,  Corner  Beekman  and  Nassau  Streets,  Rooms  Nos.  .301  and  .303.— There  are  but  few,  if 
any,  among  New  York's  leading  architects  who  are  more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  than  the  gentleman  whose  name  stands  at 
the  head  of  the  present  sketch.  He  has  been  in  the  front  rank  in  his  profession  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  receives  a  meas- 
ure of  recognition  fully  commensurate  with  his  reputation  for  skill  and  reliability,  many  imposing  structures  all  over  the  United 
States  being  designed  and  built  by  him.  Mr.  Edbrooke,  who  is  a  man  of  middle  age,  active  and  energetic,  is  a  native  of  this  city.  He 
is  a  thoroughly  expert  designer,  draughtsman  and  all-round  architect,  of  long  and  varied  exi>erience  in  the  exercise  of  his  art,  of  which  he  is 
complete  master,  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Architects.  He  established  himself  in  business  in  1865,  in  Chicago, 
and  remained  in  that  city  up  to  1888,  when  he  moved  to  the  metropolis,  occupying  rooms  Nos.  301  and  303  in  Temple  Court  ever  since.  His 
offices  are  commodious,  neatly  appointed  and  well  equipped,  and  an  efficient  corps  of  assistants  are  employed,  Mr.  Edbrooke  exercising  im- 
mediate supervision  over  every  detail.  He  is  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes  of  work  comprehended  in  his  profession,  making  plans 
for  buildings  of  every  description,  and  guarantees  perfect  satisfaction.  Designs,  specifications  and  estimates  are  furnished  at  short 
notice,  special  attention  being  given  to  high-class  business  structures,  while  construction  is  personally  superintended,  when  so  desired,  like- 
wise, and  all  work  undertaken  by  this  gentleman  is  certain  to  be  performed  in  the  most  expeditious,  competent  and  trustworthy  manner. 
Among  the  more  noteworthy  pieces  of  architecture  attesting  Mr.  Edbrooke's  skill  may  be  named  the  Brooklyn  Exchange  building,  the  Com- 
mercial builduig,  St.  Louis,  the  Adams  Express  building,  the  Sibley  warehouse  and  Wiiloughby  building,  Chicago ;  the  Hammond  building, 
Detroit,  several  handsome  structures  in  and  around  New  York,  and  a  number  of  others  well  worthy  of  mention  throughout  the  entire  country. 

PECK  &  SNYDER,  Sporting  Goods,  Lawn  Tennis,  Base  Ball,  Athletic  and  Theatrical  Goods,  Nos.  124,  126, 188  and  130  Nassau  Street.— 
An  establishment  that  has  gained  a  world-wide  reputation,  as  well  as  a  trade  that  extends  to  all  quarters  of  the  globe,  and  which  is  a 
prominent  feature  among  the  mercantile  enterprises  of  New  York,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Peck  &  Snyder,  located  at  Nos.  124,  126,  138  and 
130  Nassau  Street.  For  twenty-five  years  this  house  has  been  a  leader  auiong  the  concerns  devoted  to  the  handling  of  sporting  goods. 
Tlie  business  was  established  in  1866  by  Mr.  Andrew  Peck,  and  in  the  .year  following  Mr.  Irving  Snyder  became  his  partner,  when  the 
firm  name  of  Peck  &  Snyder  was  adopted.  These  gentlemen  have  since  conducted  the  enterprise  with  steadily  increasing  success,  constantly 
increasing  their  facilities  and  resources,  aud  they  are  ever  ready  to  satisfactorily  and  promptly  meet  any  demand  that  may  be  made  upon 
them.  The  business  has  always  been  conducted  at  the  same  address,  the  firm  only  making  a  temporary  removal  once  when  they  had  their 
new  building  erected  on  this  site.  The  premises  occupied  for  the  business  comprise  a  double  store  and  basements,  80  x  100  feet  in  dimensions, 
admirably  equipped  aud  provided  with  every  convenience  for  the  storage,  display  and  handling  of  goods.  Tlie  immense  stock  carried 
embraces  a  complete  assortment  of  goods  known  under  the  comprehensive  head  of  "  sporting  goods,"  and  which  include  lawn  tennis  sup- 
plies, croquet  sets,  gymnasium  apparatus,  boxing  gloves,  camping  outfits,  fishing  tackle,  pocket  knives,  uniforms  and  base  ball  goods  of 
every  variety,  bicycles  of  all  the  leading  makes,  also  safeties  and  tricycles,  skates,  toys,  photographic  materials,  novelties,  hunting  outfits, 
etc.,  etc.  None  but  strictly  first-class  goods  are  handled,  and  any  article  purchased  from  Peck  &  Snyder  may  be  relied  upon  to  be  the  best 
of  the  kind  the  market  affords.  The  firm  have  a  large,  well  equipped  factory  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  they  employ  fifty  hands,  and  manu- 
facture a  fine  line  of  ice  skates  and  roller  skates.  Both  a  wholesale  and  retail  trade  is  carried  on,  and  orders  from  any  part  of  the  world 
meet  with  prompt  and  satisfactory  fulfillment.  Mr.  Peck  is  a  native  of  New  York,  Mr.  Snyder  of  Connecticut,  but  has  resided  here  for  thirty- 
five  years.  They  are  recognized  as  leading,  representative  business  men,  thoroughly  identified  with  the  best  interests  of  the  metropolis,  and 
promoting  its  commerce  with  activity,  discrimination  aud  success. 

THE  STURTEVANT  CO.,  Advertising  Novelties,  No.  90  Walker  Street.—-^  Fragment  of  Hlstory.  There  is  perhaps  no  history  more 
intf  resting  to  trace  in  its  development  from  crudeness  to  perfection  than  that  of  the  ai-t  of  advertising.  As  far  back  as  we  can  pen- 
etrate in  the  chronicles  of  aucient  times  we  find  evidence  of  ingenuity  in  that  line.  The  Egyptians  advertised  such  wares  as  they 
placed  on  sale  in  their  picturesque  booths,  by  means  of  small  papyrus  rolls,  on  which  were  written  in  various  colored  inks  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  articles  they  had  on  sale.  In  the  earliest  days  of  Roman  history  we  note  the  introduction  ;of  advertising  by  means 
of  what  is  now  known  as  the  "  sandwich  man,"  who  paraded  through  the  streets  with  an  advertisement  on  his  back  to  the  intense  delight 
and  amusement  of  the  Roman  youngsters.  For  several  hundred  years  the  manner  of  advertising  remained  unchanged  and  no  progress 
whatever  was  made  in  that  line.  Then  came  the  introduction  of  the  printing  press,  the  greatest  invention  yet  made.  With  it  came  a  revolu- 
lution  in  advertising.  Improvement  succeeded  improvement  and  from  posters,  dodgers,  handbills  and  circulars,  we  have  risen  to  the  highest 
pinnacle  in  the  history  of  advertising.  We  refer  to  the  artistic  and  beautiful  effects  now  produced  in  pyralin  and  celluloid  by  the  Sturtevant 
Company  of  this  city,  who  have  introduced  pyroxyline  material  in  the  manufacture  of  useful  and  beautiful  advertising  novelties.  The  great 
advantage  of  the  production  of  advertising  specialties  in  this  material  is  that  it  not  only  lends  itself  to  beauty  in  design  and  displays  such  to 
great  advantage,  but  that  being  more  durable  than  any  other  material  used  in  the  manufacture  of  novelties,  it  gives  every  encouragement  to 
the  bestowal  of  artistic  creativeness.  Beyond  this,  it  is  impervious  to  dust  and  dirt  and  is  absolutely  waterproof.  The  material  is  an 
extremely  beautiful  one  and  can  be  compared  in  appearance  to  polished  ivory.  Paper-cutters,  envelope-openers  aud  other  advertising  nov- 
«lties  made  of  this  material  so  closely  resemble  ivory  as  to  be  often  mistaken  for  the  latter.  The  Sturtevant  Company  has  already  achieved 
a  wide-spread  reputation  for  the  many  attractive  novelties  it  has  introduced  and  more  than  one  patron  of  the  flrm  owes  his  prosperity  in  a 
large  measure  to  the  ingenuity  and  attractiveness  of  the  advertising  novelties  manufactured  by  this  concern.  The  founder  and  proprietor  is 
Mr.  George  A.  Sturtevant,  a  young  man  of  rare  initiativeness  and  business  capacity,  who  is  a  native  of  New  York  state.  His  premises  at  No, 
90  Walker  Street,  35  x  100  feet,  are  well  adapted  to  the  business  and  are  conveniently  located  in  the  heart  of  the  business  district.  Under  Mr. 
Sturtevant's  talented  direction  fifteen  employees  are  busily  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  advertising  novelties. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


211 


EDSON  BROS.  &  OILMAN,  Produce,  Poultry  and  Game,  Commission  Merchants,  No.  336  Washington  Street.  Cor.  Harrison.— It  is  the 
imperative  duty  of  the  liistorian  who  elects  to  present  a  reflex  of  the  commercial  prosperity  of  the  metropolis  of  the  United  States  to 
exercise  zealous  care  that  his  work  does  not  fail  by  reason  of  some  grave  omission.  Such  it  would  most  assuredly  do  did  it  neglect  to 
take  cognizance  within  its  pages  of  the  name  of  the  reputable  and  substantial  house;of  Edson  Brothers  &  Gilman,  of  No.  336  Washing- 
ton Street.  The  firm  had  its  origin  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  ten  years  ago,  and  to  it  belongs  the  honorable  distinction  of 
being  the  largest  coiyimission  house  dealing  in  poultry  in  the  United  States.  The  house  transacts  a  general  produce  commission 
business,  its  specialties  being  game  and  poultry.  Three  years  ago  the  house  expanded  its  business  facilities  by  erecting  a  cold  storage  build- 
ing for  freezing  poultry,  etc.,  an  improvement  which  has  materially  developed  their  trade.  The  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  metropoli- 
tan house  was  1888,  the  business  of  which  branch  is  now  under  the  control  of  Mr.  Theo.  P.  Gilman,  the  junior  partner  in  the  concern.  The 
trade  area  of  Messrs.  Edson  Bros.  &  Oilman's  New  York  branch  is  mainly  comprised  in  the  metropolis  and  vicinity,  and  the  character  of  the 
business  consists  of  heavy  dealings  with  dealers  and  jobbers.  The  house  receives  its  consignments  from  the  prominent  supply  centers  of 
New  York,  New  Jersey  and  the  West,  and  the  quality  of  the  goods  handled  is  of  a  high  order.  The  New  York  branch  is  located  in  an  ex- 
tremely convenient  and  appropriate  district  of  the  metropolis.  It  consists  of  a  building  of  four  large  floors,  the  ground  area  of  the  premises 
covering  2,500  square  feet.  Every  necessary  improvement  designed  to  facilitate  the  conduct  of  a  large  and  expanding  business  is  in  constant 
use,  including  electric  light  and  telephone  service,  the  call  of  the  house  being  No.  4244  Cortlandt.  The  name  of  Edson  Bros.  &  Gilman  is 
known  throughout  the  trade  as  but  another  expression  for  reliability  and  honorable  dealing,  and  the  house  oflfers  to  those  desirous  of  satis- 
fying themselves  as  to  that  fact  the  names  of  the  Clinton  Bank  of  New  York  and  the  Merchants'  National  Bank  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The 
partners  in  the  house  are  Messrs.  A.  D.  Edson,  Wm.  D.  Edson,  Jr.,  and  Theo.  P.  Gilman,  all  gentlemen  of  undoubted  business  ability,  enjoy- 
ing the  respect  and  confidence  of  all.  5Ir.  Oilman  has  been  nineteen  years  identified  with  the  business,  having  been  brought  up  therein  by 
his  father.  He  is  secretary  of  the  Merchants  Refrigerating  and  Ice  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  New  York,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mer- 
cantile Exchange.    He  is  a  native  of  New  York  and  a  young  man. 


1860— John  Street  METHonisT  Chcbch. 


TS.  TODD  &  CO.,  Custom  House  Brokers  and  Forwarders,  Nos.  67  and  69  William  Street.— Business  and  the  methods  adopted  in  its 
conduct  are  subject  to  increasing  changes.  The  custom  house  broker  and  forwarding  agent  plays  a  most  important  part  in  the  in- 
dustries of  the  present  day,  especially  in  all  large  maritime  ports  of  entry.  He  is  the  connecting  link  between  the  importer  and  the 
•  officer  of  the  government  entrusted  with  the  collecting  of  import  duties,  saving  the  former  a  vast  amount  of  valuable  time,  annoy- 
ance and  troublesome  delays.  A  popular,  prominent  and  thoroughly  reliable  house  engaged  in  t4iis  important  branch  of  business 
in  New  York  is  that  of  Messrs.  T.  S.  Todd  &  Co.,  whose  office  is  centrally  located  at  Nos.  67  and  69  William  Street,  with  telephone  connection 
No.  3794  Cortlandt.  Jlr.  Todd  is  a  gentleman  of  about  middle  age  and  having  had  many  years  of  practical  experience  in  this  line  of  com- 
merce and  having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  intricacies  connected  with  the  passing  of  dutiable  goods  through  the  customs  he  inaugurated 
this  enterprise  on  his  own  account  under  the  present  firm  title  in  188.5,  and  at  once  developed  a  very  large  and  influential  patronage,  which 
includes  many  of  the  most  extensive  importing  houses  in  this  and  other  large  cities  throughout  the  United  States.  He  occupies  a  spacious 
and  commodious  office,  that  is  very  neatly  and  appropriately  fitted  up,  having  eveiy  convenience  at  hand  for  liis  clients.  He  makes  a  spe- 
cialty of  handling  on  commission  through  tlie  custom  house,  imports  and  exports  on  behalf  of  city  and  out  of  town  firms,  forwards  goods  to 
their  destination  by  any  route  desired,  takes  out  bills  of  lading  and  handles  merchandise  of  every  description.  He  is  also  prepared  to  receive 
packages  and  express  them  to  all  parts  of  the  globe  by  the  most  direct  and  reliable  routes.  Being  an  authorized  customs  notary,  he  is  pre- 
pared to  attest  affidavits,  sia.ements  and  all  papers  required  by  the  authorities  in  regard  to  the  clearance  of  merchandise.  Mr.  Todd  is  an 
energetic,  wide-awake  and  reliable  business  man,  attentive  to  the  best  interests  of  his  clients  and  is  one  of  the  most  popular  brokers  transact- 
ing business  in  the  port  of  New  York. 


213  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

GEORGE  H.  BURT,  Manufacturer  of  the  Standard  Composition  Billiard  and  Pool  Balls,  No.  25  Ann  Street,  Corner  of  Nassau  Street, 
Everett  Building.— The  scarcity  of  ivory  and  its  consequent  costliness,  led  to  many  attempts  to  prepare  a  composition  substitute 
during  a  number  of  years,  but  it  is  only  in  quite  recent  times  that  any  compositions  have  been  discovered  sufficiently  ivory-like 
in  all  their  characteristics  to  serve  the  purposes  of  the  genuine  article  for  billiard  and  pool  balls  and  of  these  "  The  Standard  " 
Composition,  as  manufactured  by  Mr.  George  H.  Burt,  is  conceded  to  be  the  ue  plus  ultra.  For  the  past  three  years  Mr.  Burt 
has  been  for  all  practical  purposes,  if  not  in  name,  the  owner  of  a  factory  at  Milburn,  N.  J.,  where  the  composition  was  formed  and 
roughly  shaped  to  be  afterwards  linished  in  his  works,  at  No.  25  Ann  Street,  but  the  first  of  the  current  year  be  took  over  the  entire 
control,  and  commenced  the  manufacture  of  his  goods  from  first  to  last.  Billiard  and  pool  balls,  which  are  turned  out  in  large  quanti- 
ties, are  fashioned  of  this  peculiarly  ivory-like  composition,  in  a  manner  that  causes  them  to  resemble  the  natural  substance  very  closely 
in  density,  elasticity,  and  in  durability,  while  the  firm  is  justly  famed  for  the  skill  in  which  it  turns  the  balls  in  sets  of  exactly  identical  size, 
and  each  exactly  spherical,  its  steam  driven  machinery  and  appliances  at  the  premises  on  Ann  Street,  being  admirably  adapted  for  such 
work  and  its  employees  skilled  in  its  use.  Hence  a  trade  of  considerable  volume  is  commanded  in  various  parts  of  the  Union,  an  expe- 
rienced commercial  traveler  keeping  the  firm  in  constant  touch  with  its  patrons.  Mr.  G.  H.  Burt  himself,  a  young  man  of  Boston  birth,  five 
years  a  resident  in  this  city,  has  had  twelve  years  experience  in  the  trade,  is  an  expert  and  an  authority  on  all  matters  relating  to  it,  and  is 
zealous  in  his  care  that  only  such  goods  as  will  refiect  tlie  highest  possible  credit  upon  his  house  shall  be  sent  out,  whether  in  new  work  or  in 
such  as  has  been  sent  for  rei)air,  the  recoloring  of  ivory  and  composition  balls  being  a  specialty  of  the  establishment. 

TT  jr  AX  FREUND  &  CO.,  Diamonds,  Watches  and  Jewelry,  No.  8  Maiden  Lane.— It  is  a  pleasure  to  record  the  character  and  enterprise 
l\l\      of  those  business  houses  whose  very  existence  is  emphatic  evidence  of  the  honorable  position  they  occupy  and  the  long  course  of 
/        1      just  dealing  which  they  have  pursued.    Such  a  house  is  that  of  Max  Freuud  &  Co.,  dealers  in  diamonds,  watches  and  jewelry, 
"^.  No.  8  Maiden  Lane.    The  business  of  this  house  was  originally  established  in  1860  by  Mr.  Max  Freund,  and  the  present  firm  was 

formed  in  1878  by  his  admitting  into  partnership  his  brothers  A.  S.  and  H.  Freund.  The  business  has  now  developed  to  gratify- 
ing magnitude  and  importance  and  extends  from  Maine  to  California.  The  salesrooms  of  the  firm  are  spacious  in  size,  being  25  x  100  feet  in 
dimensions,  attractive  in  all  their  appointments,  and  perfect  in  convenience  and  arrangement  for  display,  inspection  and  sale.  The  firm  are 
heavy  importers  of  diamonds,  watches  and  jewelry  from  the  leading  capitals  of  Em'ope,  and  also  handle  extensively  all  kinds  of  American 
goods  of  the  best  make  in  this  line.  The  firm  are  sole  agents  for  the  celebrated  A.  Schneider  watches,  of  Dresden.  Mr.  Max  Freund  visits 
Europe  twice  a  j-ear  in  search  of  novelties,  and  the  large  experience  and  infiueiitial  connections  possessed  by  the  firm  give  them  advantages 
in  obtaining  their  supplies  that  are  not  excelled  by  any  of  their  contemporaries  in  the  trade;  while  their  activity  in  exacting  tribute  from 
every  source  that  promises  increased  usefulness  and  popularity  renders  their  establishment  a  desirable  headquarters  for  dealers  in  quest  of 
the  latest  novelties  and  most  reliable  goods.  A  corps  of  talented  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  house  throughout  the  coimtry ;  and 
orders  are  filled  in  all  cases  with  the  utmost  promptness  and  dispatch.  The  rarest  inducements  are  constantly  offered  as  regards  reliability 
and  excellence  of  goods  and  liberality  of  terms  and  prices;  and  business  relations  once  entei'ed  into  with  this  firm  are  sure  to  prove  profit- 
able and  permanent.  The  co-partners  are  all  experienced  jewelers  and  accomplished  exponents  of  the  trade.  Mr.  Max  Freund,  the  founder 
of  the  firm,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  but  has  resided  for  thirty-five  years  in  this  country,  where  he  is  regarded  as  one  of  our  most  public- 
spirited  citizens. 

HARRIS  &  PFLUGER,  Successors  to  Bromell,  Harris  &  Co.,  Brokers  in  Drugs,  Chemicals.  Essential  Oils,  Etc.,  No.  23  Liberty  Street.— 
One  of  the  most  difficult  branches  of  trade  and  one  that  requires  the  highest  qualifications  of  ability  and  experience  is  that  of  the  whole- 
sale brokerage  trade  in  drugs,  chemicals,  etc.  None  can  achieve  success  and  develop  permanent  wide  spread  connections  who  cannot 
meet  the  most  exacting  requirements  of  dealers,  manufacturers  and  shippers  as  to  grades  and  qualities  of  these  goods.  A  widely 
known,  prosperous  and  responsible  house  devoted  to  this  special  line  of  commerce  in  the  city  of  New  York  is  that  of  Messrs.  Harris 
&  Pfluger,  successors  to  Bromell,  Harris  &  Co.,  brokers  in  drugs,  chemicals,  essential  oils,  etc..  whose  headquarters  are  desirably  located  at 
No.  2-3  Liberty  Street.  This  enterprising  concern  was  founded  originally  in  1885  by  Messrs.  Bromell,  Harris  &  Co.,  who  conducted  it  with 
pronounced  success  until  1887,  when  upon  the  withdrawal  of  Mr.  Bromell  from  the  firm  the  business  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  present 
proprietors,  comprising  Messrs.  J.  F.  O.  Pfluger  and  A.  W.  Harris,  both  middle  aged  gentleman  and  natives  of  New  York,  who  are  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  all  branches  of  the  trade,  and  under  their  enterprising  management  and  direction  the  trade  has  grown  to  its  present 
volume  and  importance,  exclusively  wholesale  and  extending  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  They  occupy  a  spacious  and  com- 
modious office,  neatly  appointed  and  provided  with  every  convenience  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  business.  The  firm  makes  a 
specialty  of  handling  on  commission  all  kinds  of  drugs,  chemicals,  essential  oils,  and  druggists'  and  manufacturers'  supplies,  and  have  con- 
stantly on  hand  a  full  line  of  samples  of  all  goods  in  these  lines,  such  as  chemicals,  drugs,  herbs,  barks,  roots,  dye  stuffs,  gum  arable,  giun 
tragacanth,  garacine,  olive  and  castor  oils,  phosphates,  salts,  sodas,  etc.  In  consequence  of  their  extensive  connections,  the  firm  are  enabled 
to  conduct  all  operations  under  the  most  favorable  auspices,  and  are  always  prepared  to  offer  patrons  every  possible  advantage.  Messrs. 
Harris  &  Pfluger  are  gentlemen  of  the  highest  business  integrity,  prompt  and  reliable,  and  are  highly  esteemed  b3'  all  with  whom  they  have 
any  business  relations. 

rrr  LBERT  G.  BOGERT  &  BROTHER,  Builders  and  Workers  in  Hard  Wood,  Nos.  113  and  115  Bank  Street.—Of  the  hundreds  of  builders 
13  and  contractors  who  have  so  ably  seconded  the  architects  in  consti-ucting  the  thousands  of  imposing  public  edifices  and  beautiful 
/  I  homes  that  adorn  New  York  and  surrounding  cities,  probably  none  are  more  deserving  of  credit  than  the  firm  of  Albert  G.  Bogert  & 
/  Brother,  whose  office  and  wood  working  factory  are  situated  at  Nos.  113  and  115  Bank  Street.    This  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 

prominent  concerns  of  the  kind  in  the  metropolis.  It  was  founded  in  1851  by  Mr.  Albert  G.  Bogert,  in  company  with  a  Mr.  Christie, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Bogert  &  Christie.  The  co-partnership  was  dissolved  in  1853.  In  the  same  year  Olr.  Bogert  admitted  to  partnership 
his  brother,  Mr.  I.  G.  Bogert.  who  was  with  him  "  off  and  on  "  until  1872,  since  which  year  he  has  remained  in  permanent  partnership.  The 
premises  occupied  comprise  a  fine  three-story  and  basement  building,  excellently  equipped  with  first  cla.ss  machinery,  operated  by  a  power- 
ful steam-engine,  and  employment  is  furnished  a  force  of  some  sixty  hands,  many  of  them  skilled,  exjiert  artisans.  At  their  Tastefully  fur- 
nished office  one  or  the  other  of  the  partners  will  always  be  found  in  business  hours,  ready  and  willing  to  inspect  plans,  make  estimates,  and 
discuss  business  with  those  who  contemplate  building.  Tiiey  do  a  vei'y  extensive  business  in  fine  work  building,  and  among  notable  struc 
tures  erected  by  them  was  a  good  portion  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company's  building,  the  Boreel  Building  and  scores  of  others  that  might  bti 
cited  did  space  permit.  Only  first-class  workmanship  is  performed,  and  the  firm  are  specialists  as  workers  in  hard  woods,  producing  th*i 
choicest,  most  artistic  effects  in  this  line.  In  each  and  every  instance  where  their  services  have  been  employed  the  firm  have  given  com. 
plete  satisfaction,  and  every  contract  ever  awarded  them  has  been  executed  to  the  letter,  and  in  the  best,  most  skillful  and  substantial 
manner.  The  Messrs.  Bogert  are  natives  of  New  Jersey  and  skillful,  conscientious  and  successful  in  business,  they  are,  besides,  popular 
and  highly  regarded  citizens. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  213 

CHAS.  H.  GRAFF,  Manufacturer  of  Oiled  Clothing,  Covers,  Etc.,  No.  78  Warren  Street.— Among  the  noteworthy  industrial  enterprises  in 
New  York  which  have  been  founded  within  recent  years  and  which  have  developed  into  prominence  and  a  representative  position 
in  the  business  world  is  that  of  Mr.  Chas.  H.  Graff,  who  estabhshed  this  business  at  No.  78  Warren  Street  in  1889.  The  positive  success 
tliat  has  attended  this  enterprise  from  the  outset  amply  attests  the  general  excellence  of  the  goods  produced  to  say  nothing  of  the 
energy  and  ability  displayed  in  the  management  of  the  business.  The  premises  occupied  are  spacious  and  commodious  and  conven- 
iently fitted  up  with  every  mechanical  facility,  whereby  the  best  order  of  production  may  be  secured.  The  operations  are  systematically 
divided  so  that  the  best  results  may  be  attained,  and  employment  is  furnished  a  force  of  hands  sufficiently  large  to  carry  on  the  business 
successfully  and  promptly  fill  all  orders.  Here  with  the  most  complete  facilities  at  command  Mr.  Graff  is  carrying  on  general  operations  as 
a  manufacturer.  Truck  covers,  bow  covers,  waron  covers,  aprons,  and  boots,  tarpaulins,  oiled  canvas  spreads  of  all  sizes,  in  white,  black 
and  yellow,  and  made  in  light,  medium  and  extra  heavy  weights,  iu  fact,  canvas  articles  of  every  description  are  here  made  to  order  at  most 
reasonable  prices.  He  also  manufactures  the  famous  "  Storm  King  "  oiled  horse  covers  and  the  "  Acme  "  brand  and  oiled  clothing  of  every 
description.  Awnings,  banners,  flags  and  tents  are  also  manufactured  and  all  goods  are  sold  at  wholesale  at  prices  that  defy  successful  com- 
petition. The  goods  are  made  in  the  most  substantial  manner  of  the  best  material,  and  are  unexcelled  by  anything  of  the  kind  in  the  mar- 
ket. Orders  from  any  part  of  the  country  are  promptly  filled  and  all  transactions  placed  upon  the  most  satisfactory  basis.  Mr.  Graff  is  a 
business  man  practically  acquainted  with  all  the  details  of  his  calling  and  i*  accounted  an  influential  factor  in  our  industrial  development. 

STEPHEN  D.  HATCH,  Architect,  Boreel  Building.  No.  115  Broadway.— As  practised  to-day,  the  art  or  profession  of  the  architect  is  one 
in  which  talent  and  genius  are  given  their  widest  scope,  and  wherein  the  grandest  effects  and  most  beautiful  combinations  are  obtained. 
A  fitting  exponent  of  success  in  the  mentioned  profession  is  Mr.  Stephen  D.  Hatch,  the  designer  of  a  number  of  the  beautiful  and 
artistic  buildings  which  grace  the  precincts  of  the  metropolis  of  the  United  States.  This  gentleman  has  been  actively  identified  with 
his  profession  for  a  period  of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  during  which  time,  he  has  given  to  the  world  enduring  proofs  of  unusual  skill 
and  ability.  Among  the  many  buildings  owing  their  artistic  elegance  and  signal  utility  to  the  conception  of  Mr.  Hatch,  mention  should  be 
made  of  the  Boreel  Building,  In  which  the  gentleman's  business  is  now  housed;  the  Manhattan  Savings  Institution;  the  Liverjiool  and  London 
and  Globe  Insurance  Building;  the  Real  Estate  Exchange;  the  U.  S.  Army  Building;  the  Murray  Hill  Hotel,  and  a  comprehensive  list 
of  private  residences  and  public  edifices  erected  throughout  the  metropolis  and  its  vicinity.  The  premises  occupied  by  Mr.  Hatch  are  singu- 
larly convenient  in  every  particular  for  the  successful  conduct  of  an  extensive  range  of  highly  artistic  transactions.  They  are  located  in 
Room  No.  16.3,  on  the  seventh  floor  of  the  Boreel  Building,  No.  115  Broadway.  To  Mr.  Hatch  belongs  the  honorable  distinction  of  being 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  skillful  members  of  the  profession.  He  has  been  twelve  years  in  the  occupation  of  his  present  premises,  a  fact 
which  reflects  creditably  upon  the  wisdom  of  their  original  choice.  He  is  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  large  clientele,  and  has  been  a  resident  of 
New  York  for  the  past  thirty-five  years,  and  with  the  prosperity  of  which  he  has  always  been  actively  interested.  A  person  whose  mission 
it  is  to  prepare  a  treatise,  reviewing  the  more  prominent  professional  and  commercial  enterprise  of  the  city  fails  of  his  duty  signally  the 
moment  he  elects  to  omit  the  name  of  Stephen  D.  Hatch  from  the  pages  of  his  work.  It  becomes  such  a  person  rather  to  accord  to  the  gen- 
tleman a  position  of  unquestioned  prominence  among  those  engaging  in  the  calling  be  professes. 

HEED  &  CARNRICK,  Manufacturing  Pharmacists,  Nos.  447  and  449  Greenwich  Street.— No  branch  of  commercial  enterprise  in  the 
great  metropolis  is  more  important  than  that  conducted  by  Messrs.  Reed  &  Camrick,  as  manufacturers  of  remedies  and  pharma- 
ceutical preparations  at  Nos.  447  and  449  Greenwich  Street.  The  business  of  this  representative  house  was  established  thirty  years 
ago  by  Messrs.  Reed,  Camrick  &  Andrews,  who  were  succeeded  by  Messrs.  Reed  &  Carnrick  in  1871,  and  in  January,  1888,  the  present 
stock  company  was  formed  and  duly  incorporated  mider  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  a  capital  of  $400,000,  and  with 
John  Carnrick,  president;  Allen  Chamberlain,  treasurer;  Geo.  AT.  Camrick,  secretary.  In  1879  branches  were  established  in  London,  Eng., 
and  Toronto,  Ont.,  and  a  laboratory  is  also  conducted  at  Bainbridge.  N.  Y'.  The  New  York  laboratory  is  used  for  manufacturing  the  differ- 
ent liquid  preparations  for  which  this  house  is  so  widely  noted.  The  leading  preparations  bearing  the  name  of  Reed  &  Carnrick  are  zymocide 
Cordial  Analeptine,  Corrigent  pills,  Carnrick's  soluble  food,  Lacto-Cereal  food,  Lacto-Preparata,  Pancrobilin  Liquid,  Pancrobilin  pills. 
Peptonized  Cod  Liver  Oil  and  Milk,  Sulpho-Calcine,  Sulphur- Tartrate  Tablets,  Velvet-Skin  Soap  and  Velvet^Skin  Powder.  Any  preparation 
bearing  the  stamp  of  Reed  &  Carnrick  is  invariably  accepted  as  a  genuine  curative  agent,  possessing  all  the  qualities  claimed  for  it  by  the 
manufacturers.  These  products  sell  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  the  reputation  of  the  house  is  equaled  by  few  for  reliability  and  the  legiti- 
mate manner  in  which  they  present  their  goods  to  the  medical  profession.  Their  laboratory  is  the  only  one  belonging  to  manufacturers  of 
pharmaceutical  preparations  or  food  products  which  is  open  to  the  inspection  of  physicians  at  all  times.  They  have  never  had  any  secrets 
in  the  production  of  their  preparations  that  are  withheld  from  the  medical  profession.  A  corps  of  experienced  salesmen  represent  the  inter- 
ests of  the  house  upon  the  road,  and  the  largest  orders  are  filled  with  the  utmost  promptness  and  with  scrupulous  care.  The  officers  and 
managers  are  gentlemen  of  large  practical  experience  and  the  highest  repute  in  this  branch  of  trade,  liberal  and  honorable  in  all  their  deal- 
ings, and  are  eminently  popular  with  their  host  of  patron*  the  world  over. 

I3IPERVI0US  PACKAGE  CO.,  JIanufacturers  of  the  Impervious  Safety  Oil  Can,  Oflicc,  No.  8(i  Park  Place.— This  company  is  known 
throughout  the  country  as  the  manufacturers  of  the  Impervious  Safety  Oil  Can,  the  only  safe,  neat  and  convenient  oil  can  for  family 
use.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1881,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Hampshire,  their  factory  being  located  at  Keene,  N. 
H.,  and  is  officered  as  follows,  viz.:  A.  T.  Batchelder,  president;  J.  H.  Sherwood,  vice-president;  L.  J.  Brooks,  treasurer.  A  full  and 
complete  line  of  samples  are  carried  at  the  New  Y'ork  office,  and  a  corps  of  traveling  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  house 
to  the  trade.  The  splendid  resources  and  perfected  facilities  possessed  by  the  company  euable  them  to  conduct  all  branches  of  their  bus- 
iness under  the  most  favorable  conditions  and  to  guarantee  the  prompt  and  perfect  fulfillment  of  all  orders.  Since  1883,  the  company 
have  made  and  sold  over  one  million  oil  cans,  all  guaranteed,  and  with  claims  for  reclamation  amounting  to  less  than  one  quarter  of 
one  per  cent.,  a  record  wholly  without  precedent  in  the  history  of  oil-carrying  packages.  This  fact  should  be  sufficient  to  convince  dealers 
that  the  Impervious  Oil  Can  is  the  safest  and  most  reliable  oil  package  to  handle.  .Among  the  many  reasons  why  dealers  should  buy 
the  Impervious  Oil  Cans  in  preference  to  all  others  may  be  mentioned  the  facts  that  they  are  and  always  will  be  the  best;  they  are  abso- 
lutely safe,  and  for  the  safety  and  convenience  given,  they  are  the  cheapest  oil  can  ever  made.  They  are  neat  and  attractive  and  sell  them- 
selves wherever  shown.  They  are  fully  protected  by  United  States  patents,  and  are  the  only  wood  oil  cans  that  you  can  handle  without  risi; 
of  damages  for  infringement.  The  company  fully  guarantee  every  oil  can  they  sell.  These  oil  cans  are  made  of  wood,  with  the  incer  sur- 
face so  prepared  as  to  be  perfectly  impervious  to  kerosene  or  other  oils.  They  are  fitted  with  nickel-platetl  compression  faucets  and  venta^ 
fillers,  making  a  complete  family  oil  tank  and  lamp  filler  combined.  They  are  absolutely  free  from  leak,  sweat  or  odor.  Lamps  can  be  filled 
direct  from  the  faucets,  thus  rendering  them  the  safest,  neatest  and  most  convenient  oil  can  for  family  use.  The  trade  is  promptly  supplied 
in  quantities  to  suit  at  mauufacturerc'  prices,  and  they  are  found  for  sale  by  all  first-class  dealers  throughout  the  United  States.  The  presi- 
dent and  treasurer  of  the  company  arc  both  well-known  citizens  of  Keene,  while  the  vice-president,  Mr.  Sherwood,  is  man,ager  of  the  New 
York  office  and  general  agent  for  the  company.    He  is  a  native  of  Connecticut;  a  resident  of  this  city  for  the  past  twenty-five  years. 


214  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

EDGAR  J.  SERCOMBE,  Printing  and  Lithographing,  No.  269  Canal  Street.— In  succeeding  to  the  printing  and  Hthographic  business  of 
Messrs.  ■\Vollerman  &  Roeth,  on  March  18th  of  this  year,  Mr.  Edgar  J.  Sercombe  became  the  possessor  of  an  enterprise  which  had  been 
founded  by  liis  predecessors  six  years  ago,  and  had  been  accorded  a  very  liberal  support,  especially  in  the  particular  branch  of  the 
trade  relating  to  tags,  tickets,  labels,  etc.,  which  for  a  considerable  time  has  been  a  specialty,  gaining  for  it  a  high  reputation.  The 
new  proprietor  has  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  all  the  details  and  technicalities  of  the  trade,  and  is  directing  its  affairs  in  a  man- 
ner which  gives  promise  of  greatly  enhanced  prosperity  in  the  future.  The  establishment,  which  is  located  at  No.  269  Canal  Street,  is  admi- 
rably equipped  with  everything  in  the  way  of  plant  proper  to  a  printing  office  of  the  kind,  inclusive  of  high-speed  presses  actuated  by 
electric  power,  and  the  staff  of  employees  includes  expert  printers,  experienced  in  this  particular  branch  of  the  art  of  printing.  The  premises 
consist  of  a  third  floor,  25  x  110  feet  in  size,  and  the  concern  in  its  entirety  is  organized  in  a  very  complete  manner.  Mr.  Charles  T.  Woller- 
man  of  the  late  firm  is  retained  as  general  manager.  Mr.  Edgar  J.  Sercombe  is  a  young  man  of  Eughsh  birth,  who  has  resided  in  this  city 
only  for  the  past  six  months. 

r|-|-RCHER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  Patent  Chairs,  Etc.,  No.  223  Canal  Street.— A  chair  manufacturing  firm, 
L3  which,  while  competing  in  all  other  particulars  on  even  terms,  has  out-distanced  every  competitor  In  the  particular  branches  of  the 
I  I  trade  to  which  it  specially  devotes  its  energies,  by  reason  of  the  unequaled  value  of  its  patented  articles,  is  the  Archer  Manufac- 
/  turing  Company,  whose  specialties  are  patent  dentists',  barbers'  and  physicians'  chairs  and  furniture,  and  in  these  lines  it  is  with- 

out doubt  the  most  prominent  and  successful  firm  in  the  United  States.  Very  substantial  corrobation  of  this  is  afforded  by  the  fact 
that  some  fifty  thousand  of  the  firm's  chairs  are  in  use  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  in  barbers'  establishments  alone,  in  addition  to  those 
supplied  to  the  professions  named,  and  the  large  number  exported.  The  company  fit  up  barbers'  shops  complete,  and  also  manufacture 
piano  stools,  counter  stools,  and  a  number  of  other  specialties.  Their  factory,  which  comprises  five  five-story  buildings,  fitted  up  and 
equipped  in  the  most  perfect  style,  and  giving  employment  to  several  hundred  workmen,  is  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  The  headquarters  in  this 
city  comprise  two  floors  and  a  basement,  25  X  85  feet  in  superfice,  at  No.  223  Canal  Street,  and  No.  153  Centre  Street,  where  a  thoroughly 
complete  and  representative  stock  is  carried.  This  office  was  founded  eight  years  ago,  and  has,  from  the  first,  been  under  the  control  of  its 
l^)resent  able  manager,  Mr.  M.  H.  Wilson,  who  has  influenced  a  large  and  steadily  increasing  trade  from  this  center.  He  is  assisted  by  a  staff 
of  eight  employees,  and  is  thus  able  to  fill  all  orders  with  commendable  promptitude.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  native  of  New  York  state,  and  is  a 
gentleman  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  city. 

"WIF        &  I-  COHEN,  Manufacturers  and  Quilters  of  Fancy  Linings  for  Plush  and  Seal  Garments,  No.  96  Canal  Street.— Costly  plush 
/%/■         and  seal  garments  are  well  worthy  of  artistic  fancy  linings,  upon  which  skilled  and  painstaking  care  has  been  bestowed,  and 
/       1        those  handling  such  goods  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  recognizing  this,  send  garments  of  such  a  kind  to  this  city  for  the 
•^  *  purpose  named;  a  house  in  pronounced  favor  being  that  of  Messrs.  M.  &  I.  Cohen,  of  No.  96  Canal  Street;  one  of  a  very  eminent 

and  responsible  kind,  founded  In  the  year  1874,  which,  as  manufacturers  and  quilters  of  fancy  linings  in  the  finest  style,  has, 
during  the  seventeen  years  of  its  career,  built  up  a  business  of  very  large  magnitude;  this  being  the  distinct  outcome  of  scrupulously  neat 
and  artistic  work,  produced  under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  and  therefore  at  prices  that,  relatively  to  the  intrinsic  meiit  of  the  linings 
when  finished,  are  uniformly  and  consistently  reasonable.  The  work  undertaken  by  the  firm  is  exclusively  to  order,  and  with  a  view  to  the 
accomplishment  of  this  with  the  celerity  which  is  alone  satisfactory  to  the  great  establishments  with  which  it  trades,  or  their  patrons,  who 
desire  to  be  furnished  with  linings  at  short  notice,  a  force  of  sixty  trained  operatives  is  regularly  engaged;  the  premises  occupied  for  indus- 
trial and  general  purposes,  consisting  of  a  first  floor,  25  x  75  feet  in  measurement,  equipped  in  a  really  model  style  explaining  both  the 
promptitude  and  the  low  figures  for  which  the  house  is  distinguished.  The  firm  personnel  is  composed  of  Mr.  Morris  Cohen,  and  Mr.  Isaac 
Cohen,  these  gentlemen  being  brothers  of  Russian  birth,  of  middle  age,  long  resident  in  this  city,  who  have  earned  their  enduring  prosperity 
by  the  well-directed  use  of  their  capital,  and  the  ungrudging  exercise  of  their  industrial  and  mercantile  capacity;  a  leading  factor  in  their 
success  having  been  the  close  personal  scrutiny  they  have  given  to  garments  before  permitting  them  to  leave  the  premises,  in  order  that 
only  such  work  should  be  delivered  as  reflected  credit  upon  the  house.  A  specialty  of  this  house  is  the  lining  of  seal  garments  and  capes  and 
the  house  has  an  extensive  trade  in  fine  garments  in  the  western  states,  while  braiding  and  cording  is  done  in  the  latest  styles. 

'~r'  OHN  FEURY  &  COMPANY,  Wholesale  Liquors.  No.  286  Greenwich  Street.— The  progressive  spirit  notable  in  the  early  days  of  the 
^-.  I  trading  of  Messrs.  Jordan  and  Feury,  and  the  entirely  reliable  methods  which  characterized  the  business  from  the  inception  of  its 
v-^  I  career  in  1861  up  to  1883.  have  been  manifested  in  no  abated  degree  from  that  period  to  the  present,  under  its  erstwhile  junior  raem- 
l  1  ber  and  now  sole  proprietor,  IMr.  John  Feury,  who  conducts  the  well  established  and  firmly  rooted  enterprise  under  the  trading  title 
of  John  Feury  &  Co.  A  very  wide  and  influential  patronage  has  attached  to  the  house  for  a  number  of  years,  and  to  most  of  its 
old  customers  as  well  as  to  a  constant  accession  of  new  patrons  the  house  supplies  the  best  of  domestic  and  imported  liquors,  either  free  or  in 
bond,  in  bulk  or  bottled,  by  wholesale,  with  all  its  old-time  reliability,  the  experienced  principal  being  well  known  as  a  high  authority  on 
choice  liquors,  and  sedulous  in  his  personal  attention  to  the  affairs  of  his  business,  with  an  unshakable  determination  to  provide  goods  that 
shall  tally  exactly  with  the  samples  submitted,  and  with  the  representations  that  have  been  made.  The  premises  of  the  flrm,  at  Greenwich 
Street,  comprise  four  floors,  each  25  x  100  feet  in  measurement,  and  thus  provide  ample  accommodation  for  the  storage  of  such  proportion 
of  the  goods  handled  as  are  not  shipped  direct  to  patrons  from  the  bonded  warehouses.  Competent  assistants  are  ever  briskly  engaged, 
either  in  the  office  or  salesroom  work  which  so  large  a  trade  involves,  and  the  promptness  and  accuracy  with  which  inquiries  or  orders 
are  dealt  with  is  all  that  could  be  desired.  Mr.  John  Feury,  who  is  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  National  Protec- 
tion Association,  and  of  the  Wholesale  Liquor  Dealers'  Association,  and  there  are  few  men  more  widely  and  favorably  known  in  his  line  of 
business. 

■r%  GUIS  N.  CHEMIDLIN  &  CO.,  Commission  Merchants,  Etc..  Importing.  Exporting,  Forwarding.  Chesebrough  Building.  Room  No.  523, 
I  t{3\  ^^-  '^  State  Street.— The  trade  of  this  country  with  Mexico  is  one  of  manifest  importance  in  the  present,  and  from  which  competent 
I  \  authorities  anticipate  far-reaching  and  valuable  results  in  the  future.  Hence  the  business  of  Messrs.  Louis  N.  Chemidlin  &  Co.,  initial 
-^ —  ted  only  in  June,  1890,  and  already  of  very  considerable  proportions,  as  commission  merchants,  exporting,  importing,  and  forward- 
ing to  and  from  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  while  productive  of  unprecedently  gratifying  effects  for  those  immediately  concerned, 
is  also  an  essentially  useful  one  as  it  effects,  directly  or  indirectly,  the  entire  community  in  each  country;  and  the  more  so  since  the  house 
handles  anything  from  Mexico  for  which  a  market  exists  in  America,  and  anything  from  this  country  for  which  a  market  is  to  be  found  in 
Mexico.  The  trade  of  the  young,  progressive,  and  trustworthy  house  relates  to  all  parts  of  the  Union,  and  particularly  to  the  making  of 
purchases  of  leading  western  concerns;  the  markedly  well-informed  principals  having  a  very  close  inside  knowledge  of  the  best  direct 
sources  of  supply  for  Mexican  merchandise,  and  conducting  their  affairs  on  a  basis  distinctively  conducive  to  extended  commercial  relations 
while  they  are  also  well  posted  in  the  best  means  of  transport,  and  the  style  in  which  merchandise  should  be  packed  in  order  that  no  dififl- 
culty  may  arise  to  prevent  its  reaching  comparatively  out-of-the-way  Mexican  centers,  important  in  themselves  but  not  reached  with  tb& 
same  facility  as  American  cities  having  similar  populations.  The  partners  are  Mr.  Louis  N.  and  I\Ir.  E.  D.  Chemidlin,  young  men  of  Nevr 
York  City  birth,  whose  eligible  office  at  No.  24  State  Street  has  thus  quickly  become  an  international  trading  center  of  considerable  impor- 
tance. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


215 


FRANKLIN  BANK  NOTE  CO.,  No.  14:;  Broadway,  Cor.  Liberty  Street.— Noted  in  all  parts  of  the  union  for  the  elaborate,  artistically 
designed  and  skillfully  executed  bonds,  bank  notes,  certificates  of  stock,  bills  of  exchange  and  all  other  kinds  of  securities,  for  the 
banking  and  flnauoial  world  which  it  produces,  the  "Franklin  Bank  Note  Co."  has  not  only  gained  for  itself  a  position  of  great  and 
recognized  eminence  but  such  an  one  as  challenges  rivalry  from  any  similar  house  in  the  city,  while  the  unqualitied  satisfaction  it 
gives  to  the  railroads  and  great  banking  houses,  for  which  it  works,  has  created  a  demand  for  its  services  which  at  times  very  se- 
verely taxes  its  resources.  The  company,  ivhich  was  incorporated  under  the  state  laws  of  New  York  in  1877,  has  at  its  head  executive  officers 
of  exceptional  administrative  ability,  as  well  as  heads  of  departments,  who  in  their  technical  knowledge  and  expert  skill  are  at  the  top  of 
their  professions.  The  house  is  provided  with  the  most  modern  of  labor-saving  machinery  and  appliances  that  are  compatible  with  the  high- 
est class  of  work.    The  quarters  of  the  company  are  in  the  fire  proof  premises  at  No.  US  Broadway. 

r-w-  OHN  OLSEN,  Sail  Maker,  No.  146  Front  Street.— Norway  has  sent  America  some  of  her  most  reliable,  energetic  and  capable  men  in  the 
_^  I  industrial  world,  among  the  great  number  being  John  Olsen  of  No.  14C  Front  Street.  He  has  been  in  New  York  thirty-flve  years  and 
(2'  I  is  counted  among  the  most  accomplished  and  practical  sail  makers  of  tliis  port.  He  occupies  a  well-appointed  loft,  25  x  100  feet  and 
II  gives  employment  to  from  eight  to  twelve  people,  for  the  purpose  of  making  sails  for  the  masters  of  ships,  rigs  and  yachts  that  come 
into  this  port.  Mr.  Olsen  has  gained  the  confidence  of  his  long  line  of  patrons  and  at  his  present  period  of  life,  (he  is  in  his  prime)  he 
has  all  of  the  work  that  he  can  attend  to.  This  results  from  the  fact  that  he  always  does  as  he  agrees,  while  his  work  is  of  that  excellence 
of  quality  which  stands  all  tests  to  which  it  is  subjected.    He  is  Ukewise  a  man  of  exemplary  business  principles. 


1860— New  York  University. 


1. 


W.  LAWRENCE,  Books  and  Engraved  Portraits  for  Illustrating.  Engravings  Cleaned  and  Iidaid,  No.  60  Nassau  Street.— The  house 
of  Mr.  T.  \V.  Lawrence,  dealer  in  books  and  engraved  portraits  for  illustrating,  located  at  No.  bO  Nassau  Street,  holds  an  almost 
unique  position  in  this  city,  in  this  particular  branch  of  the  trade,  a.s  it  is  about  the  only  house  engaged  in  precisely  the  same  line 
here.  The  business  was  established  at  the  same  address  by  the  present  proprietor  some  twenty -two  years  ago,  and  has  met  with  a 
liberal  share  of  patronage  ever  since,  which  has  steadily  increased  with  each  succeeding  year,  until  now  it  has  patrons  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States,  and  is  responsible  for  the  engravings  contained  in  some  of  our  finest  books  of  reference,  travel  and  fiction.  As  a  special 
feature  of  the  busmess  Mr.  Lawrence  obtains  high-class  books  and  inserts  in  them  appropriate  engravings,  selling  the  works  in  the  illustrated 
form.  This  branch  has  created  the  greatest  satisfaction  among  his  patronage,  and  has  largely  added  to  his  already  extensive  and  represen- 
tative connection.  The  premises  at  the  location  indicated  consist  of  an  elegantly  appointed  store.  2.5  x  40  feet  in  dimensions,  containing 
a  carefully  selected  assortment  of  fine  works  of  all  sorts,  including  some  rare  books,  engravings,  etchings,  photogravures  and  other  kinds  of 
illustrated  matter  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  A  specialty  is  made  of  the  cleaning  and  inlaying  of  engravings  for  which  Mr.  Lawrence  has  a 
big  demand,  the  work  always  being  executed  in  the  latest  approved  manner,  and  with  the  utmost  promptitude.  The  proprietor  is  a  native 
of  this  city  and  a  thorough  connoisseur  of  works  of  art  generally,  and  is  often  sought  for  his  judgment  on  some  special  picture  or  engrav- 
ing. 


216 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  BANKERS'  &  TRADERS"  ACCIDENT  ASSOCIATION,  Nos.  15.j  and  157  Broadway.— Fate  and  chance  are  Ihe  two  uncontroUable 
factors  in  every  man's  life,  struggle  as  he  may,  be  prudent  as  he  can.tlie  vmknown  events  of  the  future  bear  down  upon  him  with 
resistless  force,  and  in  a  second  he  may  be  swept  away  to  a  violent  death,  or  meet  with  serious  and  often  disabliuj?  injuries.  In  this 
active  age,  bristling  with  the  dangers  of  rapid  transit,  electric  currents,  lofty  buildiags,  more  frequent  sea  voyages,  and  the  thou- 
sand and  one  complications  of  civilization,  how  necessary  to  exercise  the  utmost  prudence.  And  now  that  the  favorable  opportu- 
nity has  arrived,  it  is  well  to  at  once  take  out  a  policy  in  the  Bankers'  &.  Traders'  Accident  Association,  of  the  city  of  New  York,  which  was 
organized  in  1889  upon  the  most  liberal  and  equitable  basis  by  a  number  of  prominent  and  responsible  citizens,  and  duly  incorporated  under 
the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York.  Its  home  offices  are  located  at  Nos.  15.^  and  l.>7  Broadway,  and  its  principal  executive  ofificers  are 
Fletcher  H.  Bangs,  president  ;  Jos.  W.  Abbott,  secretary  and  general  manager.  ^Vhen  solid  accident  insurance  is  offered  at  a  cost  of 
$15.00  per  year,  with  weekly  indemnity  of  Si'S.OO  in  case  of  disability,  how  foolish— aye,  reckless — not  to  at  once  take  out  a  policy! 
Under  ablQ.and  honorable  executive  management,  the  Bankers'  and  Traders'  Association  is  making  rapid  progress,  notably  among  the  best 
classes  of  the  public,  and  its  business  is  becoming  broadly  distributed  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  It  insures  absolute  protection, 
liberal  indemnity  and  prompt  payments  ;  its  insured  can  travel  in  any  part  of  the  civilized  world  without  a  permit,  and  it  has  an  ample 
emergency  fund  deposited  to  the  credit  of  Its  policy-holders.  Its  Board  of  Directors  is  as  follows,  viz.:  Fletcher  H.  Bangs,  president, 
Bangs  &  Co.,  No.  739  Broadway;  William  M.  Deen,  vice-president,  Anglo-American  Investment  Co.,  Nos.  44  and  40  Wall  Street;  Joseph 
W.  Abbott,  secretary  and  general  manager,  Oliver  F.  Berry,  treasurer.  Cashier  Tradesmen's  National  Bank:  Andrew  J.  C.  Foy6.  Dixon 
Crucible  Co.,  John  Farr,  Watson  &  Farr,  No.  HO  Peai-l  Street,  George  C.  Kobbe,  Attorney,  l'-30  Broadway,  John  K.  Bangs,  with  Harper  & 


Brothers,  John  H.  Korff,  M.D.,  U.  S.  Sub-Treasury.  The  president,  :\Ir.  Bangs,  is  highly  esteemed  in  tlie  business  and  financial  circles  of 
the  metropolis  for  his  executive  ability,  business  sagacity  and  sterling  qualities  of  head  and  heart ;  while  the  secretary,  Mr.  Abbott,  is  an 
indefatigable  worker,  an  authority  as  regards  accident  insurance,  whose  sound  'and  reliable  methods  of  management  have  the  hearty 
endorsement  of  all  policy  holders.  It  has  been  the  constant  aim  of  this  Company  in  addition  to  giving  its  members  insurance  that  insures, 
to  provide  the  most  perfect  protection,  to  avoid  technicalities  and  to  settle  all  claims  with  as  little  delay  as  possible;  and  to-day  the  Bankers' 
&  Traders'  is  recognized  as  the  most  progressive  and  safest  of  Accident  Insurance  companies.  With  this  end  in  view  tliey  have  at  considerable 
expense  added  an  Identification  Bureau  to  their  business,  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  to  their  members  an  Identification  card,  a  cut  of  which 
is  presented  herewith.  The  card  is  a  complete  certificate  of  identification,  containing  the  photograph,  signature,  description  of  person,  seal 
of  the  notary  public  before  whom  the  signature  is  acknowledged,  and  the  seal  of  the  Bankers'  &  Traders'  Accident  Association  attested  by  its 
secretary,  the  whole  bound  In  a  convenient  Russia  leather  pocketbook.  A  duplicate  and  full  description  of  these  cards  is  kept  in  the  Identi- 
fication bureau  of  the  company.  An  identification  is  invaluable  to  every  person.  It  secures  the  recognition  of  the  holder,  protects  against 
mistaken  identity,  insures  collection  of  checks,  drafts,  postal  and  express  money  orders,  and  summons  friends  at  once  in  the  event  of  an 
accident.  That  it  will  prove  a  sufficient  means  of  identification  with  banks  has  been  attested  by  some  of  the  leading  banks  of  New  Y'ork 
city.  It  may  also  be  used  as  a  passport  when  vised  by  United  States  consuls,  and  is  consequently  of  great  value  to  travelers  in  foreign 
countries.  These  cards  are  issued  by  the  Bankers'  &  Traders'  to  any  applicant  for  a  S5000  policy,  who  proves  an  acceptable  risk,  upon  pay- 
ment of  the  membership  fee  of  five  dollars  and  an  amount  covering  the  regular  premium  calls  for  one  year.  The  issuing  of  these  cards  will 
certainly  bring  an  increased  business  to  the  company,  rendering  it  easier  for  agents  to  canvass  in  its  behalf,  and  every  member  who  takes 
one  will  no  doubt  feel  a  sense  of  increased  security,  knowing  that  he  bears  upon  his  person  the  means  of  positive  identification,  and  also 
that  in  the  event  of  any  accident  happening  to  him  he  is  insured  in  a  stanch  company  which  will  promptly  compensate  him  for  the  loss  of 
time  incurred  by  reason  of  accidental  injuries. 


I 


K 


i 


I  ■ivriifiiti-ir-'-''''-"'T'^niit* '>■'■'' "rii     i 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  217 

PRENTISS  CALENDAR  AND  TIME  COMPANY,  No.  40  Maiden  Lane. -There  can  no  longer  exist  any  possible  form  of  excuse  for 
even  (lie  most  impecunious  person  being  without  the  convenience  of  a  clock,  now  that  the  Prentiss  Calendar  and  Time  Co.  of  No.  40 
.Maiden  Lane  have  come  into  the  field  with  their  independent  standard  time  and  calendar  service.  The  aim  of  this  worthy  company, 
wliicli  was  incorporated  in  1888,  is  as  novel  as  it  is  useful.  They  began  business  January  1,  1890,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $aOO,Oo"o, 
for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  independent  standard  time  and  calendar  service,  at  a  rental  of  seventy-five  cents  per  month  for  each 
calendar  clock.  This  rental  includes  the  charges  for  hanging,  winding,  inspecting  and  caring  for  the  clocks.  Every  time-piece  is  warranted 
to  keep  good  time  and  are  most  convenient  for  offices,  shops,  stores,  institutions,  schools,  colleges  and  residences.  They  are  made  with  wal- 
nut, mahogany,  natural  and  antique  oak  cases,  when  desired,  and  are  three  feet  in  height  with  a  ten  inch  dial  and  two  inch  date  figures. 
Each  clock  indicates  the  time;  the  day  of  the  week;  the  month  and  the  date.  There  are  now  over  2000  of  these  clocks  in  service  in  New 
York  City  and  the  firm's  business  is  rapidly  spreading  over  the  United  States.  They  have  a  fine  factoiy  with  a  floor  surface  of  14,000  square 
feet,  and  at  their  office,  samples  of  the  calendar  time-pieces  may  be  seen.  We  have  also  noticed  that  there  are  many  of  these  clocks  injise  in 
the  stores  and  offices  of  the  buildings  shown  in  the  illustrations  on  the  pages  of  this  book.  We  learn  by  enquiring  at  the  ofBces  of  the  com- 
pany that  in  the  World  building,  page  40,  there  are  15  clocks;  Times  building,  5  clocks;  Aldrich  building,  8  clocks;  New  York  Life,  the 
collector's  ofBce,  Custom  House,  New  York,  New  York  Stock  Exchange.  Cotton  Exchange,  and  Coffee  Exchange.  View  from  Twenty- 
third  Street,  looking  south,  showing  Broadway  and  Fifth  Avenue,  ai4  Fifth  Avenue,  Pettus  &  Curtis,  Madison  Square  Garden,  Twenty- 
sixth  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue,  (4  clocks;)  "World  Building."  16  clocks;  "Tribune  Building,"  18  clocks;  "Times  Building,"  6  clocks.  Lower 
Broadway  from  Exchange  Place  (including)  Washington  Building.  10  clocks;  including  right  side  of  Broadway  which  is  not  sho\™,  there  are 
40  clocks  to  Exchange  Place ;  19  Broadway,  4  clocks;  35  Broadway,  T  clocks;  4.'i  Broadway,  5  clocks;  52  Broadway,  5  clocks.  Fifth  Avenue, 
looking  north  from  Forty-fifth  Street.  St.  Thomas  Church,  Fifty-third  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  Unity  Publishing  Company.  574  Fifth 
Avenue.  Broadway,  showing  Equitable  Building,  6  clocks;  Wilson  Pharmacy  (as  shown);  Opposite  side,  115  Broadway,  17  clocks;  opposite 
side,  137  Broadway,  5  clocks;  opposite  side,  145  Broadway,  5  clocks;  opposite  side.  Ill  Broadway,  6  clocks.  Wall  Street  from  Nassau, 
showing  old  Trinity  Church,  23  clocks,  to  Broadway.  Broadway,  from  Ninth  Street,  showing  Grace  Church,  Fleischman  Vienna  Bakery, 
4  ciocks;  Broadway,  showing  Astor  House  and  Postoftice;  Broadway  to  Chambers  Street,  42  clocks;  Park  Row,  (excluding  "Times,"  "Trib- 
une," "  World,"  given  above),  21  clocks.  (Stock  Exchange,  Broad  Street).  Drexel  Building,  5  clocks;  Mills  Building,  14  clocks.  Broadway, 
showing  Worth  Monument  and  Hoffman  House.  Worth  House,  1  clock;  927  Broadway,  2  clocks;  910  Purssell  Manufacturing  Company,  1  clock; 
898  Broadway,  1  clock.  Fourteenth  Street,  looking  west  from  Broadway.  Lincoln  Building,  4  clocks;  west  side  Union  Square,  looking 
north,  9  clocks;  Forty-second  Street,  showing  Grand  Central  Depot.  9  clocks.  The  prospects  for  this  new  company  are  exceedingly  flattering 
and  the  more  so,  in  as  much  as  the  Prentiss  Calendar  time-piece  is  a  convenience  long  needed. 

EMERSON  McMILLIN  &  CO.,  Negotiations  Conducted  for  Purchase  and  Sale,  and  Expert  Examinations  Made  of  Gas.  Electric, 
Water.  Street  Railway,  Coal,  Iron  and  Industrial  Properties,  No.  40  Wall  Street.— Among  the  noteworthy  firms  that  have  come  to 
the  front  in  Wall  Street  within  a  recent  period  there  is  none  more  worthy  of  mention  in  the  present  review  than  that  of  Emerson 
McJIillin  &  Co.,  whose  offices  are  located  at  Nos.  40  and  42  on  the  busy  thoroughfare  indicated.  They  are  negotiators  for  the  purchase 
and  sale  of  gas.  electric,  water,  street  railway,  coal,  iron  and  industrial  properties,  negotiating  securities  upon  the  personal  examina- 
tion of  plants,  factories,  mines,  franchises  and  other  interests,  and  though  but  a  comparatively  short  time  established  here  in  the  sphere  of 
activity  indicated  have  already  gained  a  measure  of  recognition  that  amply  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  enterprise.  They  now  num- 
ber in  their  clientele  some  of  New  Y^ork's  most  prominent  capitalists  and  shrewdest  investors,  the  patronage  of  the  firm  constantly  growing, 
and,  unless  all  the  indications  are  at  fault  their  prosperity  is  bound  to  endure,  as  their  business  is  certain  to  increase  and  extend.  Mr.  McMil- 
lin.  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  who  is  president  of  the  Laclede  Gas  Works,  St.  Louis,  and  also  of  the  Columbus  Gas  Works,  Columbus,  O., 
is  a  gas  engineer  of  exceptional  skill  and  thorough  experience,  and  is  an  expert  in  matters  pertaining  to  gas,  electricity,  etc.,  while  Mr.  W.  B. 
Wilson,  his  partner,  who  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  served  on  Gov.  Foraker's  staff,  has  been  engaged  in  banking  and  financial  transact  ions  some 
twenty-five  years  anjl  is  vice-president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Ironton.  O.  They  are  both  gentlemen  of  the  highest  personal  integrity, 
as  well  as  men  of  energy,  business  ability  and  skill,  and  are  experts  in  determining  the  present  and  prospective  values  of  the  class  of  proper- 
ties above  noted.  They  are  prepared  to  engage  in  all  classes  of  business  in  the  line  indicated,  giving  special  attention  to  personal  examina- 
tions of  gas.  electric,  water,  street  railway,  coal  and  iron  and  manufacturing  plants,  with  a  view  of  arriving  at  the  commercial  value  thereof  as 
features  of  financial  investment,  while  securities  are  negotiated  thereon,  likewise.  Stock  companies  are  organized,  also,  for  developing  and 
operating  such  properties  and  enterprises  are  promoted,  particular  attention  being  given  to  the  sale  of  securities,  and  all  interests  entrusted 
to  this  responsible  firm  are  certain  to  be  handled  in  the  most  judicious  and  trustworthy  manner. 

HENRY  H.  AD.\MS&CO.,  Henry  H.  Adams,  President,  Pig  Iron,  Ore.  Etc.,  No.  80  Broadway.— Considered  as  a  factor  in  the  sum 
of  commercial  activity  in  this  city,  the  importance  of  the  pig  iron  and  kindred  interests  can  hardly  be  over-estimated.  Tlie 
transactions  in  the  products  indicated  here  in  New  York  in  the  course  of  a  year  reach  vast  magnitude  and  represent  millions, 
while  the  volume  of  trade  grows  apace.  Notable  among  the  leading  firms  engaged  in  this  line  in  the  metropolis  is  that  of  Henry 
H.  Adams  &  Co.,  whose  offices  are  in  the  Union  Trust  Company  Building,  No.  80  Broadway,  and  who  handle  enormous 
quantities  of  pig  iron,  iron  ore  and  Connellsville  coke.  They  are  agents  for  the  Ranney  &  Berger  Iron  Co.,  New  Castle,  Pa.,  for  their 
celebrated  Norway  iron;  the  Columbus  and  Hocking  Coal  and  Iron  Co.,  of  Columbus,  O.;  the  H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Co.,  of  Pittsburg:  JIarshall 
Bros.,  of  Philadelphia;  the  Elniira  Iron  and  Steel  Rolling  Mill  Co.  of  Elmira,  N.  Y'.,  and  the  Jefferson  Iron  Co.,  of  Antwerp,  N.  Y'.,  Law- 
rence Furnace  Co.;  McKeefrey  &  Co.  for  the  famous  "Seneca;  "  and  their  business,  which  is  exceedingly  large,  affords  evidence  of  steady 
and  substantial  increase,  having  branches  also  in  Boston  and  Toledo.  With  their  exceptional  facilities,  the  firm  are  in  a  position  to  offer 
special  inducements,  quoting  bottom  prices  and  relations  once  formed  with  them  are  reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  an  enduring  business 
connection.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1885  by  the  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  and  by  him  conducted  alone 
up  to  Jidy,  1891,  when  it  was  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Y'ork,  with  a  capital  of  §100,000,  and  the  present  style 
adopted,  Mr.  Henry  .A.  .Adams  being  the  president,  and  Mr.  H.  H.  Mitchell  vice-president  and  treasurer.  This  is  also  the  eastern  ofiace  of 
the  Columbus  and  Hocking  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  with  headquarters  at  Columbus,  O.,  incorporated  in  1879,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$5,500,000,  and  of  which  Jlr.  .\dams  is  the  president,  and  W.  E.  C.  Coxe,  vice-president  and  general  manager.  They  are  manufacturers  of 
.American,  Scotch,  High  Silicon  "  Pencost,"  Foundry  and  Forge  irons,  and  dealers  in  Hocking  Kinkaid  and  Straitsville  coals,  and  in  both 
departments  of  the  business  their  trade  is  immense;  the  processes  by  which  their  specialties  in  iron  are  manufactured  are  of  the  most  perfect 
character,  a  uniformly  high  standard  of  excellence  being  maintained,  so  that  the  American,  Scotch  and  other  brands  of  pig  iron  of  this 
company  are  absolutely  unrivaled,  and  are  rapidly  increasing  in  demand  in  all  sections  of  the  countiy.  East  and  West.  The  coals  handled 
by  the  Columbus  and  Hocking  Coal  and  Iron  Co.,  are  thoroughly  adapted  for  use  by  steam,  ships,  locomotives,  rolling  mills,  glass  works 
and  all  kinds  of  smithing  and  steam  generating  purposes  where  intense  heat  is  a  desideratum,  and  command  an  immense  sale,  particularly 
in  the  West  and  North-west,  the  enterprise  of  the  company  under  the  able  and  efficient  direction  of  Mr.  .\dams  adJing  materially  to  the 
commerce  of  the  lakes  and  the  traffic  of  the  surroimding  country,  owing  to  the  notable  development  of  the  coal  trade  in  that  region. 


218 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  WESTMINSTER,  W.  G.  Schenck,  Proprietor;  Hotel,  East  Sixteenth  Street,  Near  Union  Square:  Apartment  House,  Nos.  Hi  and 
115  E.  Sixteenth  Street.— The  city  of  New  Yorii  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  possession  of  sucli  a  strietly  high-class  hotel  as 
The  Westminster,  situated  on  E.  Sixteenth  Street,  near  Union  Square.  This  is  one  of  the  thoroughly  modern  hosttlries  of  the  me- 
tropolis, with  the  most  refined  cuisine  and  service  of  any  in  the  city.  It  wa.s  built  and  opened  to  the  public  in  1870  by  Mr.  Jolm  Wes- 
ley, who  had  a  partner  named  Stillman  Witt,  the  heirs  of  whom  still  own  the  house.  Messrs.  Wesley  &  Witt  were  succeeded  by 
5Iessrs.  Palmer  &  Roberts,  well-known  hotel  men,  and  they  gave  place  to  Chas.  B.  Ferrin,  from  the  Revere  House,  Boston.  In  187S  Mr.  E. 
A.  Gilson  became  the  proprietor,  and  inaugurated  the  American  plan,  being  succeeded  in  1880  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Schenck,  tlie  present  popular 
host.  The  Westminster  is  eligibly  located  one  block  east  of  Union  Square,  on  the  corner  of  Sixteenth  Street  and  Irving  Place.  It  is  six 
stories  high,  75  x  80  feet  in  dimensions,  and  of  a  delicately  shaded  green  in  color.  The  ofllce  and  dining  rooms  are  situated  on  the  first  floor, 
and  are  handsomely  furnished  and  decorated.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  public  parlors  and  those  set  apart  for  ladies,  while  an  elevator 
and  a  marble  and  iron  staircase  connect  them  with  the  sleeping  apartments,  consisting  of  two  hundred  private  rooms.  Many  of  the  latter 
are  arranged  en  suite,  so  that  large  apartments  are  thus  available  for  families,  public  men,  etc.  The  service  of  the  Westminster  has  long 
been  celebrated.  The  wants  of  guests  are  anticipated,  their  wishes  and  calls  are  promptly  responded  to,  and  a  corps  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  assistants  contribute  to  the  satisfactory  operations  of  tlie  house.  A  few  years  ago  the  Westminster  was  entirely  reconstructed 
by  Messrs.  Bruner  &  Tyron,  the  well-known  architects,  aiiil  was  also  decorated  by  Messrs.  Wm.  Neilson  &  Son,  the  adorners  of  a  number  of 
Delmonico's  rooms.    It  now  embraces  all  the  modern  improvements,  including  electric  lights,  steam  heat,  electric  bells,  baths,  etc.,  and  the 


interior  is  one  of  the  handsomest  on  the  continent.  In  1884  an  addition  was  made  to  the  accommodations  of  the  hotel  in  the  opening  of  a 
six-story  apartment  house,  adjoining  the  hotel,  at  Nos.  113  and  116  E.  Sixteenth  Street.  This  is  a  great  advantage  and  is  appreciated 
by  citizens  and  tourists  alike.  Rooms  are  rented  in  suites  exclusively,  and  speaking  tubes  connect  them  with  the  offices  of  the  hotel.  This 
year  the  house  has  been  thoroughly  refurnished  and  redecorated  at  an  enormous  expen.se.  The  parlors,  dining-rooms  and  one  hundred 
rooms  being  done  over.  Electric  lights  have  been  put  in,  and  a  new  service  of  glass,  silver,  and  decorated  china  has  been  placed  in  the  din- 
ing-rooms.  The  entire  house  is  now  in  a  most  complete  and  attractive  condition.  The  Westminster  was  the  home  of  Charles  Dickens  on  all 
his  visits  to  this  country,  and  a  fine  likeness  of  him  adorns  the  walls  of  Mr.  Schenck's  private  office.  The  registers  of  the  Westminster  also  bear 
the  autographs  of  men  distinguished  in  every  walk  of  life,  and  experienced  tourists  from  France.  England.  Spain  and  South  America  are  among 
its  frequent  and  appreciative  guests.  There  is  always  to  be  found  here  service  in  both  English,  French  and  Spanish,  which  is  a  feature 
greatly  appreciated  by  foreigners.  The  rates  of  $.3.50  per  day  are  extremely  reasonable,  when  the  superiority  of  the  accommodations  and 
exceptionally  high  standard  of  the  cuisine  are  taken  into  consideration.  The  latter  has  always  been  a  special  feature  with  Mr.  Schenck. 
He  is  a  liberal  and  enterprising  purveyor,  and  all  the  luxuries  of  the  four  seasons  are  found  upon  his  bill  of  fare.  Mine  Host  Schenck  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  about  fifty-five  years  ago.  For  twenty-nine  years  he  was  proprietor  of  the  ^lerchants  Hotel,  on  Cortlandt  Street  in  this 
city,  and  his  name  is  known  and  honored  in  leading  hotel  circles  the  world  over.  He  is  quick  to  introduce  improvements,  conducts  his  hotel 
first  and  all  the  time  in  the  interest  of  his  guests,  and  the  gratification  of  his  patrons  is  evidenced  by  their  permanent  patronage  and  the 
flourishing  business  of  the  house.  His  right-hand  man  at  the  desk,  Mr.  Benjamin  Swope,  is  a  Kentuckian  by  birth,  the  proprietor  of  a  sum- 
mer hotel  at  Long  Branch,  and  is  eminently  popular  with  the  traveling  public. 


HISTORY  A^TD  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  219 

ir  ir  OORE  &  SCHLEY,  Bankers  &  Brokers.  No.  80  Broadway.— Tlie  financial  market  ot  this  city,  whose  daily  doings  are  flashed  to  all 
/^l       leading  monetary  centers,  is  one  of  the  principal  fields  for  tlie  exercise  of  superior  business  talent,  and  the  list  of  those  operating 
/       1      in  this  line  includes  the  names  of  many  of  New  York's  best  known  and  most  infiueutial  citizens.     One  of  the  principal  firms  in 
tlie  city  engaged  as  bankers  and  brokers  is  that  of  Moore  &  Schley,  whose  business  quarters  are  in  the  Union  Trust  Building,  No. 
R)  Broadway.    The  business  of  this  prominently  known  house  was  organized  fifteen  years  since  by  the  present  proprietors,  the 
co-partners  being  Jlessrs.  John  G.  Moore,  Grant  B.  Schley,  William  H.  Duff,  Elvertou  K.  Chapman  and  Henry  G.  Timmermann,  all  possess- 
ing a  wide  acquaintance  in  the  financial  and  general  business  world.    With  the  exception  of  Mr.  Timmermann,  all  of  the  members  hold 
seats  in  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  Mr.  Moora  having  been  admitt«d  in  1886,  Mr.  Schley  in  1881,  Mr.  Duff  in  1869,  and  Mr.  Chapman  in 
1889.    With  such  a  personnel  the  success  of  the  firm  was  assured  from  the  outset  and  the  extensive  patronage  that  has  been  developed  is 
of  the  most  influential  character.    Messrs.  Moore  cS:  Schley  occupy  for  ofliice  purposes  the  entire  first  floor  of  the  Union  Trust  Building,  its 
dimensions  being  50  x  120  feet.    The  place  is  handsomely  appointed  and  is  equipped  with  private  wires,  stock  indicators  and  all  requisite 
conveniences.    The  correspondents  of  the  house  are  E.  L.  Brewster  &  Co.,  Chicago;  J.  M.  Schoonmaker  &  Co.  and  Ervin  Tolland,  Philadel- 
phia: Irving  A.  Evans  &  Co.,  Boston.    The  latest  stock  news  is  constantly  being  received  and  the  fullest  information  regarding  the  move- 
ments of  the  market  is  available  to  customers.    Messrs.  Moore  &  Scliley  cany  on  general  operations  as  bankers  and  brokers,  handling  stocks, 
bonds  and  investment  securities  of  all  kinds,  and  their  ample  resources  enable  them  to  satisfactorily  meet  all  the  requirements  of  those  with 
whom  they  have  dealings. 

BARLOW  &  BANCROFT,  Barlow's  Insurance  Siu-veys,  No.  51  Cedar  Street.— In  the  earlier  days  of  insurance  companies  the 
business  was  surrounded  by  innumerable  pitfalls,  which  not  infrequently  led  to  the  downfall  of  those  financial  institutions,  and  the 
losses  eventuating  from  which — whether  provided  against  or  landing  their  victims  in  insolvency— all  fell  of  necessity  mainly  upon 
the  shoulders  of  insurers.  Among  the  numerous  safeguards  which  have  been  devised  against  these  is  the  adoption  of  Barlow's 
Insurance  Surveys,  the  companies  identified  with  which  are  enabled  to  offer  greater  inducements  to  policy  holders  by  virtue  ot  the 
greater  immunity  this  system  insures  to  them  against  the  acceptance  of  questionable  risks.  The  eminent  and  progressive  firm  who  intro- 
duced this  new  feature  and  who  are  the  pioneers  of  this  system  has  its  headquarters  at  No.  51  Cedar  Street,  the  partners  being  Mr.  C.  A.  Barlow 
and  Mr.  J.  M.  Bancroft.  The  house  makes  surveys  of  factory  buildings,  and  publishes  a  compendious  volume  showing  in  great  detail  the  kind 
of  structure  represented  by  each,  together  with  its  height,  provisions  for  safety  against  conflagration,  general  design,  and  much  other  infor- 
mation of  exceptional  value  of  those  connected  with  the  insurance  business.  The  labors  of  the  firm  become  year  by  year  of  greater  value  as 
their  surveying  operations  become  more  complete;  the  number  of  buildings  and  manufactories  they  have  now  surveyed  and  embraced  in 
their  volumes  reaching  the  enormous  figures  of  10,200.  The  eminent  companies  represented  by  Messrs.  Barlow  and  Bancroft  are:  The 
Home  Insurance  Co.,  NewY'ork;  Commonwealth,  New  York;  Niagara,  New  York;  American,  New  Y'ork;  German-American,  New  York; 
branch  agencies  in  the  same  city  of  the  Liverpool,  London,  and  Globe ;  the  North  British  and  Mercantile;  Commercial;  Lancashire;  Liberty 
Insurance  Co.;  Sun;  Fire;  Fidelity  and  Casualty  Co.;  the  .Etna,  Hartford,  Conn.;  and  the  Hartford,  the  Phoenix,  and  the  Orient  of  the  same 
city;  the  .American,  Fire,  and  the  Spring  Garden  Companies  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  and  the  Merchants'  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark,  N.  J.  The 
oflice  of  the  firm  at  the  address  named  is  25  feet  by  50  feet  in  dimensions,  aud  the  prominent  principals,  who  are  held  to  rank  at  the  very  top 
ot  their  profession  are  accessible  for  advice  on  all  important  matters  connected  with  the  profession  during  business  hours.  Mr.  Barlow  was 
born  in  New  Haven,  while  Mr.  Bancroft  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  Both  are  middle  aged  gentlemen  who  have  resided  for  a  considerable 
period  in  New  York,  where  they  are  highly  and  deservedly  respected. 

r-w-OHNSTONE  &  BUCKLEY,  Manufacturers  of  Superior  Goodyear  Welting,  No.  37  Ferry  Street.— The  manufacture  of  boots  and 
^~  I  shoes  in  this  country  is  an  enterprise  and  industry  so  vast  and  extensive  that  very  few.  even  ot  those  engaged  in  it  have  any  real  idea 
^1  ot  its  importance  and  dimensions.  Among  the  accessory  trades  connected  with  this  industry,  the  manufacture  of  welting  occupies  a 
II  promiuent  position,  and  in  this  connection  we  may  make  special  mention  of  the  well-known  house  of  Johnstone  &  Buckley,  of  No.  37 
Ferry  Street,  as  being  entitled  to  our  particular  notice.  This  prosperous  concern  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  superior 
Goodyear  Welting,  and  has  been  in  active  and  prosperous  operation  for  about  four. years.  The  firm  is  composed  ot  Mr.  R.  K.  Johnstone  and 
Mr.  Wm.  C.  Buckley,  both  of  whom  are  practical  experienced  men,  thoroughly  alive  to  the  needs  of  the  trade,  and  intimately  acquainted  with 
the  business  in  every  detail  and  department.  Mr.  Johnstone  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  is  regarded  as  the  pioneer  ot  the  welting  business  in 
this  country.  He  has  been  eleven  years  in  the  United  States,  and  is  exceedingly  popular  in  the  trade.  His  partner,  Mr.  Buckley,  is  a  young 
man,  and  a  native  of  Sag  Harbor.  The  premises  occupied  tor  business  purposes  comprise  three  lofts  with  an  area  ot  25  x  75  feet.  Steam- 
power  is  furnished  throughout,  and  a  most  complete  plant  of  modem  and  improved  appliances  is  provided.  Between  twenty  and  thirty 
experienced  hands  are  employed  in  the  estabUshment,  and  the  proprietors  devote  their  personal  supervision  to  every  part  ot  the  business. 
The  services  ot  two  competent  traveling  men  are  required  on  the  road,  aud  the  firm  have  large  and  remunerative  agencies  m  Paris,  and  in 
Northampton,  Eng.  The  business  connections  are  extensive  and  substantial.  The  patronage  extends  throughout  all  parts  ot  the  country 
and  Canada,  and  the  volume  ot  trade  is  steadily  increasing.  A  high  reputation  attaches  to  the  products  of  this  popular  house  and  the  goods 
find  a  hearty  reception  wherever  they  are  introduced. 

ILSLEY.  DOUBLEDAY  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  ot  Machinery  Oils,  Lubricating  Compounds,  Axle  Grease.  Plumbago  of  All  Kinds, 
Graptiite,  Oflice,  Nos.  229  aud  2:31  Front  Street.— Representative  among  the  ably  managed  and  influential  commercial  houses  in  New 
York  is  that  ot  Messrs.  Ilsley,  Doubleday  &  Co.,  the  well-known  manufacturers  ot  Machinery  oils.  Lubricating  compounds  and  Grease,  at 
Nos.  239  and  331  Front  Street.  This  house  was  originally  established  in  1872  by  William  C.  Ilsley,  who  gave  place  to  the  present  firm 
in  1873.  This  firm  are  deservedly  prominent  in  trade  circles  throughout  the  world  as  sole  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  "  Bidwell  Axle 
Grease,"  "  Crown  .Axle  Grease,"  "  Anchor  Axle  Grease,"  Graphite  mill  grease,  and  other  specialties;  while  their  house  has  long  been  head- 
quarters for  the  finest  grades  of  lubricating,  steam  refined  cylinder,  machinei-y,  paratfine  and  West  Virginia  oils,  plumbago  ot  all  kinds,  and 
graphite  paints.  The  firm  operate  extensive  works  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  and  also  control  a  large  trade  in  Sydney,  N.  S.  W.,  Aus.,  where  they 
have  established  a  branch  house,  and  also  a  branch  at  117th  Street  and  Third  Avenue,  this  city.  Their  salesrooms  on  Front  Street  comprise 
an  entire  five-story  building,  35  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  where  is  at  all  times  carried  the  largest  and  finest  stock  in  this  line  in  the  city.  The 
Cylinder  and  Machinery  oils  ot  this  house  are  popular  favorites  both  at  home  and  abroad,  and  their  lubricating  compounds  are  equally 
famous;  while  their  axle  greases  have  given  them  a  prestige  and  popularity  in  the  trade  unexcelled  by  any  of  their  contemporaries.  Their 
oils  and  greases  are  manufactured  with  the  greatest  care  and  by  the  most  approved  processes,  the  result  being  that  they  are  pure  and  reliable, 
and  are  in  constantly  increasing  demand  among  leading  manufacturers,  steamship  lines,  railway  companies  and  other  large  consumers.  The 
The  co-partners,  Messrs.  W.  C.  Ilsley,  C.  P.  Doubleday  and  E.  S.  Doubleday,  are  deservedly  prominent  in  the  business  world,  noted  tor  their 
wide  range  ot  experience,  and  give  close  personal  attention  to  the  operation  of  their  house.  Mr.  Ilsley  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  and  in  1885 
made  a  trip  around  the  world.  Mr.  C.  P.  Doubleday  is  a  native  of  Vermont,  wliile  his  son,  Mr.  E.  S.  Doubleday,  was  bom  in  California.  The 
firm  as  thus  constituted  is  a  valued  factor  in  New  York's  great  oil  trade,  and  is  materially  promoting  the  commercial  supremacy  of  the 
metropolis  in  that  line. 


220  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

TT  jr        LINDHEIM,  Packer  and  Importer  of  Leaf  Tobacco,  No.  191  Pearl  Street.— Among  the  many  importers  and  packers  of  leaf 
/%/■         tobacco  engaged  iu  this  city,  the  house  of  Mr.  M.  Lindheim  holds  a  prominent  place  in  the  foremost  ranks  of  the  trade,  and  is 
/        ■        regarded  as  one  of  the  most  rehable  importers  and  packers  in  New  York.    This  house  was  established  by  the  present  proprietor 
"^      "^  *   hi  1870,  since  whicli  time,  it  has  steadily  grown,  year  by  year,  in  favor  and  support,  until  the  trade  it  now  controls,  extends  to  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  among  the  most  representative  section  of  manufacturers,  retailers,  and  other  large  con- 
sumers.   The  firm,  besides  being  packers  of  leaf  tobacco,  are  direct  importers  of  the  choicest  crops  of  Havana,  Sumatra  and  ]\Ianilla  growths, 
of  which  a  very  heavy  and  comprehensive  stock  is  always  carried,  as  well  as  that  of  domestic  growth.    The  large  volume  of  trade  now  con- 
trolled, necessitates  the  maintenance  of  premises,  at  No.  191  Pearl  Street,  which  consist  of  three  floors  and  basement,  each  measuring  25  x 
100  feet;  comprising  office,  salesroom  and  warehouse;  all  being  admirably  adapte-d  for  receiving,  storing  and  delivering  the  heavy  consign- 
ments of  choice  tobacco  leaf  handled,  and  furnished  with  every  convenience  for  facilitating  the  due  prosecution  of  the  business.    Every 
detail  of  the  firm's  affairs  is  conducted  under  the  close  personal  care  and  attention  of  the  able  and  experienced  principal,  who  possesses  a 
thorough,  practical  knowledge  of  the  tobacco  trade  from  planting  to  cigar  manufacture.     He  is  a  native  of  Germany,  having  resided  iu  this 
country  for  the  past  twenty-eight  years,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Tobacco  Board  of  Trade,  and  several  leading  societies  in  the  city. 

r-w-  GRAF  &  CO.,  (American  Embroidery  Co.,)  Manufactnrers  of  Embroidery,  Nos.  254  and  2.56  Canal  Street.— Appropriately  named 
-.  I  the  '  American  Embroidery  Co.,'  the  prominent  and  trusted  firm  of  Messrs.  J.  Graf  Jt  Co.,  one  of  the  oldest  in  its  line  in  the  city— 
^  I         manufactures  embroideries  of  all  kinds  for  tlie  supply  of  the  trade  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  as  well  as  midertaking  braiding,  cord- 

I  I    *  ing,  and  beading,  iu  every  style  to  order,  on  a  large  scale,  and  in  the  most  workmanlike  manner.     Moreover,  the  firm  has  the  best 

of  modern  machinery,  actuated  by  steam-power,  and  is  thus  able,  while  giving  place  to  none  in  the  beauty  of  its  work,  to  produce 
really  artistic  goods  at  the  lowest  possible  cost;  and  therefore  to  supply  at  prices  that  challenge  competition.  This  popular  house  was 
founded  fifteen  years  ago  by  the  gentleman  who  now  conducts  its  affairs  with  such  consummate  skill— Mr.  J.  Graf- and  who  is,  in  reality, 
its  sole  proprietor.  He  has  had  a  veiy  long  experience  in  this  hne  of  business  both  in  this  country  and  in  Switzerland,  the  laud  of  his  birth, 
and  is  exceptionally  qualified  to  give  the  best  interpretation  to  all  designs  that  may  be  entrusted  to  the  house;  while  he  devotes  unremitting 
attention  to  the  affairs  of  the  business,  and  takes  a  laudable  pride  in  sending  out  only  such  goods  as  reflect  entire  credit  upon  the  establish- 
ment. This  is  located  at  Nos.  2."j4  and  256  Canal  Street,  and  comprises  two  floors;  and  the  staff  of  sixty  expert  hands  there  employed  is 
organized  in  a  most  complete  manner.  Mr.  Graf  is  »  gentlemaa  In  the  f ull  prime  of  life,  and  is  well  aud  favorably  known,  and  distinctly 
prominent  in  connection  with  the  ti-ade. 

THE  GH.L  ENGRAVING  COMPANY,  Photo- En  graving,  E.  M.  Gill,  President,  G.  M.  GiU,  Treasurer,  Nos.  39  and  41  Park  Place.— 
The  high  degree  of  perfection  to  which  the  typographic  arts  have  been  developed  is  one  of  the  especially  notable  features  that 
mark  the  progressive  age  in  which  we  live.  The  advance  made  in  the  processes  and  methods  of  engraving  during  recent  years 
is  nothing  less  than  marvelous,  and  this  is  true  particularly  of  the  particular  branch  of  the  art  to  which  photography  has  been 
so  successfully  applied.  What  with  discovery  in  the  domain  of  chemistry,  invention  and  improvements,  the  progress  made  in 
the  direction  indicated,  is  a  distinct  triumph  of  science  and  skill.  And  while  on  the  subject  under  review,  special  complimentary  notice 
is  due  here  to  the  Gill  Engraving  Company,  the  widely  known,  artistic  photo-engravers,  of  Nos.  39  and  41  Park  Place,  who  turn  out  a 
class  of  work  (by  the  GiU  patented  photo-electrotype  process),  of  exceptional  merit.  They  are  by  general  assent  the  foremost  expo- 
nents of  this  interesting  and  useful  branch  of  art  in  the  city,  and  the  most  rapidly  growing,  all-round  engraving  concern  in  the  entire 
country,  while  their  patronage,  which  extends  throughout  the  U«ited  States,  is  fully  commensurate  with  the  well-deserved  reputation 
they  enjoy,  both  for  character  of  workmanship  and  for  promptness  and  reliability  in  executing  orders.  Messrs.  E.  M.  and  G.  M.  Gill, 
president  and  treasurer,  respectively  of  this  flourishing  enterprise,  are  gentlemen  in  the  prime  of  hfe,  and  natives  of  Massachusetts,  but 
residents  of  New  York  for  some  years.  They  are  young  men  of  push  and  energy,  as  well  as  of  unequivocal  skill  and  ingenuity,  and  are, 
in  short,  thorough  masters  of  their  art  in  all  its  branches.  They  have  been  established  since  16H7.  and  the  signal  success  that  has 
attended  their  efforts  from  the  fu"st  abundantly  attests  the  superiority  of  the  work  executed  by  them,  as  well  as  the  satisfaction  ren- 
dered to  their  wide-spread  and  discriminating  patrons.  A  few  years  ago,  the  Messrs.  Gill  originated  the  idea  of  reproducing  books  entire 
in  fac-simile  by  photography,  or,  perhaps,  to  speak  more  correctly,  invented  and  perfected  the  only  known  process  by  which  such 
work  has  ever  been  done  practicably.  The  results  of  their  invention  and  improvements  have  been  immense  and  far  reaching,  and  have 
created  a  veritable  revolution  in  the  book  world,  publishers  being  enabled  thereby  to  place  the  Encyclopcedia  Britannica,  bibles,  medical 
works,  law  books,  dictionaries,  etc.,  on  the  market  at  materially  reduced  prices.  Their's  is  also  the  very  best  process  for  reproducing  music, 
and  is  the  only  process  ever  perfected  which  furnishes  an  electrotype  plate  ready  for  patent  blocks  precisely  the  same  as  an  electro  direct 
from  type.  The  plates  have  no  "  shoulder:  "  they  have  an  even  "  color  "  throughout,  and  can  be  turned  out  in  quantities  that  throw  the 
zinc  etching  and  other  processes  completely  in  the  shade,  while  the  cost  is  low.  The  Gill  Engraving  Company  occupy  spacious,  commodious 
and  well  equipped  premises,  their  facilities  being  of  a  very  superior  character,  and  employ  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  expert  hands,  exercising 
immediate  personal  supervision  themselves  over  every  department.  Their  aje  prepared  to  give  estimates  on  all  classes  of  photo-engraving, 
including  designing  and  portraits  for  periodicals,  mechanical  drawings,  "half  tone"  cuts  and  mercantile  engraving  generally,  making  a 
leading  specialty,  however,  of  book  reproduction  by  their  own  patented  photo-electrotype  process,  and  guarantee  satisfaction  in  every 
instance,  while  their  charges  are  remarkably  moderate,  everything  considered,  and  all  orders  are  executed  in  the  most  expeditious  manner. 
While  this  company  makes  a  specialty  of  book  reproduction,  yet  it  is  doing  illustrated  work  by  the  zinc  process  as  well  as  by  the  brass  and 
copper  process.  They  dwell  especially  ou  their  gelatine  type  process  as  they  originated  the  idea  of  reproducing  books  entire  by  it,  and  hold 
a  patent  on  the  same. 

r-w-  AMES  M.  THORBURN  &  CO..  Seedsmen,  No.  15  John  Street.—There  is  no  commercial  enterprise  which  adds  more  to  the  mercantile 
—^  I  industries  of  a  city  than  the  firms  devoting  their  attention  to  the  handling  of  seeds.  This  for  the  reason  that  the  seed  of  the  land  is  a 
\M  I       commodity  of  absolute  and  indispensable  value  to  the  world  at  large.    The  oldest  house  of  this  kind  in  the  United  States  is  that  of 

II  James  M.  Thorburn  &  Co..  of  No.  15  John  Street.    This  notable  and  world-famed  firm  was  established  in  1802,  by  Grant  Thorbui  n.     He 
was  succeeded  by  G.  C.  Thorburn.  who  conducted  the  business  until  his  death,  about  fifty  years  ago,  when  his  son,  James  M.  Thorburn, 

succeeded  him.  He  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and  now  well  advanced  in  years.  Many  years  ago,  the  business  grew  to  such  an  extent  that  he 
found  it  incumbent  to  take  a  partner,  which  he  did,  in  the  person  of  a  sterling  business  man,  F.  W.  Bruggerhof,  a  native  of  Germany. 
They  do  a  national  trade,  and  vt^ry  extensive  it  is,  their  seeds  being  known  in  every  quarter  of  the  country.  They  carry  a  tremendous 
stock  of  vegetable,  grass,  clover,  hay,  and  flower  seeds  of  every  variety,  in  order  to  promptly  fill  any  aud  all  orders.  They  are  the  owners 
of  the  building  iu  which  they  are  located  and  which  is  known  as  the  '^  Salamander,"  on  account  of  the  numerous  fires  in  its  immediate 
vicinity,  which  have  swept  away  everything  on  either  side  of  it  while  it  has  always  escaped  with  nothing  worse  than  a  scorching.  As  to 
the  reputation  of  this  great  firm,  Messrs.  Thorburn  Co.,  they  are  noted  in  commercial  circles  for  their  honorable  methods  and  sterling 
integrity,  and  well  merit  the  large  share  of  success  to  which  they  have  attained. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  221 

» 

TA.  RICHARDS,  Engravers'  and  Ruling  Jlachines,  No.  75  Fulton  Street.— Every  visitor  to  theAmerican  Institute  remembers  the  exhibit 
made  there  by  T.  A.  Richards,  machinist  and  engineer  of  No.  75  Fulton  Street.  He  is  the  well-known  agent  for  engraving  machines, 
for  wood,  steel  or  stone.  He  established  his  business  in  1873  and  has  a  fine  place,  40  x  90  feet,  where  he  gives  employment  to  fifteen 
•  persons.  Mr.  Richards  is  an  American  of  advanced  years,  his  business  being  superintended  by  George  D.  Curtis,  a  resident  of  Brook- 
lyn and  an  active  member  of  the  Strong  Post,  No.  534,  Q.  A.  R.  Mr.  Richards  carries  810,000  worth  of  stock  and  does  about  $40,000 
worth  of  trade  per  year.  His  special  machines  are  the  Improved  Rulinn  machine  which  he  has  lately  remodeled.  He  was  the  maker  of  the 
Bellman  machine  for  seven  years.  He  also  manufactures  the  new  protection  foot  which  makes  a  perfectly  even  tint  on  an  even  block  and 
enables  the  operator  to  engrave  the  block  clean  to  either  edge,  the  double-ender  pawl  which  in  connection  with  the  perfection  foot  will  run 
this  machine  equally  well  either  way,  and  the  graduated  wave  disc,  by  means  of  which  the  operator  can  turn  instantly  to  their  wave  and 
also  take  a  record  of  any  work,  all  of  these  improvements  are  original  and  Mr.  Richards  warrants  every  machine.  He  ij  the  sole  dealer  in 
this  class  of  wares  and  consequently  has  a  vei'y  extensive  line  of  trade. 

DAVID  G.  RYER,  Commission  Dealer  in  Country  Produce,  Domestic  Fruit,  Etc.,  No.  II"  Warren  Street.— In  connection  with  the  trade 
relating  to  the  dealing  in  country  produce  on  commission,  the  firm  of  which  Mr.  David  G.  Ryer  has  been  the  talented  head  (or  the 
past  twenty-one  years,  is  naturally  called  to  recollection,  that  being  one  with  a  total  record  of  over  half  a  century  of  trading  in  the 
produce  line,  and  to  which  a  special  interest  attaches,  by  reason  of  its  gradual  but  never  faltering  development  from  an  exceedingly 
humble  beginning  to  its  present  very  commanding  and  extensive  trade.  Originally,  the  business  was  conducted  at  the  sidewalk  of 
Washington  Market  by  Mr.  T.  W.  Ryer,  and  the  present  principal  first  appeared  in  the  house  as  the  "  company  "  in  T.  W.  Ryer  &  Co.,  subse- 
quently becoming  sole  proprietor  upon  the  retirement  of  his  father  in  1870.  Meanwhile,  premises  had  been  occupied  in  Washington 
Market,  from  which  a  removal  was  afterwards  made  up  town,  and  finally,  in  1889,  to  the  present  eligible  and  commodious  quarters  at  No.  117 
Warren  Street,  the  operations  of  the  house  in  the  meantime  having  systematically  expanded  until  they  have  come  to  reach  exceedingly 
large  proportions;  the  three  spacious  floors,  each  25  s  100  feet  in  amplitude,  and  utilized  to  the  full  for  the  storage  of  every  description  of 
countrj-  produce,  domestic  fruits,  etc.,  affording  substantial  evidence  of  this,  and  especially  when  the  celerity  with  which  the  constant  re- 
shipment  of  merchandise  by  the  staff  of  from  seven  to  ten  busy  employees  is  taken  into  account.  Consignments  of  produce  of  varying 
lands,  are  received  with  great  regularity  and  in  enormous  total  bulk,  from  clients  in  almost  every  section  of  the  country,  in  consequence  of 
the  ready  market  the  house  has  been  found  to  possess,  and  as  a  tribute  to  its  consistently  honorable  treatment  of  all  who  are  brought  into 
business  relations  with  it;  while  its  connection  among  dealers  is  scarcely  less  far  reaching,  a  specially  large  trade  being  done  with  the 
southern  states.  Mr.  David  G.  Ryer,  who  is  fifty-six  years  of  age,  was  born  in  New  York,  and  is  respected  alike  in  its  business  and  social 
circles.  He  commenced  business  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  and  has  had  a  long  and  prosperous  career  of  thirty-four  years  in  this  line 
of  business  which  he  understands  in  all  its  details,  and  being  very  popular  with  both  consignors  and  patrons,  is  held  in  the  very  highest 
esteem  for  his  honorable  and  straightforward  methods.  He  is  president  of  the  Berry  Growers  Association  of  New  Jersey,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  Order,  and  held  in  the  highest  estimation  in  business  and  social  life. 

"W"^  OCKFORD  WATCH  CO.,  Rockford,  Illinois.  J.  P.  Drake,  Agent,  No.  11  Maiden  Lane.— Within  a  quarter  of  a  century  or  so,  the  branch 
m^      of  industry  devoted  to  the  wholesale  manufacturing  of  watches  has  grown  from  comparatively  insignificant  proportions  to  vast 
I  %       magnitude  in  the  United  States,  and  among  the  notewortiiy  concerns  engaged  in  the  line  indicated  in  this  country,  there  is  not  one 
V     that  is  more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  than  the  Rockford  Watch  Co.,  of  Rockford,  Illinois,  whose  New  York  office,  J.  P. 
Drake,  agent,  is  eligibly  located  at  No.  11  Maiden  Lane.    They  manufacture  some  forty  different  kinds  of  watches,  and  their  goods, 
which  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard,  are  not  only  in  widespread  and  increasing  demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  entire 
American  continent,  but  ai'e  exported  extensively  besides,  to  all  parts  of  the  earth,  being  unsurpassed  in  any  feature  of  merit  in  their  respec- 
tive grades  by  anything  of  the  kind  on  the  market.    The  Rockford  Watch  Co.,  of  which  W.  H.  Price  is  president  and  Geo.  E.  Knight,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Illinois  with  a  capital  stock  of  $.300,000,  and  commenced  business  in  1874,  and  the 
New  York  branch  was  established  in  1886.    The  factory  at  Rockford  is  a  capacious  and  perfectly  equipped  plant,  and  upward  of  five  hundred 
hands  are  there  employed,  the  average  daily  output  being  about  four  hundred  watches.    The  quarters  occupied  as  office  and  salesroom  on 
Maiden  Lane,  this  city,  are  compact,  ample  and  well  appointed,  and  an  efl^cient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  here  employed,  Mr.  Drake 
himself  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail  of  the  business.    A  large  and  complete  assortment  of  the  company's  productions 
is  constantly  kept  in  stock  here  in  four  massive  safes,  and  includes  fine  gold  and  silver  watches  in  every  size,  style,  design,  grade  and 
variety,  every  one  of  which  is  warranted  as  to  make,  material  and  accuracy  as  a  time-keeper.    All  orders  receive  immediate  attention,  while 
the  prices  quoted  are  invariably  rock-bottom  figures.    Mr.  Drake,  the  New  York  representative  of  the  Rockford  Watch  Co.,  is  a  gentleman 
of  middle  age  and  a  man  of  thorough  experience  in  this  line,  and  was  formerly  treasurer  of  the  corporation  for  a  number  of  years,  and  has 
represented  the  company  in  this  city  for  the  past  two  years. 

EA.  BROWN  &  CO.,  Commission  Merchants,  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Poultry,  Game  and  Eggs,  No.  178  Reade 
Street.— The  remarkable  development  of  the  general  produce  commission  interests  of  the  city  of  New  York  during  the  past  quarter 
of  a  century  probably  finds  no  counterpart  in  the  history  of  the  growth  of  any  other  branch  of  industry,  commerce  or  trade  in  the 
•  city.  Within  the  period  mentioned  scores  of  large  and  flourishing  concerns  devoted  to  the  wholesale  handling  of  fruits,  vegetables 
and  farm  products  have  been  started  and  the  number  steadily  increases.  A  decidedly  prosperous  and  popular  house  among  the 
number  referred  to  and  justly  worthy  of  its  excellent  reputation  for  reliable,  straightforward  business  methods  is  that  of  Messrs.  E.  A.  Brown 
&  Co.,  commission  merchants  and  wholesale  dealers  in  fruits  and  vegetables,  etc.,  whose  ably  conducted  establishment  is  located  at  No.  178 
Reade  Street,  near  Washington  Street,  and  whose  business  connections  are  of  a  most  substantial  character.  This  stanch  and  responsible 
house  was  founded  originally  in  1886  by  Messrs.  E.  A.  Brown  and  H.  Greenberg,  and  at  once  developed  a  very  large  and  influential  trade, 
which  is  exclusively  wholesale  commission  and  extends  throughout  the  United  States.  Owing  to  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Greenberg,  January 
1st,  1891,  the  business  has  been  conducted  under  the  same  firm  title  by  Mr.  Brown,  who  prior  to  entering  this  concern,  had  been  a  prominent 
member  of  the  commission  house  of  Messrs.  Brown  ,S  De  Winter.  The  premises  utilized  are  of  ample  dimensions,  commodious  and  fully 
provided  with  every  facility  for  meeting  all  the  requirements  of  the  trade,  which  involves  the  daily  handling  of  large  consignments  of  every- 
thing in  the  line  of  country  produce,  from  the  best  producing  regions  of  this  state.  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland  and  other 
portions  of  the  south  and  west,  embracing  choice  dairy  and  creamery  butter,  live  and  dressed  poultry,  eggs,  the  very  choicest  of  orchard  and 
garden  fruits,  vegetables,  a  specialty  being  early  southern  products.  A  ready  market  is  obtained  for  all  consignments  at  top  ruling  figures 
for  which  accurate  returns  are  made  promptly,  and  when  desired  liberal  advances  are  made.  Receiving  and  handling  only  the  best  goods,  his 
establishment  is  a  noted  headquarters  for  first-class  retailers,  city  and  summer  resort  hotels,  restaurants  and  city  clubs  to  procure  their  sup- 
plies. Orders  by  mail  or  wire  receive  personal  attention  and  prices  are  always  satisfactory  to  close  and  critical  buyers.  Mr.  Brown  is  a 
wide-awake,  energetic  and  popular  dealers,  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange,  and  a  highly  respected  resident  of  Brook- 
lyn. 


222 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  MERCANTILE  PRINTING  CO..  Successors  to  William  S.  Saunderson,  Book.  Job  and  Law  Printing,  Nos.  58  and  60  Fulton  Street.— 
Though  the  iMercantile  Printing  Co.  only  began  business  November  1,  1890,  as  successors  to  AVilliam  S.  Saunderson,  who  had  estab- 
lished the  house  a  short  time  prior  to  that  date,  the  new  organization  already  commands  an  extensive  trade  and  must  in  the  natural 
order  of  business  affairs  rapidly  increase  it.  This  is  true  because  their  establishment  is  most  admirably  equipped  for  the  special- 
ties in  which  it  engages,  employs  the  most  competent  workmen,  and  is  ably  managed.  The  printing  of  books  is  of  course  an  exact- 
ing work,  none  is  more  so  and  none  requires  greater  accuracy  than  must  be  bestowed  upon  law  printing,  where  a  single  error  may  be 
fatal  and  attended  with  expensive  delay  if  not  with  serious  loss.  In  both  of  these  important  branches  of  the  business  the  Mercantile 
Printing  Co.  justly  pride  themselves  upon  their  accuracy  and  reliability.  Equal  merit  is  conceded  their  general  job  work,  and  special  notice 
is  due  the  padding  which  they  do  by  the  Johnson  process.  They  occupy  the  first  floor,  with  an  area  of  25  x  60  feet,  where  there  are  four  first- 
class  presses,  run  by  steam,  and  an  outfit  of  type  fully  equal  to  every  demand  of  the  trade.  They  employ  twelve  competent  men  and  are 
doing  a  general  trade  such  as  many  an  older  house  has  failed  to  secure.  3Ir.  Saunderson,  who  founded  the  business  at  No.  356  Pearl  Street, 
and  still  manages  it  at  the  present  location  is  a  live,  energetic,  honorable  and  straightforward  business  man. 


r-|- OSEPH  BAIERLEIN,  Successor  to 
— .  I  John  Riegelmann,  Flour  Mer- 
■©  I  chant,  No.  48  Front  Street.— With 
II  a  standing  of  over  twenty  years, 
the  responsible  house  of  Mr.  Jo- 
seph Baierlein,  jobber  in  flour,  meal,  lard 
and  general  bakers'  supphes,  of  No.  -18 
Front  Street,  now  controls  a  most  exten- 
sive connection,  reaching  to  all  parts  of 
this  city  and  the  adjacent  commercial 
centers,  among  such  representative  pa- 
trons as  first-class  bakers,  confectioners, 
hotels,  restaurants,  etc.  This  liberal 
measure  of  support  has  been  accorded 
the  firm  by  virtue  of  the  reliability  of  its 
goods,  their  consistent  cheapness  and  its 
abihty  to  supply  a  full  line  of  bakers'  sup- 
plies, including  every  possible  requisite 
for  the  better  and  larger  establishments. 
Moreover,  the  firm's  long  connections  with 
the  best  growers  and  raisers  in  the  coun- 
try, and  the  heavy  consignments  pur- 
chased at  a  time,  enable  it  to  ensure  to 
its  patrons  a  steady  and  consistent  sup- 
ply, at  terms  and  prices,  which  even  the 
largest  and  oldest  houses  find  it  difficult 
to  duplicate;  while  those  not  possessin;j 


the  fullest  advantage  of  long  experience 
ability  and  enterprise,  are  quite  unable  to 
compete.  The  business  was  initiated  in 
1870  by  Mr.  John  Riegelmann,  who  was 
succeeded  five  years  ago  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Baierlein  the  present  sole  proprietor;  who 
has  since  conducted  the  enterprise  in  his 
own  name.  The  extensive  trade  now  at 
the  command  of  the  house,  aggregating 
tliirty  or  forty  thousand  barrels  annually, 
necessitates  the  maintenance  of  prem- 
ises, at  the  location  indicated  consisting 
of  five  floors,  each  25  x  100  feet  in  super- 
ficial area;  used  as  office,  store  and  sales- 
1  om;  all  of  which  are  fitted  in  the  most 
t  jnvenient  manner  for  facilitating  the 
re*  eiving,  storing  and  dispatching  of  the 
heavy  lines  of  goods  handled,  a  large 
st  ^ck  of  which  is  always  on  hand  and 
itady  for  immediate  delivery.  Mr.  Baier- 
lein is  a  member  of  the  Produce  Ex- 
change, and  possesses  a  ripe  experience 
in  this  line  extending  over  fifteen  years  of 
]  1  ictical  working.  He  is  a  native  New 
\  rker,  and  a  prominent  figure  in  the 
business  world. 


Cradle  of  American  Methodism.— ■V\  illiau  St. 


CRONK  &,  CO.,  Importers  and  Manufacturers  of  Fine  Cloaks,  Etc.,  No.  79  White  Street.— If  the  American  ladies  are  the  most  neatly  and 
tastefully  dressed  in  the  world,  as  is  conceded  by  all  intelligent  travelers  and  foreigners,  it  is  in  no  small  degree  owing  to  the  fact  that 
those  industries  engaged  in  producing  their  garments  have  attained  such  a  remarkably  high  degree  of  perfection  as  compared  with 
almost  any  other  branch  of  commercial  industry.  The  wholesale  manufacture  and  trade  in  these  goods  have  long  been  centered  in 
New  York,  and  one  of  tlie  houses  engaged  in  a  special  branch  of  this  business  that  has  been  foremost  in  promoting  the  standard  of  ele- 
gance in  dress,  in  ladies  cloaks  and  similar  garments  is  that  of  Messrs.  Cronk  &  Co.,  which  is  centrally  located  at  No.  79  White  Street.  This 
widely  known,  prosperous  and  ably  conducted  establishment  was  founded  originally  in  1881  by  Mr,  N.  Bliss  at  No.  55  Franklin  Street,  and  was 
conducted  by  him  with  eminent  success  and  ability  until  1884,  when  it  passed  into  the  control  of  Mr.W.  H.  Cronk,  under  the  present  firm  title, 
and  during  his  vigorous  and  enterprising  management  has  always  maintained  the  highest  of  reputations  in  consequence  of  its  high-class, 
artistic  and  fashionable  productions,  and  for  honorable  and  reliable  treatment  of  customers.  The  present  location  has  been  occupied  for  some 
time  and  comprises  two  entire  floors,  each  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  easy  of  access  to  customers  and  admirably  fitted  up  with  special 
reference  to  both  business  and  manufacturing  purposes.  The  factory  is  under  his  immediate  personal  supervision  and  none  but  the  most 
skillful  designers  and  experienced  hands  are  employed,  there  being  a  force  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  constantly  engaged  in  and  out  of  the 
establishment  in  order  to  meet  the  demands  of  his  trade,  which  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  is  constantly  increasing  in  volume 
and  importance.  In  the  showrooms  will  be  found  at  all  times  a  full  and  complete  assortment  of  everything  in  the  line  of  ladies'  cloaks,  jack- 
ets, sacques.  dolmans,  and  every  kind  of  outside  manufactured  wrap,  all  of  the  very  latest  and  most  fashionable  styles,  which  upon  inspection 
reveals  the  fact  that  they  are  made  of  the  very  best  productions  of  foreign  and  domestic  looms,  elegantly  and  suitably  trimmed  by  the 
most  skilful  designers  and  workmen,  while  the  finer  grades  are  fully  equal  in  all  respects  to  the  same  class  of  goods  made  to  order  by  ladies' 
tailors.  A  full  and  choice  assortment  of  foreign  goods  of  his  own  importation  is  also  carried  which  are  unsurpassed  in  quality  of  material, 
finish  and  workmanship.  Buying  materials  in  large  quantities  direct  from  the  manufacturers  on  terms  which  the  smaller  competitors  can- 
not command,  and  having  special  facilities  for  the  production  of  his  garments,  and  withal  confining  himself  to  the  manufacture  of  a  superior 
line  of  goods  he  is  in  a  position  to  give  to  the  trade  exceptional  advantages.  To  these  facts  are  due  the  progress  and  development  of 
the  really  fine  class  of  business  he  enjoys.  Mr.  Cronk  is  a  native  of  Newburgh,  tliis  state,  and  has  been  a  resident  here  for  many  years. 
During  the  late  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  served  his  country  for  four  years  in  the  127th  Regiment  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  and  103d  Reg- 
iment U.  S.  C.  T.  Infantry,  and  is  a  prominent  and  highly  esteemed  comrade  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Department  of  New  York. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  223 

CLIIIAX  STOPPER  AND  BOTTLE  C05IPANY,  No.  46  Murray  Street.— The  recent  patents,  improvements  and  developments  that  have 
been  introduced  into  the  manufacture  of  bottles,  stoppers,  etc.,  liave  led  to  the  formation  of  several  influential  undertakings  during  the 
last  few  years ;  and  one  of  the  most  representative  enterprises  of  this  kind  in  New  York  is  the  Climax  Stopper  and  Bottle  Company, 
located  at  No.  4S  Murray  Street.  This  institution  was  initiated  as  a  duly  incorporated  company,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  in  3Iay  1890;  the  officers,  both  well  known  for  their  enterprise,  business  ability  and  high  principles  of  mutual  trading,  being 
Mr.  C.  T.  Nightingale,  president,  and  Mr.  L.  H.  Wilson,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  company  has  secured  the  sole  right  of  manufacture  for 
a  number  of  styles  of  bottles  and  patent  stoppers,  whose  efficacy,  durability  and  simplicity  have  secured  for  them  a  large  and  widely 
extending  sale.  The  trade  of  the  concern,  which  is  strictly  at  wholesale,  now  reaches  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States;  the  lines 
dealt  in  being  very  heavy  and  lying  with  some  of  the  largest  users  in  the  country.  The  company  have  a  big  storeroom  on  West 
Street,  where  an  immense  stock  of  their  manufactures  is  always  kept,  from  which  the  largest  orders  can  be  filled  without  delay. 
At  the  premises  on  Murray  Street,  which  consist  of  a  tloor  30  x  50  feet  in  dimensions,  used  as  office,  workshop,  etc.,  six  efficient  helpers  are 
steadily  employed ;  the  fittings  and  general  appointments  being  all  of  the  latest  pattern  and  embracing  every  convenience  for  the  due  prose- 
cution of  the  large  trade  conducted.  A  traveling  salesman  watches  the  company's  best  interests  on  the  road,  and  contributes  largely  to  the 
steadily  increasing  volume  of  orders;  which  reach  the  company  from  all  parts.  Mr.  Nightingale,  the  president,  was  bom  iu  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  resident  of  this  city,  and  is  a  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M.  and  ^the  Crescent  League;  Mr.  Wilson,  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  is  a 
native  of  this  city. 

DATTELBAUM  &  FRIEDMAN,  Manufacturers  of  Fancy  and  Diamond  Rings,  also  Plain  Rings,  No.  4  Maiden  Lane.— Among  the 
many  special  lines  into  which  the  manufacturing  jewelry  business  has  been  subdivided  none  is  of  greater  importance,  as  regards  the 
amount  of  capital  involved,  the  number  of  hands  employed,  or  the  volume  of  its  trade  than  that  of  ring  manufacturing.  The  lead- 
ing house  engaged  in  this  special  branch  of  trade  in  this  city  and  one  which  has  achieved  a  remarkable  degree  of  success,  is  that  of 
Messrs.  Dattelbaum  &  Friedman,  No.  4  Maiden  Lane.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1874  by  Jlessrs.  William  Dattel- 
baum  and  Isaac  Friedman,  both  natives  of  Austria,  who  have  resided  in  this  coimtry  for  twenty -one  years.  They  are  thoroughly  experienced 
jewelers  and  by  devoting  their  whole  time  and  attention  to  one  branch  of  the  business  and  making  their  special  line  of  goods  the  very  best 
manufactured  they  have  succeeded  in  building  up  a  very  large  trade  which  now  extends  to  every  portion  of  the  country.  They  manufacture 
and  sell  to  the  trade  fancy  and  diamond  rings,  also  plain  rings  in  great  variety.  Their  premises,  which  are  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  are 
well  arranged  and  equipped  and  thoroughly  adapted  for  the  purposes  to  whicii  they  are  devoted.  The  office  is  handsomely  fitted  up,  and 
the  workshop,  which  is  supplied  with  all  the  most  modern  ^facihties,  gives  employment  to  forty  skilled  workmen.  Three  courteous  and 
experienced  travelers  represent  the  interests  of  the  firm  on  the  road.  O^ving  to  the  exceptional  facilities  enjoyed  by  Messrs.  Dattelbaum 
&  Friedman  and  their  intimate  knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  the  trade,  they  are  enabled  to  offer  unusual  advantages  to  customers,  and 
business  relations  once  entered  into  with  them  are  sure  to  prove  pleasant,  profitable  and  permanent. 

aNION  PEARL  WORKS.  S.  L.  &  J.  H.  Lawles,  Proprietors,  No.  116  Walker  Street.— Renowned  from  one  end  of  the  country  to  the 
other,  and  notably  one  of  the  best  equipped  of  its  kind,  is  the  Union  Pearl  Works,  of  which  Mr.  S.  L.  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Lawles  are  the 
proprietors,  the  former  gentleman  having  initiated  the  now  flourishing  enterprise  thirty  years  ago,  and  the  latter,  his  son,  having 
been  admitted  to  partnership  ten  years  ago.  The  prominent  and  successful  firm  manufactures,  not  only  on  a  large  but  on  a  most 
comprehensive  scale,  it  having  an  extensive  trade  with  jobbers  in  all  parts  of  the  country  for  jwarl  buttons,  and  sleeve  and  collar 
buttons,  in  a  great  variety  of  sizes  and  shapes,  while  the  demand  for  its  pearl  jewelry  is  scarcely  less  notable.  These  two  leading  branches, 
however,  by  no  means  complete  the  list  of  its  productions,  which  include  pearl  and  ivory  pistol  handles,  pencil  barrels,  penholders,  non-con- 
ductors, pearl  scales  of  great  dehcacy  of  construction,  table  knife  handles,  either  plain  or  highly  ornamental,  thin  pearl,  and  a  great  multi- 
plicity of  pearl  shapes  for  inlaying.  The  factory,  which  is  at  Brooklyn,  consists  of  a  four-story  building,  60  x  80  feet  in  size,  where  the  most 
ingenious  facilities  are  provided  for  the  manufacture  of  each  of  the  numerous  kinds  of  goods  described,  while  those  of  a  more  staple  char- 
acter among  them  are  turned  out  at  a  high  rat«  of  speed,  and  at  a  correspondingly  low  cost,  which  enables  the  house  to  defy  rivalry.  So 
well  is  this  understood  among  large  and  well-informed  purchasers,  that  the  demands  upon  the  resources  of  the  house  are  such  as  to  give 
steady  employment  to  three  hundred  trained  operatives.  The  headquarters  in  this  city  are  at  No.  116  Walker  Street,  where  a  very  large, 
complete,  and  tnily  representative  stock  is  carried.  Of  the  two  partners,  5Ir.  S.  L.  Lawles  is  a  native  of  England,  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Lawles,  of 
this  city,  and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  of  them  that  they  are  among  the  most  prominent  men  in  their  line  in  the  United  States. 

PEEK  &  VELSOR,  Wholesale  Botanic  Druggists.  No.  9  Gold  Street.— An  old,  time  honored  and  representative  house  of  this  city  in  the 
wholesale  botanic  drug  trade  is  that  of  Messrs.  Peek  and  Velsor,  located  at  No.  9  Gold  Street.  This  extensive  business  was  originally 
established  as  far  back  as  1840,  and  the  house  has  long  occupied  a  position  in  the  front  rank  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  concerns 
in  its  trade.  The  premises  at  the  above  address  consist  of  an  entire  four-story  building  23  x  100  feet  in  surface  dimensions,  which 
is  systematically  arranged  and  supplied  with  all  the  modern  business  conveniences  and  facilities.  Here  is  to  be  foimd  everything  in 
the  line  of  botanic  drugs  of  which  a  large,  comprehensive  and  complete  stock  is  carried,  including  the  choicest  imported  and  domestic  pro- 
ductions in  this  line.  Through  the  medium  of  an  old  established  house  and  a  widely  extended  trade  these  staple  goods  find  their  way  to  all 
parts  of  the  country,  the  voluminous  general  business  giving  employment  to  a  goodly  force  of  experienced  clerks  and  salesmen.  Mr.  J.  A, 
Velsor  is  at  present  sole  proprietor  of  the  business  by  reason  of  Mr.  Peek's  decease  in  May  1886.  Mr.  Velsor  is  an  apt  type  of  the  active, 
progressive  and  able  New  Y'ork  merchant  and  no  business  man  in  the  city  is  better  known  or  more  highly  respected  in  trade  circles. 

CALIFORNIA  VINTAGE  COMPANY,  George  Hamlin,  President,  Frank  P.  Mills,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  No.  81  Park  Place.— Our  Cali- 
fornian  wines  which  have  attracted  so  much  prominent  notice  within  the  last  few  years,  are,  in  common  with  most  other  articles  handled 
in  the  liquor  traffic.  adulterat<>d  and  tampered  with  by  a  number  of  wine  merchants,  but  there  are  several  estabhshments  where  the 
genuine,  pure  juice  of  the  California  grape,  properly  matured  can  be  procured  and  none  better  in  this  respect  than  the  California 
Vintage  Company  located  at  No.  31  Park  Place.  This  undertaking  was  founded  in  188.3  as  a  duly  incorporated  body  under  the  laws 
of  the  state  of  New  Y'ork,  its  officers,  both  gentlemen  of  wide  repute  for  their  ability,  enterprise  and  sound  business  direction  being  Mr. 
George  Hamlin,  president,  and  Mr.  Frank  P.  Mills,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  popularity  which  has  been  accorded  this  enterprise  is  in 
itself  sufficient  evidence  of  the  public  appreciation  of  the  company's  best  endeavors  to  sell  an  absolutely  pure  wine  at  a  consistently  low  price. 
They  are  now  doing  a  very  flourishing  and  fast  increasing  trade.  Ten  or  more  competent  assistants  are  steadily  employed  in  the  various 
branches  of  the  business  and  duly  accredited  agents  represent  the  company's  interests  in  every  principal  city  throughout  the  country.  The 
premises  at  the  location  indicated  consist  of  a  floor,  basement  and  sub-basement,  each  being  .30  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  comprising  office, 
salesroom,  warehouses,  etc.,  being  fitted  with  telephones  and  every  facility  for  the  due  prosecution  of  the  large  trade  carried  on,  the  ware- 
house containing  a  veryjflne  assortment  of  every  kind  of  California  wines,  well  matured  and  ready  for  immediate  consumption.  Jlr.  Hamlin, 
the  president,  is  a  native  of  California,  Mr.  Mills  the  secretary  and  treasurer  is  a  New  Yorker  by  birth  and  a  nephew  of  the  well-known  capi- 
talist D.  O.  Jlills. 


224  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CHARLES  MOKNINGSTAR  &  CO.,  Starch.  Essential  Oils.  Etc.  No.  48  Park  Place.— Siguificaut  of  what  may  be  attained  bj-  able  and  ener- 
getic business  men  confining  their  attention  exclusively  to  a  particular  staple  commodity,  is  the  abnormal  success  which  has  attended 
the  enterprise  of  Charles  Morningstar  &  Co.  whose  specialty  is  the  handling  of  starch.  The  concern  was  initiated  by  5Ir.  Charles  Morn- 
ingstar.  in  the  year  1851,  and  Mr.  J.  Morningstar,  the  present  proprietor,  succeeded  to  its  control  in  1881  upon  the  decease  of  its  founder. 
The  location  of  the  business  is  No.  48  Park  Place,  where  it  has  elegant  oflices  and  spacious  sample  rooms,  with  a  total  floor  space 
25  X  100  feet  in  extent.  Here  may  be  found  the  best  grades  of  starch  of  varying  jiroperties  to  suit  all  markets,  from  Italy,  France,  Germany^ 
England.  Australia  and  other  sources  of  supply,  the  firm  importing  direct  and  thus  securing  the  best  of  starch  products  at  the  lowest  market 
rates;  they  also  deal  in  all  makes  of  domestic  starch,  south  of  France  products  and  essential  oils.  The  advantage  it  thus  secures  it  shares 
liberally  with  its  customers,  and  thereby  facilitates  the  work  of  the  five  traveling  salesmen  it  has  upon  the  road,  who  find  no  difficulty  in 
obtaining  orders  for  their  old-established  and  reliable  house  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  In  addition  to  this  corps  of  traveling  salesmea 
the  house  is  represented  by  resident  agents  in  Boston,  Cincinnati,  and  Chicago,  and  through  these  dual  sources  secures  an  immense  volume 
of  business,  for  the  handling  of  wiiich  it  has  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  at  its  oiTices,  show  rooms  and  warehouses.  Mr.  J.  Morningstar  is  a 
young  man  of  Brooklyn  birth,  who  has  resided  in  this  city  for  four  years  and  is  full  of  business,  he  being  a  member  of  the  Norwood  Manu- 
facturing Company  as  well  as  the  active  and  controlling  head  of  his  own  business. 

r-»-OHN  PEIRCE,  Granite,  No.  8'26  Temple  Court,  No.  5  Beekman  Street.— The  marvelous  growth  and  development  of  the  building  inter- 
_^  I  ests  in  and  around  New  York  during  the  past  few  decades  has  been  altogether  unprecedented,  and,  as  a  corollary,  a  corresponding 
^  I  demand  has  been  created  for  granite,  the  quantities  of  which  used  in  the  metropoUs  and  environs  annually  reach  vast  magnitude. 
1  I  The  amount  of  Maine  granite  alone  handled  in  this  city  through  agents  is  something  enormous,  and  grows  apace  with  years.  Among 
those  contributing  most  extensively  to  the  run  of  commercial  activity  in  the  line  here  indicated,  there  is,  perhaps,  not  one  who  is 
better  known  or  stands  higher  in  the  trade  than  John  Peirce,  whose  office  is  located  in  Temple  Court,  (.Room  No.  826)  No.  5  Beekman  Street. 
He  represents  the  Bodwell  Granite  Company,  Rockland.  3Ie. ;  the  Hallowell  Granite  Works,  Hallowell,  Me.  and  the  Mount  Waldo  Granite 
Works,  Frankfort,  Me.,  and  does  an  exceedingly  large  business,  his  total  annual  sales  reaching  a  handsome  figure.  Mr.  Peirce,  who  is  a 
gentleman  of  middle  age  and  a  native  of  the  state  of  Maine,  is  a  man  of  thorough  experience  in  this  hne,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  entire 
probity  of  character,  and  during  the  ten  years  he  has  been  established  in  business  in  New  York  has  been  notably  successful.  Mr.  Peirce  is 
prepared  to  furnish  estimates  on  all  classes  of  rough  and  dressed  granite,  and  can  execute  the  largest  orders  at  short  notice,  while  the  prices 
quoted  are  exceptionally  low,  the  most  substantial  inducements  being  offered  to  builders  and  contractors.  Mr.  Peirce  supplied  the  granite 
for  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  the  new  post  office,  Brooklyn,  the  Washington  Bridge,  the  Methodist  Book  Concern  and  many  other 
handsome  structures  in  this  city  and  suburbs,  also  for  the  Carnagie  Library,  Pittsburg,  and  the  Erie  County  Savings  Bank,  Buffalo. 

THE  WILLARD  METAL  COMPANY,  Manufacturers'  Agents,  Clocks,  Bronzes  and  Fancy  Brass  Goods.  Rogers'  Silver-Plated  Ware- 
No.  233  Canal  Street.— A  very  eminent  trading  concern  in  this  city  is  that  founded  a  few  years  ago  under  the  trading  title  of  The 
Willard  Metal  Company  and  incorporated  in  1889,  with  Mr.  S.  H.  Willard  as  its  president  and  treasurer,  and  Mr.  Thomas  C.  Lapham 
as  its  secretary,  the  former  of  these  two  gentlemen  having  been  associated  with  one  of  the  largest  manufacturing  concerns  in  Water* 
bury.  Connecticut,  for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  possessing  a  very  versatile  and  thorough  knowledge  of  trade.  This  relates  to  the 
handling  of  a  variety  of  goods  traded  in  by  installment  houses  whom  the  company  supplies  at  wholesale  in  all  parts  of  this  country  and 
abroad,  such  merchandise  as  clocks,  bronzes,  fancy  brass  goods,  Rogers'  silver  plated  ware  and  brass  and  iron  bedsteads  being  among  the 
principal.  The  firm  furnishes  at  factory  prices  clocks  manufactured  by  the  E.  Ingraham  Clock  Company,  of  Bristol,  the  New  Haven 
Clock  Company,  of  New  Haven;  the  Ansonia  Clock  Company,  The  E.  N.  Welch  Manufacturing  Company,  Forestville,  Conn,  and  a  num- 
ber of  other  eminent  manufacturing  houses.  Thus  it  has  facilities  for  procuring  its  supplies  from  the  best  sources,  at  rock-bottom  figures, 
and  consequently  of  offering  great  inducements  to  business,  with  the  result  that  the  trade  commanded  is  of  a  correspondinglj-  extensive- 
character.  The  premises  occupied  for  this  prosperous  and  well-dii"ected  business  have  a  frontage  on  Canal  Street  of  20  feet,  and  a  depth  of 
75  feet  reaching  to  Walker  Street,  the  store  being  conspicuous  for  its  very  handsome  display  of  the  kinds  of  goods  specified,  while  the  base- 
ment is  filled  with  a  heavy  and  always  carefully  replenished  stock,  and  orders  are  filled  with  the  utmost  promptitude. 

HUETHER  &  CO.,  Blank  Book  Manufacturers,  No.  130  William  Street. — In  the  blank  book  manufacturing  industry  more  tban^ 
others  a  combination  of  skilful  and  expert  workmanship  with  the  use  of  the  best  materials  is  essential,  and  in  this  connection  the 
name  of  Messrs.  Huether  &  Co.  is  forcibly  presented  to  the  mind  of  well-informed  purchasers  of  such  goods,  the  firm  in  question 
having  not  only  incorporated  the  features  referred  to  in  all  their  work  in  a  marked  degree,  but  having  also  given  close  aud  intelli- 
gent study  to  the  most  ditlficult  problems  connected  with  tlie  trade,  with  a  success  that  has  brought  fame  to  the  firm  itself,  and  has 
conferred  great  benefits  upon  its  patrons.  The  important  task  which  the  ingenious  head  of  the  firm  set  himself  to  accomplish  was  the  obvia- 
tion  of  the  defects  arising  from  the  use  of  parchment  bands,  which  fail  to  stand  the  strain  of  constant  use,  especially  in  banks  and  other 
mercantile  establishments  where  large  and  weighty  books  are  used.  The  experienced  and  technical  knowledge  which  Mr.  George 
Huether  brought  to  bear  could  scarcely  fail  to  result  favorably,  and,  in  actual  fact,  allied  with  his  patient  and  persistent  experiments,  did 
result  in  a  complete  and  phenomenal  success;  aud  his  improved  method  of  binding,  for  which  he  was  granted  a  patent  in  June  1887,  has 
marked  a  new  departure  in  blank  book  making  which  is  greatly  appreciated  by  commercial  and  mercantile  houses.  A  detailed  explanation 
of  the  method  of  manufacture  would  necessitate  the  embodiment  in  this  article  of  a  complete  patent  office  specification,  but  the  simple 
statement  that  by  the  forming  of  the  covers  in  two  thicknesses  of  pasteboard— the  outer  thickness  being  less  in  width  than  the  inner — and 
connecting  these  respectively  to  the  spring  back  and  to  the  leaves  by  flexible  connections,  those  who  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of 
examining  Mr.  Huether's  book,  will  at  once  understand  that  the  volumes  may  be  opened  with  the  leaves  quite  fiat,  with  a  greatly  minimized 
strain,  both  upon  them  and  upon  the  binding.  Having  so  far  attained  his  object  the  inventor  devoted  his  attention  to  the  perfecting  of  the 
leaf  connection,  and  introduced  a  band  composed  of  many  strong  hempen  cords  of  imiform  gauge,  woven  together  by  means  of  fine  threads, 
and  the  great  flexibility  of  this,  together  with  its  extreme  strength,  renders  the  system  of  binding  in  its  entiretj'  so  valuable  that  it  should  at 
an  early  date  quite  revolutionize  the  blank  book  making  trade,  so  far  at  any  rate,  as  the  manufacture  of  the  larger  and  most  costly. volumes 
are  concerned.  This  prominent  firm,  whose  business  location  is  at  No.  120  William  Street,  was  founded  by  Mr.  George  Huether  in  1S63,  and 
continued  under  his  skilled  proprietary  management  until  1887,  when  Mr.  Chas.  Deitsch  and  Mr.  Chas.  Jonach  were  admitted  to  an  interest, 
and  the  founder  retired  in  favor  of  his  son,  Mr.  Wm.  F.  Huether.  In  1888,  he  again  entered  the  business,  his  son  this  time  giving  place  to 
him,  and  the  firm  now  has  a  factory  at  No.  589  Kent  Avenue.  Brooklyn,  where  the  patented  fabric  band  is  manufactured  under  the  patentee's 
own  immediate  supervision,  as  well  as  its  premises  in  New  York  at  the  address  named,  which  consist  of  a  floor  25  x  100  feet  in  amplitude, 
fitted  up  with  a  plant  of  the  most  suitable  kind  valued  at  $5,000,  the  machinery  being  actuated  by  electric  motors,  and  twelve  expert  work- 
men regularly  employed.  As  the  merits  of  Mr.  Huether's  invention  steadily  become  more  widely  known  the  demand  for  his  patent  band 
increases,  and  it  also  results  in  the  continued  expansion  of  the  firm's  book  binding  trade.  Mr.  George  Huether  is  of  German  birth,  has  resided 
in  this  city  for  thirty-eight  years,  and  is  known  as  one  of  the  most  progressive  of  practical,  master  book  binders,  while  his  partners,  wha- 
are  both  native  born  New  Yorkers,  fully  share  with  him  the  credit  thus  reflected  upon  the  house. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  225 

HALPH  B.  COOLEY,  American  Toys,  Salesroom,  No.  239  Broadway.— Few  persons  outside  those  immediately  concerned  have  any- 
thing like  an  adequate  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  wholesale  toy  trade  in  this  city.  The  growth  of  the  important  branch  of  mercantile 
activity  indicated  has  been  especially  notable  during  the  past  decade  or  two,  while  the  volume  of  business  grows  apace.  The  quan- 
tities of  playthings  sold  here  in  New  York  iu  the  course  of  a  year  through  the  medium  of  agents  representing  out  of  town  manufac- 
turers is  something  enormous,  and  represent  in  the  aggregate  many  millions  of  dollars.  Among  the  number  engaged  in  the  hne 
just  indicated,  there  is,  perhaps  not  one  who  is  more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  in  the  trade  than  Ralph  B.  Uooley,  whose  office  and 
salesroom  are  located  at  No.  339  Broadway,  and  than  whom  few,  if  any,  enjoy  a  more  substantial  business  connection.  He  handles  Ameri- 
can toys  exclusively  on  commission,  and  is  sole  agent  for  the  following;  Noble  &  Cooley  manufacturers  of  drums,  banjos,  zithers,  tamljour- 
inesand  other  musical  toys;  W.  S.  Reed  Toy  Co.,  manufacturers  of  black-boards,  wood  toys  and  novelties;  D.  L.  Belden  &  Co.,  manufacturers 
of  whips;  Samuel  Kirby,  manufacturer  of  boys'  driving  reins,  toy  bells,  rattles,  etc.;  Hamilton  &  Mathews,  manufacturers  of  dolls,  metal 
beds;  Wilkins  Toy  Co.,  manufacturers  of  iron  horse  toys,  trains,  stores,  etc.;  Stowell  Mfg.  Co.,  manufacturers  of  tables,  desks,  chairs, 
bureaus;  Greene  ,t  Wood  .Mfg.  Co.,  manufacturers  of  ten  pins  and  parlor  croquet;  Merriam  Mfg.  Co.,  manufacturers  of  mechanical  locomo- 
tives and  trains;  Coughlin  Blotter  Co.,  manufacturers  of  tennis  sets,  and  several  other  manufacturers.  Mr.  Cooley,  who  is  a  gentlemen  in 
the  prime  of  life,  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  and  has  resided  in  this  city  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise, 
thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade,  and  is,  in  short,  well  endowed  with  the  qualities  that  bespeak  success  in  conmiercial  life. 
He  has  been  established  since  187.5,  and  from  the  start  has  been  signally  successful,  building  up  an  e-xtensive  business  connection  throughout 
the  United  States,  while  he  exports  quite  largely  also,  to  Mexico.  South  America,  England  and  Australia.  Mr.  Cooley  occupies  commodious 
quarters  at  No.  339  Broadway,  where  he  keeps  on  hand  always  a  full  and  fine  assortment  in  samples  and  employs  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks 
and  salesmen,  with  several  representatives  on  the  road  besides.  He  is  prepared  to  execute  orders  for  anythingin  the  Unes  above  indicated  at 
manufacturers'  prices,  quoting  exceptionally  favorable  terras  to  jobbers  and  big  wholesale  dealers,  and  persons  having  business  transactions 
with  this  gentleman  are  certain  to  find  the  same  both  pleasant  and  profitable. 

GEO.  W.  NICHOLS  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Havana  Cigars  Exclusively,  No,  I'.i8  Chambers  Street.— Distinctly  notable  among  New 
York's  representative  cigar  firms  is  that  of  Geo.  W.  Nichols  &  Co.,  whose  office  and  salesroom  are  located  at  No.  138  Chambers 
Street,  with  factory  at  Key  "West,  Fla.  They  are  manufacturers  of  Havana  cigars  exclusively,  and  have  an  immense  business,  their 
goods  commanding  an  extensive  and  constantly  increasing  sale  all  over  the  United  States,  selling  to  jobbers  and  dealers  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  and  from  Maine  to  Texas.  The  house  is  one  of  the  oldest  as  well  as  one  of  the  largest  and  most  reliable  concerns 
of  the  kind  in  the  entire  country,  and  for  close  upon  half  a  century  has  been  a  prominent  factor  in  the  trade.  The  goods  turned  out  have 
always  been  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard  and  are  noted  for  their  absolute  purity,  choice  flavors,  finish  and  general  excellence, 
being  not,  in  fact,  surpassed  in  any  feature  of  merit  by  any  productions  of  the  kind  on  the  market.  Only  carefully  selected,  thoroughly  pre- 
pared, superior  quality  Havana  leaf  is  used  by  the  firm,  who  import  the  same  direct  from  Cuba  to  Key  West,  while  none  but  expert  work- 
men are  emplo5-ed  in  the  manufacture  of  these  cigars,  exceptional  care  being  exercised  in  every  detail  from  the  selection  of  stock  to  packing. 
The  factory  is  very  iarge  and  coijipletely  equipped,  and  employment  is  there  furnished  to  upward  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  hands,  the  output 
being  about  150,(300  cigars  per  week.  The  quarters  occupied  on  Chambers  Street,  this  city,  are  commodious,  ample  and  well  appointed,  atid  an 
efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  here  employed,  with  four  representatives  on  the  road,  besides.  An  extensive  and  Srst  class  assort- 
ment is  always  kept  on  hand,  including  pure  Havana  cigars,  botli  in  finest  and  medium  grades,  and  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  expedi- 
tious and  trustworthy  manner,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  invariably  the  lowest  figures  consistent  with  quality  of  tobacco  and  character  of 
workmanship,  the  firm  being  manufacturers  of  the  following  justly  famed  brands  of  cigars; — '"  Solace,"  "  Mi  Orgulla,"  "  El  Bey  Cubano," 
"  La  Belle  Serana,''  •'  Ma  Coronella,"  "  Neuva  Vida."  "  Flor  de  Ella."  La  Corona  de  Diamantes,"  "  El  Flor  De  Las  Lomas,"  etc.  This  flour- 
ishing business  was  established  in  1845  by  Chas.  L.  Nichols,  and  some  years  later  passed  into  control  of  his  son  and  successor,  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  present  firm.  Mr.  Henry,  son  of  the  present  head  of  the  bouse,  and  Mr.  Franeesca  Perez  acquiring  an  interest  in  the  concern  some 
thing  over  a  year  since. 

THE  HIGLEY  SAWING  AND  DRILLING  MACHINE  COMPANY,  Makers  of  Hand  and  Power  Metal  Sawing  Machines,  No.  13'J  Worth 
Street.  —The  vast  increase  in  the  use  of  iron  and  steel  iu  the  construction  of  houses,  roofs,  ships,  bridges  and  other  mechanical  pur- 
poses requiring  the  close  fitting  and  connecting  of  joints,  has  led  to  the  invention  and  manufacture  of  a  variety  of  tools  and  imple- 
ments for  the  manipulation  of  metallic  substances,  and  in  no  country  in  the  world  has  better  results  been  attained  in  this  direction 
than  in  the  United  States.  This  has  been  largely  the  result  of  the  age  towards  specialties  in  manufacturing,  by  means  of  which 
houses  confined  to  the  production  of  one  or  two  articles  or  pieces  of  mechanism  have  reached  a  higher  degree  of  excellence  than  those  pro- 
ducing many  different  kinds.  A  most  excellent  illustration  of  this  is  to  be  found  in  the  prosperous  and  ably  conducted  establishment  of  The 
Higley  Sawing  and  Drilling  Machine  Company  of  which  Mr.  W.  B.  WiUiams  is  president,  and  Mr.  O.  F.  Browning,  treasurer  and  business 
manager.  This  company  was  incorporated  in  188S  for  the  special  purpose  of  manufacturing  machines  for  cutting  rails  and  metals  of  all 
kinds  under  the  patents  of  Mr.  E.  N.  Higley,  which  have  become  celebrated  throughout  the  entire  iron  and  steel  working  industries  in  the 
United  States  and  the  range  of  the  company's  patronage  now  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  country  and  is  constantly  increasing.  The  sawing 
machines  made  by  this  company  are  acknowledged,  by  all  familiar  with  metal  cutting  tools,  to  be  the  most  compact,  light,  durable  and  effi- 
cient that  have  been  placed  upon  the  market.  These  machines  are  made  of  various  sizes  and  capacities,  from  a  small  hand  machine  to  the 
large  table  machine  for  bridge  and  foundry  work,  and  are  indispensable  to  the  machinist,  contractor,  builder,  and  workers  in  iron  and  steel 
as  a  cutting  off  tool.  The  work  done  by  these  saws  is  far  superior  to  tliat  of  the  ordinary  lathe,  in  this  that  the  cut  is  perfectly  clean  and 
smooth,  leaving  the  ends  true  and  faced,  while  if  it  is  desired  to  cut  at  an  angle  the  machines  are  adapted  for  such  a  purpose.  For  sawing 
mitres  and  angles,  at  less  than  45°  these  machines  are  invaluable.  The  Hand  Rail  Saw  made  by  the  company  has  become  celebrated,  and 
is  endorsed  and  used  by  all  the  large  systems  of  railroads  throughout  the  country.  The  success  attained  by  this  rail  saw  induced  the 
company  to  apply  the  principle  to  larger  cutters,  and,  step  by  step,  the  invention  has  been  applied  to  the  various  sizes  of  machines,  until 
now  all  classes  of  work  and  any  size  section  of  metal  is  readily  cut.  The  principle  upon  which  these  machines  are  built  is  a  novel  one,  fiUly 
protected  by  patents  here  and  abroad,  and  consists  in  applying  the  driving  power  to  the  revolving  blade  at  the  point  of  resistance  that  is  at, 
or  in  close  proximity  to  the  cutting  edge.  This  is  done  by  means  of  slots  in  the  blade  just  under  the  teeth,  into  which  the  teeth  of  the 
sprocket  wheel  enter  as  it  is  revolved  by  the  gearing  from  the  main  shaft.  By  this  invention  a  blade  not  over  one  sixteenth  of  an  inch  in 
thickness  can  be  drawn  through  the  hardest  and  largest  sections  of  metal  without  damage  to  its  cutting  capabilities.  The  blades  are  made 
of  hard,  finely  tempered  steel,  hollow  ground,  and  are  capable  of  making  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  cuts  without  sharpening. 
The  power  table  saws  have  cut.  without  undue  forcing  an  I  beam,  four  by  fifteen  inches,  in  eleven  minutes,  and  a  sixty-five  pound  rail  of  New 
York  Central  Railroad  steel  can  be  sawed  in  two  pieces  in  five  minutes  by  the  same  machine.  A  distinctive  feature  in  the  machine  of  this 
company  is  the  light  power  required  to  operate  them.  By  hand  power  alone,  shafting  of  two  inches  in  diameter  and  piping  up  to  three 
inches  can  be  cut  at  the  speed  of  one  inch  per  minute.  In  a  word  there  is  no  invention  in  use  in  the  iron  trade  that  excels  it  in  construction, 
durability  and  efficiency.  The  company  enjoy  the  highest  confidence  of  all  with  whom  they  have  any  dealings.  Correspondence  is  solicited, 
and  all  inquiries  will  receive  prompt  attention. 


226 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


SWEIL,  Manufacturer  of  Fine  Shoes,  No.  80  Warren  Street.— The  superior  excellence  that  has  been  attained  in  the  production  of  boots 
and  shoes  by  our  manufacturers,  is  due.  in  a  very  large  extent,  to  the  improvements  made  in  shoe  machinery.  Any  invention  in  this 
connection  is  sure  to  be  eagerly  taken  up  by  our  manufacturers,  if  only  it  is  available  as  a  means  to  lessen  the  cost  of  production,  and 
•  improve  the  excellence  of  the  work.  A  progressive  house  that  has  taken  advantage  of  all  these  devices,  and  has  built  up  a  large 
trade  as  well  as  an  enviable  reputation  for  the  unexcelled  excellence  of  its  products,  is  that  of  Mr.  S.  Weil,  of  this  city,  whose  factory 
and  salesrooms  are  at  No.  SO  Warren  Street.  The  business  of  this  concern  was  founded  twenty-two  years  ago  by  the  Weil  Brothers,  con- 
tinuing under  their  joint  control  up  to  I8S7.  when  Mr.  I.  Weil  died  and  Mr.  S.  Weil  became  sole  proprietor.  The  Weil  shoes  have  become 
popularly  noted  for  their  many  superior  qualities,  and  they  are  shipped  in  large  quantities  as  far  west  as  the  Mississippi,  and  all  throughout 
New  England  and  California.  The  premises  occupied  consist  of  four  Hoors,  each  25  x  135  feet  in  dimensions,  and  the  mechanical  depart- 
ments are  equipped  with  the  most  improved  shoe  machinery  operated  by  steam-power,  and  employment  is  furnished  a  large  force  of  hands. 
The  products  comprise  ladies',  misses'  and  children's  fine  shoes,  hand  and  machine  sewed  and  hand  welt.  Some  fifteen  hundred  pairs  of 
shoes  are  turned  out  weekly.  All  orders  of  the  trade  are  promptly  filled,  and  those  of  our  readers  who  have  not  already  done  so  are  recom- 
mended to  try  a  pair  of  Weil's  shoes  for  comfort,  style  and  durability.  Mr.  Weil  is  a  native  of  Germany,  but  has  resided  in  the  United  States 
forty  years,  ten  years  in  Massachusetts.  He  is  an  expert,  practical  shoemaker,  and  being  a  most  progressive,  enterprising  business  man, 
the  secret  of  his  success  is  thus  made  manifest. 


Church  of  the  Strangers,  Mercer  Street. 

Fl-W  NGLO-SWISS  CONDENSED  MILK  COMPANY,  G.  F.  Corbi^re,  Manager,  Office  No.  82  Hudson  Street.— Although  a  comparatively 
fl  young  industry,  yet  the  manufacture  of  condensed  milk  has  developed  to  vast  proportions  and  immense  operations  are  to-day  car- 
1  I  ried  on  in  this  line.  The  largest  concern  in  the  world  engaged  in  this  line  is  the  Anglo-Swiss  Condensed  Milk  Company,  of  Cham, 
/  Switzerland,  with  branches  in  London  and  New  York  and  factories  located  in  Cham  and  Guin,  Switzerland;  Lindau,  Bavaria.  Chip- 

penham, Aylesbury  and  Middlewich,  England;  Middletown,  New  York  and  Dixon,  III.  The  business  of  this  now  world-wide  known 
house  was  founded  in  1866,  in  a  small  frame  building,  but  owing  to  the  enterprise  and  push  brought  to  bear  in  the  management  and  above  all, 
superiority  of  the  products  put  up,  success  waS  assured  from  the  outset,  the  business  grew  apace,  and  the  facilities  had  to  be  increased 
accordingly.  In  1881  the  present  extensive  works  in  Cham  were  built.  They  comprise  some  thirty  brick  buildings,  admirably  equipped  in 
all  the  various  departments.  There  are  also  model  cottages  for  the  occupancy  of  the  employees.  The  other  factories,  located  as  above  given, 
are  all  fitted  up  in  a  like  efficient  manner.  The  company  employ  some  nine  hundred  hands,  manufacture  all  their  tin  cans,  use  the  milk  from 
18,0iX)  cows  and  have  a  productive  capacity  of  100.000.000  one  pound  tin  cans  of  conden.sed  milk  yearly.  The  brands  made  are  the  Swiss,  Milk- 
maid, Rose,  Bell,  Full  Weight,  Tip  Top,  Ten  Cent.  Cocoa  and  Milk  and  Chocolate  and  Milk.  This  milk  is  the  purest  and  best  condensed  milk 
in  the  market  and  is  of  especial  value  for  infants,  making  the  healthiest  and  most  nutritious  food  possible.  It  is  of  equal  value  for  table 
and  culinary  purposes,  and  will,  at  no  distant  daj'  take  the  i)lace  of  crude  milk,  in  the  principal  cities  of  America.  Already  a  large  business  is 
done  in  plain  condensed  milk  which  is  supplied  to  families  by  the  regular  milkmen,  who  obtain  their  supplies  from  this  company.  The  New 
York  office  was  established  ten  years  ago.  Mr.  George  H.  Page,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  company  and  general  manager  of  its  business,  is 
a  native  of  Lee  County,  111.,  has  had  twenty-five  3'ears'  experience  in  his  present  line,  and  is  a  business  man  of  untiring  energy,  push  and 
enterprise.  The  resident  manager  here.  Sir.  George  F.  Corbiere.  is  also  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  requirements  of  the  trade  in  which  he 
is  engaged,  having  spent  thirteen  years  in  the  business  with  this  company.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lafayette?  Post  No.  140,  G.  A.  R.,  having 
served  in  Company  B,  Seventh  regiment.  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  and  is  very  popularly  known  in  the  community.  The  premises  occtipied  as  ware- 
house is  a  seven-story  and  basement  building,  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions.  A  very  heavy  stock  is  carried  and  all  orders  received  from  the 
trade  are  promptly  filled. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  227 

GEORGE  TONKIN.  Manufacturers'  Ageut,  No.  13-  Diiane  Street.— The  fact  that  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  shoe  retailers  of  New 
York  and  the  adjacent  territory  are  to-day  handling  the  fine  shoes  manufactured  by  the  famous  house  of  Baldwin  &  Lamkin  at  their 
factory,  at  Milford.  Conn.,  must,  in  fairness,  be  ascribed  largely  to  the  intrinsic  merits  of  the  goods  themselves,  and  to  the  relatively 
low  prices  at  which  they  are  supplied  to  the  trade;  but  the  great  increase  in  the  bulk  sold  within  the  past  year  is,  in  itself,  substan- 
tial testimony  to  the  business  aptitude  of  Mr.  George  Tonkin,  of  No.  132  Duane  Street,  he  having  been  invested  with  the  duties  as 
New  York  manager  one  year  ago,  when  the  branch  ofTice  was  opened.  He  is  a  gentleman  with  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  trade,  and  a 
ripe  business  experience  generall.v,  having  been  for  seven  years  salesman  in  the  noted  silk  house  of  Brainerd  &  Armstrong.  The  salesroom 
at  the  address  named  is  on  the  second  floor,  and  is  25  x  100  feet  in  size,  thus  giving  excellent  accommodation  for  the  heavy  and  complete 
stock  of  fine  and  medium  shoes  regularly  carried.  It  is  worth.v  of  note  that  the  firm  represented  was  founded  as  long  ago  as  the  year  1855, 
and  has  a  connection  which  covers  the  whole  of  the  United  States.  Yet  the  total  volume  of  business  which  gravitates  to  the  industrial 
establishment  is  sensibly  increased  by  the  large  trade  influenced  from  this  city,  a  task  in  which  the  principal  is  assisted  by  an  alert  and 
experienced  traveling  salesman.  Mr.  Tonkin,  who  is  also  selling  agent  for  Lamkin  &  Foster,  is  a  young  man  of  New  Jersey  birth,  and  now  a 
resident  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HENRY  NUNGESSER,  Grass  Seeds.  Wholesale.  No.  65  Pearl  Street.  Near  Broad  Street.— The  trade  in  grass  seeds  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  important  departments  of  commerce  in  New  York,  and  it  has  ever  filled  a  niche  that  has  proved  a  valuable  factor  in 
advancing  the  business  fame  and  development  of  the  community.  The  most  prominent  house  engaged  in  this  trade,  and  one  whose 
operations  exceed  in  volume  any  of  its  contemporaries,  is  Mr.  Henry  Nungesser,  whose  business  quarters  are  situated  at  No.  65 
Pearl  Street,  near  Broad  Street.  He  has  been  established  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  within  the  period  which  has  since  elapsed, 
has  developed  a  ver.v  large  patronage,  and  a  connection  of  the  most  favorable  and  influential  character  with  producers  and  shippers  throughout 
the  country,  and  possesses  facilities  of  the  most  complete  character  for  prom ptl.y  supplying  all  the  demands  of  the  trade.  The  premises 
occupied  for  the  business  comprise  a  five-story  warehouse.  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  which  is  systematically  and  conveniently  arranged 
throughout.  An  immense  stock  is  carried  of  clover,  timothy  and  other  grass  seeds,  all  of  the  best  quality,  and  the  largest  orders  are 
promptly  and  satisfactorily  filled  at  shortest  notice.  The  extent  of  the  trade  demands  the  handling  of  some  fifty  thousand  bags  and  boxes 
of  seeds  every  year.  The  trade  of  the  house  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  Canada,  Europe  and  Australia,  shipments  being  made 
of  from  six  hundred  to  eight  hundred  bags  at  a  time.  The  reputation  of  the  establishment  is  permanentl.y  secure,  and  goods  ordered  from 
it  can  be  depended  upon  to  be  strictly  reliable.  Mr.  Nungesser  is  a  native  of  Germany,  but  has  resided  in  New  York  for  the  last  seventeen 
years.  He  has  become  prominently  identified  with  the  business  community,  and  is  known  and  highly  regarded  as  a  representative,  upright 
and  progressive  merchant. 

'W'r  "•  ALYANAKI.\N  &  CO.,  Oriental  Carpets,  Etc.,  No.  252  Broadway.— A  firm  well  worthy  of  prominent  mention  in  this  work,  is 
ly  that  of  Messrs.  K.  M.  Alyanakian  &  Co..  makers  and  direct  importers  of  antique  and  modern  Oriental  carpets,  rugs  and  hangings, 
|\  situated  at  No.  252  Broadway,  if  only  for  the  excellent  quality  of  the  goods  they  handle.  This  business  is  conducted  strictly  at 
-*■  V  •  wholesale,  and  the  permanent  patronage  now  accorded  the  firm  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  among  dealers,  jobbers, 
retailers  and  other  lai-ge  consumers.  The  especial  facilities  at  the  command  of  the  house  have  been  the  direct  cause  of  its  attaining 
to  the  leading  position  in  the  business,  which  it  now  occupies.  This  enterprise  received  its  inception  in  1882,  the  two  partners  being  Mr.  K. 
M.  Alyanakian  and  Mr.  H.  S.  Taushanjian,  and  the  modus  operandi  consists  in  Mr.  Taushanjian  attending  to  the  selling  branch  of  the  business 
in  this  city,  and  Mr.  Alyanakian  to  the  buying  in  Turkey,  and  superintending  the  making  of  the  special  sizes  in  Smyrna,  and  shipping  direct 
to  the  house  here.  By  this  means,  they  are  enabled  to  place  before  their  patrons  the  newest  and  highest  class  of  Oriental  carpets,  rugs  and 
hangings,  in  this  market  at  any  time,  and  the  excellence  of  these  articles,  their  richness  of  artistic  design,  their  beautiful  blended  colors  and 
tints,  and  the  superior  quality  of  the  fabrics  of  which  they  are  composed,  at  once  recommend  them  to  purchasers,  and  impress  the  most 
casual  observer  with  the  high  character  of  the  firm's  imports.  A  handsomely  a.s,sorted  stock  is  always  kept  on  hand  at  the  premises  above 
referred  to,  which  consist  of  a  floor,  -25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  used  as  salesroom  and  store,  being  admirably  adapted  to  display  to  the  best 
advantage  the  elegant  and  rich  drapings  and  textile  furnishings  which  are  here  on  view-,  three  competent  assistants  being  employed  on  the 
premises.  Mr.  Taushanjian  is  a  native  of  Constantinople,  now  about  twenty -eight  years  of  age,  and  has  resided  in  this  city  for  the  past  eight 
years;  while  his  worthy  partner,  Mr.  K.  M.  Alyanakian  is  also  a  native  of  Turkey,  where  he  resides  permanently. 

HINDLE  &  WRIGHT,  Machinists.  Printing  Presses,  Paper  Cutters,  Book-folding  Machinery.  Etc.,  No.  22  Beekman  Street.— Among 
the  young  firms  of  machinists,  who  are  rapidly  forging  to  the  front  with  all  the  push,  vim  and  thorough  knowledge  of  their 
class  of  trade  is  that  of  Hindle  &  Wright.  The  firm  are  machinists  and  dealers  in  printing  presses,  paper  cutters,  book-folding 
machinery,  hangers,  pulleys,  shafting  and  bookbinders'  machinery  in  general.  The  premises  occupied  are  at  No.  22  Beekman 
Street,  on  the  second  floor.  Their  specialty  is  the  fitting  out  of  printers,  etc..  with  all  the  requisite  machinery,  and  putting  the  same 
into  motion.  They  also  handle  second  hand  machinery  in  their  line,  and  are  already  well  knomi  for  their  skill  in  repairing  and  reconstruct- 
ing machinery.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  both  active  young  men,  W.  E.  Hindle  being  twenty-eight  years  old,  while  Mr.  W.  J.  Wright 
is  thirty-three.  The  former  brings  to  bear  the  accrued  experience  of  ten  years'  knowledge  of  the  business, which  he  combines  with  the 
nineteen  years'  practicable  experience  of  Mr  Wright.  The  former  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  and  came  to  this  city  in  1689,  while  Mr. 
Wright  is  a  native  of  New  York.  On  Nov.  i .  1800,  the  two  gentlemen  established  the  present  business,  and  the  wisdom  of  this  move  is  at  once 
apparent.  Their  shop  is  fitted  out  with  the  latest  improved  steam  machinery,  and  their  devotion  to  business  has  won  them  an  enviable 
trade  in  the  city  and  vicinity,  .\part  from  their  business  connections,  the  members  of  the  firm  are  prominent  figures  in  business  and 
social  life;  Mr.  Wright  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  also  the  Wranglers'  Club  of  Harlem,  while  Mr.  Hindle,  is 
a  member  of  the  order  of  American  Mechanics,  and  stands  high  among  its  prominent  members. 

T.A.TH.\M  &  BROTHERS.  Manufacturers  of  Patent  Finish  .\merican  Standard  Drop  Shot.  Improved  Chilled  Shot,  Buck  Shot,  Bar 
Lead,  Sheet  Lead.  Lead  Pipe.  Tin  Lined  Lead  Pipe.  Block  Tin  Pipe,  Nos.  82  and  84  Beekman  Street.— .\  department  of  industry  that 
has  long  been  successfully  prosecuted  in  the  United  States  is  that  of  the  manufacture  of  shot,  lead  pipe,  and  kindred  products  and 
the  domestic  goods  in  this  line  are  unsurpassed  by  those  of  European  production.  The  leading  concern  engaged  in  this  industry  is 
that  of  Messrs.  Tatbam  &  Brothers  of  this  city,  whose  establishment  is  located  at  Nos.  82  and  84  Beekman  Street.  This  house  has 
been  in  operation  for  upward  of  half  a  century,  during  which  lengthy  period  it  has  achieved  a  very  enviable  reputation  for  the  superiority  of 
its  products  and  built  up  a  trade  that  extends  to  all  sections  of  the  United  States.  The  fh-m's  premises  comprise  a  fine  six-story  fire- 
proof iron  building,  having  dimensions  of  50  x  125  feet,  and  the  Messrs.  Tatham  are  owners  of  the  property.  The  shot  tower  which  is  one  of 
the  prominent  features  of  this  section  of  the  city,  reaches  to  a  height  of  2-25  feet  and  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  best  equipped  in  the 
world.  The  firm  employ  a  force  of  seventy-five  hands,  whose  operations  are  under  expert  supervision,  and  they  are  manufacturers  of  the 
famous  patent  finish  American  standard  drop  shot,  also  improved  chilled  shot,  buck  shot,  bar  lead,  sheet  lead,  lead  pipe,  tin  lined  lead  pipe, 
block  tin  pipe,  etc.  A  heavy  stock  of  these  superior  value  goods  is  at  all  times  carried  and  all  orders  meet  with  immediate  fulfillment.  The 
Jlessrs.  Tatham  are  prominently  known  in  commercial  and  financial  circles  and  bear  a  first-cla.ss  reputation  as  liberal,  progressive  business 
men. 


228  .  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CUPHAIii  £LY,  Nickel  Works,  Smelter  and  Refiner  of  Nickel,  No.  35  Dey  Street.— Nickel  plating  is  a  line  of  business  that  has  come 
into  popular  vogue  during  the  past  quarter  of  a  century,  one  of  the  most  active  promoters  of  this  calling  being  C.  Uphani  Ely.  pro- 
prietor ot  the  nickel  works,  at  No.  35  Dey  Street.  He  succeeded  Yates  &  Ely  in  1885,  that  firm  having  established  the  business  in 
•  1878.  A  native  of  New  York,  Mr.  Ely  has  become  itlentified  as  one  of  her  most  reliable  business  men,  and  is  an  employer  of  at  least 
two  hundred  persons.  The  offices  and  works  in  Dey  Street  comprise  four  large  floors,  where  a  lai-ge  stock  of  goods  is  carried, 
while  Mr.  Ely  has  also  an  extensive  factory  at  New  Haven,  Conn.  He  is  by  trade  a  smelter  and  refiner  of  nickel,  dealing  also  in  pure  nickel 
supplies,  dynamos,  polishing  lathes  and  grinders,  prepared  polishing  buffs  and  composition.  His  line  of  wares  surpass  anything  else  of  the 
kind  that  can  possibly  be  brought  into  competition  with  them,  and  give  the  most  complete  satisfaction  to  all  concerued  in  each  and  every 
case  in  which  they  are  used.  Mr.  Ely's  trade,  although  ehietly  American  and  wholesale,  extends,  also,  to  foreign  countries,  while  he  has 
representatives  in  the  principal  towns  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  His  business  is  c'onstaiUl.v  with  dealers  in  large  cities,  and  is 
increasing  through  the  medium  of  traveling  salesmen,  who  find  growing  .demand  for  his  goods  everywhere;  Mr.  Ely  is  also  president  and 
manager  of  the  American  Saw  Company,  whose  works  are  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  and  whose  output  in  their  particular  line  is  unexcelled  by  any 
productions  now  on  the  market. 

THE  AMERICAN  CIGAE  LABEL  COMPANY,  General  Lithographers,  No.  llx!  Fulton  Street,  Corner  ot  Dutch.— Among  the 
higher  reaches  of  the  lithographic  art  are  i»any  of  the  modern  productions  in  cigar  labels,  enterprising  manufacturers  aud  import- 
ers vicing  with  each  other  in  securing  the  choicest  of  color  work  with  the  all-pervading  desire  to  advertise  theii-  goods.  A  conspicu- 
ous firm  of  lithographers  devoting  their  energies  largely  to  catering  to  this  deinand  is  the  American  Cigar  Label  Company.  The 
enterprise  was  only  initiated  in  1890,  but  it  meant  to  "  get  there."  aud  wisely  supplemented  the  skill  of  its  three  thoroughly  practical 
aud  accomplished  principals  by  the  most  improved  machinery  and  appliances.  It,  moreover,  gives  employment  to  only  the  best  of  work- 
men, the  eighteen  men  now  composing  its  staff  having  been  carefully  selected  for  their  skill  in  their  craft  from  time  to  time,  as  the  business 
gradually  grew  to  proportions  warranting  their  engagement.  Fine  colored  cigar  label  work  gives  wide  scope  for  really  artistic  conceptions, 
and  great  delicacy  of  touch,  as  well  as  of  well-trained  skill  in  the  printing  itself,  but  in  all  departments  ot  the  industry  the  firm  has  reached 
out  boldly,  and  acquitted  itself  honorably  and  successfully,  thus  securing  already  a  genei-al  United  States  trade  of  no  little  magnitude.  The 
trade  so  secured  while  largely  in  cigar  labels,  also  covers  general  lithography,  and  whenever  really  good  work  is  required,  the  firm  experi- 
ences little  difficulty  in  obtaining  orders,  and  none  in  filling  them.  The  premises  occupied  by  them  is  located  at  No.  112  Fulton  Street,  and  is 
noticeable  tor  its  scrupulous  cleanliness,  and  the  methodical  arrangement  of  all  its  equipments.  The  partners  in  the  concern  are  Mr.  John 
Hodge,  Mr.  Frank  Schopf,  and  Mr.  Bruno  Mayer.  The  flrst^named  is  a  gentleman  of  English  birth,  fifty  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  in  the 
United  States  thirty  years;  while  Mr.  Schopf  is  of  German  birth,  and  reached  America  twenty  years  ago;  and  Mr.  Mayer's  birthplace  is 
New  York  City.  All  are  master  craftsmen  in  the  lithographic  trade,  and  they  together  possess  qualities  which  removes  their  future  success 
from  the  regions  of  the  problematical. 

r-w-  MILHAUS'  SON,  Dispensing  Chemist,  No.  183  Broadwa,y.— No  branch  of  commercial  entei'itrise  in  the  metropolis  is  of  more  direct 
I  value  and  importance  to  the  community  at  large  than  that  in  which  the  practical  chemist  brings  to  bear  his  professional  skill 
v2)  I  and  experience.  In  this  connection  special  attention  is  properly  directed  to  the  old  established  and  ever  reliable  house  of  J.  Jlil- 
\  I  •  haus'  Son,  located  at  No.  \Si  Broadway,  near  Cortlandt  Street.  This  business  was  founded  in  1813  by  Mr.  J.  Milhaus  and  in  18(iO  his 
^^  son  was  admitted  to  partnership,  and  the  business  was  continued  under  the  title  of  J.  Milhaus  &  Son  till  18(19,  when  the  style  was 
changed  to  J.  jMilhaus'  Son.  In  May  of  the  present  year  Mr.  Edward  J.  Milhaus  became  proprietor,  succeeding  his  father  in  the  business, 
he  being  the  grandson  ot  the  founder,  the  business  continuing  under  the  same  style.  He  graduated  this  year  from  the  New  York  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  and  is  president  ot  the  graduating  class,  and  although  one  of  the  youngest  drug  store  proprietors  in  the  city  he  is  emi_ 
nently  competent  for  the  responsibility,  as  in  addition  to  his  pharmaceutical  education  he  has  had  the  practical  education  of  three  years  as 
manager  of  the  business.  He  is  now  twenty-eight  years  of  age,  was  born  in  Lafayette  Place  this  city,  while  his  father  was  born  in  the  building 
now  occupied  by  the  store.  This  firm  is  widely  prominent  as  wholesale  and  retail  dispensing  chemists,  they  make  all  of  their  pharmaceu- 
tical compounds,  tinctures  and  extracts,  the  purity  and  efficacy  of  which  are  not  only  substantiated  by  their  influential  and  permanent  pat- 
ronage both  at  home  and  abroad,  but  they  have  also  received  the  endorsement  of  the  medical  profession  with  whom  the  productions  ot  no 
house  stand  in  higher  favor.  The  laboratory  is  fully  and  completely  supplied  with  all  the  requisite  modern  apparatus  and  steady  employment 
is  given  to  a  large  force  of  skilled  and  expert  assistants.  A  specialty  is  made  of  the  compounding  of  physicians'  prescriptions,  they  having 
put  up  nearly  tour  hundred  thousand  new  prescriptions  during  the  past  ten  years  which  does  not  include  the  large  number  of  renewals.  This 
is  the  oldest  drug  store  in  New  York,  and  the  pi-esent  structure  was  built  by  the  founder  of  the  business  in  1830,  it  being  the  first  iron  front 
building  on  Broadway  and  the  second  erected  in  the  city.  The  establishment  comprises  four  floors  3S  x  1'25  feet,  all  finely  and  conveniently  fit- 
ted up  and  includes  an  elegant  soda  fountain  from  which  a  large  patronage  is  secured  in  all  fountain  specialties.  The  house  has  long  been 
known  as  one  otthe  landmarks  of  the  city,  and  the  honorable  dealings  which  have  characterized  the  methods  which  have  prevailed  since  its 
inception  h.ive  justly  resulted  in  the  success  which  has  been  achieved  and  which  is  bound  to  continue  and  increase  under  the  new  management. 

HH.  HEINRICH,  Manufacturer  of  Marine  Chronometers  for  the  Navy  and  the  Trade,  Repairer  and  Ad- 
juster of  Fine  '^Vatches,  No.  14  John  Street.— 'Worthily  representing  the  comparatively  small  section  of 
the  manufacturers  of  marine  chronometers,  who  make  a  close  and  intelligent  study  of  the  mechanism. 
•  with  initiative  powers,  is  the  firm  of  which  Mr.  H.  H.  Heinrich  is  the  able  head.  The  house  is  one  that 
combines  the  manufacture  of  marine  chronometers  with  the  repair  and  adjustment  of  fine  watches,  and 
the  silver  medal  awarded  to  Mr.  Heinrich  at  the  "  Exposition  Universelle  "  (World's  Fair)  at  Paris  in  1889,  for  his  im 
provements  in  chronometers,  fitly  endorsed  the  recognition  which  has  been  so  widely  and  generally  bestowed  upon 
the  firm  in  this  country  almost  from  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  in  1868,  and  which  has  taken  practical  shape, 
and  is  represented  by  a  business  of  $10,000  a  year.  The  premises  are  at  No.  14  ,Tohn  Street,  and  comprise  a  fine  office 
which  is  25  x  25  feet  in  extent,  and  where  a  splendid  display  is  made  of  costly  chronometers  and  fine 
watches,  the  highest  grade  of  marine  chronometers  being  largely  represented,  and  the  whole  going  to  make  up  a 
stock  the  value  ot  which  would  not  be  less  than  $10,000.  Chronometers  are  manufactured  for  the  navy  and  also  for 
the  trade,  and  Mr.  H.  H.  Heinrich's  goods  are  found  in  watchmakers'  and  dealers'  stores  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  in  which  the  highest 
grades  of  such  instruments  are  obtainable,  "  H.  H.  Heinrich's  patent  self-adjusting  balance  "  being  deemed  almost  indispensable  in  cases 
where  extreme  accuracy  is  imperative,  by  the  most  competent  judges,  while  his  auxiliary  balance,  and  his  new  system  for  regulating  the 
isooiironism,  are  scarcely  less  highly  regarded.  In  the  manufacture  of  its  goods  the  firm  employs  a  number  of  skilled  mechanics,  while  the 
principal  gives  the  closest  possible  attention  in  supervising  all  work  for  which  the  establishment  is  to  assume  the  responsibility,  whether  that 
work  be  ot  its  own  manufacture,  or  simply  of  its  adjustment.  Mr.  Heinrich,  now  an  elderly  gentleman,  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has 
resided  in  the  United  States  for  a  quarter  ot  a  century  and  has  well  earned  the  high  and  general  esteem  he  enjoys. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


229 


SMITH  ,i  NICHOLS,  Manufacturers  of  Oils,  Caudles,  Wax  and  Grease,  No.  143  Front  Street— A  review  of  the  trading  concerns  of  the 
Empire  City  would  assuredly  be  incomplete  without  special  reference  to  the  responsible  house  of  Messrs.  Smith  &  Nichols,  as  emi 
nently  representative  of  the  great  candle  industry  of  the  country.  This  well  known  house  was  founded  at  No.  143  Front  Street,  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago,  by  Messrs.  Wakeman  &.  Fierz,  as  manufacturers  of  oils,  candles,  wax  and  grease;  autJ,  although  to  these 
gentlemen  is  due  the  credit  for  establishing  a  far-reaching  connection  and  high  reputation  for  reliability  and  excellence  of  quality,  the 
present  proprietors.  Mr.  H.  Smith  and  Mr.  S.  Nicliols,  who  succeeded  to  the  control  in  1888,  when  the  firm  name  was  changed  to  its  present 
style,  are  responsible  for  not  only  sustaining  in  the  highest  degree  the  connection  and  reputation  accorded  the  firm  iu  the  time  of  their  pred- 
ecessors, but  for  mafcerially  adding  to  and  extending  the  patronage  and  elevating  the  already  high  character  of  the  house  to  a  foremost 
position  in  the  trade.  The  large  volume  of  trade  now  controlled,  necessitates  the  maintenance  of  two  extensive  factories,  built  on  the  latest 
model,  and  furnished  with  all  the  most  approved  tools,  plant  and  appliances  pertaining  to  the  trade,  one  being  located  at  Green  Point,  L.  I., 
N.  Y.,  and  the  other  at  Carlstatt,  N.  Y.  These  two  well  equipped  factories  are  well  calculated  to  accommodate  the  one  hundred  and  fifty 
skilled  operatives  that  are  steadily  employed  in  the  various  branches  of  the  business,  the  specialties  of  which  are  the  manufacture  of  the 
"Star"  brand  of  sun  bleached  beeswax,  "Clover''  white  wax,  "Synovial"  lubricants,  hand  made  and  molded  church  candles,  while 
they  are  agents  for  tlie  "  Q  "  brand  of  astral  parafflne  wax  candles,  all  of  which  fully  warrant,  in  actual  trading,  the  many  estimable  quaUties 
claimed  for  them  by  the  firm.  The  premises  in  New  York,  at  the  location  indicated,  consist  of  a  five-story  building,  each  floor  being  25  x  100 
feet  in  dimensions,  used  as  office,  salesroom  and  warehouses,  all  being  admirably  fitted  and  furnished  with  every  convenience  for  handling 
the  heavy  stock  always  on  hand,  which  is  of  the  most  comprehensive,  representative  and  bulky  description.  Both  Mr.  Smith  and  Mr. 
Nichols  give  their  close  personal  attention  to  every  detail  of  the  business,  which  now  reaches  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
and  by  export  to  South  America.    The  former  gentleman  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  latter  of  Boston,  Mass. 

rnrOS.  W.  SWITZER  &  CO.,  Steam  Packing  Box  Makers,  No.  '21  Gold  Street.— A  source  of  supply  for  packing  boxes  of  suitable  qualities 
-^  I  and  descriptions  at  moderate  prices  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time,  on  emergencies,  is  of  vital  importance  in  a  city  manufacturing 
v^  I  and  exporting  on  so  extensive  a  scale  as  New  York,  and  an  establishment  like  that  of  Jos.  W,  Switzer  &  Co.,  is  certain 
II  of  due  appreciation.  Such  indeed,  it  has  enjoyed  from  the  date  of  its  inception,  fifty-five  years  ago,  down  to  date.  It  was 
founded  in  I83.i  by  Mr.  H.  Switzer,  and  his  son  Mr.  J.  W.  Switzer,  and  Mrs.  H.  Switzer  succeeded  him  nineteen  years  ago.  From 
first  to  last  the  commodious  premises  have  been  kept  well  in  line  with  the  times  by  the  provision  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  machinery, 
appliances  and  contrivances  for  seasoning  the  timber  in  tlie  best  manner  and  manufacturing  packing  boxes  in  thoroughly  reliable  style  by 
such  methods  as  were  calculated  to  save  labor  to  the  utmost,  and  reduce  the  cost  to  users  to  the  lowest  possible  level  consistent  with  good 
workmanship  and  material.  At  the  present  time  machinery  driven  by  steam  is  largely  employed  and  the  work  of  the  staff  of  ten  men 
thereby  greatly  manifolded.  The  premises  occupied  are  at  No.  21  Gold  Street,  and  consist  of  two  spacious  floors  each  25  x  100  feet  in  meas- 
urement, thus  affording  ample  accommodation  for  the  storage  of  a  large  stock  of  lumber  and  the  work  of  tlie  establishment,  which  is  exclu- 
sively to  order,  and  can  be  turned  out  with  the  expedition  so  essential  among  business  men.  Mr.  Jos.  W.  Switzer  is  not  only  well  posted  in  all 
the  details  of  the  trade,  to  which  he  devotes  his  assiduous  attention,  and  respected  in  the  commercial  world,  but  is  also  prominent  in  social 
circles.  Among  the  social  bodies  with  which  he  is  identified  are  the  Free  and  Associated  Masons,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the  Society  of  Tonti 
and  the  Old  Brooklynites.     He  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age.  born  in  New  York. 


FRANK  &  GUT^IANN,  Manufacturers  of  Ladies'  Dress  Shields,  Etc..  Nos.  156 
and  l')H  W.  Broadway.— The  manufacture  of  specialties  for  service  in  connec- 
tion with  ladies'  and  gentlemen's  attire  is  an  enterprise  in  which  Messrs. 
Frank  &  Gutmanu  embarked  ten  years  ago,  and  the  great  utility  of  the  little 
articles  they  took  up,  the  pleasing  antl  finished  style  in  which  they  p^-oduce 
them,  and  the  ingenuity  they  have  shown  in  the  manufacture  of  them  on  a  large 
scale  at  a  small  cost,  has  been  productive  of  a  very  general  demand  for  their  goods 
in  all  parts  of  the  union,  five  traveling  salesmen  representing  the  best  interests  of 
the  house  among  tlie  innumerable  tradesmen  who  retail  them.  Among  their 
manufactures  are  the  "  Eruiinie  "  dress  shield,  the  '*  Fairy  "  dress  shield,  the  "  Wiz- 
ard "  clasp,  the  "Wizard"  spring  hook  cult  holders,  the  "Wizard"  suspenders, 
wire  armlets,  elastic  garters,  arm  bands,  et-c.,  etc.,  the  enormous  sale  for  which  is 
such  that  from  forty  to  fifty  skilled  work  people  are  employed  at  their  factory.  This, 
which  has  always  been  contiguous,  is  at  Nos.  156  and  158  West  Broadway,  a  three- 
story  building,  50x75  feet  in  dimensions,  with  the  factory  on  the  upper  floor,  and 
salesroom,  shipping  department  and  office  below,  the  whole  being  appointed  and 
equipped  in  a  manner  best  calculated  to  facilitate  the  industrial  and  executive  work 
respectively.  The  steady  and  sustained  progress  of  the  traile  gained  by  the  alert 
and  progressive  proprietors  is  such  that  it  now  not  only  extends  to  all  quarters  of 
the  United  States,  but  includes  a  growing  export  trade  to  South  America, 
Mexico  and  other  coimtries.  The  partners,  Mr.  Henry  C.  Frank  and  Mr.  Heni*y 
Gutmaun.  are  both  young  men  of  New  York  birth,  and  are  highly  respected  in  tlie 
city. 

WALTER  LOGAN,  Book.  Job  and  Newspaper  Printer,  Nos.  584-588  Hudson  Street.— The  old-established  and  well  conducted  busi- 
ness of  Mr.  Walter  Logan  as  a  book,  job  and  newspaper  printer,  has  at  its  head  a  thoroughly  practical  man,  whose  twenty-two 
years  experience  as  the  proprietor  and  responsible  director  of  his  own  undertaking,  was  anti-dated  by  several  years  training  with 
some  of  the  largest  printint?  establishments  in  the  city.  Hence,  in  this  case  special  tecluiical  aptitude,  business  capacities  and 
capital  are  combined,  and  these  three  essentials  to  prosperity  iu  mercantile  affairs  based  on  manufacturing  industries,  have  been 
productive  of  their  fitting  result  in  the  rearins^  up  of  a  valuable  connection,  chiefly  with  the  commercial  houses  of  the  city.  In  acquitting 
itself  of  contracts  at  competitive  prices  the  firm  has  the  advantage  of  a  thoi'oughly  modern  equipment,  its  spacious  floor,  100  x  75  feet  in 
extent,  being  provided  with  seven  or  eight  of  the  most  improved  fast-feed  presses  yet  introduced,  while  in  the  matter  of  type  its  composing 
room  can  boast  of  the  most  carefully  selected  fonts  from  the  leading  type  foundries,  as  well  as  fancy  and  plain  borders,  and  all  the  etceteras 
that  go  to  make  up  a  completely  fitted  printing  office.  Its  staff  consists  of  twenty  to  thirty  employees.  In  coping  with  the  demands  upon 
its  resources  tlie  firm  spares  no  effort  by  employing  its  staff  during  longer  hours,  or  hy  engaging  additional  hands  to  meet  its  engagements 
wth  the  commendable  promptness  which  is  expected  of  letter-press  printers  and  this,  with  the  numerous  other  good  features  of  the  estab- 
lishment have  led  to  its  obtaining  a  steady  and  enduring  connection  of  the  most  enviable  kind.  Mr.  Walter  Logan  the  respected  proprietor, 
is  a  middle  aged  gentleman,  well  up  in  his  trade  and  well-informed  generally  and  he  enjoys  a  general  esteem  which  is  very  fully  merited. 


230  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


The  popularity  of  field,  forest  and  stream  sports 
y  ,  I  g  m^j^\f  /7{^  fSr'O^QlOf'^  ''''^  steadily  increased  with  tlie  growth  of  popu- 
l/fll^\  ^"^  g         I  lation.  education,  and  refinement,  and  they  now 

\J!  i  I   V^-^     /vt^li.?    '^^OfrK^'sf*)     liave  enthusiastic  advocates  and  followers  in  all 

parts  of  the  country.    The  business  of  manu- 


facturing and  handlinj;  anglers'  and  hunteis'  supplies,  has,  consequently,  been  advanced  to  a  plane  of  much  importance,  and  some  of  the 
most  talented  business  men  are  engaged  in  this  line.  The  leading  house  of  this  kind  is  that  of  Heui'y  C.  Squires,  of  this  city,  whose  hand- 
some establishment  is  situated  at  No,  178  Broadway,  and  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  business  emporiums  to  be  found  on  that  famous  thor- 
oughfare. Mr.  Squires  established  his  enterprise  in  1870,  and  has  since  built  up  a  large,  influential  patronage  e-xtending  all  throughout  the 
United  States,  having  among  his  customers  the  wealthiest  and  most  pr'oniinent  citizens  in  the  country  He  carries  on  general  operations  as 
a  manufacturer  and  importer  of  fine  guns,  fishing  tackle,  camping  goods,  dog  goods,  pleasure  boats  and  canoes,  and  everything  required 
for  forest,  field  and  stream  sports  and  pastimes.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  a  spacious  stoi'e  and  basement,  85  x  150  feet  in  dimen- 
sions. The  salesroom  is  elegantly  appointed,  systematically  arranged,  and  contains  a  superb  stock,  valued  at  $S0O,0O0.  Mr.  Squires'  son, 
G.  Harry,  has  lately  been  taken  into  the  fli'm,  and  it  was  this  young  gentleman's  bi-ains  and  artistic  taste  that  produced  their  magnificent 
catalogue  of  spoi-tsmau's  supplies.  This  book  is  worthy  of  more  than  passing  notice,  and  has  been  so  widely  reviewed  in  all  the  sporting 
journals  and  great  dailies  of  this  city  that  Mr.  Squires  has  become  familiarly  known  in  the  newspapers  as  Henry  Catalogue  Squires.  The 
catalogue  is  certainly  a  superb  production.  There  are  eight  hundred  illustrations  on  enamel  plate  paper  by  such  artists  as  P'rederick  Rem- 
ington, Heni-y  Sandham,  J.  Carter  Beard,  W,  Hamilton  Gibson,  Fred.  S.  Cozzens,  Joseph  FlcTuing,  F.  E.  Gifford,  W.  T.  Smedly,  Walter  M. 
Brackett,  E,  Childe-Hassam,  W.  de  Meza,  W.  C.  Fitler,  E.  J.  Taylor,  H.  Bolton  Jones,  Thomas  Morgan.  C.  J.  Van  Schaick,  .4.  B.  Frost,  A. 
Fraser,  W.  L.  Snyder,  F.  S.  Church,  C.  Copeland,  Kelly  Bodflsh  and  Schell,  and  there  are  also  departments  covering  guns,  ammunition,  dog 
furnishing,  fishing  tackle,  lawn  tennis,  photography,  bicycling,  fencing,  camping  goods,  boats,  canoes,  etc.  Besides  these  there  has  been 
added  this  year  at  large  expense  a  collection  of  most  valuable  articles  on  hunting,  fishing,  camping,  etc.,  written  and  illustrated  especially 
for  this  book.  The  principal  ones  are  those  by  the  Hon.  Theo.  Roosevelt,  on  Big  Game  Hunting  in  the  United  States,  illustrated  by  Charles 
Graham;  Sporting  Notes  fi-om  the  Catskills,  by  Bill  N.ve,  illustrated  by  Frederick  Opper;  An  Open  Letter  to  the  Hon.  Jack  Snipe,  by  W. 
Bruce  Leffingwell,  illustrated  by  J.  Carter  Beard;  Salmon  Fishing,  by  Henry  P.  'Wells,  illustrated  by  Harry  Fenn;  Hints  on  Black  Bass  Fish- 
ing, by  Dr.  Jas.  A.  Henshall,  illustrated  by  E.  J.  Meeker;  Down  by  the  Sea,  by  Chas.  Hallock,  illustrated  by  Harry  Fenn,  E.  J.  Meeker  and  Dan 
Beard;  Practical  Points  on  Camping  Out,  by  Geo.  O.  Shields,  illustrated  by  Dan  Beard;  Canoeing,  by  C.  B.  Yaux.  illustrated  by  Fred.  C. 
Cozzens.  These  articles  make  the  book  a  literary  gem  and  a  work  as  well  as  a  splendid  catalogue,  and  the  testimonies  as  to  its  unusual 
merit  in  these  dii-ections  are  really  remarkable.  They  have  come  to  Mr.  Squires  from  presidents,  senators,  governors,  men  great  in  wealth, 
high  in  the  church,  great  lawyers  and  artists  and  successful  business  men.  The  following  are  a  tew  extracts  taken  from  the  autograph 
letters  of  some  of  New  York's  great  millionares,  customers  of  Mr.  Squires,  who  have  received  his  catalogue;  "  It  is  certainly  the  most  com- 
plete and  the  handsomest  work  of  the  kind  ever  published.  Please  accept  thanks  for  the  same.  F.  \V.  Vanderbilt."  "  It  must  appeal  to 
the  aesthetic  taste  of  every  one,  and  be  especially  appi-eciated  by  those  who  indulge  in  the  sports  of  leisure  life."  John  D.  Rockefeller.  "  I 
am  very  much  pleased  with  it.  What  is  more,  my  boys,  who  are  interested  in  such  things,  are  delighted,  and  no  doubt  you  will  hear  from 
them.  S.  B.  Elkins."  "  I  think  it  is  very  handsome.  Thanking  you  for  the  same,  I  remain.  Augtist  Belmont,  Jr."  "It  far  surpasses 
anything  of  the  kind  I  have  ever  seen.  Please  accept  my  thanks  for  the  same,  and  believe  me,  J.  Coleman  Drayton."  "  It  is  a  very  elegant 
and  interesting  volume,  and  will  doubtless  be  of  great  service  for  future  reference,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry."  "  The  catalogue  is  a  very  beautiful 
one,  and  certainly  cannot  fail  to  win  much  favor  for  your  enterprising  concern.  With  thanks  for  your  kindness,  \Vm.  Rockefeller."  Last 
year  10,000  copies  were  sold  in  nine  months  and  it  ran  through  four  editions.  This  year  tlie  first  edition  will  be  10,000  copies,  and  it  is 
expected  that  double  that  number  will  be  sold.  It  is  sent  to  any  address  for  50  cents,  which  is  only  one  quai-ter  the  actual  cost  of  the  book, 
and  a  coupon  is  put  in  each  one  that  is  good  for  50  cents  on  the  purchase  of  S5.00  worth  of  goods,  so  that  really  the  catalogue  is  given  away 
free.  For  the  last  twenty  years  Mr.  Squires  has  been  well  known  as  the  sole  agent  in  the  United  States  for  W.  W.  Greener's  celebrated 
hammerless  and  ejector  shot  guns,  and  for  about  the  same  length  of  time  he  has  been  the  Eastern  agent  for  Rushton  pleasure  boats  and 
canoes.  Mr.  Squires  is  a  native  of  New  York  State,  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  a  large  constituency  of  friends  and  business  acquaintances, 
and  has  the  cream  of  the  sporting  goods  trade  in  New  York.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  field,  forest  and  stream  sports,  and  has  done 
much  to  advance  their  popularity.  He  is  president  of  the  Adirondack  Preserve  Association,  likewise  a  director  of  the  Adirondack  League 
Club,  and  in  all  the  walks  of  life  is  held  in  high  regard. 

THE  UNIVERS.^L  AUTOMATIC  LUBRICATOR  COMPANY,  John  A.  Wyman,  Manager.  No.  18  Broadway. —The  Automatic  Lubricator 
Company  was  duly  incorporated  in  August,  1887,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Hampshire,  and  has  a  capital  stock  of  81,000,000, 
The  mission  of  this  company  is  the  manufacture  and  introduction  of  the  Automatic  Lubricator  for  use  on  railroad  car  boxes,  which 
was  patented  August  30,  1887,  and  has  proved  a  revelation  to  the  entire  railway  fraternity.  Their  superiority  over  all  other  devices  for 
lubricating  is  fully  demonstrated  by  the  continuous  orders  from  leading  railway  companies,  which  certainly  would  not  be  the  case 
if  the  facts  as  represented  were  not  warranted  beyond  any  doubt.  The  company  guai-antee  a  saving  of  over  fifty  per  cent  in  lubri- 
cating expenses,  and  that  it  is  nnpossible  to  have  a  "  hot  box  "  from  imperfect  luljrication.  They  will  wear  from  six  to  twelve  months;  they 
can  be  inserted  in  a  few  seconds  and  made  to  fit  any  size  box  without  any  alteration  whatever.  The  company  will  gladly  furnish  one  set  of 
eight,  free  from  any  charge,  for  your  experimental  purpose,  or  will  equip  one  train  or  more  at  their  own  expense  on  ninety  days'  trial,  to  be 
paid  for  if  they  do  all  they  claim  for  them.  They  have  many  letters  from  railway  superintendents  which  bear  strong  testimony  to  the  real 
worth  and  utility  of  this  remarkable  invention.  Mr.  George  "W.  Stevens,  superintendent  of  M.  P.,  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern 
R.  R..  writes;  "  We  find  the  saving  in  oil  is  quite  marked;  also  the  wear  of  brasses,  and  that  the  service  of  the  lubricators  has  been  satisfac- 
tory." Wm.  Gessler.  of  the  C  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  writes:  "I  consider  your  lubricatoi-s  a  success  in  every  particular."  G.  P.  Spaulding,  M.  M. 
Texas,  Sabine  Valley  ct  Northwestern  R.  R.,  writes  on  March  10,1883:  "  I  have  been  using  your  lubricatoi-s  in  two  of  our  engine  forward 
trucks  for  three  weeks,  and  they  give  the  best  of  satisfaction;  since  they  were  applied  I  have  not  used  one  drop  of  oil,  and  the  journals  have 
not  even  been  warm,  while  before  they  were  newly  packed  every  day,  and  oiled  four  or  five  times  each  day,  and  would  run  warm  in  spite  of 
our  efforts  to  keep  them  cool.'  .\mong  the  promment  railroads  upon  which  the.se  lubricators  are  being  used  and  tested  may  be  named  the 
New  Y'ork.  N.  H.  *  Hartford  R.  R.,  Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit  R.  R.,  Sea  Beach  R.  R.,  Brighton  Beach  R.  R..  New  York  *  B.  Bridge  R.  R., 
Boston  &  Albany  R.  R.,  Boston  &  Providence  R.  R.,  Kansas  City,  F.  I.  it  51.  R.  R.,  Kansas  City  Cable  R,  R.,  Kansas  City  Independent  R,  T. 
R.  R.,  Montana  Union  R.  R.,  Atlantic  &  Western  R,  R.,  Annapolis,  Washington  &  Baltimore  R.  R.,  Blexican  Central  R.  R.,  Panama  R.  R.  and 
hundreds  of  others.  The  factory  of  the  company  in  Brooklyn  has  a  productive  capacity  of  one  thousand  per  day  and  gives  employment  to 
one  hundred  hands.  The  officers  and  directors  of  this  representative  company  are  as  follows,  viz. :  pre.sident.  H.  G.  Wood;  vice-president 
and  treasurer,  John  A.  Wyman.  Mr.  John  A.  Wyman  is  the  general  manager  and  moving  spirit  of  the  enterprise,  and  by  right  as  being  the 
inventor  of'the  automatic  lubricator  which  is  the  foundation  of  the  success  of  the  company  and  its  reliance  for  the  future.  Mr.  'Wyman  is  an 
experienced  shipbuilder  and  engineer,  who  atone  time  had  charge  of  a  large  number  of  steamers  runniuE;  into  New  York  harbor,  and 
he  and  his  coadjutors  in  the  direction  of  this  company  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  outlook  for  the  future. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  231 

S&  C.  WAJDLOW,  Iron  Works.  F.  S.  Piltlitch,  Manager,  Office  N'o.  95  John  Street.— Tlie  success  of  any  manufacturing  company 
depends  largely  upon  the  merits  of  the  goods  manufactured,  wlien  put  into  the  hands  ol  the  people,  who  are  the  "  consumers." 
.Accepting  this  statement  as  being  correct,  and  certainly  it  cannot  *e  questioned,  no  forcible  illustration  is  needed  to  show  why 
•  the  product  of  the  English  firm  of  S.  &  C.  Waidlow  is  in  such  demand  among  steel  workers  in  this  country,  as  well  as  elsewhere 
tlu-oughout  the  civilized  world.  This  firm  commenced  business  in  England  in  183:).  In  the  time  elapsed,  they  have  come  to  be 
regarded  as  among  the  largest  and  most  important  manufacturers  of  steel  in  the  world,  and  to-day  operate  two  well-known  plants,  each 
employing  a  large  force  of  the  most  skilled  workmen  under  the  charge  and  personal  supervisiou  of  practical  managers  of  long  experi- 
ence and  unusual  ability  in  the  art  of  steel  manufacttire.  The  works  at  Sheffield.  England,  are  known  as  "  Portobello  Steel  Works;" 
those  at  Oughtibridge,  England,  as  •'  Congress  Rolling  .Mills."  The  commercial  relations  of  the  firm  with  this  country  having  assumed 
that  magnitude  and  importance,  it  was  imperatively  demanded  that  they  be  represented  in  the  United  States  by  a  branch  house,  which 
was  accordingly  established  in  this  city  in  1860.  Here  in  spacious  premises  comprising  a  floor  and  basement,  each  25  x  100  feet,  at  No. 
95  John  Street,  is  displayed  complete  samples  of  the  products  of  the  firm  in  steel,  where  a  heavy  stock  of  the  same  is  carried,  so  that 
all  orders  receive  prompt  and  satisfactory  fulfllhuent.  S.  &  C.  Waidlow  are  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  cast  and  double  shear 
steel,  which  is  produced  in  bars,  sheets  and  coils,  and  is  utilized  for  making  flue  pens  and  pocket  cutlery,  razors,  shears,  scissors, 
carvers,  butchers'  knives,  band  saws,  clock,  watch  and  all  other  springs ;  also  sole  makers  of  the  special  brand  "  Tough  "  cast  steel,  for 
leather  splitting,  and  machine  knives  of  every  description,  and  for  turning  and  all  other  tools,  dies  and  punches.  In  this  country  the 
house  caters  to  and  supplies  a  high  cl.iss  trade  in  flue  steel,  and  give  this  trade  the  privilege  of  securing  the  finest  cast  steel  in  the 
market.  The  branch  here  is  under  the  capable  and  active  management  of  Mr.  Frank  S.  PiKlitch,  an  English  gentleman  of  middle  age,  who 
has  lived  in  this  country  for  the  past  twenty  years.  Mr.  Filditch  moves  in  the  highest  circles  here,  and  is  much  respected  by  an  exten- 
sive acquaintanceship  in  business  and  social  life. 

THE  OBRIG  CA3tER.i  COMPANT,  Photographic  Outfits  and  Supplies,  No.  16.3  Broadway.— .\  recently  established  and  representa- 
tive house  in  the  city  is  that  of  the  Obrig  Camera  Company.  This  business  was  established  in  1886,  and  its  history  from  its 
inception  has  been  one  of  phenomenal  success.  This  company  manufactures  the  "  Tom  Thumb  "  camera,  which  is  the  only 
pocket  camera  that  can  be  actually  carried  in  the  pocket.  The  "Tom  Thumb"  camera  is  the  latest  invention  in  photographic 
apparatus,  and  is  without  doubt  destined  to  supersede  all  the  numerous  so-called  detective  cameras,  inasmuch  as,  when  not  in 
actual  use,  it  can  be  put  out  of  sight  in  one's  pocket.  They  also  keep  for  sale  the  Kodak,  Hawkeye  and  other  portable  cameras  and 
their  accessories,  and  show  customers  how  to  use  them.  They  also  deal  in  all  photographic  supplies,  and  keep  a  full  stock  of  the 
products  of  all  the  different  camera  ntanufactories.  The  stock  of  this  company  is  the  largest  and  best  selected  in  New  York,  and  their 
goods  are  offered  to  cjistomers  at  extremely  low  prices.  They  also  do  photographic  printing,  and  all  orders  in  this  line  receive  prompt 
attention,  and  the  work  is  done  in  a  satisfactory  manner  at  most  reasonable  rates.  Professionals  can  always  find  at  this  establishment 
the  best  photographic  apparatus  and  supplies  in  the  market,  while  to  amateurs  they  likewise  offer  substantial  inducements  and  advan- 
tages. Their  patronage  now  extends  throughout  all  sections  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Catalogues  and  price  lists  are  published, 
and  forwarded  promptly  on  application.  They  are  special  agents  for  the  Platinotype  Process.  Mr.  A.  C.  Wilmerding  is  the  proprietor  of 
this  business,  and  gives  his  personal  supervision  to  every  detail.    He  is  a  native  of  this  city,  and  is  an  enterprising,  honorable  business  man. 

BR.^DLEY  &  COMPANY,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Manufacturers  of  Two  and  Four  Wheel  'Vehicles,  Repository,  No.  14  Warren  Street.— The 
perfection  of  the  art  of  carriage-making  is  a  combination  of  the  greatest  possible  strength  and  the  least  possible  weight  with  ease 
of  draft  and  elegance  of  finish.  These  essentials  are  combined  in  a  striking  manner  in  the  products  of  Bradley  &  Company,  the 
well-known  manufacturers  of  two  and  four  wheel  vehicles,  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  who  have  extensive  repositories  at  No.  14  Warren 
Street,  New  York:  and  No.  98  Sudbury  Street,  Boston.  The  tound,ation  of  this  extensive  business  was  laid  in  18.32.  by  Messrs.  Brad- 
ley &  Company,  as  manufacturers  of  forges  and  trip  hammers,  and  in  1S76  the  carriage  industry  was  added,  which  branch  has  since  grown 
so  large  that  it  is  now  the  leading  specialty  of  the  house.  .A  stock  company  has  also  been  formed  under  the  original  name  and  style,  with 
C.  C.  Bradley,  president,  W.  C.  Bradley,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  New  York  house  was  opened  in  1884,  and  is  under  the  experienced 
management  of  Mr.  S.  B.  Horton,  who  is  thoroughly  posted  in  all  the  details  of  the  business  and  the  requirements  of  the  trade,  and  is  emi- 
nently popular  and  successful  in  meeting  all  its  demands.  The  factory  at  Syracuse  is  one  of  the  finest  and  best  equipped  of  the  kind  in  the 
United  States,  and  here  the  company  turns  out  some  three  thousand  vehicles  per  year,  and  gives  constant  employment  to  three  hundred 
and  fifty  men.  The  output  comprises  both  light  and  medium  vehicles,  all  of  which  are  made  of  the  best  materials  and  in  the  most  durable 
manner,  only  fine  first-class  work  being  turned  out.  Their  specialties  include  the  Bradley  "  handy "'  wagon,  the  Bradley  spindle  wagon,  the 
Bradley  "handy  "  surrey,  the  Brewster  surrey,  Brewster  spring  buggy,  Coggin  spring  buggy,  the  Banner  buggy,  the  Bradley  two-wheeler, 
the  Bradley  pon.y  cart,  Shetland  pony  two-ivheeler,  Bradley  road  cart,  the  park  cart,  and  the  Bradley  "  handy  "  road  cart.  A  full  line  of 
these  vehicles  is  carried  in  stock  at  the  New  York  repository,  and  orders  invariably  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention.  This  company 
also  manufacture  the  Bradley  heating  forges,  for  hard  coal  or  coke;  the  Bradley  upright  cushioned  helve  hammer;  and  furnish  the  Bradley 
cart  harness.  The  name  and  fame  of  Bradley  &  Company  have  extended  to  all  parts  of  the  civilized  globe.  They  are  continually  extending 
their  field  of  usefulness,  and  can  rejoice  with  mighty  England  that  the  sun  never  sets  on  the  products  of  their  industry. 

PIERCE  STE.\5I  HE.\TIXG  CO.,  Radiators,  J.  A.  Goodrich,  M'g'r.,  No.  92  Centre  Street.— The  Pierce  Steam  Heating  Co.,  of  Buffalo, 
whose  New  York  house  J.  A.  Goodrich,  manager,  is  located  at  No.  92  Centre  Street,  have  branches  also  in  Boston  and 
Chicago,  They  are  manufacturers  of  the  justly  famed"  Ideal,"  "  Peerless,"  "  Star,"  "Excelsior  "  and  "  National "  Radiators,  which  are 
productions  of  exceptional  excellence,  receiving  the  highest  award  at  the  seventeenth  exhibition  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable 
Mechanic's  Association,  held  in  1890,  and  which  are  in  wide-spread  and  constantly  increasing  demand  throughout  the  United  States  and 
foreign  countries.  The.v  are  very  handsome  in  design,  simple  and  strong  in  construction,  easily  .adjusted,  particularly  effective  in  generating 
and  distributing  heat  and  unusually  economical.  Ijeing  made  on  strict  scientific  principles,  the  result  of  jears  of  observation,  comparison  and 
experiment,  and  are  absolutely  divested  of  any  and  all  the  undesirable  features  that  characterize  the  productions  of  others.  The  Pierce 
Eadiators  are  not  in  fact,  surpa,s,sed  in  any  single  feature  of  merit  by  any  apparatus  of  the  kind  to-diiy  on  the  market,  and  of  the  superiority 
thereof  certainl.y  no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the  distinct  recognition  they  receive  all  over  the  country.  The 
works  of  the  Pierce  Steam  Heating  Co.  at  Buffalo,  of  which  J.  B.  Pierce  is  president  and  Joseph  Bond,  treasurer,  are  a  capacious  and  well 
equipped  plant,  and  a  large  force  of  skilled  workmen  are  there  regularly  employed.  The  premises  occupied  as  office  and  salesrooms  on  Cen- 
tre Street,  this  city,  comprise  a  25  x  125  foot  ground  floor  and  basement,  and  are  finely  fitted  up  and  well  appointed  in  every  respect,  and  an 
efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  here  employed,  -i  large  and  splendid  assortment  of  the  Pierce  Radiators,  (which  are  made  in  a 
number  of  sizes  and  styles)  is  always  carried  in  stock,  and  every  article  sold  is  fully  warranted,  while  the  prices  prevailing  are  remarkably 
reasonable,  character  of  workmanship,  quality  of  material  and  merit  of  apparatus  considered,  substantial  inducements  being  offered  to  the 
trade,  and  all  orders  receive  prompt  attention. 


232  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

EBLACKMAN,  Patentee  of  Improvements  in  Kerosene  and  Gas  Burners,  also  in  Lamp  FLxtures,  and  Draught  Inducing  Devices,  No. 
93  Maiden  Lane.— One  of  our  leading  New  York  manufacturers  in  this  line  is  notably  E.  Blackman,  who  is  inventor  and  patentee  ot 
a  number  of  distinctly  meritorious  improvements  iu  kerosene  and  gas  burners;  also  in  lamp  fixtures  and  draught  inducing  devices. 
*  This  gentleman's  productions  are  articles  of  exceptional  excellence,  being  surpassed  iu  no  feature  of  merit  by  anything  of  the  kind 
on  the  market,  and  commands  an  extensive  sale,  being  in  wide-spread  and  growing  demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  United 
States.  His  Bartholdi  Lamp  Burners  are  about  as  near  perfection  as  science  and  art  can  make  them.  Another  of  Mr.  Blacknian's  inventions 
deserving  of  more  than  passing  mention  is  the  X  L  Argand  gas  burner,  which  furnishes  a  steady,  brilliant,  perfect  light,  and  by  the  use  of 
which  a  great  reduction  is  effected  in  gas  bills.  Mr.  Blackman,  who  has  his  goods  manufactured  by  contract,  receiving  a  royalty  on  the 
sales,  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  and  was  born  in  Connecticut,  but  has  resided  in  New  York  many  years,  being  in  business  in  this  building 
since  1869.  He  is  a  man  of  practical  skill  and  ingenuity,  an  expert  in  his  line,  as  well  as  of  untiring  industry,  and  has  won  success  by  deserv- 
ing it.  The  business  premises  on  Maiden  Lane  occupy  three  commodious  floors,  with  .ample  and  complete  facilities,  and  several  efficient 
assistants  are  employed,  the  proprietor  himself  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail. 

VOODBRIDGE  &  TURNER,  Electrical  Engineers  and  Contractors,  No.  74  Cortlandt  Street.— The  rapid  growth  and  development  of 
New  Y'ork  and  adjoining  cities  has  created  a  Held  for  the  electrical  engineer  and  contractor,  that  has  never  been  equaled.  A 
widely  known  firm  in  this  professiou  is  that  of  J.  Lester  Woodbridge  and  Wm.  S.  Turner,  of  No.  74  Cortlandt  Street.  They  are 
electrical  engineers  and  contractors,  their  functions  including  the  furnishing  of  complete  equipments  for  electric  railways;  steam 
plants  for  electric  light  and  power;  the  installation  of  are  and  incandescent  lights,  and  the  submission  of  designs  and  estimates. 
This  firm  was  established  in  1888,  and  has  developed  a  business  extending  throughout  the  United  States.  The  limit  of  space  prevents  the  record 
of  an  account  of  all  of  the  important  undertakings  that  these  gentleman  have  carried  to  a  successful  issue,  but  suffice  it  to  say  that  their  talents 
and  abilities  have  been  appreciated  by  the  public  who  have  endorsed  their  works.  The  individual  members  of  the  firm  are  gentlemen  who  have 
acquired  a  thorough  scieutitic  training  and  entered  upon  their  calling  with  a  complete  knowledge  of  the  profession  in  all  of  its  details  and 
also  an  understanding  of  the  exacting  demands  of  the  public,  the  fulfillment  of  which  is  necessary,  if  one  would  succeed  in  this  day  of  rush 
and  competition.  Mr.  Woodbridge  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  while  Mr.  Turner  was  born  in  Quincy,  111.  They  are  gentleman  who  have 
evinced  a  laudable  ambition  to  excel,  a  desire  which  has  been  generally  recognized,  and  they  stand  prepared,  fortified  by  their  great  prac- 
tical experience  and  ample  resources,  to  promptly  carry  to  a  successful  issue  any  promise  that  they  may  make  to  their  many  patrons. 

VH.  &  T.  CLARKSON,  Patents  and  Pensions,  No.  lib  Broadway.— One  of  the  best-known  legal  firms  in  the  metropolis  making  a 
specialty  of  patents  and  pensious  is  that  of  Messrs.  \V.  H.  &T.  Clarkson,  who  have  been  established  in  their  profession  here  for 
a  period  of  twenty-five  years,  and  have  clients  and  correspondents  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  They  give  their  special  atten- 
•  tion  to  pushing  the  claims  and  establishing  the  rights  of  inventors  and  patentees,  disabled  veterans  and  pensioners  before  the 
departments  of  the  Government  at  WashinRton,  before  Congress  and  the  courts  of  last  resort.  Being  completely  equipped 
with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  rules  and  technicalities  of  procedure  in  all  phases  and  features  of  their  practice,  and  perfectly  conversant 
with  every  detail  ot  their  business.  They  handle  United  States  and  foreign  patent  cases,  attending  to  reissues,  appeals,  interferences, 
assignments,  extensions,  trade-marks,  design  patents,  labels,  copyrights  and  all  cases  before  the  courts,  and  have  developed  a  clientele  in  this 
branch  of  their  practice  which  proves  their  ability  and  is  eminently  creditable  in  character.  Their  many  clients  in  all  parts  of  the  country 
will  bear  testimony  to  their  zeal  and  success  in  promoting  their  causes.  The  Messrs.  Clarkson  are  natives  of  New  York  and  known  and  hon- 
ored in  its  social,  business  and  professional  circles.  5Ir.  W.  H.  Clarkson  served  in  the  Seventeenth  New  York  Infantry  two  years,  and  in  the 
United  States  Navy  two  years,  during  the  late  war,  rising  from  a  private  to  become  a  captain  and  is  now  junior  vice  commander  of  Hancock 
Post.  G.  A.  R.  of  this  city.  He  is  also  commissioner  in  New  York  for  all  states  and  territories  in  the  United  States,  having  correspondents  in 
all  the  principal  citie*  of  the  Union. 

T-i  J.  &  I.  PHILLIPS,  Real  Estate  Brokers,  Auctioneers  and  Appraisers,  Loans  Negotiated,  No.  149  Broadway.— Tliis  firm  have  been 
I  ^  engaged  as  real  estate  brokers,  auctioneers  and  appraisers  since  lS7.i,  and  their  large  and  varied  experience  has  rendered  them  em- 
I  \  inently  competent  to  cope  with  all  public  questions  affecting  the  interests  of  owners  of  realty  within  the  corporate  limits.  Messrs. 
^  *  •  L.  J.  and  I.  Phillips  have  earned  a  high  reputation  for  accurate  judgment  and  superior  business  tact  in  developing  property  inter- 
ests to  profitable  conclusions.  They  have  secured  very  important  connections  therein,  including  among  the  permanent  patrons 
many  leading  capitalists,  investors  and  property  owners,  while  carrying  through  to  a  successful  issue  many  large  and  important  transactions. 
They  handle  both  city  and  country  property  of  all  kinds,  and  have  upon  their  books  full  descriptions  of  houses,  lots,  country  seats  and 
business  blocks  for  sale  or  rent,  including  many  rare  bargains.  The  character  of  their  clientage  tells  how  implicitly  they  are  trusted.  While 
there  is  a  large  line  of  selling  and  leasing  done  by  this  firm,  they  are  especially  ^prominent  in  expert  realty  appraisements,  and  their  agency 
affords  a  safe  medium  wherein  the  interests  of  tax-payers  and  property  holders  are  always  zealously  guarded  and  intelligently  promoted. 
The  success  of  this  fli-m  in  this  Une  of  their  business  has  been  secured  by  their  lengtheneil  experience  and  a  patient  and  diligent  study  of  all 
questions  relating  to  taxable  values,  securing  them  a  high  standing  as  authority  on  all  such  matters,  and  serving  to  commend  them  to  the 
confidence  of  all.  The  telephone  call  of  their  Broadway  office  is  No.  711  John;  of  their  up-town  office.  No.  856  Thirty-ninth  Street.  Mr.  I. 
Phillips,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  business,  died  in  1889,  since  which  date  the  business  has  been  continued  by  Messrs.  L.  J.  Philhps,  S. 
Goldsticker  and  D.  L.  Phillips,  under  the  original  firm  name.  Mr.  Phillips  is  a  native  ot  England,  but  has  resided  in  this  city  since  three 
years  ot  age,  while  Mr.  Goldsticker  was  born  in  New  York  City. 

THE  B.  &  S.  ELECTRIC  EQUIPMENT  COMP.^NY,  Electric  Equipment  Supplies  for  Electric  Railways,  Electric  Light  Stations,  Power 
Plants,  No.  ll.'i  Broadway.— We  are  now  in  the  electric  age.  To  obtain  some  insight  into  what  is  being  done  in  the  electrical  field,  it 
is  only  necessary  to  pay  an  observant  visit  to  the  headquarters  of  electric  supplies,  upon  which  these  vast  interests  draw  for  their 
support.  This  will  be  found  at  the  office  of  the  B.  >S-  S.  Electric  Equipment  Company,  No.  115  Broadway.  This  company  furnish 
electric  equipment  supplies  for  electric  railways,  electric  light  stations  and  power  plants,  and  are  taking  contracts  for  the  building 
of  electric  railways,  the  erection  of  electric  light  plants,  and  general  electrical  work  all  over  the  United  States.  The  company  was  incorpo- 
rated in  November,  1890,  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey,  with  a  capital  of  $SS,(KIO,  and  with  L.  W.  Serrell,  Esq.,  president;  E.  T. 
Birdsall,  M.  E.,  general  manager.  This  corporation  have  quickly  taken  a  position  among  the  oldest  and  strongest  concerns  in  the  electrical 
field,  by  reason  of  the  great  practical  experience,  commanding  ability  and  scientific  knowledge  brought  to  bear  in  tlie  management,  and  its 
influence  and  patronage  has  already  become  country-wide.  Its  services  are  in  important  requisition  by  corporations  and  private  parties  in 
all  sections  of  the  Union,  and  the  management  is  in  a  position  to  guarantee  the  prompt  and  perfect  fulfillment  of  all  orders  and  commissions. 
They  erected  the  Flushing  and  College  Point  Electric  Railway,  and  have  put  in  a  number  of  plants  in  this  city  that  serve  to  commend  the 
company  more  eloquently  than  words,  and  prove  its  only-needed  endorsement.  The  president,  Mr.  Serrell,  is  also  general  manager  of  the 
United  States  Electric  Railways  Company,  and  eminent  as  an  electrician.  Mr.  Bii-dsall,  the  general  manager,  is  also  prominent  in  the  city 
asa  consulting  and  constructing  electrical  engineer.  Both  gentlemen  are  graduates  of  Stevens  Institute,  standing  deservedly  high  in  pro 
f  essional  and  business  circles. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


233 


HENRY  C.  THO^IPSON,  Civil  Engineer  and  Surveyor.  Nos.  47  and  49  Liberty  Street.— The  profession  of  a  civil  engineer  and  surveyor, 
is  one  that  is  weighted  with  great  responsibilities,  especially  in  large  cities,  and  requires  on  the  part  of  those  engaged  in  it 
superior  business  and  educational  qualifications.  The  professional  tajeut  of  the  country  has  fully  kept  pace  with  the  demand,  and 
among  those  well  worthy  of  mention  engaged  in  this  business  in  New  York  is  Mr.  Henry  C.  Thompson.  Jlr.  Thompson  is  a  young 
man.  a  native  of  this  city  and  is  thoroughly  famihar  with  all  branches  of  his  profession  and  since  he  has  been  established  in  busi- 
ness on  his  own  account  has  been  engaged  in  a  number  of  very  important  undertakings  which  required  superior  ability  and  %vh!cli  under  his 
management  were  brought  to  a  very  successful  issue.  His  office  is  of  ample  dimensions,  neatly  and  appropriately  fitted  up  aud  provided 
with  every  convenience,  including  business  consultation  office  and  draughting  room,  and  employment  is  given  a  number  of  skilled  and 
experienced  assistants.  He  is  prepared  to  undertake  all  branches  of  the  profession  such  as  making  preliminary  surveys,  furnish  plans, 
specifications  and  estimates  for  railroad,  bridge,  road,  and  other  public  improvements,  also  the  surveying  and  laying  out  of  town  sites, 
additions  and  sub-divisions  of  city  and  town  suburbs,  estabhsh  monuments,  in  disputed  land  cases,  also  furnish  topographical  and  other 
maps  of  any  size  and  upon  any  desired  scale.  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  En- 
gineers, and  the  fidelity  and  accuracy  with  which  he  has  performed  all  work  entrusted  to  his 
charge  has  made  for  him  a  reputation  of  the  very  highest  character. 


Central  Park— Boat  Landing  and  Fountain. 


THE  GAMEWELL  FIRE  ALAR5I  TELEGRAPH  COMPANY.  No.  U  Barclay  Street.— One  of  the  prominent  and  successful  features  of 
the  city  government  of  New  York  is  the  employment  of  the  American  fire  alarm  and  police  telegraph,  of  which  the  Gamewell  Fire 
Alarm  Telegraph  Company  of  this  city  are  proprietors.  The  principal  office  of  this  company  is  located  at  No.  U  Barclay  Street. 
To  Dr.  William  F.  Channing.  of  Boston,  and  Moses  G.  Farmer,  of  Salem,  is  due  the  credit  for  the  first  successful  employment  of 
electricity  for  giving  instantaneous,  imiversal  and  definite  alarms  in  cases  of  fire.  In  June.  1851,  their  plan  was  accepted  by  the  city 
of  Boston  and  an  appropriation  made  to  test  the  exj>eriment.  In  the  then  state  of  electro-mechanical  knowledge,  progress  was  necessarily 
slow,  and  it  was  a  year  before  the  first  official  fire  alarm  was  sounded  by  electricity.  About  the  year  1855,  Messrs.  Gamewell  &  Company 
became  the  proprietors  of  all  the  patents  of  Channing  and  Farmer  for  the  south  and  west,  and  shortly  after  for  the  entire  country.  Realiz- 
ing from  the  first  the  incalculable  value  of  the  fire  alarm  telegraph,  aud  the  necessity  of  attaining  as  near  perfection  as  possible,  Messrs. 
Gamewell  &  Company  never  failed  to  appreciate  and  secure  every  improvement  which  inventive  genius  and  mechanical  skill  could  develop. 
In  1877  the  Gamewell  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  Company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  is  now  officered  and  man- 
aged as  follows,  viz.:  Joseph  W.  Stover,  president:  William  H.  Woolverton  and  D.  H.  Bates  vice-presidents:  C.  W.  Cornell,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer; John  N.  Gamewell.  general  superintendent.  It  is  sufficient  guaranty  that  this  company  will  continue  the  policy  laid  down  by  the  found- 
ers of  the  business  that  Mr.  Gamewell  .-emainsas  superintendent.  The  fire  alarm  telegraph  consists  of  a  central  or  batterystation.  the  wire  cir- 
cuits which  connect  the  central  station  with  the  street  signal  boxes,  and  the  alarm  apparatus,  consisting  of  electro-mechanical  bell-strikers  in 
church  or  other  towel's,  electro-mechanical  gong-strikers  located  in  engine  houses,  public  buildings  and  residences  of  fire  department  offi- 
cials, and  indicators  showing  in  plain  figures  the  number  of  the  signal  box  from  which  an  alarm  originates.  The  advantages  secured  by 
adopting  the  fire  alarm  telegraph  are  many  and  important.  It  furnishes  to  every  property  holder  the  means  near  at  hand,  in  case  of  fire, 
for  giving  an  instantaneous  and  definite  alarm,  thus  saving  thousands  of  dollars  in  property  and  sometimes  human  life.  It  saves  the  neces- 
sity of  turning  out  an  entire  fire  department  at  every  alarm  of  fire.  It  is  now  in  use  in  every  city  of  any  size  throughout  the  United  States. 
The  company  own  and  operate  a  factory  at  Newton.  Mass.,  where  they  give  constant  employment  to  one  himdred  hands.  Agencies  are 
established  in  Chicago.  Boston,  Baltimore,  San  Francisco  and  Richmond,  Indiana,  and  the  business  is  broadly  distributed  throughout  the 
United  States  and  Canada. 


234  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

HHENRIQUES,  Real  Estate  Broker  and  Auctioneer,  No.  G3  Liberty  Street.— Mr.  Horatio  Henriques  nas  for  many  years  been  well 
known  in  the  real  estate  world,  and  his  name  has  beeu  prominently  identified  with  several  of  the  most  important  transactions 
recorded  on  the  registers,  within  the  last  forty  years,  during  wliich  period  he  has  been  practicing  as  a  real  estate  broker  and  auc- 
•  tioiieer.  with  offices  at  No.  &2  Liberty  Street.  As  a  result  of  ripe  experience,  close  study  and  rare  intuitive  ability,  Mr.  Henriques  is 
enabled  to  execute  with  consummate  skill  the  purchase,  sale,  transfer  of  real  estate  of  all  kinds,  and  conducts  other  commissions 
entrusted  to  his  care  in  connection  with  tlie  negotiation  of  loans  upon  l)ond  or  mortgage,  to  the  complete  satisfaction  of  clients,  alike  in  the 
matter  of  charges,  terms  and  conditions.  Tlie  business  of  the  house  although  local  in  its  character,  is  of  the  most  important  nature,  and 
embraces  a  general  line  of  real  estate  transactions,  for  property  owners,  large  operators  and  investors  of  the  most  representative  kind,  all  of 
whom,  by  Mr.  Henriques'  courtesy,  are  enabled  to  reap  the  benefit  of  his  sound  judgment.  In  the  clerical  duties  which  devolve  upon  the 
house,  the  worthy  principal  is  aided  by  duly  qualified  assistants.  He  is  in  every  way  well  appointed,  and  is  furnished  with  all  necessary 
books,  references,  records  and  lists  of  property  on  hand  for  sale  usually  kept  by  eminent  firms  of  this  nature.  Mr.  Henriques  is  a  native 
of  this  city. 

THE  LEATHEROID  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  No.  38  Reade  Street.— A  manufacturing  house  which  has  been  a  powerful  lever  in  secur- 
ing to  us  the  lead  in  this  branch  of  manufacture  is  the  Leatheroid  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  Kennebunk,  Maine,  New  York  City  and 
B<:ston,  Massachusetts.  The  concern  manufacture  roving  cans,  mill  baskets,  wheel  baskets  and  insulating  material,  the  specialty 
being  sample  trunks  and  cases.  The  factory  is  located  at  Kennebunk,  Maine,  where  the  house  gives  constant  employment  to  huu 
dreds  of  assistants  in  the  various  departments  of  its  business.  The  factory  presents  a  creditable  picture  of  able  management  and 
harmonious  working,  and  the  main  office  is  under  the  control  of  an  efflcient  directory.  The  New  York  branch  of  the  company  is  situated  at 
No.  38  Reade  Street,  a  thorouglifare  devoted  to  trades  of  a  nature  kindred  with  those  carried  on  by  the  company.  The  Metropolitan  branch 
has  been  in  existence  about  seven  years,  and  is  under  the  control  of  a  gentleman  of  singular  business  accomplishments— Mr.  A.  H.  Teeple, 
who  is  a  native  of  Brookl^-n  and  is  still  a  young  man  in  the  full  possession  of  an  indomitable  perseverance.  He  has  been  connected 
with  the  company  for  a  number  of  years  ;  the  duration  of  his  management  of  the  New  York  branch  being  since  the  year  1887.  The  Reade 
Street  premises  are  used  as  an  office  and  salesroom,  with  storage  capacity  on  Duane  Street  covering  an  area  of  nearly  five  hundred  square 
feet,  which  is  constantly  stocked  with  a  large,  varied  and  complete  assortment  of  sample  goods,  trunks,  etc. 

THE  GOUGE  HEATING  AND  VENTILATING  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Gouge's  Patent  Ventilating  Apparatus,  also  Gouge's  Patent 
Heating  Apparatus,  No.  47  Beekman  Street.— Attention  is  direct^'d  to  the  productions  of  the  Gouge  Heating  and  Ventilating  Co., 
which  are  about  as  nearly  perfect  in  this  line  as  skill  and  ingenuity  and  years  of  study,  experiment  and  sustained  effort  could  make 
them.  Gouge's  patent  ventilating  apparatus  and  Gouge's  patent  heating  apparatus  are  achievements  of  exceptional  merit,  and  are 
conceded  to  be,  without  any  exception,  the  most  complete,  effective,  reliable  and  altogether  superior  appliances  of  the  kind  ever  in- 
vented, being  not,  for  a  fact,  surpassed  in  any  single  feature  by  anything  of  the  kind  thus  far  introduced  to  public  notice.  The  Gouge  appa- 
ratus have  for  years  occupied  a  place  in  popularfavor  throughout  the  United  States  accorded  to  none  other,  and  of  their  superiority  assured 
no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the  fact  that  they  are  in  wide-spread  use  on  railways,  in  hotels,  institutions,  churches, 
colleges,  newspaper  offices,  banks,  business  houses  and  private  residences  in  all  the  leading  cities  of  the  country,  while  hundreds  of  the  most 
gratifying  testimonials,  attesting  the  uniform  satisfaction  they  everywhere  render,  are  in  possession  of  the  company.  This  flourishing  enter- 
prise was  started  some  thirty  years  ago.  and  as  the  H.  A.  Gouge  Co.  was  conducted  up  to  1881,  wlien  the  concern  was  duly  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Y'ork,  with  a  capital  stock  of  S100,000,  and  the  present  style  adopted,  H.  A.  Gouge  being  the  president  and 
treasurer,  and  Wm.  G.  Fulton,  the  secretary.  They  occupy  spacious  and  commodious  premises  at  No.  47  Beekman  Street,  with  ample  and 
complete  facilities,  and  employ  a  large  force  of  skilled  workmen,  the  proprietors  themselves  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every 
detail  of  the  business.  A  large  stock  is  constanty  kept  on  hand  here,  and  apparatus  are  set  in  place,  and  also  repaired  and  reset  in  the  most 
prompt  and  trustworthy  manner,  all  orders  receiving  immediate  attention, .while  the  prices  charged  are  of  the  most  reasonable  character, 
workmanship,  material  and  general  excellence  of  the  productions  considered.  Messrs.  Gouge  and  Fulton  are  natives  of  Connecticut,  but 
residents  of  this  city  many  years.  Both  are  men  of  energy  and  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  of  skill  and  ingenuity,  and  are,  in  short, 
masters  of  their  art. 

CARL  ULLMANN  &  COMPANY,  Hops,  Nos.  30-32  Whitehall  Street.- This  firm  enjoy  an  international  reputation  as  growers  and  exporters 
of  Bavarian  and  Bohemian  Hops,  and  dealers  in  Domestic  Hops.  The  business  was  founded  in  1853,  in  Germany,  and  in  1886  the  pres- 
ent establishment  was  opened  in  this  city.  The  management  of  affairs  in  this  city  is  entrusted  to  Messrs.  Sigmund  and  Louis 
UUmann,  while  the  senior  partner,  Mr.  Carl  Ullmann,  resides  in  Germany.  All  the  partners  have  had  large  experience  and  possess  an 
intimate  knowledge  of  every  feature  and  detail  of  the  hop  trade  and  the  requirements  of  the  market.  The  firm's  connections  and 
facilities,  both  in  Germany  and  the  United  States,  are  of  the  most  superior  character,  enabling  them  to  obtain  their  supplies  of  foreign  and 
domestic  hops  direct  from  the  best  growers.  These  gentlemen  are  also  recognized  as  authorities  regarding  the  grades  and  quahties  of 
hops,  and  a  test  by  them  is  quite  sufficient  to  determine  the  value  and  standard  of  any  particular  lot.  They  handle  five  thousand  bales  per 
year  at  this  point,  which  are  unsurpassed  for  quality  and  general  excellence  by  the  goods  of  any  other  flrst-class  house  in  the  trade. 
The  enterprise  and  reliability  of  this  responsible  house  is  fully  illustrated  by  the  superior  quality  of  the  hops  they  have  placed  upon  the 
market.  They  are  conducting  an  extensive  and  influential  trade  all  over  the  United  States,  and  number  among  their  customers  many  of  the 
most  eminent  brewers  in  the  country.  This  firm  are  also  prominent  in  trade  circles  as  sole  agents  for  the  United  States.  Canada  and  South 
America,  for  Dr.  Schneider's  Patent  Fai'bmalz.  The  Messrs.  UUman  are  natives  of  Germany,  well-known  members  of  the  Brewers'  &  Malt- 
sters' Association,  and  both  as  regards  reliability  and  liberality  they  justly  merit  the  high  reputation  to  which  they  have  attained  in  the  hop 
trade  on  both  continents. 

ULIW  ^-  TAY'LOR  &.  COMPANY,  Ostrich  Feathers,  No.  *4  Wooster  Street.— In  all  parts  of  this  country,  as,  indeed,  in  all  quarters  of 
\/\         tlie  civilized  world,  where  ladies  of  cultivated  taste  are  able  to.  indulge  their  love  for  elegant  and  suitable  attire,  ostrich  feathers 

/  1  are  a  favorite  trimming  for  millinery  purposes;  and  the  firm  of  M.  J.  Taylor  &  Company,  of  No.  84  Wooster  Street,  which  is 
-^  -*•  •  engaged  in  the  importation  and  manufactnre  of  these  goods,  flourishes  accordingly;  it  having  long  been  justiv  regarded  as  one 
of  the  leading  sources  of  supply.  The  business  received  its  inception  in  the  year  1870,  but  it  is  to  the  period  since  it  came 
under  the  talented  proprietary  control,  in  1885,  of  Mr.  U,  J.  Taylor,  that  the  chief  interest  attaches;  it  has,  during  the  six  years  that  have 
supervened,  been  conducteil  with  rare  energy  and  enterprise,  and  obtained  a  corresponding  hold  upon  the  trade  in  all  sections  of  the  coun- 
try, its  three  commercial  travelei-s  covering  the  grounds  in  every  direction,  and  influencing  an  amount  of  business  that  gives  steady 
employment  to  a  staff  of  expert  employees  one  hundred  and  twenty-flve  in  number  For  so  large  an  industrial  force  and  for  the  a]3ph- 
ances  incidential  to  their  operations,  commodious  quarters  are  essential,  and  those  occupied  embrace  three  floors,  each  100  by  25  feet  in 
measurement,  the  organization  of  the  concern,  both  in  respect  to  material  and  personnel  being  of  the  most  perfect  kind  and  its  goods  being 
produced  in  the  finest  style,  while  offered  at  prices  that  challenge  rivalry.  A  native  of  this  city,  Mr.  31.  J.  Taylor  is  a  young  man  who  is 
appreciated  for  his  great  administrative  capacity,  as  well  as  for  his  general  business  aptitude,  and  for  his  many  personal  good  qualities. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  235 

DUNN  &  WILSON,  Heraldic  Chasers,  Engravers  and  Designers,  Etc..  No.  151  Fulton  Street.— As  this  country  advances  in  intelligence, 
wealth  and  ease,  there  is  a  natural  desire  to  display  on  equipages  and  harness  the  coat  of  arms  or  crests  that  represent  the  old 
family  trees  of  which  the  members  of  the  present  generation  are  thf  branches.  This  gives  opportunity  for  firms  like  Dunn  &  Wil- 
son, of  No.  151  Fulton  Street.  They  have  been  established  since  1885  and  are  known  as  heraldic  chasers,  engravers  and  designers 
and  manufacturers  of  crests,  coat  of  arms,  monograms,  letters,  bridle  fronts,  rosettes  and  all  kinds  of  tine  harness  ornaments.  They 
employ  fifteen  skilled  artisans  and  are  both  practical  workmen.  Thomas  J.  Dunn  was  born  in  New  York,  while  Joseph  J.  T.  Wilson  came 
here  when  a  cliild.  They  have  the  honor  to  have  furnished  the  saddlers  and  harness  makers  the  monograms,  crests  or  arms  used  by  the 
Vanderbilt  family,  tne  Goulds,  the  Astors,  the  Belmonts,  the  Ogdens  and  a  vast  number  of  the  upper  classes.  Their  business  is  constantly 
growing  and  yields  a  very  large  profit,  the  character  of  their  work  being  the  finest  in  the  market.  They  manufacture  for  the  harness 
trade  exclusively. 

THE  "OLD  REMINGTON  GUN  STORE,"  Cornwall  &  Smock,  Proprietors.  Nos.  281-283  Broadway.-The  "  Old  Remington  Gun 
Store,"  situated  at  Nos.  281-28:3  Broadway,  is  one  of  the  leading  establishments  of  the  kind  in  New  York,  and  it  enjoys  a  reputation 
of  the  most  Haltering  character  all  throughout  the  United  States.  The  business  was  established  eighteen  years  ago  at  this  stand  by 
the  E.  Remington  Sons,  and  the  store  has  been  occupied  by  the  present  firm  for  three  years.  The  business  of  this  firm  was  founded 
in  1871  by  Mr.  William  M.  Cornwall,  and  thj-ee  years  since  Mr.  D.  P.  Smock  was  admitted  to  partnership,  the  firm  name  of  Cornwall 
&  Smock  being  adopted.  The  co-partners,  both  native  New  Yorkers,  have  had  thorough  experience  in  their  line  of  trade.  The  premises 
occupied  comprise  a  spacious  store  having  a  frontage  of  2;i  feet  and  a  depth  of  100  feet.  The  place  is  fitted  up  in  neat,  tasteful  style,  and  is 
filled  to  repletion  with  a  heavy  stock  of  sporting  goods  of  every  description,  the  assortment  including  fishing  tackle,  base  ball  goods,  boxing 
gloves,  hammocks,  lawn  tennis,  fencing  outfits,  dog  collars,  hammer  and  hammerless  breech  loading  guns,  rifles,  revolvers,  ammunition, 
sportsmen's  canvas  and  leather  goods  in  great  variety,  Indian  clubs,  dumb  bells,  bicycles,  etc.  These  goods  are  all  of  A  N(i.  1  manufacture, 
and  are  the  best  of  the  kind  procurable  from  foreign  and  American  sources  of  production.  Both  a  wholesale  and  retail  trade  is  supplied, 
the  trade  of  the  house  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  local  business  is  particularly  active.  Three  salesmen  represent  the 
house  on  the  road.    Messrs.  Cornwall  &  Smock  are  well  known  in  the  community  as  progressive  and  enterprising  merchants. 

r-W"  M.  LAWRENCE,  Excelsior  Lantern  Company,  No.  194  Water  Street.— This  company  are  prominent  as  manufacturers  of  railroad^ 
-_  I  street,  hand,  marine,  and  a  large  variety  of  street  lanterns  and  every  variety  of  burners,  chimney's,  globes  and  shades.  The  busi- 
v^  I  ness  was  originally  established  m  1844.  the  present  proprietor  succeeding  to  the  control  in  1883.    He  owns  and  occupies  a  four-story 

t  I  *  building,  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  which  is  divided  into  manufacturing  and  sales  dt-partments,  and  gives  every  accommodation 
for  supplying  the  most  extensive  demand.  Mr.  Lawrence  is  constantly  introducing  new  and  popular  styles  of  lanterns  which  fully 
maintain  the  motto  of  •"  excelsior  "  in  workmanship  and  quality,  and  which  are  sold  at  prices  that  will  bear  comparison  with  any  man- 
ufacturer. His  object  is  to  promote  direct  trade  with  the  jobber,  retailer  and  exporter;  to  furnish  a  regular  standard  quality  of  goods 
which,  once  handled,  will  be  sure  to  induce  further  orders.  His  lanterns  are  the  finest  articles  of  the  kind  ever  invented.  His  aim  has  ever 
been  to  produce  a  lantern  that  would  excel  all  others  in  eveiy  point  of  utility,  economy  and  durability,  and  his  success  in  this  laudable 
endeavor  has  been  brilliant  in  the  extreme.  A  specialty  is  made  of  safety  storage  lanterns  approved  by  Board  of  Underwriters.  He  pays 
special  attention  to  campaign  torches,  furnishing  to  firemen,  campaign  and  civic  clubs,  the  best  assortment  of  torches  ever  offered  in  the 
market,  at  bottoTn  prices.  He  also  sells  all  the  popular  burners,  chimneys  and  wicks  at  lowest  market  rates;  150"  fire  test  oil  by  the  barrel 
or  in  cans:  also  signal  and  mineral  sperm  oils.  We  would  call  special  attention  to  the  polyopticon.  an  improvement  on  the  magic  lantern. 
This  is  an  optical  wonder,  especially  adapted  to  Sunday  schools,  church  fairs,  plantations,  family  recreation  and  amusement.  It  is  now  in 
its  fourth  year  and  its  sale  is  rapidly  increasing.  Mr.  Lawrence  has  built  up  a  fine  growing  trade,  not  only  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
but  in  South  America,  Canada,  Australia  and  other  foreign  countries.  Having  intimate  connections  with  oil  refiners  he  is  prepared  to  fur- 
nish oil  direct  from  manufacturers  by  car  or  lightei-s  at  ruling  market  rates.  Mr.  Lawrence  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  an  experienced 
and  successful  manufacturer,  noted  for  his  genius  as  an  inventor  and  his  reliability  as  a  business  man. 

VILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY,  Warehousemen,  Cold  and  General  Storage,  Office  No.  161  Chambers  Street,  Warehouses:  Nos.  161 
and  163  Chambers  Street.  No.  143  Reade  Street,  Nos,  393.  395  and  397  Greenwich  Street.  No.  62  Beach  Street.— This  noteworthy 
and  ftoui-ishing  enterprise,  of  which  William  Wills  is  the  president  and  Janies  Wills  secretary  and  treasurer,  was  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  the  state  in  March,  1800,  with  a  capital  of  S25.000,  and  the  positive  and  permanent  success  that  has  attended  it 
from  the  first  abundantly  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  not  to  speak  of  the  energy  and  ability  displayed  in  the 
management  of  the  business.  The  company  occupy  for  the  purposes  indicated  seven  commodious  buildings,  with  a  total  aggregate  of 
750,000  cubic  feet  of  space  devoted  to  cold  storage  alone,  an  immense  area  being  devoted  to  general  storage  besides,  and  all  the  latest 
improved  appliances  and  appurtenances  are  in  service.  They  have  perfect  cold  storage  facilities  in  six  of  the  buildings,  and  employ  an  effi- 
cient force  of  help,  handling  enormous  quantities  of  butter,  poultry,  meats,  fruits  and  perishable  property  of  every  description.  Merchan- 
dise of  all  kinds  is  received  on  storage,  likewise,  the  premises  being  centrally  located  in  the  mercantile  and  produce  districts,  and  everything 
throughout  the  entire  system  bespeaks  order  and  excellent  management.  Insurance  is  placed  on  goods  also,  and  risks  are  effected  in  first- 
class  fire  companies  at  lowest  i-ates  compatible  with  absolute  security,  the  office,  which  is  connected  by  telephone  {call  "  No.  467  Murray  ") 
being  agency  for  the  German  American  Insurance  Company,  the  American  Fire  Insurance  Company  and  the  London  and  Liverpool  and 
Globe  Insurance  Company.  The  Messrs.  Wills,  who  are  gentlemen  of  middle  age,  are  men  of  strict  integrity  in  their  dealings,  as  well  as 
enterprise  and  business  ability,  and  are  active  members  of  the  JMercantile  Exchange. 

PTTT      H.  HANFORD.  Sole  Proprietor  and  Manufacturer  of  Wright's  Patented  Eureka  Polish,  No.  246  Pearl  Street.— Wright's  patented 
fl  "  Eureka  "  polish,  A.  H.  Hanford,  sole  proprietor  and  manufacturer,  is  conceded  to   be  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  polishes,  and  has 

#1  secured  an  enduring  hold  on  favor  in  the  piano  and  organ  trade  all  over  the  country,  as  well  as  among  carriage  builders,  cabinet 

J  makers,  hardwood  workers  and  manufacturers  of  furniture,  bar  fixtures,  parquet  fioors.  etc.     It  is  a  great  time  saver,  but  little 

labor  being  expended  in  applying,  and  is  notably  economical,  reijniring  much  less  quantity  to  produce  a  permanent  and  brilliant 
polish  than  any  other  known  substance,  while  in  polishing  it  thoroughly  cleans,  a  feature  which  gives  the  preparation  a  distinct  advantage 
overall  other  productions  of  a  similar  character  on  the  market.  Besides  the  "  Eureka  "  polish.  :\Ir.  Hanford  also  manufactures  several 
other  articles  of  a  kindred  nature  under  the  Wright  patent,  and,  altogether,  he  does  a  flourishing  business,  the  demand  for  his  goods  being 
at  once  steady,  extensive  and  increasing.  Sir.  Hanford,  (who  operates  under  letters  patent,  dated  August  21,  1883)  is  a  gentleman  of  middle 
age  and  a  New  Yorker  by  birth.  He  is  a  man  of  practical  skill  and  thorough  experience  in  this  line,  and  during  the  eight  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  manufacturing  these  goods  has  been  signally  successful.  The  business  premises  are  conmiodious,  ample  and  completely 
equipped.  A  large  and  first-class  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  here,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  attention,  the  proprietor  exercis- 
ing close  personal  supervision  over  every  detail;  while  the  prices  quoted  are  remarkably  low,  quality  of  productions  considered,  special 
inducements  being  offered  to  piano  and  organ  manufacturers,  furnitm-e  manufacturers,  carriage  builders,  etc. 


236  HISTORY  AND  COJIMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

EBENEZER  COOK,  Proprietor,  Cook's  Majoram  Cream,  Blackberry  Balsam  and  other  Specialties,  No.  63  Cortlandt  Street.— A  review- 
of  the  great  mercantile  and  manufacturing  interests  of  New  York  would  be  incomplete  without  a  mention  of  one  of  the  most  active 
men  in  commercial  centers,  namely  Ebenezer  Cook  of  No.  02  Cortlandt  Street.  He  was  established  in  18.55  in  this  city,  in  the  retail 
drug  business,  which  was  developed  into  a  very  extensive  wholesale  trade.  This  he  continued  until  1878,  when  financial  embarrass- 
ment overcame  him  and  forced  him  to  abandon  his  business.  In  this  year  he  began  in  a  modest  way  to  manufacture  specialties, 
chief  among  which  were  blackberry  balsam.  Uncle  Sam's  cough  cure,  liver  pills,  hair  restorer,  etc.  He  finally  conceived  the  idea  of  manu- 
facturing what  he  named  Cook's  Majoram  Cream,  an  invaluable  remedy  that  is  now  known  the  world  over  as  a  positive  cure  for  rheuma- 
tism, gout,  stiff  joints,  lumbago,  soreness  of  the  che.st  and  lungs,  pains  in  the  back  and  side,  sprains,  swellings,  bruises,  tumors,  burns, 
scalds,  poison  of  oak,  mercury,  vines,  ivy,  sumach,  etc.,  croup,  catarrli,  cold  in  the  head,  bunions,  chilblains,  tender,  fetid  or  sweating  feet, 
bites  and  stings  of  insects,  bees  anil  reptiles,  salt  rheum,  St.  Anthony's  fire,  pimples,  sun  burn,  chapped  hands,  chafing,  etc.  The  extreme 
excellence  of  Cook's  Majoram  Cream  has  so  widely  grown  into  notice,  that  this  remedy  is  now  the  panacea  for  an  endless  number  of  ills- 
Dr.  Cook's  life  has  been  one  of  struggle  and  final  supremacy.  A  native  of  Point  Pleasant,  N.  J.,  he  began  his  career  as  a  chemist's  clerk  at  a 
time  when  there  were  but  three  botanic  shops  in  New  York.  He  is  now  the  acknowledged  leading  specialist  in  the  diseases  that  have 
proven  such  a  bane  to  humanity.  He  keeps  a  constant  supply  of  his  goods  on  hand  and  by  perseverence  and  energy  has  built  up  a  trade 
throughout  the  country.  In  business  circles,  Dr.  Cook  is  a  gentleman  noted  for  his  strict  integrity  and  high  honor.  He  Ims  fine  quarters 
and  a  constantly  growing  patronage. 

■«— ^  OUIS  STEASBURGER  &  COMPAMY,  Diamonds,  No.  16  Maiden  Lane.— A  house  in  the  diamond  trade,  whose  connections  are  as 
I  p,  extensive  as  its  reputation  is  high,  is  that  of  Slessrs.  Louis  Strasburger  &  Company,  wliose  New  York  office  is  located  at  No.  16 
I  \  Maiden  Lane.  For  the  past  thirty-three  years  this  house  has  carried  on  a  most  extensive  trade,  and  it  now  reaches  to  all  parts  of  the 
■^ — '  United  States,  Canada  and  South  America,  with  the  largest  and  most  responsible  firms  in  the  diamond  dealing  and  jewelry  trades, 
Mr.  Louis  Strasburger,  the  founder  of  the  undertaking,  has  liad  a  wide  and  most  inclusive  experience  in  the  hamlling  of  diamonds, 
and  other  precious  stones,  such  as  rubies,  sapphires,  emeralds,  pearls,  etc.,  and  is  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  judges  of  the  precise 
merit  of  tlie  precious  gem,  to  be  found  in  the  city.  For  the  better  transaction  of  the  large  volume  of  trade  done,  the  firm  have  branch  estab- 
lishments at  No.  ITO  State  Street.  Chicago,  111.,  as  well  as  a  house  at  No.  25  Boulevard  Haussmaun,  Paris,  under  personal  supervision  of  one 
of  his  sous,  Mr.  M.  L.  Strasburger,  where  the  .*.mericau  buyers  make  their  headquarters  and  from  which  the  firm  have  two  represent- 
atives visiting  all  the  principal  cities  of  Europe.  The  New  York  store,  at  the  location  indicated,  is  richly  appointed,  and 
fitted  with  every  convenience  for  the  due  prosecution  of  the  business;  here  also,  one  of  the  sons,  Mr.  Alvin  L.  Strasburger  gives  his  full 
attention  to  the  business,  five  competent  assistants  being  employed  in  handling  the  goods  of  the  house,  under  the  personal  direction  of  the 
principal.  A  very  fine  selection  of  diamonds  and  precious  stones  of  all  grades  of  excellence,  is  kept  on  hand ;  the  whole  aggregating  a  value 
of  many  hundred  thousands  of  dollars.  The  firm  has  a  name  in  the  trade  for  thorough  genuineness  and  reliability  that  is  not  excelled  by  any 
of  its  competitors.  Mr.  Strasburger  is  of  German  origin,  and  came  to  this  country  some  forty-one  years  ago,  and  is  director  in  several 
banks  and  president  of  several  institutions. 

CHARLES  L.  HIRSH  &  COMPANY,  Importers  and  manufacturers  of  Druggists'  and  Grocers'  Specialties,  No.  09  North  Moore  Street. 
— The  importation  of  and  wholesale  trade  in  druggists'  and  grocers'  specialties,  is  of  leading  importance  among  the  conunercial 
industries  of  New  York,  and  has  largely  contributed  to  the  advancement  of  its  business  growth  and  prosperity.  A  leading  house 
engaged  in  carrying  on  operations  in  this  line,  is  that  of  Charles  L.  Hirsh  &  Company,  situated  at  No.  90  North  Moore  Street,  near 
Washington  Street.  Although  a  young  concern,  having  only  been  in  operation  a  year,  yet  the  house  has  rapidly  advanced  to  a  fore- 
most position  in  the  industry,  and  has  a  trade  extending  all  throughout  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  the  east,  the  southwest,  and 
west  to  the  I\Iississippi.  Six  traveling  salesmen  represent  the  house  on  the  road.  The  building  occupied  has  six  floors,  25  x  75  feet  in  dimen- 
sions, and  is  appropriately  fitted  up  throughout.  Employing  a  staff  of  twenty-five  hands  the  firm  carry  on  active  operations  as  importers 
and  manufacturers  of  druggists'  and  grocers'  specialties,  making  leading  specialties  of  borax,  bluing,  bird-seed,  aumionia,  witch  hazel,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  lime,  and  kindred  products.  A  very  heavy  stock  is  at  all  times  carried  on  hand  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  trade,  and 
orders  are  promptly  filled  at  lowest  possible  prices.  The  members  of  the  firm  are,  Messrs.  Charles  L.  Hirsh  and  Herbert  J.  Me.ver,  two  wide- 
awake, progressive  business  men.  Mr.  Hirsh  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and  was  for  fourteen  years  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Leon  Hirsh  & 
Sons;  Mr.  Meyer  was  with  this  firm  six  years.  He  is  a  native  of  Jersey  City.  We  commend  this  house  to  the  trade  as  an  enterprising  and 
liberal  one,  and  one  siu-e  to  supply  goods  in  this  line  of  such  a  quality  and  at  such  prices  as  will  insure  a  continuance  of  trade  relations  once 
entered  into. 

WILLIAM  G.  STEIN^IETZ,  Architect  and  Engineer,  Temple  Court.— This  gentleman  is  a  native  of  German.v  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1861.  He  enlisted  as  a  civil  engineer  in  the  war  for  the  union  under  the  command  of  General  John  C.  Fremont;  was  taken 
prisoner  and  served  a  term  in  Libby  Prison,  and  finally  lost  a  leg  in  defence  of  his  adopted  country.  In  July,  1863.  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  his  profession  in  Washington.  D.  C,  taking  charge  of  the  United  States  Treasury  extension.  From  1867  to  1869 
he  was  engaged  in  important  work  for  the  United  States  government  on  the  north  wing  Treasury  Building,  and  in  1870  came  to 
New  York  to  supervise  the  erection  of  the  city  post  ofHce,  in  which  he  was  engaged  for  five  years,  and  has  resided  here  ever  since.  He  has 
built  the  sea  wall  around  the  battery,  and  many  of  the  public  and  naval  stores  over  the  city,  and  quite  recently  was  brought  into  prominent 
notice  as  the  architect  of  tlie  Carnegie  Library  at  Allegheny.  Pa.  It  is  needless  to  particularize  in  regard  to  the  work  of  such  a  nationally 
famous  architect  as  5Ir.  Steinmetz:  his  fame  rests  upon  a  long  and  eminentl.y  successful  career.  He  has  designed  and  supervised  the  erec- 
tion of  the  most  advanced  class  of  pulslic  and  private  buildiTigs  in  this  and  other  cities  of  the  Union,  and  his  architectural  efforts  have  tended 
to  greatly  beautify  the  urban  characteristics  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Steinmetz  attends  faithfully  to  details,  and  he  is  fully  prepared  with 
all  necessary  facilities  to  design  and  superintend  the  erection  of  any  structure,  not  only  promptly,  but  with  that  intelligent  apprehension  of 
the  requirements  of  the  situation  which  has  caused  his  efforts  to  be  so  highly  appreciated.  It  ivould  be  scarcely  fair  to  Jlr.  Steinmetz  to 
omit  in  this  brief  sketch  the  fact  that  he  was  the  first  to  submit  a  design  for  the  memorial  monument  to  General  Grant,  the  execution  of  which 
has  so  far  been  delayed  for  want  of  sulBcient  funds.  Mr.  Steinmetz's  conception  of  this  monument  is  truly  indicative  of  his  masterly  archi- 
tectural skill;  the  proposed  edifice  being  of  the  most  elaborate  and  artistic  description,  and  comprehending  a  representation  of  the  presi- 
dents for  the  first  centennial  period  after  the  Declaration  of  Independence  ranging  from  1785  to  1885,  with  the  eminent  general  as  the  last 
president  of  that  period.  The  monument  emljodies  m\ich  other  matter  illustrative  of  the  Union,  and  the  whole  of  the  design  is  absolutely 
original;  and  if  erected  would  be  among  the  finest  pieces  of  architecture  in  the  coimtry.  Mr.  Steinmetz  received  his  early  training  in  his 
native  land,  and  graduated  from  the  Polytechnic  School  of  Germany  in  18.56.  He  has  been  honored  in  this  country  in  many  ways;  was  Comp- 
troller of  Brooklyn  from  1879  to  1881,  and  is  held  in  the  highest  estimation  in  both  professional,  political  and  social  life. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


237 


'I  I       G.  REED,  Commission  Merchant,  Butter,  Eggs,  Poultry,  Beans,  Fruits,  Etc.,  No.  3'^  Washington  Street.— Among  the  most  popular 

11        and  enterprising:  produce  commission  merchants  of  New  York  is  Mr.  A.  G.  Reed  who  is  located  at  No.  327  Washington  Street. 

I    I        Tliis  business  was  established  by  Messrs.  Quick  &  Reed  in  1871  and  was  successfully  conducted  by  them  until  18S9,  when  Mr.  Quick 

J  retired  from  this  firm  and  5Ir.  Reed  became  sole  proprietor.     He  is  possessed  of  every  qualification,  including  vast  practical  expe- 

riance.  perfected  facilities,  and  influential  connections.     He  is  one  of  the  most  popular  commission  merchants,  having  a  wide  circle 

of  patrons,  making  large  shipments  of  butter  daily.    The  premises  occupied  comprise  five  fioors  '2^^  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  filled  with  a  fine 

assortment  of  butter,  eggs,  poultry,  etc.     Consignments  of  general  farm  products  are    received  daily  and  disposed  of  to  the  very  best 

advantage  and  returns  are  promptly  made.    Mr.  Reed  is  an  esteemed  and  active  member  of  the  Produce,  and  also  of  the  Mercantile  Exchanges 

and  exercises  that  policy  of  integrity  and  enterprise,  fair  dealing,  and  promptitude  in  closing  transactions  that  renders  him  universally 

respected  in  leading  business  circles.     Mr.  Reed  also  handles  a  large  amount  of  poultry,  of  which  he  has  a  trade  of  long  standing.     His  egg 

department  is  well  worth  a  visit,  as  many  egg-candlers  are  constantly  employed  in  the  examination  of  eggs.    The  credit  of  this  house  is  A  1 

in  the  trade,  ample  capital  being  employed,  and  liberal  advances  are  made  on  consignments  when  necessary.    Mr.  Reed,  who  is  a  native  of 

New  Jersey,  and  a  resident  of  Brooklyn  has  always  maintained  au  excellent  status  in  social,  financial  and  trade  circles,  and  is  worthy  of 

the  great  success  he  has  acliieved. 


CHARLES  H.  STOKES, 
Fruits,  No.  122  Warren 
terpi-ise.  the  house  of  Mr. 
dealer  in  tropical  fruits, 
is  conducted  by  an  experi- 
and  with  such  keen  judgment  and 
that  in  the  comparatively  short 
lished,  it  has  succeeded  in  accruing 
trade,  of  such  extent  and  volume, 
foremost  ranks  of  the  business 
elusion.  Tropical  fruits  of  all  kinds 
grapes,  bananas,  pineapples,  mel- 
reach  the  house,  day  after  day 
signments,  from  New  York  and  the 
disposed  of  through  its  trusty  me- 
channels  at  its  command.  Tht^ 
1890,  by  the  present  proprietor.  Mr. 
viously  engaged  with  his  brother 
The  premises  occupied  consist  of 
feet  in  measm*ement.  well  ar- 
of  the  flourishing  trade  carried  on. 
warehouse,  etc.,  and  the  brisk  busi- 
regarded  as  a  substantial  testi- 
reliable  and  expeditious  medium 
of  every  description.  Blr.  Stokes 
dent  of  New  Jersey. 

CS.  SCHREIBER,  General 
Street.  —The  remarkable 
mission  business  during 
*  placed  it  in  a  position  and 
sumed  by  few  other  in- 
One  of  the  houses  that  has  exerted 
eign  export  trade  of  New  York 
great  proportions  is  that  of  Mr. 
sirably  located  at  No.  73  Pearl 
reliable  house  was  founded  origin- 
Ropes  &  Co..  and  has  occupied  its 
188S4  the  business  of  the  concern 
ent  proprietor  who  entered  the  em- 


Bowery  Savings  Bank. 


Wholesale  Dealer  in  Tropical 
Street.— Although  an  incipient  en- 
Charles  H.  Stokes,  wholesale 
located  at  No.  132  Warren  Street, 
enced  hand  of  the  highest  abihty: 
discretion  has  this  been  directed, 
time  the  house  has  been  estab- 
to  itself  a  large  and  flourishing 
that  its  ultimate  position  in  the 
seems  little  short  of  a  foregone  con- 
are  handled,  including  apples, 
ons,  oranges,  tomatoes,  etc.,  which 
throughout  the  year,  in  heavy  con- 
southern  states;  to  be  eventually 
dium  to  the  many  safe  and  speedy 
business  was  established  in  May 
Charles  H.  Stokes,  who  was  pre- 
in  the  fish  and  poultry  business, 
a  sppcious  basement  floor,  20  x  100 
ranged  to  expedite  the  transaction 
as  office,  salesroom,  cold  storage, 
ness  here  conducted  cannot  but  be 
mony  to  the  firm's  efficiency  as  a 
for  the  handling  of  tropical  fruits 
is  a  native  of  this  city  and  a  resi- 


Export  Broker,  No.  73  Pearl 
growth  of  the  export  and  com- 
the  last  quarter  of  a  century  has 
given  it  a  prominence  that  is  as- 
dustries  in  the  great  metropolis, 
a  considerable  influence  in  the  for- 
and  has  established  a  business  of 
C.  S.  Schreiber.  whose  office  is  de- 
Street.  This  widely  known  and 
ally  in  1850  by  Messrs.  R.  W. 
present  address  since  1852.  and  in 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  pres- 
ploy    of   the    original    firm    as  a 


clerk  in  1877.  Mr.  Schreiber  is  a  native  of  Denmark  and  is  a  thoroughly  experienced  man  in  every  department  of  his  business,  to  which 
he  devotes  his  closest  attention  and  care  and  at  all  times  shows  a  commendable  perception  for  the  wants  of  his  patrons.  His  office  is 
amply  spacious  and  commodious,  neatly  fitted  and  provided  with  every  convenience  for  the  transaction  of  business  and  the  comfort 
of  customers.  Mr.  Schreiber  conducts  a  very  extensive  export  trade  on  orders  and  ships  to  all  parts  of  South  America  and  Northern  Europe, 
handling  all  classes  of  merchandise,  making  a  specialty  of  illuminating,  machine  and  lubricating  oils,  lard,  provisions,  etc.,  and  in  consequence 
of  his  familiarity  with  the  wants  of  the  trade  and  superior  connections,  he  is  prepared  to  fill  all  orders  with  alacrity  and  under  the  most  fav- 
orable auspices.  All  commissions  are  promptly  filled  and  it  has  always  been  thf  constant  aim  of  the  proprietor  to  merit  by  the  strictest 
principles  of  mercantile  probity  a  continuance  of  the  support  the  house  has  always  enjoyed.  Mr.  Schreiber  is  a  pleasant  courteous  gentle- 
man of  superior  business  ability,  a  member  of  the  Maritime  Exchange  and  is  highly  esteemed  in  social  and  commercial  circles.  His  New 
York  address  is  P.  O.  Box  No.  I8.5f>  and  cable  address  "  Knotweed.*' 

FHUHN.  Manufacturer  of  Drugtrists'  Supplies.  No.  227  Pearl  Street.— In  the  many  manufacturing  enterprises  now  engaged  in  this  city 
in  the  making  of  druggists'  supplies,  that  of  Mr.  F.  Huhn.  located  at  No.  227  Pearl  Street,  is  among  the  most  prominent.  The  chief 
lines  of  manufacture  pursued  by  the  house  are  litho.  labels,  pill  and  powder  boxes,  glass  ointment  jars,  and  other  glass  specialties, 
•  as  well  as  those  of  printer  and  lithographer,  in  connection  with  the  work  comprehended  in  the  title  of  druggists'  supplies.  The  busi- 
ness was  established  by  the  present  proprietor  in  1885,  and  the  trade  now  controlled  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  prem- 
ises comprise  a  floor,  having  a  superficial  area  of  25  x  100  feet,  used  as  office  and  manufactory,  the  latter  being  equipped  with  a  most  ap- 
proved plant,  machinery  and  appliances  pertaining  to  the  trade,  four  duly  qualified  assistants  being  steadily  engaged  in  the  manufacturing 
department.  A  large  stock  of  the  articles  enumerated  above,  as  well  as  many  others,  too  numerous  to  mention,  is  always  carried.  The 
worthy  proprietor,  to  whom  alone  is  due  the  credit  of  so  ably  and  successfully  conducting  evei-y  detail  of  the  undertaking,  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
many and  has  resided  in  this  city  for  a  number  of  years. 


238  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

-w-  -w-  ^x  FRANKEL  &  SON,  Commission  Jlerchants  and  Distillers'  Agents,  No.  ,34  Beaver  .Street.— A  flourishing  enterprise  depending 
/%/l  solely  tor  its  success  upon  the  individual  efYorts  of  its  principals  and  the  superior  quality  of  the  goods  handled,  and  employing  no 
/  1  agents  or  traveling  salesmen  whatever,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Max  Frankel  i  Son,  eoumiission  merchants  and  distillers'  agents  and 
-*-  -^  importers,  located  at  No.  34  Beaver  Street.  This  undertaking  was  initiated  in  ISTS,  by  the  present  senior  partner.  Jlr.  Max 
Frankei.  who  ten  years  later,  admitted  his  son,  Mr.  Albert  H.  Frankel,  into  partnership;  at  the  same  time  the  firui  name  was 
changed  to  its  present  style.  In  both  the  separate  branches  of  the  business,  a  large  and  fast  increasing  trade  is  conducted ;  and  as  commis- 
sion merchants,  the  firm  have,  through  their  excellent  business  methods,  gained  the  well  merited  confidence  and  esteem  alike  of  producers, 
manufacturers  and  consumers;  from  all  of  whom  a  liberal  measure  of  support  is  regularly  accorded  the  house.  As  distillers'  agents,  the 
firm  are  even  more  prosperous  and  successful;  they  being  the  duly  accredited  representatives  for  the  following  well-known  distillers:— 
Messrs.  J.  G.  Mattingly  &  Co.,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  for  standard  Bourbon  and  Pure  Rye;  the  Crystal  Spring  Distillery  Company  of  Kentucky, 
manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  Crystal  Spring  Rye,  Bourbon  and  Garland  brands;  and  the  West  End  Distillery  Company  of  Kentucky,  tor 
the  renowned  "  Honeymoon  "  brand  of  whiskey.  The  oiiflce  at  the  location  alju\e  named  is  on  the  third  floor,  and  is  replete  with  every  con- 
venience for  the  due  prosecution  of  the  large  trade  carried  on;  which  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  among  the  most  representa- 
tive wholesale  consumers.  A  duly  qualified  executive  staff  is  retained  for  tiie  clerical  and  otlier  duties  which  devolve  upon  the  undertaking; 
the  two  worthy  principals  both  giving  their  close  personal  care  and  attention  to  every  detail  of  the  business.  Mr.  Max  Frankel  is  of  Ger- 
man, and  Ins  son  of  American  birth;  and  the  former  has  resided  in  this  country  for  the  past  thirty  years 

DOMESTIC  W.ATER  STILL  COMP.^NY,  Charles  A.  Cheever,  President,  No.  13  Park  Row,  Room  37 —The  matter  of  purifying  water  by 
a  process  of  distillation  has  received  much  wide-spread  attention  among  sanitary  engineers  and  scientists  of  late  years,  and  as  a  result 
notable  progress  has  been  made  in  this  direction,  m  whicii  connection  special  mention  should  here  be  made  of  the  Domestic  Water 
Still,  manufactured  by  the  Domestic  'Water  Still  Company,  Charles  A.  Cheever,  president,  and  which  is  an  appliance  of  distinct 
merit,  endorsed  by  physicians  and  chemists  everywhere.  It  is  entirely  automatic  and  self  regulating,  is  compact  and  economical  in 
use  and  is  in  all  respects  the  most  perfect,  effective  and  altogether  superior  device  of  the  kind  ever  invented.  In  short,  it  supplies  truly  a  long 
felt  want,  being  an  indispensable  adjunct  alike  to  the  drug  store,  laboratory,  hospital  and  household  and  has  secured  unequivocal  recogni- 
tion, not  only  throughout  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  but  also  in  Central  and  South  America  and  other  countries.  By  it  water  is  distilled 
at  a  cost  of  one  or  two  cents  a  gallon  and  every  still  sold  is  warranted  to  render  absolute  satisfaction.  The  water  is  supplied  to  the  still  by 
means  of  a  rubber  tube  connected  with  an  ordinary  water  faucet,  and  rises  in  an  outside  jacket  of  the  condenser,  passing  through  an  open- 
ing into  a  stand  pipe  in  which  it  rises  to  the  top  of  an  interior  overflow  pipe,  down  which  a  snnill  overflow  continually  discharges  through  a 
rubber  tube  leading  into  the  sink  or  basin.  The  water  passes  from  the  jacket  by  means  of  a  passage  into  a  retort.  By  means  of  the  over- 
flow pipe  a  uniform  water  level  is  maintained  in  retort,  condenser  and  stand  pipe.  The  Domestic  Water  Still  Company  of  which  Charles  A. 
Cheever  is  president,  E.  F.  Andrews  vice-president,  and  E.  C.  Davidson  secretary  and  treasurer,  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state 
of  New  Jersey  in  1887.  The  quarters  occupied  as  office,  etc.,  are  commodious  and  well  appointed  and  the  manufacturing  is  done  by  contract. 
Mr.  L.  E.  Evans  the  efficient  general  manager,  giving  close  personal  attention  to  every  detail  of  the  business.  Descriptive  catalogue  and 
price  list  is  cheerfully  furnished  ujjon  application  and  personal  investigation  of  the  working  of  the  still  is  invited. 

r-f  KONV.^LINKA,  Imp(3rter,  Wholesale  Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in  Furs,  No.  .30  Maiden  Lane.— The  oldest  house  of  its  kind  in  the 
_,^  I  city  of  New  York  is  that  of  Mr.  J.  Konvalinka.  importer,  manufacturer  and  wholesale  dealer  in  fur  goods,  seal  sacques,  jackets  and 
©  I  capes,  whose  well-known  place  of  business  is  at  No.  3n  Maiden  Lane.  This  eminent  firm,  which  is  looked  to  by  retilil  traders  in 
II  •  all  parts  of  the  Union,  has  conducted  its  prosperous  and  far-reaching  business  from  its  present  center  for  the  past  forty-one  years, 
and  it  is  known  among  fur  traders  in  all  parts  of  the  world  as  favorably  as  it  is  among  retailers  of  such  goods  in  the  United  States, 
since  it  imports  direct  from  the  various  places  on  the  continents  where  its  supplies  are  to  be  obtained  at  first  hand.  The  spacious  sales- 
room at  No.  36  Maiden  Lane,  where  an  immense  stock  of  sacques,  jackets  and  capes  is  kept  in  every  variety  and  in  the  most  modern  and 
fashionable  styles,  and  where  five  expert  assistants  are  busily  engaged,  has  its  fit  complement  in  the  floor  above,  where  thirty  skilled  work 
people  are  employed  in  making  up  the  handsome  garments.  Both  floors  are  50  x  100  feet  in  measurement,  and  perhaps  no  establishment  in 
this  line  of  business  does  so  comprehensive  a  trade,  its  furs  ranging  in  prices  from  $1.00  to  Sl,(KXl  each.  The  transactions  of  the  house  are 
exclusively  for  cash,  and  the  high  prestige  it  enjoys  enables  it  to  command  an  immense  ti-ade  in  rivalry  with  firms  who  offer  credit.  A 
specialty  of  the  house  is  the  storing  of  goods  during  the  summer  and  the  ripened  experience  which  its  long  career  has  given  it  as  to 
the  best  methods  of  preserving  costly  furs  from  the  ravages  of  moths,  etc.,  enables  it  to  do  this  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner.  Mr.  Konva- 
linka, the  popular  and  respected  proprietor  is  of  Austrian  birth,  but  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for  forty-tour  years, 

VS.  CHAMBERLIN,  Investment  Broker,  No.  115  Broadway.— Mr.  W.  S.  Chamberlin,  who  has  been  engaged  in  business  as  a  gen- 
eral investment  broker  in  this  city  since  18fl7,  has  built  up  a  connection  and  patronage  that  extends  to  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  He  enjoys  the  highest  of  reputations  for  affording  accurate  information  and  for  possessing  that  intelligence 
•  and  thorough  integrity  which  conduce  to  success.  Mr.  Chamberlin  is  also  prominent  in  trade  circles  as  the  agent  for  the 
National  Giis  Investment  Company.  This  company  was  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  West  Virginia,  and  is  the 
owner  of  the  Sutherland  patents  for  making  oil  and  air  gas;  the  Allen-Harris  p.itents,  which  cover  the  only  processes  for  making  water  gas 
by  a  continuous  system;  and  four  applications  by  Sutherland  for  p,atents  which  will  shortly  be  issued,  viz. :  first,  one  application  for  a  com- 
bination bench  of  the  .Allen-Harris  and  Sutherland  systems,  by  which  water  gas  is  made  on  tlie  continuous  plan,  and  enriched  by  the  cheap- 
est crude  oil,  instead  of  naptha,  as  formerly  used:  second,  one  for  a  special  retort  for  making  gas  on  a  large  scale;  third,  one  for  a  patent  oil 
burner  for  gas  and  other  furnaces ;  fourth,  an  application  for  a  portable  gas  machine  or  generator,  for  use  in  private  houses,  hotels,  country 
stores— too  distant  to  be  supplied  by  regular  works,  and  those  in  towns  or  cities  who  may  desire  cheaper  gas.  This  portable  machine  has 
been  fully  tested  and  operated,  and  is  found  to  be  also  most  valuable  for  supplying  gas  engines  with  cheap,  efTective  gas.  at  about  one  fifth 
the  former  cost,  and  for  supplying  fuel  as  well  as  illuminating  gas,  it  is  not  approached  by  any  machine,  nor  has  it  indeed,  any  competitor, 
Theseinventionshave  the  following  points  of  superiority  toothers,  viz.:  the  continuous  process  of  water  gas  making  gives  a  purer  and 
stronger  gas  than  the  cupola,  or  alternating  system,  and  from  less  coal,  thus  giving  a  superior  gas  for  less  cost.  This  is  the  only  successful 
water  gas  system  not  controlled  by  the  United  States  Gas  Improvement  Company.  The  American  Malt  :\Iannfacturing  Company  is  the 
owner  of  all  the  patents  of  John  W.  Free  for  the  United  States,  tor  the  manufacture  of  malt.  It  has  been  demonstrated  beyond  doubt  to  be 
the  best  and  only  perfect  automatic  machine  in  the  market  for  continuous  malting.  When  it  is  considered  there  are  from  sixty  million  to 
eighty  million  bushels  of  malt  used  in  the  United  States  in  a  year,  and  that  it  costs  to  make  the  same  from  thirteen  to  twenty  cents  per 
bushel  by  the  old  methods,  and  that  the  actual  cost  of  making  it  by  the  Free  process  is  only  three  or  four  cents  per  bushel,  it  can  readily  be 
seen  that  it  will  not  take  loug  to  put  this  company  upon  a  sound  financial  footing.  Mr.  Chamberlin  is  a  native  of  Michigan,  known  and  hon- 
ored in  commercial  and  financial  circles. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  239 

GS.  PALMER,  Produce  Commission  Jlercliant,  No.  IIJO  Reade  Street.— A  review  of  the  representative  merchants  contributing  to  the 
sum  of  conmiercial  activity  in  the  wholesale  fruit  and  produce  district  of  the  metropolis  would  hardly  he  complete  without  more 
than  passing  mention  of  G.  S.  Palmer,  of  No.  166  Reade  Street.  He  has  been  engaged  in  the  line  indicated  some  twenty  odd  years, 
•  having  established  himself  iu  this  line  in  1801),  and  his  business  career  (j^ring  the  entii-e  period  has  been  a  record  of  steady  progress 
and  honorable  and  liberal  methods.  Mr.  Palmer,  who  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  being  about  forty -three,  was  born  iu 
Ulster  County,  New  York  but  has  residec  in  this  city  since  1867,  He  is  a  man  of  the  highest  personal  integrity  as  well  as  of  energy  and  sa- 
gacity, thoroughly  conversant  with  every  feature  and  phase  of  the  trade,  and  is  a  prominent  and  esteemed  member  of  the  Mercantile  E-t- 
change.  Board  of  Trade,  etc.  Mr.  Palmer,  who  comes  of  sturdy  Quaker  stock,  is  a  man  of  stamp  and  character,  and  received  his  early 
education  at  a  college  at  Union  Springs,  New  York,  conducted  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  later  attending  a  business  college  for  some  time, 
completing  his  commercial  education.  He  handles  largely  all  lines  of  foreign  and  domestic  fruits,  green  and  dried  fruits,  vegetables  and 
southern  truck;  also  poultry,  game,  eggs,  calves,  etc.,  making  a  leading  specialty  of  southern  and  tropical  fruits  and  vegetables,  and  his 
southern  trade,  which  is  of  a  very  substantial  character,  affords  evidence  of  constant  and  material  increase.  Consignments  are  received 
from  all  the  fruit  and  vegetable  producing  sections  of  the  country,  including  cranberries  from  Cape  Cod.  peaches  from  Florida,  Georgia,  and 
Delaware,  sweet  and  other  potatoes  from  Virginia,  watermelons  from  Georgia  anil  South  Carolina,  gi'apes  from  various  points,  oranges, 
lemons,  pineapples,  semi-tropical  fruits  from  Florida  and  Southern  products  generally,  while  large  quantities  of  apples,  i)otatoes,  onions, 
etc.,  are  handled  also  from  western  and  middle  states.  The  house  is  also  largely  engaged  in  the  foreign  trade  from  Bermuda.  West  Indies, 
etc.,  the  coimections  of  the  house  with  producers  here  being  of  the  most  influential  character,  and  large  consignments  of  potatoes,  onions, 
tomatoes,  pineapples,  etc.  are  duly  received.  Its  management  is  chacterized  by  liberal  and  honorable  methods,  prompt  returns  at  most  fav- 
orable market  quotations  being  assured  in  every  instance,  and  all  interests  entrusted  to  Mr.  Palmer  are  certain  of  being  judiciously  placed. 
The  premises  occupied  are  commodious,  ample  and  well  arranged,  and  a  dozen  or  more  competent  salesmen  and  clerks  are  employed,  the 
proprietor  himself  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  the  entire  concern,  while  a  carefully  assorted,  first-class  stock  is  constantly  kept 
on  hand,  all  orders  being  attended  to  in  the  most  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner.  The  consignments  to  this  house  are  largely  in  car  lots 
from  the  south  and  the  West  and  every  incoming  steamer  from  the  South  brings  heavy  invoices  of  fruits  and  produce.  Mr.  Palmer  is  an 
authority  in  all  matters  relating  to  this  line  of  trade  keeping  himself  at  all  times  thoroughly  posted  on  all  the  phases  of  the  market,  and  his 
office  is  a  bureau  of  information  for  the  trade  and  to  the  fruit  and  trade  journals.  He  has  always  been  one  of  the  foremost  in  all  reform 
movements  in  the  trade,  being  on  many  of  the  important  committees  in  connection  with  the  Mercantile  Exchange,  Board  of  Trade,  etc.  He 
refers  to  all  the  Commercial  Agencies  of  the  United  States. 

'"^OHN  KRAUSS.  Importer  and  Manufacturer  of  Baskets  and  Willow  Ware,  No.  597  Broadway. —As  is  scarcely  necessary  to  observe, 
->^  I      the  wholesale  willow  ware  interest  of  this  city  constitutes  an  important  factor  iu  the  sum  of  commercial  activity.    During  the  past 
^  I      decade  or  two  the  trade  has  notably  increased,  and  a  number  of  prominent  concerns  have  come  into  existence.    Among  those  re- 
l    I      ferred  to  may  be  mentioned  that  of  John  Krauss,  importer  and  manufacturer  of  baskets  and  willow  ware.  No.  .597  Broadway.    He 
has  been  established  iu  business  since  1877,  and  was  originally  located  on  Chambers  Street,  subsequently  moving  to  Walker  Street, 
and  has  occupied  the  present  quarters  about  six  years.    His  factory  is  situated  at  Lichtenfels,  Germany,  whence  come  all  his  goods;  and  his 
trade,  which  extends  throughout  the  United  States,  is  large  and  active.    The  premises  occupied  by  him  as  office  and  salesroom  comprise 
a  25  X  300  feet  floor  and  two  basements,  and  are  neatly  fitted  up  and  well  ordered,  while  a  staff  of  fifteen  are  employed  in  addition  to  four  trav- 
eling salesmen.    A  large  and  splendid  assortment  is  constantly  kept  in  stock,  including  fancy  baskets  in  artistic  designs  and  exquisite  work- 
manship and  in  a  great  variety  of  sizes  and  shapes;  also  a  full  and  fine  line  of  everything  comprehended  in  willow  ware;  and  all  orders  ai"e 
promptly  filled,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  distinctly  low,  character  of  goods  considered,  substantial  inducements  being  olf  ered  to  the  trade, 
Mr.  Krauss,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  was  born  in  Germany,  and  has  been  in  this  city  about  eighteen  years.    He  is  a  man  of  energy 
and  enterprise,  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  trade,  and  is  in  short,  well  endowed  with  the  qualities  that  bespeak  success  in  commercial 
lite. 
TT  TT  ILLER,  SCHENCK  &  ALLEN,  Pharmaceutical  Chemists,  Euing's  Flavoring  Extracts,  Etc.,  No.  319  Washington  Street,  and  No.  34 
/j^l       Jay  Street.— Although  a  comparatively  short  time  established,  Messrs.  Miller,  Schenck  &  Allen,  Pharmaceutical  chemists.  No.  319 
/       1      Washington  Street  and  No.  34  Jay  Street,  have  already  built  up  a  business  connection  second  to  few  in  their  hue  in  New  York. 
"^  The  secrets  of  the  positive  and  permanent  succe.ss  achieved  by  this  now  widely  known  firm  is  not  far  to  seek  however,  the  mem- 

bers thereof  being  competent  chemists  and  having  had  a  practical  experience  of  nineteen  years.  They  are  manufacturers  of 
Euing's  fruit  flavoring  extracts,  absolutely  pure,  prepared  from  the  best  materials  that  money  can  buy,  and  which  command  an  extensive 
sale.  These  are  preparations  of  a  notably  superior  character,  and  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard  of  excellence,  being  noted 
for  their  purity,  delicious  flavor  and  choice  quality:  and  of  their  superiority  certainly  no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the 
enduring  h.  )ld  the  same  have  secured  on  popular  favor  everywhere.  They  are,  in  short,  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  fine  fruit  extracts,  and  are  in 
wide  and  rapidly  growing  demand  in  the  trade.  Besides  the  goods  indicated,  this  firm  are  also  manufacturers  of  Euing's  essence  Jamaica 
ginger;  also  the  imperishable  perfume  Florida  water  and  "Giant"  ammonia,  the  most  effective  and  the  cheapest  cleansing  compound 
known;  while  they  handle  bay  rums  and  kindred  products,  likewise.  The  quarters  occupied  as  laboratory  and  salesrooms  are  commodious, 
ample  and  well  equipped,  the  facilities  being  complete  and  perfect,  and  ten  or  more  of  a  staiT  are  employed  on  the  premises,  in  addition  to 
four  representatives  on  the  road.  A  large  and  first  class  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  here,  to  meet  the  requu-ements  of  an  active  and 
materially  increasing  demand,  the  trade  of  the  house  extending  throughout  the  United  States;  and  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  prompt 
and  trustworthy  manner.  Every  article  sold  by  this  firm  is  fully  warranted,  quality  and  quantity  being  guaranteed,  while  the  terms  are  of 
the  most  liberal  character;  and  all  correspondence  relative  to  prices,  goods,  etc.,  will  receive  immediate  response.  Messrs.  James  Miller, 
C.  D.  Schenck  and  F.  P.  .\llen,  who  compose  the  firm,  are  gentlemen  in  the  prime  of  life,  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  trade. 

ETAUN.^Y.  Proprietor,  New  Y'ork  City  Peanut  Roaster  Works.  No.  226  Hudson  Street.— The  manufacture  of  the  pe.inut  and  chests 
nut  roasters  we  see  so  frequently  in  this  city,  forms  a  separate  and  distinct  branch  of  industry  of  no  little  importance,  and  as  evi- 
dence of  this  it  is  only  necessary  to  make  a  cursory  review  of  one  of  the  most  prominent  undertakings  of  this  kind,  which  is  that 
•  known  as  the  New  York  City  Peanut  Roaster  Works,  which  carries  on  its  operations  at  No.  226  Hudson  Street.  This  enter- 
prise was  established  by  the  present  proprietor,  Jlr.  E.  Taunay.  in  1876  in  Spring  Street.  All  kinds  of  plain  and  fancy  peanut  roasters 
and  combined  peanut  and  chestnut  roasters  are  manufactured,  and  the  excellent  and  artistic  designs  incorporated  into  these  useful  and 
convenient  articles  led  to  a  strong  demand  for  them  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  which  has  steadily  increased  with  each  succeeding 
year,  mitil  the  firm  now  has  a  permanent  trade,  giving  constant  employment  to  three  competent  helpers,  who  are  kept  busily  engaged  from 
week  to  week,  to  fill  the  steady  influx  of  orders  that  reach  the  firm  from  all  parts,  both  by  mail  and  through  the  medium  of  the  traveling 
salesman  who  represents  the  flrm  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  The  premises  on  Hudson  Street,  which  have  been  occupied  since  1889, 
consist  of  a  floor.  20  x  40  feet,  used  as  workshops,  etc.,  and  are  furnished  with  a  complete  equipment  of  tools  and  appliances  pertaining  to 
this  somewhat  unique  manufacture.  The  able  and  experienced  proprietor  Mr.  Taunay,  is  a  thoroughly  practical  mechanic  and  possesses, 
moreover,  considerable  intuitive  artistic  ability,  which  he  employs  to  much  advantage  in  designing  the  different  styles  of  roasters  which  are 
made  under  his  close  personal  supervision.    He  is  a  native  of  this  city  and  now  about  thirty-four  years  of  age. 


240  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

HS.  TAYLOR  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Hand  Organs.  No,  229  Park  Row.— For  over  forty-one  years  H.  S.  Taylor  &  Co.,  manufact- 
urers of  hand  organs.  No.  229  Park  Row.  have  been  engaged  in  the  Hue  indicated,  and  for  the  greater  portion  of  the  time  have  car- 
ried on  business  in  the  present  block  with  uninterrupted  prosperity.  They  are.  in  fact,  the  only  firm  in  the  particular  branch  of 
*  industry  mentioned  in  the  United  States,  and  their  l[!iroductious  coumiand  an  extensive  sale  throughout  the  entire  country.  They 
turn  out  a  very  superior  class  of  instruments,  the  Taylor  &  Merello  cylinder  piano,  Brasz  trumpet  organs,  etc.,  suitable  for  shows, 
saloons,  carousals,  etc.,  being  productions  of  exceptional  excellence;  and  their  trade,  already  very  large,  affords  evidence  of  steady  increase. 
The  quarters  occupied  as  factory  and  salesroom  comprise  two  commodious  floors,  with  ample  and  complete  facilities,  and  some  half-a-dozen 
skilled  workmen  are  employed.  A  large  and  splendid  assortment  is  constantly  kept  in  stock,  including  new  and  second  hand  high  gr.aUe 
hand  organs  in  all  sizes  and  styles,  of  neat  designs,  elegant  finish  and  fine  tone,  and  every  article  offered  for  sale  here,  is  fully  warranted  to 
be  absolutely  as  represented,  while  the  very  lowest  possible  prices  prevail.  Old  organs  are  bought,  likewise,  and  repairing  is  executed  at 
short  notice,  all  orders  receiving  prompt  attention ;  and  cylinders  are  furnished  at  lowest  rates  for  all  self-playing  organs  and  pianos.  This 
business  was  established  in  18.50  by  the  present  senior  member  of  the  firm,  who  conducted  the  same  alone  up  to  1880,  when  he  took  into  part- 
nership C.  Merello.  Mr.  Taylor,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  about  sixty,  and  whose  family  has  been  in  the  same  business  for  over  one  hundre<i  years 
has  resided  in  America  forty-four  years;  and  Mr.  Merello,  his  partner,  who  is  a  man  of  middle  age,  is  a  native  of  France,  but  has  lived  in 
this  country  since  childhood.  Both  are  men  of  practical  skill  and  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  untiring  industry,  and  are  masters  of  their 
art  in  all  its  details. 

DAVEY,  BURT,  &  CO.,  Produce  Commission  Merchants,  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Etc.,  No.  TO  Warren  Street.— Standing  prominently 
forward  among  the  representative  commission  houses  of  the  metropolis,  that  conducted  by  Messrs.  Davey,  Biu't  &  Co.,  located  at 
No.  70  Warren  Street,  has  claims  upon  the  attention  of  the  reviewer  of  the  business  interests  of  this  city  that  are  possessed  by  but 
few  houses.  The  business  was  established  by  the  present  firm  at  this  location  in  1888  and  its  history  from  its  inception  has  been  one 
of  almost  unparalleled  success.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  Davey  &  Burts,  were  all  formerly  in  the  employ  of  Messrs.  R.  T. 
Pierce  &  Co.,  who  retired  from  tlie  business  when  this  firm  was  formed.  The  members  of  the  present  firm  are  all  thoroughly  wide-awake 
business  men,  fully  posted  on  current  rates  and  our  country  friends  can  rest  easy  on  making  consigmnents  to  this  house  that  they  will 
receive  not  only  the  highest  market  rates  for  their  products  but  fair  and  honorable  treatment  and  prompt  returns.  The  trade  of  the  house 
is  largely  local,  though  they  sell  to  exporters.  Their  goods  are  received  from  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Dakota,  Ohio,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Michigan, 
Minnesota,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  and  the  New  England  States,  and  the  connections  of  the  house  are  so  numerous  that 
goods  do  not  remain  long  on  their  hands,  but  are  rapidly  disposed  of.  Thus  all  demands  are  promply  honored,  and  the  business  is  steadily 
increasing  in  magnitude  and  importance.  To  those  wishing  to  establish  business  relations  with  a  thoroughly  reliable  commission  house  we 
would  earnestly  recommend  that  of  Messrs.  Davey,  Burt  &  Co.  Mr.  F.  W.  Davey  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  about  thirty  years  of  age,  and 
has  been  a  resident  of  Jersey  City  for  twenty  years.  Messrs.  C.  W.  and  C.  F.  Burt,  (fathej-  and  son)  are  natives  of  New  York,  the  latter  a 
member  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange.  With  years  of  experience  and  abundance  of  energy  and  push  which  the  members  of  the  firm  possess, 
we  predict  for  this  house  a  remarkably  prosperous  career. 

DAVIS  BROS..  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruits,  Bananas  and  Pineapples,  No.  329  Washington  Street.— A  reliable  house  for  procuring  all 
kinds  of  foreign  and  domestic  fruits,  in  New  York,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Davis  Brothers,  located  at  No.  329  Washington  Street,  a  fact 
which  all  kinds  of  wholesale  consumers  have  been  keen  to  observe,  judging  by  the  flourishing  trade  which  they  now  command.  The 
business  was  initiated  by  the  present  proprietors,  Messrs.  M.  and  W.  G.  Davis,  three  years  ago,  at  No.  349  Greenwich  Street,  whence  it 
was  removed  one  yearago  to  its  present  location  tosQcure  better  accommodation.  Foreign  and  domestic  fruits  of  allkindsare  exten- 
sively handled,  including  oranges,  lemons,  grapes,  pears,  apples,  bananas,  pineapples,  etc.,  and  these  two  latter  constitute  the  leading  spe- 
cialty of  the  business,  being  in  common  with  the  other  lines,  of  the  finest  grade  of  excellence,  and  guaranteed  absolutely  fresh  and  in 
prime  condition  by  their  speedy  turnover  and  the  heavy  lines  in  which  they  are  received.  The  premises  occupied  consist  of  a  spacious  floor, 
in  the  basement.  25  x  100  feet  in  area,  used  as  salesroom  and  store,  every  convenience  incidental  to  the  business  being  at  hand,  and  two  com- 
petent assistants  are  regularly  employed.  Both  of  the  energetic  and  enterprising  proprietors  are  natives  of  Germany,  still  young  men,  and 
have  resided  in  this  country  for  the  past  twenty-five  years. 

NEWARK  LEATHER  BELTING  COMPANY,  Genuine  Fulled  Raw  Hide  and  Patent  Tanned  Lace  Leather,  Factory  and  Salesroom 
Nos.  32  and  34  Ferry  Street.— There  is  nothing  connected  with  modern  manufacturing  that  plays  a  more  important  part 
than  belting.  By  means  of  this  power  is  transmittecj  from  the  engine  to  the  machinery  with  the  least  po.ssible  loss  by  friction. 
At  various  times  inventive  minds  have  turned  their  attention  to  the  production  of  belting  from  substances  otJier  than  leather,  such 
as  cotton,  rubber  and  linen,  but  in  every  case  with  little  or  no  practical  benefit.  W^here  the  first  cost  has  been  lessened,  the  use  of 
any  other  than  leather  belting  has  always  proved  to  be  more  expensive  in  the  long  run. 

The  leading  house  represented  in  New  York  in  this  line  is  the  Newark  Leather  Belting  Company,  manufacturers  of  extra  made,  pure  oak- 
tanned,  short  lapped  leather  belting,  genuine  fulled  raw  hide  and  patent  tanned  lace  leather,  whose  factory  and  salesroom  are  located  at  Nos. 
32  and  34  Ferry  Street.  This  company  are  noted  for  making  the  largest  leather  belts  in  the  world,  and  make  a  leading  specialty  of  electric 
light  belts.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1886  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey,  with  Joseph  Meier,  president,  treasurer  and 
general  manager;  Conrad  E.  Katsch,  secretary.  In  every  respect  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  concern  in  this  or  any  other  country  either 
better  equipped  or  with  more  comprehensive  facilities  for  the  transaction  of  a  large  trade  and  the  production  of  a  superior  class  of  goods. 
The  output  of  this  company  is  considered  as  the  standard  in  the  markets  of  the  country,  being  unequaled  for  strength,  durability  and  uniform 
excellence.  By  the  term  "  extra  made,  short  lapped  "  is  meant  that  the  shoulder  lap  is  not  only  shorter,  but  that  the  pieces  of  leather  are 
only  four  feet  six  inches  to  four  feet  nine  inches  long.  By  cutting  the  leather  short,  this  company  cut  away  the  shoulder  and  all  soft  and 
stretchy  parts  of  the  hide,  that  others  use  in  then-  long  laps,  thus  it  is  that  they  discard  the  thin  shoulder  parts,  and  consequently  have  no 
use  for  a  long  lap  in  their  mode  of  manufacture;  hence  the  fact,  which  is  generally  admitted  that  their  "extra  made  short  lapped,"  made  in 
this  manner,  nuist  be  superior  to  the  cheap  grade  long  lapped.  A  good  reason  for  this  company's  great  success  is  that  they  do  just  as  they 
agree,  make  the  best  belt  that  can  be  made  with  a  fair  profit  to  themselves  and  save  money  for  their  customers,  by  giving  them  an  honest 
belt  that  will  stretch  very  little,  run  straight,  and  wear  from  50  to  100  per  cent,  longer  than  the  cheap  qualities  that  are  made  for  price  only, 
regardless  of  quality  of  leather,  mode  of  construction,  cement  used  or  any  other  practical  points  so  essential  in  making  a  good  belt. 
Orders  by  telephone  "  Nassau  307,"  by  telegraph  or  mail,  receive  immediate  and  careful  attention,  and  the  trade  is  immense  and 
influential  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  president  and  general  manager,  Mr.  Meier,  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
and  is  eminently  fitted  by  experience  and  ability  for  the  responsibilities  of  his  position  and  is  ably  assisted  by  the  secretary,  Mr.  Katsch. 
The  president,  Mr.  Meier,  is  the  inventor  of  a  new  and  improved  friction  wheel,  the  patent  for  which  was  issued  December  23,  1890, 
and  is  now  the  property  of  this  company.  This  friction  wheel  or  pulley  combines  a  body  having  a  straight  peripheral  face.  A  series 
of  pHes  and  layers  of  leather  built  upon  said  flat  face  and  forming  an  oppositely  beveled  body,  the  first  layer  being  riveted  to  the 
flat  face  and  the  succeeding  layers  being  cemented  to  one  another ;  the  whole  of  said  parts  being  united  by  bolts  which  pass  through  the 
layers  or  plies  and  into  the  body  from  points  centrally  between  the  two  beveled  faces  of  leather.  The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  avoid,  in 
transmitting  power,  the  use  of  leather  belts  and  the  disadvantages  and  objections  incident  thereto,  and  the  same  is  now  in  successful  use. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  241 

•J->    AMM  i  CO.,  wholesale  Furniture  ami  Manufacturers'  Agents,  No.  205  Caual  Street. -The  well-known  and  prominent  firm  of  Lamm 
I   (»    &  Co.,  though  only  organized  under  that  trading  title  in  1890,  has  long  influenced  a  very  extensive  trade  in  various  parts  of  the  coun- 
I   \     fy  as  the  "Eastern  Furniture  Association,"  though  then,  as  now,  under  the  able  control  of  Jlr.  J.  F.  Laumi,  a  gentleman  of  wide  and 
ripe  experience  in  the  furniture  line.    The  firm  has  the  accredited  agency  for  several  very  eminent  manufacturing  concerns,  and  is 
thus  able  to  supply  everything  which  can  in  any  way  come  fairly  under  the  heading  of  house  furnishing  goods,  at  prices  that  chal- 
lenge comparison  with  tliose  generally  prevailing.    Fully  corroborative  of  this  is  the  very  complete  and  comprehensive  stock  which  is  car- 
ried upon  its  premises,  at  No.  303  Canal  Street,  the  four  upper  floors,  each  »  k  100  feet  in  dimensions,  being  replete  with  chamber,  dining, 
drawing  and  parlor  suits,  in  oak,  walnut,  mahogany,  cherry  and  other  hard  woods,  in  a  great  variety  of  new  designs  and  rich  and  strikingly 
handsome  upholstering.    Indeed,  the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  house  in  each  of  its  departments  is  thehandling-exclusively  at  whoUsale 
—of  fine  goods  at  moderate  figures;  and  its  connection  is  of  a  con  espondingly  far-reaching  and  brisk  character.    The  enterprising,  alert  and 
business-like  proprietor,  who  has  the  assistance  of  a  staff  of  fifteen  employees,  is  a  young  man  of  Indiana  birth,  well  known  and  popular  in 
this  city.    Mr.  Lanmi  is  also  a  veteran  of  the  late  war,  having  served  on  the  United  States  steamship  Allen  Coller  of  the  Jlississippi  Squad- 
ron. 

SL.  WELLS,  Commission  Merchant,  Butter,  Eggs,  Fruit,  Poultry,  Game,  Etc.,  No.  :332  Washington  Street.-Formerly  of  the  well- 
known  firm  of  Kingsbury,  Wells  &  Co.,  wli.)  were  succeeded  by  Wells,  Melick  &  Co.,  which  partnership  was  continued  till  1879. 
Mr.  S.  L.  Wells,  upon  the  dissolution  of  this  partnership  by  mutual  consent  initiated  his  present  enterprise  in  a  similar  line  of  busi- 
•  ness  at  No.  333  Washington  Street,  aud  the  intimacy  of  his  acquaintance  with  the  details  of  the  trade  itself,  with  a  large  number  of 
producers,  and  with  the  markets  for  the  disposal  of  produce,  have  since  been  fruitful  in  the  forming  of  a  connection  which,  under 
other  circumstances,  could  only  have  been  acquired  by  tlie  patient  labor  of  many  years.  Butter,  eggs,  fruit,  poultry,  game  and  other  coun- 
try produce  is  dealt  in  by  the  firm  on  commission,  and  consignments  are  received  largely  from  the  west.  The  undoubted  stability  of  the 
house  is  well  known  among  commercial  men,  but  for  the  benefit  of  agriculturalists  in  remote  parts,  desiring  to  place  their  produce  in  the 
hands  of  a  reliable  commission  merchant  from  whom  they  may  expect  liberal  ti-eatmeut  and  prompt  settlement,  reference  is  permitted  by 
courtesy  to  the  Irving  National  Bank.  Mr.  S.  L.  Wells,  who  has  efficient  help  in  the  conduct  of  his  business,  does  a  brisk  trade  among 
dealers  in  the  city,  and  its  vicinity,  and  is  able  to  place  upon  the  market  at  the  best  pr-ices  from  time  to  time  prevailing,  any  consignments  of 
good  produce  ot  the  kinds  named  entrusted  to  his  hands.  He  is  a  native  of  Ontario  County,  New  York,  and  well  known  and  highly  esteemed 
in  the  business  circles  of  this  city. 

PETTIT  &  CO.,  Dining  Rooms.  No.  131!  Water  Street.— The  oldest  establishment  of  the  kind  to  be  found  in  lower  New  York  is  that  of 
Pettit  <&  Co.,  whose  well-known  dining-rooms  and  oyster  house  are  located  at  No.  136  Water  Street.  This  popular  place  was  first 
opened  to  the  public  in  184.5,  by  Jlessrs.  Pettit  &  Crook,  being  conducted  under  their  joint  control  up  to  1808.  when  Mr.  Pettit  became 
sole  owner.  This  is  truly  a  model  establishment,  conducted  on  the  most  liberal  scale  throughout.  Mr.  Pettit  is  a  veteran  caterer, 
brought  up  to  the  business  of  ministering  to  the  inner  man,  and  has  spared  neither  labor  nor  expense  in  the  effort  to  please  the  pub- 
lic, and  i-ender  his  house  popular  with,  and  the  regular  resort  of  the  best  citizens  of  New  York,  and  of  such  transient  sojourners  as  appre- 
ciate the  good  things  of  life  prepared  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art,  and  served  in  an  unexceptionable  manner.  His  success  is  evident  in  the 
splendid  patronage  he  enjoys,  some  eight  hundred  persons  being  liis  guests  daily,  and  a  general  air  of  prosperity  and  pleasant  bustle  per- 
vades the  entire  place.  The  premises  required  for  the  business  are  a  five-story.  2.5  x  100  feet  building  which  Mr.  Pettit  built  in  1854,  moving 
here  from  the  corner  of  Wall  Street.  It  is  admirably  furnished  and  appointed  throughout.  The  first  three  floors  are  used  for  dining-rooms, 
the  fourtl:  as  a  store  room,  while  the  fifth  floor  is  fitted  up  as  a  laundry.  Guests  of  Mr.  Pettit  are  provided  with  tempting  meals,  including 
eveiy  substantial  and  delicacy  of  the  season,  served  promptly  by  polite  and  attentive  waiters  at  comparatively  very  low  prices.  This  is  also 
a  leading  shell  oyster  house,  and  patrons  may  have  the  luscious  bivalves  opened  before  their  eyes,  as  all  are  opened  on  the  premises,  served 
promptly,  neatly,  and  in  any  style  desired.  A  force  ot  fifty  hands  are  employed  iu  the  various  departments  of  the  business,  and  everything 
is  conducted  upon  a  systematic  basis.  5Ir.  Pettit  is  a  native  of  Long  Island  and  a  gentleman  of  advanced  years.  His  long  and  honorable 
business  career,  enterprise  and  progressive  policy  command  for  him  the  esteem  aud  respect  of  all  that  know  him. 

B LIVEN  &  CARRINGTON,  Manufacturers  ot  Oils  and  Lubricants,  No.  S.5.3  Front  Street.— .\n  industrial  and  mercantile  house  manufac- 
turing, importing  and  dealing  in  oils  and  lubricants,  that  has  attained  a  position  well  in  the  fore-front  in  its  trade,  is  the  responsible 
and  flourishing  one  of  Messrs.  Bliven  &  Carrington,  of  No.  253  Front  Street,  established  in  1870  by  the  talented  partners  now  at  its 
head;  3Ir.  J.  B.  F.  Bliven  and  5Ir.  H.  P.  Carrington,  they  having  been  joined  in  partnership  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Tussell  from  1885  to  1891.  when 
he  retired.  Every  description  of  domestic  and  imported  oil  is  handled,  inclusive  of  sperm,  whale,  lard,  neat's-foot,  cod,  straits, 
bank,  fish  oils,  and  such  varieties  as  are  in  use  by  tanners.  To  that  branch  of  the  business  relating  to  lubricants  very  close  study  has  from 
the  first  been  paid,  and  the  firm  has  won  a  hi,gh  repute  for  the  supply  of  such  as  is  exactly  suited  for  a  variety  of  different  manufacturing  and 
machinery  purposes,  fi-om  the  fine  oils  fitted  for  delicate  and  intricate  machinery  to  the  cheaper  but  effective  and  efficient  compounds 
designed  for  rolling  stock,  belting  and  other  such  purposes.  Of  those  for  which  it  is  specially  famed,  are  its  "  Lubricating  Cream,"  for  jour 
nals  and  parts  revolving  at  a  high  speed  generally,  and  "SpermolineCompoimd,"  of  unrivaled  value  in  thefactory  for  machinery  of  a  variety 
of  kinds.  Of  the  extent  of  its  trade  in  every  part  of  the  country,  which  has  grown  out  of  this,  and  of  its  generally  admirable  and  progressive 
methods  of  transacting  business,  as  well  as  its  practically  limitless  resources  for  obtaining  each  kind  of  merchandise  handled  at  inside  figures, 
some  idea  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  tliat  its  premises  consist  of  two  fine  five-story  buildings,  each  40  x  88  feet  in  size,  a  force  of  twelve 
clerks,  porters  and  others  being  regularly  engaged  in  the  manipulating  and  shipping  of  goods  from  the  enormous  stock  carried;  the  trade 
done  being  wholesale  only,  and  business  of  huge  volume  being  influenced  by  the  five  experienced  commercial  travelers,  representing  the 
firm  on  the  road. 

CHARLES  E.  FISK,  Chair  Manufacturer,  No.  442  Pearl  Street.— The  furniture  manufacturing  interest  in  this  city  is  of  such  magnitude 
that  it  is  advantageously  divided  into  several  branches,  each  line  of  production  constituting  a  business  of  great  importance.  One  of 
the  most  prominent  of  these  departments  is  the  manufacture  of  chairs  exclusively,  for  domestic  markets.  A  well-known  house 
in  this  specialty  is  that  of  Mr.  Charles  E.  Fisk,  No.  442  Pearl  Street.  He  manufactures  principally  dining-room,  kitchen  and  bed-room 
rocking  chairs,  in  great  variety  of  patterns,  employing  thirty  mechanics  in  putting  together  and  varnishing  them.  The  factory  is  a 
flve-story  building,  25  x  lOO  feet  in  dimensions,  and  thoroughly  equipped  with  all  the  requisite  machinery,  tools,  etc.  A  large  assortment  is 
always  carried  in  stock,  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  the  local  and  near-by  trade.  The  goods  find  ready  demand,  being  first-class  in 
material,  style  and  workmanship.  The  business  of  this  house  was  established  in  I8T8,  %vhen  the  firm  was  R.  C.  Fisk  ,£  Son.  In  1884,  Mr.  Charles 
E.  Fisk  became  the  sole  proprietor,  and  has  continued  to  carry  on  the  business  very  successfully.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  was  born 
in  New  England,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  about  twenty-one  years.  As  a  manufacturer  he  is  thoroughly  proficient  in  all  the 
details  of  the  trade;  and  as  a  business  man  he  is  enterprising,  honorable  and  highly  respected. 


242  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

"W  TW"        H.  KLING,  Importer  of  Diamonds,  Manufacturer  of   Diamond    Jewelry,  No.    192   Broadway. — Of    the    comparatively  newly 

/^l  established  enterprises  in  the  city  which  are  being  built  up  in  response  to  the  increasing:  demand  for  the  very  highest  qualities  of 

/        1  diamond  jewelry,  the  tlrm  of  Mr.  M.  H.  Kling  is  one  which  merits  special  notice  by  reason  of  the  rapid  strides  it  has  taken  by 

"^      "^  •     the  conscientious  and  skilled  exercise  of  its  functions  as  importers  of  diamonds,  and  manufacturers  of  diamond  jewelry. 

Undertaking  both  ramifications  the  firm  is  able  to  secure  a  supply  of  diamonds  of  the  first  and  second  water  of  rare  luster  at 

first  hand  from  1-64  to  5  karat  and  upwards,  at  prices  ranging  from  S05  to  $«00  per  karat,  and,  after  having  them  cut  and  polished  to  its 

requirements,   to  mount  them  in  a  reliable   manner,  in  jewelry  of  its  own    manufacture,   noted  for  the  strikingly  beautiful  and  chaste 

character  of  its  design,  and  the  excellence  of  its  fashioning.    Though  only  so  recently  foimded  the  firm  has  become  most  widely  known 

among  retailers  of  really  high  grade  jewelry,  and  its  patronage  is  drawn  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.    Eligible  offices  are  occupied 

at  No.  192  Broadway,  and  the  handsome  appointments  of  which,  include  two  large  safes,  for  the  custody  of  its  valuable  stock,  and  the  staff 

employed  in  the  industrial  branch  of  the  business  is  composed  of  the  most  e.Kpert  workmen.    Mr.  M.  H.  Kling,  who  is  himself  thoroughly 

expert,  and  a  high  authority  on  matters  effecting  the  trade,  is  a  gentleman  of  European  birth,  who  has  lived  in  New  York  for  a  number 

of  years. 

"W~v  ULAND  &  WHITING,  Real  Estate,  Temple  Court,  Corner  Beekman  and  Nassau  Streets.— A  very  famous  old  real  estate  agency  is  the 
t^     prominent  and  responsible  house  of  Ruland  &  Whiting  of  Temple  Court,  known  under  its  present  trading  title  during  the  past 
1^      twenty  odd  years,  and  with  which  the  present  partners,  Mr.  M.  A.  Ruland  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Whiting,  have  been  associated  during 
V     the  whole  of  its  long  career.    The  firm  has,  moreover,  always  had  its  offices  at  the  same  spot,  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
during  which  the  pulling  down  of  its  old  building  and  the  erection  of  the  renowned  Temple  Court  in  its  place  was  being  accom- 
plished.   The  partners  are  men  of  note  in  their  profession.     I\Ir.  Whiting  has  this  year  been  elected  as  the  first  mayor  of  the  borough  of 
Bound  Brook,  N.  J,    They  are  popular  members  of  the  Real  Estate  Exchange,  and  command  a  very  influential  trade  in  every  department  of 
real  estate  business.    In  the  making  of  sales  of  property  and  the  conducting  of  negotiations  and  bringing  them  to  a  successful  issue  in 
respect  to  transactions  involving  large  sums  they  have  played  a  most  important  part  in  this  city,  and  are  among  the  most  trusted  men  in  their 
profession;  the  Temple  Court  Building  among  many  others  being  under  their  entire  control  as  agents.    Both  gentlemen  are  of  middle  age, 
and  Mr.  Ruland,  who  was  born  on  Long  Island,  lives  in  Brooklyn,  while  Mr.  Whiting,  who  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  resides  at  Bound  Brook, 
New  Jersey. 

T  MILTON  SHAFTO  &  CO.,  Sole  Agents  Philadelphia  Fire-Proofing  and  Brick  Company,  Times  Building.— Though  but  a  short  time 
established  in  this  city,  T.  Milton  Shafto  &  Co.,  sole  agents  for  the  Philadelphia  Fire-Pi-oofing  and  Brick  Company  and  Philadelphia 
Brick  Co.,  with  New  York  offices  in  the  Times  Building,  and  Philadelphia  office  in  the  Builders'  Exchange,  have  already  built  up  a 
*  large  business  in  and  around  the  metropolis.  Their  trade,  which  extends  throughout  the  United  States,  affords  evidence  of 
steady  and  substantial  increase.  This  enterprising  and  widely  known  firm  (which  is  composed  of  Messrs.  T.  Milton  Shafto  and  F. 
A.  Fowler)  was  established  in  Philadelphia  some  seven  years  ago,  and  on  January  1,  1891,  opened  the  New  York  branch,  which  is  under  the 
efficient  management  of  the  senior  member,  Mr.  Fowler  being  in  charge  of  the  Philadelphia  end  of  the  business.  They  are  prepared  to 
quote  prices  on  all  kinds  of  fire-proof  building  material,  flre-briek  and  tile,  also  buff,  mottled,  pink  and  gray  brick,  Philadelphia  Brick  Com- 
pany red-pressed  and  stretcher  brick,  and  can  fill  the  largest  orders  at  short  notice,  enjoying  exceptional  facilities  in  this  respect.  Messrs. 
Shafto  and  Fowler,  who  are  gentlemen  in  the  prime  of  life,  are  both  men  of  thorough  experience,  of  energy  and  business  ability,  and  are 
active  members  of  the  New  York  and  the  Philadelphia  Building  Exchanges. 

THE  HECLA  POWDER  COMPANY,  No.  339  Broadway.— In  the  manufacture  of  dynamite  the  Hecla  Powder  Company  of  this  city 
enjoy  a  world-wide  reputation  as  manufacturers  of  Miners'  Friend  dyn  amite.  This  company  was  incorporated  in  1880  under  the  laws 
of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  is  officered  and  managed  by  J.  E.  Morse,  vice-president  and  treasurer;  Ralph  G.  Morse,  secretary. 
Miners'  Friend  dynamite  is  a  complete  nitro-glycerine  compound,  manufactured  under  the  most  improved  process  known,  and  with 
the  most  porous  and  effective  absorbents.  All  material  used  is  of  the  best  quality.  Before  incorporating,  such  material  is  pre- 
pared in  the  most  scientific  manner,  and  by  the  most  thorough  manual  incorporation,  the  greatest  uniformity  and  efficiency  are  obtained. 
All  nitro  glycerine  used  is  practically  absolutely  free  from  acid.  -AH  grades  are  formulated  to  produce  a  complete  combustion  when 
exploded,  and,  therefore,  the  greatest  volume  of  gas  and  the  least  possible  fumes  known  in  a  nitro  glycerine  mixture.  Miners'  Friend  dyna- 
mite will  not  explode  from  fire  or  flames,  nor  from  rough  handling,  or  dropping  from  any  height,  nor  from  any  shock  or  collision  incident 
to  transportation  by  team,  railroad  or  vessel.  The  company  claim  maximum  quality  and  efficiency,  maximum  safety  and  minimum  price. 
They  make  a  specialty  of  their  export  trade.  Their  dynamite  is  specially  prepared  and  specially  packed  in  a  manner  to  insure  it  against 
deterioration  from  moisture  of  a  sea  voyage,  or  any  climatic  changes,  or  exposure  in  transit  to  tropics  or  elsewhere.  It  is  guaranteed  to 
arrive  in  the  same  good  condition  as  when  shipped.  Quality  and  price  defy  competition  with  both  domestic  and  foreign  dynamite.  It  stands 
unequaled  for  all  submarine  or  very  hard  work,  while  its  great  freedom  from  fumes  and  its  great  efficiency  makes  it  the  best  explosive  that 
can  be  used  underground.  This  company  furnished  the  powder  for  the  excavation  at  Hell  Gate,  at  the  Panama  Canal  and  other  places,  and 
now  have  a  capacity  of  ten  thousand  pounds  per  day.  Branches  are  operated  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  country,  and  sales  are  enor- 
mous everywhere.  The  company  also  deal  extensively  in  caps,  fuse  and  electric  goods  for  blasting,  and  orders,  of  whatever  magnitude,  are 
promptly  and  carefully  filled.  Mr.  J.  E.  Morse,  the  vice-president  and  treasurer,  is  a  native  and  well-known  New  Yorker,  a  retired  naval 
officer  and  a  member  of  the  grand  lodge  of  F.  and  A.  M.,  a  trustee  of  the  New  York  Charitable  Association  of  Masons  and  prominent  and 
popular  in  social  and  business  life.    BIr.  Ralph  G.  Morse,  the  secretary,  is  a  native  of  the  city,  prominent  in  Masonic  and  social  circles. 

C.\SSE,  LACKEY  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Window  Shades  and  Shadings,  Etc.,  No.  275  Canal  Street.— Among  the  firms  which  have  a 
well-earned  title  to  be  classed  as  prominent  and  responsible  in  the  window  shade  line,  is  the  progressive  and  enterprising  house  of 
Casse,  Lackey  &  Co.,  founded  only  five  years  ago,  but  now  commanding  a  most  extensive  wholesale  and  retail  trade,  the  former 
branch  drawing  its  patronage  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  For  the  manufacture  of  window  shades  and  shadings,  hoUands, 
fringes,  etc.,  for  the  artistic  decoration  of  shades,  and  the  production  of  trimmings  and  shade  fixtures,  the  firm  has  a  factory  at 
Staten  Island,  provided  with  a  very  complete  plant,  and  manned  by  a  large  and  efficient  staff  of  work  people.  Of  the  choice  and  beautiful 
products  of  their  labor,  a  very  handsome  display  is  made  at  the  headquarters  in  this  city,  which  are  at  No.  275  Canal  Street,  and  consists  of 
a  floor  and  basement,  25  x  110  feet  in  size,  a  distinguishing  feature  of  this  establishment  being  the  completeness  of  its  stock,  which  embraces 
every  kind  of  goods  that  come  within  the  range  of  such  a  trade,  in  all  the  standard  sizes  and  colors,  and  affording  a  great  wealth  of  choice  in 
the  matter  of  design.  This  is  productive  of  a  very  brisk  trade,  and  twelve  courteous  clerks  and  salesmen  are  constantly  in  attendance.  They 
manufacture  for  the  trade  a  large  line  of  tapestries  for  interior  decorations,  and  always  have  .samples  on  hand  to  submit.  The  two  princi- 
pals, Mr.  A.  J.  Casse,  and  Sir.  W.  J.  Lackey,  are  old  traveling  men,  and  are  known  all  over  the  country,  and  their  trade  is  nearly  all  personal. 
They  are  unremitting  in  their  personal  supervision  of  the  affairs  of  the  business  generally.  These  gentlemen  are  natives  of  New  York  state, 
and  have  become  very  widely  and  favorably  known  in  the  city. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


243 


HTHAU,  Manufacturer  of  Electrical  and  Telegraphic  Instnunents,  Xo.  130  Fulton  Street.— A  practical,  expert  electrician,  who  is  one 
of  the  most  successful  exponents  of  this  profession,  is  Jlr,  H,  Thau.  This  gentleman,  who  is  a  native  of  Germanj-,  has  long  resided 
^  in  this  country,  and  has  been  established  in  business  here  since  !S11.  He  occupies  six  large  rooms  for  business  purposes,  one 
20  .X  1,^)0  feet,  the  others  each  45  x  50  feet  in  dimensions.  The  place  is  equipped  with  the  most  improved  machinery,  operated  by 
steam-power,  and  employment  is  given  a  corps  of  skilled  artisans.  Mr.  Thau  personally  superintends  matters,  and  devotes  his  tal- 
ents to  the  manufacture  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  instruments,  models  and  experimental  work,  and  gear  cutting.  He  sustains  an  enviable 
reputation  for  the  superiority  of  his  products,  and  he  has  done  much  valuable  work  for  the  Gold  and  Stock  Telegraph  Companies,  and 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company.  He  has  also  done  excellent  work  for  Thos.  A.  Edison,  the  "  Wizard  of  Menlo  Park,"  and  worked  with  the 
great  inventor  when  he  visited  Europe.  He  still  does  a  large  amount  of  work  for  him.  Mr.  Thau  is  also  manufacturer  of  the  Mutual  District 
call  boxes,  which  are  such  a  public  convenience.  His  resources  are  complete,  his  facilities  unexcelled^  and  he  is  amply  prepared  to  satisfac- 
torily meet  all  demands  made  upon  him. 


Gvr.  BENT  &  CO.,  Jlakers  of  Mantel  Folding  Beds,  No. 
171  Canal  Street.— A  noted  branch  of  the  furniture  in- 
dustry, and  one  that  has  reached  very  extensive  propor- 
•  tions,  especially  in  our  crowded  cities  where  rents  are 
high,  is  that  of  folding  beds,  and  among  the  leading 
houses  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  these  useful  and  space 
economizing  articles  is  that  of  Messrs.  G.  W.  Bent  &  Co.,  makers 
of  cabinet  and  drapery  mantel  folding  beds,  whose  headquarters 
are  centrally  located  at  No.  10  Charlestown  Street,  Boston,  Mass., 
with  a  branch  house  in  New  York  at  No.  171  Canal  Street,  and 
factories  at  Ossipee  and  Brookline,  N.  H.  This  prosperous  and 
ably  conducted  enterprise  was  founded  in  the  city  of  Boston 
about  1S80  by  the  present  proprietor.  The  business  consisted 
originally  of  the  manufacture  of  spring  beds,  bedding  and 
cushions  of  all  kinds.  In  1885  their  first  folding  bed  was  pat- 
ented, and  since  then  seven  other  styles  have  been  placed  on  the 
market,  all  of  which  have  met  with  much  approval  and  ready 
sales.  In  order  to  introduce  their  beds  in  the  middle  and  south- 
ern states  to  better  advantage,  the  branch  house  in  this  city  was 
established  in  1887,  and  has  been  conducted  with  great  vigor  and 
enterprise  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Bent.  The  premises  utilized  here  com- 
prise three  entire  floors,  each  :35  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and 
constant  employment  is  given  a  force  of  about  twenty-five  work- 
men in  their  special  lines.  On  the  wareroom  floor  is  to  be  found 
a  complete  assortment  of  the  firm's  productions  in  all  the  most 
desirable  woods,  plain  or  carved,  and  finished  in  the  popiUar 
colors.  The  accompanying  cut  represents  the  "Star"  cabinet 
bed,  which,  like  the  "Columbia"  and  "Broadway,"  is  simple 
yet  strong  in  construction,  neat  in  appearance,  and  easily  oper- 
ated.   Upwards  of  fifteen  thousand  of  these  beds  are  in  use. 


"ir  TT      L.  MORSE,  Steam  Packing  Box  Factory,  No.  128  South  Fifth  Avenue.— One  of  the  important  branches  of  industry  contingent 

\L\        "PO"  *•>«  commerce  of  this  great  business  center  is  that  of  the  manufacture  of  packing  cases,  and  a  leading  house  engaged  in 

/        1        this  luie  is  that  of  Mr.  L.  L.  Morse,  trading  under  the  name  of  M.  L.  Morse.   Mr.  Morse  is  a  native  of  Maine,  but  has  resided  in  New 

•  York  the  greater  part  of  his  lengthy  life,  he  having  attained  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-four  years.    The  business  is  managed  by  and 

run  under  the  name  of  his  daughter,  Miss  M.  L.  Morse,  a  lady  of  excellent  business  ability.    The  mechanical  department  is  under 

the  supervision  of  the  foreman,  M.J.  Sullivan,  a  native  of  the  Empire  State,  and  fifteen  years  in  the  employ  of  this  house.    Mr.  Morse  estate 

lished  this  business  in  1859,  on  Greenwich  Street,  afterwards  removing  to  Prince  Street,  and  taking  possession  of  his  present  quarters 

in  1889.     The  premises  are  equipped  with  the  most  improved  machinery,  operated  by  steam-power,  and  every  facility  is  possessed  for 

the  product  of  a  perfect  output.     Employment  is  furnished  a  force  of  competent  bauds  the  year  round.     Mr.  Morse  manufactures  dry 

goods  boxes,  cigar  boxes,  candy  boxes  and  packing  cases  of  all  kinds,  and  there  are  over  one  hundred  wholesale  merchants  in  New  Y'ork 

and  vicinity  wdio  receive  supplies  in  this  line  from  this  house.    The  house  is    in  every  respect  a  representative  one  and  well  deserving  its 

success. 

BILLFELDER  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Specialties  in  Stationery,  Toys,  Etc.,  No.  524  Broadway.— In  noting  the  representative  mercantile 
establishments  of  New  Y'ork  more  than  passing  mention  should  be  made  of  the  old  and  noteworthy  house  of  B.  Illfelder  &  Co., 
importers  and  commission  merchants  for  the  sale  of  specialties  for  the  stationery,  toy  and  notion  trade  which  is  the  largest  and 
*  leading  concern  of  the  kind  in  this  city,  and  has  a  world  wide  business  connection.  The  firm  are  manufacturers  too,  with  immense 
factories  at  Nuremberg,  Bavaria  and  another  at  Sonneberg  with  branch  house  also  in  London,  England,  and  are  sole  agents  for 
German  slate  pencils,  the  John  F.  Irish  harmonica.  Eagle  letter  copying  books  and  paper,  and  Illfelder  anti-nervous  pen  holders,  while 
they  control  the  Standard  Crayon  Company,  likewise.  This  widely  and  favorably  known  house  was  established  in  1855,  and  for  some  thirty- 
two  years  the  business  was  conducted  at  No.  GO  John  Street,  being  moved  to  the  present  location  in  1887.  The  premises  here  occupied 
comprise  the  whole  of  a  50  x  200  feet  ground  floor  and  are  finely  fitted  up  and  excellently  arranged,  and  a  large  staff  of  clerks,  salesmen, 
etc.,  are  employed,  the  firm  employing  altogether  about  nine  hundred  hands.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  of  goods  is  constantly  carried 
in  stock,  including  a  multifarious  collection  of  useful,  novel  and  ingenious  articles  in  the  line  of  specialties  for  the  stationery,  toy  and  notion 
trade  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  attention  while  bottom  prices  are  quoted,  exceptional  inducements  being  offered  to  dealers.  The 
firm  is  composed  of  Messrs.  Leopold  Illfelder,  Max  Illfelder,  Sig.  Levy,  the  two  first  named  being  the  European  representatives  of  the  con- 
cern and  the  latter  the  resident  New  Y'ork  partner.  Mr.  Jesselson,  the  European  buyer,  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age  and  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, but  a  resident  of  this  city  many  years,  and  a  man  o£  thorough  business  experience. 


244 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OP  NEW  YORK. 


VG.  CREA3IER  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Fine  Artistic  Metal  Work,  Hot  Air  and  Ventilating  Registers,  Nos.  06  John  and  19 
Piatt  Streets.— Ampng  the  old  manufacturing  establishments  of  New  York  that  have  attained  a  wide  celebrity  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  everything  made  of  metal  that  goes  in  railroad  passenger  cars  is  that  of  Wni.  G.  Creamer  &  Co.,  No.  UG  Jolin  Street.— 
*  The  senior  partner  of  the  establishment  was  the  inventor  of  the  Creamer  Safety  Brake  in  1852.  This  was  the  first  successful 
brake  made  that  gave  the  engineer  the  facility  of  applying  all  the  brakes  of  a  train.  It  was  extensively  used  up  to  1872,  when 
it  was  superseded  by  the  air  brake  Of  late  years,  i\Ir.  Creamer  has  given  a  large  amount  of  study  to  ventilating  appliances  for  cars,  and 
his  metliods  are  used  all  over  the  Union.  The  necessity  of  improved  ventilation  on  cars  is  self-evident  and  needs  no  argument.  If  it  did,  it 
is  only  necessary  to  get  into  a  crowded  sleeping  car  at  midnight,  and  it  will  be  soon  realized  that  the  atmosphere  is  vile  to  the  last  degree. 
Space  will  not  allow  of  a  detailed  description  of  the  methods  used.  The  factory  of  Sir.  Creamer  is  located  in  Brooklyn  on  half  the  block 
bounded  by  Court,  Smith  and  Grinnell  Streets.  All  kinds  of  hot  air  registers  are  also  made  of  iron  and  brass,  as  well  as  a  great  variety  oS 
brass  work  for  house  and  ship  use.    In  the  busy  season  about  one  hundred  hands  are  employed. 


rrOHN  CROTTY,  Proprietor,  Maplewood  Paper  Mills,  Warehouse  No.  53  Crosby  Street.— One  of  New  York's  noteworthy  paper  ware- 
_.  I  houses  is  that  of  John  Crotty,  and  its  trade  extends  all  over  the  United  States.  Mr.  Crotty,  who  is  proprietor  of  the  Maplewood  Paper 
vS*  I  Mills,  Maplewood,  N.  J.,  manufacturers  of  Bogus  and  No.  2  Manilla  papers,  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life  and  a  native  of 
1  J  Ireland,  but  has  resided  in  this  country  since  boyhood.  He  has  been  established  in  business  about  eleven  years,  being  formerly 
located  at  No.  398  Broome  Street,  and  from  the  start  has  l)een  steadily  pushing  his  way  to  the  front.  The  mill  is  a  perfectly  equipped 
plant  with  ample  and  excellent  facilities,  and  some  forty-five  in  help  are  there  employed.  The  warehouse  premises  occupy  three  30  x  130 
feet  floors,  and  are  well  appointed  and  conveniently  arranged,  everything  about  the  establishment  indicating  order  and  admirable  manage- 
ment. An  exceedingly  large  and  flrsl-class  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  here,  including  besides  Bogus  and  No.  2  Manilla  papers, 
in  great  variety,  also  straw  and  other  wrapping  papers,  straw  boards,  twines  and  kindred  articles,  and  all  orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most 
expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  an  efticient  staff  being  in  attendance.  Mr.  Crotty,  who  exercises  immediate  personal  supervision  over 
the  entire  business,  is  enabled  to  quote  bottom  prices  by  reason  of  the  manifest  advantages  he  enjoys,  offering  exceptional  inducements  to 
dealers  and  large  consumers. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  245 

VM.  T.  VAX  ZAXDT.  Real  Estate,  Oftlce  No.  lliU  William  Street.— Among  the  down-town  real  estate  businesses,  that  of  5Ir.  William 
T.  Van  Zandt.  at  No.  Iti'.)  William  Street,  well  known  as  the  office  of  the  Van  Zandt  Estate,  is  among  the  most  important,  by 
reason,  among  others,  of  the  exhaustive  knowledge  possessed  by  its  proprietor— a  venerable  gentleman  of  seventy-two 
yeai-s— of  real  estate  matters  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  city,  his  close  familiarity  with  all  that  has  taken  place 
of  any  importance  in  connection  with  the  buying,  selling  or  exchanging  of  property,  his  sound  judgment  in  estimating  the  pres- 
ent and  probable  prospective  value  of  city  lots:  his  versatile  knowledge  of  the  laws  relating  to  real  estate  affairs,  and  his  great  discretion  in 
the  management  of  estates  throughout,  Mr.  Van  Zaudt  was  born  in  the  house  where  his  busy  office  is  located,  a  house  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  years  old,  which  was  his  mother's  property:  and  in  addition  to  having  the  management  of  the  Van  Zandt  and  other  estates,  is 
entrusted  with  the  conduct  of  a  great  number  of  very  important  transactions  of  all  kinds.  Mr.  Van  Zandt  has  among  his  other  important 
posts,  the  chairmanship  of  the  Committee  of  Lunacy  Reform,  whose  object  is  the  prevention  of  people  alleged  insane  being  improperly 
and  forcibly  put  out  of  the  way  in  asylums. 

FEIlKEK  &  GORDON.  Glass  and  Glassware,  No.  39  Barclay  Street.— These  gentlemen  are  associated  partners,  and  exhibit  at  their  estab- 
lishment a  very  large  assortment  of  glass  and  glassware  of  various  descriptions  by  eminent  makers  for  whom  they  are  the  selling 
agents.  They  have  eligible  and  finely  appointed  pi-emises  consisting  of-  a  floor  30  x  50  feet  in  extent,  where  the  display  does  full  justice 
to  the  firms  they  represeut  and  to  themselves,  and  an  examination  of  which  leads  to  very  numerous  and  large  transactions  by  some 
of  the  most  extensive  and  keen  purchasers  of  the  classes  of  goods  handled.  These  consist  of  tumblers  manufactured  by  the  Rochester 
Tumbler  Company,  chimneys,  lamps,  f oimts  and  jars  from  the  works  of  the  Thomas  Evans  Company,  pure  lead  glass  chimneys  from  the  Peer- 
less Lead  Glass  Works,  etc.  The  reliable  articles  sent  out  by  these  prominent  houses  are  well  known  and  their  represe  ntatives  find  no  diffi- 
culty in  commanding  a  far  reaching  foreign  and  domestic  trade.  The  agency  immediately  under  notice  was  founded  by  Sir.  Walter  Scott  m 
]S78and  Mr.  J.  E.  Gordon  became  lus  associate  in  1880.  Mr.  Scott  died  in  the  year  1884.  and  Mr.  Foy  succeeded  him  in  the  business,  and  on  Mr. 
Foy"s  retirement  from  the  agency  in  1890,  Mr.  H.  M.  Felker  succeeded  him,  and  the  enhanced  expansion  of  the  business  which  is  still  taking 
place  has  amply  justified  this  business  arrangement.  Mr.  Felker.  who  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  has  resided  in  New  York  only  one  year. 
is  member  of  the  Masonic  body,  while  his  partner,  Mv.  J.  E.  Gordon,  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  has  lived  in  this  city  for  twelve  years. 

■y-i    UGHES  &  ROSS,  Dealers  in  Staten  Island  Real  Estate,  No.  47  Broadway.— Messrs.  Hughes  &  Ross  have  been  engaged  in  the  line  indi- 

y^    cated  about  six  years,  and  from  the  first  have  been  highly  successful  in  building  up  a  flourishing  business.    They  are  men  of  the  highest 

Uf~M    personal  integritjr.  as  well  as  of  energj'  and  sagacity,  and  persons  having  business  relations  with  them  are  assured  of  liberal  and 

^^     honoi-able  treatment.    Blessrs.  Hughes  &  Ross,  who  are  large  property  owners  throughout  the  island,  have  for  sale  2,000  choice  lots  at 

New  Dorp,  as  many  more  at  Oakwood  and  about  1,000  lots  at  Gifford's,  all  of  which  they  are  offering  at  exceedingly  low  figures,  and 

on  exceptionally  easy  terms.    Lots  are  sold  at  $100  and  upwards,  according  to  location,  and  title  to  same  guaranteed,  wliile  houses  are 

erected  thereon  and  improvements  generally  effected  for  purchasers,  on  the  most  liberal  terms. 

THOS.  W,  ELDREDGE,  Real  Estate,  Room  No.  527,  No  d  Beekman  Street.— In  founding  their  business  four  years  ago  as  real  estate 
agents,  Jlessrs.  Arnoux  &  Eldredge  realized  that  in  catering  to  this  need  they  must  provide  business  men  with  homes  farther  afield 
that  were  yet  readily  accessible  by  train,  and  they  very  wisely  arranged  for  the  negotiation  of  lots  on  time  payments,  that  were 
located  along  the  New  Haven,  Harlem,  New  York  Central  and  Hud.son  River  Railroad,  and  the  New  Y'ork  and  Northern  railroad; 
and  in  these  sections,  as  also  at  Ardsley,  at  Elmsford,  and  along  the  Sound,  they  have  for  sale  on  the  easy  purchase  plan  some  of  the 
most  desirable  lots  that  are  to  be  acquired  by  New  York  men;  and  also  finel.v  located  residences  to  let.  The  principals,  who  conduct  a  gen- 
eral real  estate  business,  and  give  representation  to  every  branch  in  a  really  able  manner,  though  only  four  years  engaged  in^their  present 
venture,  are  gentlemen  of  long  and  ripe  experience;  Mr.  Arnoux  having  been  identified  with  the  profession  since  1866,  and  Mr.  Eldredge 
having  been  a  real  estate  agent  in  the  west  for  ten  years.  In  the  arranging  of  loans  on  bond  and  mortgage  the  firm's  sevices  have  been  of 
great  value,  bv  reason  of  the  commendable  solicitude  shown  for  the  best  interests  of  clients.  Mr.  Arnoux.  who  is  a  middle-aged  gentleman 
of  well-deserved  popularity,  was  born  in  this  city,  while  Mr.  Eldredge,  who  is  a  young  man  was  born  at  Binghamton,  New  York, 

HINRICHS&  COMPANY,  China  and  Glassware,  Btc.  Nos.  39  lo  33  Park  Place.— This  house  is  in  all  respects,  a  thoroughly  representative 
concern— one  of  the  largest,  most  complete  and  best  appointed  establishments  of  the  kind  in  this  city— and  has  a  wide-spread  business 
connection.  No  firm  in  the  line  indicated  in  the  United  States  maintains  a  higher  standing  in  the  trade,  and  none  enjoy  a  better  repu- 
tation for  fine  goods  or  for  liberal  and  equitable  dealing.  The  stock  carried  is  at  once  vast,  varied  and  magnificent,  and  comprises, 
besides  everything  comprehended  in  china,  glassware,  pottery,  lamps  and  kindred  articles,  also  a  number  of  exclusive  and  beautiful 
art  novelties,  fancy  goods,  toys,  and  the  most  extensive  and  comprehensive  assortment  of  dolls  in  the  trade.  Every  article  sold  here.  too.  is 
fully  warranted,  and  rock-bottom  prices  are  quoted  in  the  various  departments,  exceptional  inducements  being  offered  to  dealer's,  hotels, 
etc.;  and  those  having  business  relations  with  this  widely  known  and  responsible  house  are  assured  of  finding  the  same  both  pleasant  and 
profitable.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  seven  floors,  five,  50  x  100  feet,  and  two,  75  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  with  commodious,  well- 
ordered  salesrooms  and  a  tastefully  arranged  and  admirably  conducted  retail  department,  and  some  fifty  of  a  staff,  all  told,  including  clerks 
salesmen,  porters,  packers,  etc..  are  employed  The  display  is  something  superb,  and  ever.vthing  about  the  entire  establislunent  bespeaks 
order  and  excellent  management,  while  the  trade  of  the  firm  which  is  altogether  exceedingly  large,  extends  throughout  the  United  States, 
Canada  and  Mexico,  The  stock,  which  includes  full  lines  of  jobbing  goods  and  all  the  latest  novelties,  embrace  exquisite  china  tea  and 
dinner  sets,  chamber  sets,  ice  cream  sets,  fish  and  berry  sets,  bread  and  milk  sets,  cuspadores.  fruit  plates,  comports,  salad  bowls,  cracker 
jars,  chocolate  pots,  motto  cups  and  saucers,  mugs  and  shaving  mu.gs,  handsome  bisque  figures,  toy  tea  sets,  china  toys  and  whistles,  and 
other  china  articles  in  great  variety,  rich  and  beautiful  crystal  and  colored  table  glassware,  crystal,  plain  and  cut  bar  glass  in  imique  design, 
and  artistic  workmanship,  elegant  vases  and  delicate  porcelain  ornaments,  toilet  and  liquor  sets,  baskets,  comports,  bouquet  holders,  etc; 
also  a  splendid  assortment  of  Royal  Worcester.  Doulton,  Adderely.  Moores,  Jones,  Imperial,  Crown,  Royal,  Caledonian.  Victoria,  Brown, 
Iron  Cross  and  other  art  wares,  a  complete  line  of  C.  A.  Kleeman's  Patent  St.  Germain  study  lamps,  student  lamps,  Bohemian  colored 
glass  lamps,  brass  mounted  and  bronzed  lamps,  lamps  and  accessories  in  endless  variety,  pedestals,  plaques,  figures,  candelebra,  pitchers, 
mirrors,  hall  clocks,  and  Shield  library  sets,  card  stand  tables,  peacocks,  statuary,  brasses,  bronzes,  etc.,  with  a  multifarious  collection  of 
dolls,  toys,  playthings,  fancy  articles  and  small  wares  without  number.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  ISOl  by  M.  Werkmeister, 
who  was  succeeded  about  forty  years  subsequently  by  C,  F.  -\.  Hinrichs,  who  conducted  it  alone  up  to  1887  when  he  associated  with  him  in 
partnership  his  son,  Louis  Hinrichs  and  A.  C,  Misel,  thus  forming  the  firm  of  Hinrichs  &  Company,  Jlr.  Hinrichs  the  elder,  who  is  a  gentleman 
somewhat  past  the  meridian  of  life,  but  active  and  energetic  is  a  special  partner,  Messrs  Louis  Hinrich  and  A,  C.  Misel  being  the  active  mem- 
bers. They  are  men  of  thorough  business  experience,  fully  conversant  with  the  trade,  and  are  well  known  and  deserredly  esteemed,  alike 
in  commercial  circles. 


346  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

r^OHNFISH,  Mechanical  and  Consulting  Engineer,  No.  164  Maiden  Lane.— One  of  the  most  eminent  of  the  mechanical  and  consult- 
-s.  I  ing  engineers  in  this  city  is  John  Fish.  He  has  been  established  in  business  fifteen  years  and  conducts  his  operations  in  all 
vSJ  I  parts  of  the  country,  giving  employment  to  a  number  of  skilled  assistants.  An  Englishman  by  birth,  Mr.  Fish  has  been  in  America 
1  I  for  the  past  thirty  years  and  is  now  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  reliable  men  in  his 
line  and  was  for  a  period  of  nine  years  with  the  Stevens  Monitor  in  Hoboken,  as  mechanical  engineer.  He  was  also  with  the 
Delamater  Boiler  Works  in  Fourteenth  Street.  He  furnishes  plans,  specifications  and  estimates  of  machinery,  superintends  the  construc- 
tion of  the  same  and  makes  a  specialty  of  designing  and  planning  new  and  improved  machinery.  Mr.  Fish  has  a  fine  office  upstairs,  25  x  50 
feet  in  space,  where  he  receives  his  patrons.    He  is  popular  among  his  clients  and  constantly  increasing  his  already  extensive  business. 

Y^  OBERT  G.  THOJIAS,  Hope  Mills,  Importer  and  Jobber  in  Teas,  Coffees  and  Spices,  Manufacturer  of  Mustard  and  Spices,  No.  171 
M^  Duane  Street.— Among  the  staple  and  more  important  industries  of  this  city,  the  trade  in  teas,  coffees  and  spices  is  represented  by 
1^  houses  whose  operations  form  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  commercial  transactions  of  New  York.  Based  upon  the  supply  of 
■^  V  the  everyday  demands  of  life,  the  extension  and  increase  of  this  branch  of  trade  bears  a  direct  relation  to  the  general  prosperity  and 
increase  of  population  and  wealth,  resulting  in  improved  facilities  for  tlie  supply  of  the  demand  thus  created,  and  the  acquisition  of 
enlarged  business  by  the  houses  engaged  in  the  trade.  One  of  the  most  notable  and  best  known  establishments  of  the  kind  is  that  of  Mr. 
Robert  G.  Thomas,  proprietor  of  the  Hope  Mills,  located  at  No,  171  Duane  Street.  The  trade  of  this  house  extends  throughout  the  United 
States  and  it  has  fifteen  traveling  representatives  on  the  road.  The  enterprise  was  inaugurated  nine  years  ago  by  the  name  of  the  Hope 
IMills,  and  has  been  under  the  proprietorship  of  Mr.  Thomas  for  six  years.  The  management  has  been  characterized  by  liberality,  progres- 
siveness,  energy,  promptness  in  meeting  obligations,  a  careful  study  of  patrons'  interests,  while  the  house  has  become  noted  in  the  trade  for 
the  superiority  of  its  goods.  As  a  consequepce  the  volume  of  trade  transactions  has  grown  so  that  now  a  yearly  business  of  more  than 
one  million  dollars  is  done.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  a  five-story  warehouse,  30  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  it  is  fitted  with  all  the 
latest  improved  machinery  for  coffee  roasting  and  grinding  spices,  while  employment  is  given  twenty  experienced  hands.  Mustard  is  man- 
ufactured here  in  quantities,  this  house  being  the  largest  engaged  in  that  business  in  tlie  city.  A  heavy  stock  is  carried  of  the  choicest  teas, 
coffees,  mustards  and  spices  and  orders  of  any  magnitude  are  promptly  met.  He  packs  in  a  two  pound  can  attractively  labeled  a  very  supe- 
rior roasted  coffee  under  the  name  of  Cafd  Royal.  This  brand  is  becoming  deservedly  celebrated  and  the  best  judges  of  coffee  in  the  city  are 
daily  testifying  to  its  superiority  by  giving  it  the  preference  over  all  others.  Mr.  Thomas  is  a  native  New  Yorker  and  has  a  high  standing 
iu  the  community.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Coffee  Exchange  and  a  thoroughly  representative  New  Y'ork  merchant  and  citizen. 

"W"^  IPLEY  &  COFFIN,  Contractors,  No    50  Broadway.- Ripley  &  Coffin  are  among  the  oldest  and  most  responsible  firms  engaged 

M^     in   their  line  in  this  city.    The  business  was  established  in  1855  by  Smith  &  Ripley,  and  as  such  was  conducted  up  to  about  five 

1^      years  ago,  when  the  present  copartnership  was  formed-    The  individual  members  of  the  fu"m  are  Messrs  J.  Wright  Ripley,  and  J. 

-*■  V     W.  Coffin,  both  of  whom  are  New  Yorkers  by  birth.    They  are  men  of  thorough  practical  skill  and  experience,  as  well  as  of  energy 

and  enterprise,  and  are  fully  conversant  with  every  feature  and  detail  pertaining  to  the  class  of  work  to  which  they  devote  their 

attention     Mr.  Ripley,  the  senior  member,  who  has  been  successfully  engaged  in  the  business  for  upward  of  thirty-five  years,  is  a  recognized 

authority  on  matters  pertaining  to  railroad  construction,  the  building  of  water  works,  bridges,  docks,  tunnels,  dams,  etc.,  and  Mr.  Coffin, 

who  studied  at  Yale,  is  an  expert  civil  engineer,  with  an  odd  quarter  of  a  century's  experience  in  the  exercise  of  his  profession  all  over  the 

United  States.    They  have  complete  equipment,  and  are  prepared  to  give  estimates  on  all  classes  of  work  in  the  line  above  indicated;  and 

all  contracts  undertaken  by  them  are  certain  to  be  performed  in  the  most  careful,  competent  and  trustworthy  manner.    Among  the  more 

noteworthy  achievements  atte;sting  their  skill  and  ability  may  be  mentioned  the  Campbell  AVall  connecting  railroad,  the  Poughkeepsie 

Bridge  approaches,  the  Dunderberg  Spiral  railroad,  and  many  others  equally  worthy  of  mention. 

CHARLES  HANIMANN,  Mechanical  Engineer  and  Draughtsman,  No  115  Broadway,  Room  No.  148.  and  No  501  W.  Fifty-second  Street, 
Corner  of  Tenth  Avenue.— Perhaps  in  no  branch  of  industry,  science,  or  art,  has  the  march  of  progress  left  such  indelible  imprints 
during  the  last  half  century  as  in  the  sphere  of  activity  devoted  to  the  construction  of  machinery  of  all  kinds.  The  improvement 
and  the  marked  development  of  mechanical  skill,  and  the  advance  made  in  this  direction  within  the  period  mentioned  is  among  the 
most  notable  features  that  mark  the  age  of  progress  in  which  we  live.  Of  thoi^who  have  made  a  most  enviable  reputation  for  skill 
and  ability  in  the  line  of  mechanical  drawing  and  kindred  branches  in  the  metropolis,  not  many  stand  higher  than  Mr.  Charles  Hanimann, 
mechanical  draftsmen,  whose  office  place  is  centrally  located  at  No.  115  Broadway,  Room  No  148,  with  residence  at  No.  501  W.  Fifty-second 
Street,  corner  of  Tenth  Avenue.  Mr.  Hanimann,  who  is  a  young  man,  active  and  vigorous,  was  born  in  Switzerland,  and  has  been  a  i-esi- 
dent  of  this  city  since  1888.  He  is  a  thorougly  practical  and  expert  mechanical  draughtsman,  with  some  eighteen  years'  continuous  experi- 
ence and  a  thorough  master  of  mechanical  designing,  construction  and  calculation,  and  being  well  endowed  with  the  energy  and  foresight 
proverbial  of  his  countrymen  the  world  over,  he  embarked  in  business  on  his  own  account  in  1888,  and  at  once  developed  a  large 
and  influential  patronage.  Mr  Hanimann  makes  a  specialty  of  all  kinds  of  mechanical  drawings  for  inventors,  machinists,  engineers,  etc.; 
also  the  designing,  calculation  and  construction  of  mechanical  appliances,  machines  and  apparatus,  and  particular  attention  is  given  to 
patent  office  drawings  for  inventors;  also  tracings,  copies  and  sun  prints,  while  complete  sets  of  general  and  working  drawings  are  executed 
in  the  most  correct  styles  at  exceedingly  low  prices  Having  been  the  greater  portion  of  his  life  engaged  in  studying  the  science  of  mechan- 
ics, his  services  are  much  sought  after  by  inventors  and  practical  machinists  as  an  adviser  how  to  meet  and  overcome  difficult  and  abstruse 
problems  involved  in  their  work,  and  which  are  attended  with  most  successful  results.  Mr.  Hanimann  is  highly  respected  by  the  community 
for  his  ability  and  integrity,  and  conducts  his  business  on  the  soundest  principles  of  honor  and  integrity. 

NOLEN  &  BOARDMAN,  Pure  Hydro-Carbon  Gas  Black,  No  824  Temple  Court.— The  productions  of  some  of  our  leading  manufactur- 
ers engaged  in  this  line  are  a  distinct  triumph  of  skill  and  sustained  efforts  in  which  connection  special  mention  should  be  made  of 
the  pure  hydro-carbon  gas  black  prepared  by  Nolen  &  Boardman  It  is  manufactured  under  Letters  Patent  of  September  17,  1872, 
March  23, 1875  and  May  10,  1881  and  commands  a  large  sale  all  over  the  civilized  world,  being  by  universal  assent  the  most  perfect, 
effective  and  altogether  superior  compound  for  the  purpose  intended  on  the  market.  It  is  in  short,  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  pure  carbon 
black,  being  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard,  and  the  demand  therefore  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  substantial  increase.  Messrs. 
Nolen  and  Boardman  have  works  in  Western  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia,  using  the  gas  fields  as  a  source  of  fuel  supply  and  make  gas 
black  exclusively.  They  employ  a  large  force  of  help  in  the  industry  and  have  branches  also  iu  London,  Paris  and  Bibieroch,  Germany, 
doing  a  flourishing  trade.  The  firm  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  any  quantity,  either  for  home  or  export  trade,  at  the  lowest  possible 
figures,  consistent  with  quality  of  goods,  quoting  rock-bottom  prices.  This  prosperous  business  was  established  in  1872,  and  under  the  style 
of  the  Carbon  Black  Company  was  conducted  up  to  about  ten  years  ago,  when  the  present  firm  name  was  adopted.  Messrs.  Albert  V.  Nolen 
and  John  Boardman,  Jr.,  the  individual  members,  are  men  of  energy  and  enterprise  as  well  as  of  skill  and  many  years  experience  m  this  line. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  247 

OSTBY  &  BARTON,  Jlanufacturers  ot  Solid  Gold,  Engraved  and  Plain  Band  Rings,  New  York  Office,  No.  176  Broadway.— Ostby  &  Bar- 
ton is  a  firm  known  among  the  best  retailers  of  jewelry  from  JIaine  to  California  as  manufacturing  jewelers,  the  center  of  whose 
industry  is  at  Rhode  Island.  Messrs.  Ostljy  &  Barton  established  their  concern  in  the  year  1879,  and  their  factory  at  No.  80  Clifford 
Street,  Providence,  R.  I.,  is  now  manned  by  a  staff  of  two  hundred  expert  working  jewelers.  Such  iirnsperity  is,  of  course,  mainly 
due  to  the  high  quality  of  the  goods  which  are  sent  out  from  the  factory  and  is  largely  contributed  to  by  the  able  manner  in  which 
the  house  is  represented  in  this  city  where  their  head  office  is  at  No.  176  Broadway.  Traveling  salesmen  represent  the  house  upon  the 
road,  and  every  section  of  the  country  is  systematically  visited.  The  speciality  of  the  firm  is  the  manufacture  of  solid  gold,  engraved, 
plain,  stone  and  emblem  rings,  and  also  the  superior  triple  crown  filled  ring,  also  a  full  line  bonnet  pins  for  the  production  of  each  of  which 
the  establishment  has  a  high  reputation.  In  the  New  York  offices,  which  are  25  x  25  feet  in  size,  and  handsomely  appointed,  a  choice  display 
of  these  goods  can  at  all  times  be  seen,  and  quotations  obtained,  and  no  small  proportion  of  the  firm's  business  is  done  through  this  office  by 
its  active  and  able  manager.  The  proprietors  are  3Ir.  E.  C.  Ostby  and  Mr.  N.  B.  Barton,  both  middle  aged  gentlemen,  long  residents  of 
Rhode  Island,  and  respected,  not  only  in  the  cities  where  their  premises  are  located  but  in  all  the  cities  of  the  Union  where  their  customers 
are  to  be  found. 

NEW  YORK  TAG  AND  LABEL  MAXUFACTUEING  CO.,  No.  431  Broome  Street.— Mention  should  be  made  in  this  review  of  the  New 
York  Tag  and  Label  JIanufacturing  Co.,  whose  tags  and  labels  command  an  immense  sale,  being  in  wide-spread  and  constantly  in- 
creasing demand  throughout  the  United  States,  as  well  as  England,  Germany,  Australia  and  other  foi-eign  countries.  They  manu- 
facture merchandise  and  shipping  tags  and  gum  labels  and,  in  short,  tags  and  labels  in  every  shape,  size,  style,  design  and  variety, 
and  can  fill  the  largest  orders,  at  shortest  notice,  employing  upward  ot  one  hundred  hands.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  always 
carried  in  stock,  while  anything  in  the  line  indicated  is  manufactured  to  order,  likewise,  in  the  most  expeditious  and  excellent  manner,  sat- 
isfaction being  guaranteed  in  every  instance.  Estimates  are  cheerfully  furnished  and  bottom  prices  quoted,  the  company  ofTering  substan- 
tial inducements  to  the  trade  and  large  consumers.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in  1878  by  Mr.  Helm,  who  was  succeeded  about 
a  year  lat«r  by  Wm.  B.  Steiner,  the  present  proprietor.  Mr.  Steiner  was  born  in  this  city  and  is  a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise,  thorouglUy 
conversant  with  every  detail  of  the  business,  and  is  also  connected  with  the  firm  of  Steiner  &  Co.,  printers. 

Tr  Tl"  ALONE'S  BUSINESS  EXCHANGE,   "  World"  Building.— For  the  past  twenty-two  years  Malone's  Business  Exchange  now  eligibly 

/^l      located  in  the  New  World  Building  has  been  in  existence.    It  is  an  institution  that  fills  a  distinct  and  decidedly  important  niche  in 

/        1      the  industrial,  commercial  and  financial  affairs  of  the  community.    The  quarters  occupied  at  the  present  location  are  convenient 

and  well  appointed  and  the  olfice  is  open  daily  from  9  a.  m.  to  G  p.  m.    Stores,  factories,  mills,  shops  and  business  places  of  every 

description  are  promptly  sold  and  exchanged  here  at  private  sale;  also  mines,  mineral  lands  and  all  classes  of  tangible  property  and 

no  commission  is  exacted  unless  transfer  is  effected  or  purchaser  procured.    Mercantile  and  manufacturing  enterprises  are  promoted,  capital  is 

obtained  for  merchants,  manufacturers,  etc.,  desiring  to  extend  their  business  and  partners  are  secured,  stock  companies  are  organized  and 

promoted,  business  properties  are  appraised  for  individuals,  firms,  syndicates,  executors  and  others,  and  books  are  examined,  written  up  and 

adjusted  by  a  large  staff  of  expert  accountants.    Titles  are  searched  and  perfected,  likewise  chattel  mortgages,  bills  of  sale,  deeds,  leases  and 

all  other  legal  documents  are  carefully  draw  up  and  executed  and  loans  are  negotiated,  while  legitimate,  financial  operations  generally  are 

conducted,  and  all  interests  entrusted  to  Malone's  Business  Exchange  are  certain  to  be  handled  in  the  most  judicious,  capablejand  trustworthy 

manner.    It  also  carries  on  a  general  sale  and  exchange  of  city  and  country  real  estate,  also  exchange  of  real  estate  for  business  places 

and  acts  as  auctioneers. 

TTT-NICKERBOCKER  MILLS,  Wm.  J.  Stitt  &  Co.  Importers,  Manufacturers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Coffee,  Spices  and  Grocers'  Sundries 
ly       Nos.154  and  156  Chambers  Street.— The  widely  known  Knickerbocker  Mills  of  Wm.  J.  Stitt  &  Co.,  coffee  roasters  and  spice  grinders,  has 
I  1       for  an  odd  half  a  century  been  a  distinctly  prominent  factor  in  its  line.    It  is,  in  fact,  the  very  oldest  as  well  as  one  of  the  largest  and 
V     most  prosperous  establishments  of  the  kind  in  New  York,  and  has  always  maintained  an  A 1  reputation  for  reliable  goods.    The  firm 
are  importers,  manufacturers  and  wholesale  dealers,  and  their  trade,  which  is  of  a  most  substantial  character,  extends  all  over  the 
United  States,  the  total  annual  sales  reaching  a  very  handsome  figure.    They  manufacture  a  class  of  extracts,  mustards  and  kindred  articles 
of  exceptional  excellence,  and  import  pure  select  coffees  and  spices  direct,  while  they  handle  a  line  of  superior  grocers'  sundries.    Coffee  is 
roasted  here  for  the  trade,  and  spices  are  ground  to  order,  in  tlie  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  the  facilities  of  tlie  concern  in 
these  special  departments  being  unsurpassed.    The  premises  occupied  as  mills,  office  and  warehouse,  comprise  thirteen  floors,  each  25  x  lOO 
feet  in  dimensions,  which  are  completely  equipped  with  steam-power,  the  latest  improved  machinery,  roasting  and  grinding  apparatus  and  per- 
fect facilities,  twelve  coffee  roasters  and  ten  spice  mills  being  in  service,  while  flfty  to  sixty  of  a  staff  are  employed.    .\  vast  and  varied  assort- 
ment is  constantly  kept  in  stock,  and  includes  besides  coffees  and  spices  of  every  variety,  mustards,  extracts  and  condiments;  also  baking 
powder,  starch,  "  Dextrine  "  and  kindred  grocers'  sundries.    All  orders  receive  immediate  attention,  and  every  article  sold  is  guaranteed, 
while  the  prices  quoted  are  invariably  the  lowest  figures  consistent  with  quality  of  goods.  This  flourishing  enterprise  had  its  inception  in  1842, 
when  the  business  was  started  by  Wm.  J.  Stitt  &  Co.,  the  senior  member,  however,  being  removed  by  death  a  few  years  ago.    The  co-part- 
nership now  consists  of  Messrs.  George  Miller,  O.  M.  Miller,  George  SherriU  and  F.  Van  Lean,  all  of  whom  have  been  connected  with  the 
concern  for  many  years.    They  are  men  of  thorough  experience  and  business  ability,  and  are  active  members  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange 
and  the  Board  of  Trade. 

rf  OSHUA  LONGFIELD,  Sole  Proprietor  and  Manufacturer  of  the  Celebrated  North  of  England  Sauce,  No.  259  Greenwich  Street.— For 
-^  I  delicious  flavor,  purity  and  quality,  no  table  sauce  yet  introduced  can  begin  to  compare  with  the  deservedly  popular  North  of  Eng- 
©  I  land  sauce,  of  which  Joshua  Longfield,  No.  259  Greenwich  Street,  is  the  manufacturer  and  sole  proprietor.  This  is  an  article  ot 
1  I  exceptional  merit,  the  very  acme  of  zest  givers,  and  commands  an  immense  sale  throughout  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  Canada 
and  Mexico,  while  it  is  exported  largely  also  to  Central  and  South  America.  Over  one  million  bottles  a  year  are  sold,  besides  some 
twenty  thousand  gallons  in  bulk,  and  the  demand  grows  apace.  Only  absolutely  pure  and  choicest  ingredients,  directly  imported,  are  used 
in  the  preparation  of  the  North  ot  England  sauce,  and  the  greatest  care  is  exercised  in  compounding  the  same.  It  is  put  up  in  quarts,  pints, 
and  half  pints  for  the  trade,  and  can  be  purchased  at  remarkably  low  prices  of  grocers  everywhere,  having  immeasurably  the  largest  sale  of 
any  sauce  in  America.  In  addition  to  the  commodious  quarters  occupied  at  No.  259  Greenwich  Street,  this  city,  Mr.  Longfield  has  a  depot 
also  at  No.  25  South  Front  Street.  Philadelphia,  and  No.  514  Hayes  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  keeps  on  hand  at  these  establishments  a 
big  stock.  All  orders  for  any  quantity  are  filled  in  the  most  prompt  and  reliable  manner,  and  exceedingly  low  prices  are  quoted,  the  most 
liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  jobbers,  hotels,  restaurants  and  large  consumers.  Mr.  Longfield,  who  is  a  native  of  England,  is  a  man 
of  long  and  varied  experience  in  the  manufacture  ot  sauces,  and  had  devoted  years  ot  effort  in  experimenting  before  he  perfected  the 
formula  according  to  which  the  "  North  of  England  "  is  prepared.  He  has  been  engaged  in  manufacturing  this  distinctly  meritorious  article 
in  New  Y'ork  since  1877. 


248  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

■w-TW-  R.  WILLIAM  A.  LAMBERT,  Architect,  No.  13  Park  Row.— Mr.  William  A.  Lambert,  since  the  founding  of  his  business  three  years 
/%/■       ago.  in  an  office  contiguous  to  that  he  has  occupied  since  the  early  part  of  this  year,  at  No.  13  Park  Row.  has  been  recognized,  and 
/        1      rewarded  by  a  liberal  share  of  patronage,  and  tlie  acceptance  of  a  considerable  number  of  his  plans  for  residential  work,  prlnci- 
-^    pally  in  various  parts  of  New  Jersey.     The  explanation  of  his  labors  relating  chiefly  to  that  territory  is  found  in  the  fact  that  he 
has  resided  for  nineteen  years  in  that  state,  and  that  the  intrinsic  merit  of  the  first  of  his  plans  used  there,  prort-d  an    irresistible 
attraction  to  other  property  owners  who  were  contemplating  the  erection  of  buildings,  and  thus  each  creditable  effort  proved  an  adver- 
tisement of  his  talent,  and  led  to  an  enlarged  demand  upon   his  services.     Hence   his   residence   at   Nutley,  New   Jersey,  has   become  a 
branch  office,  and  the  young  house,  established  only  three  years  ago,  has  secured  a  connection  of  a  very  gratifying  kind,  a  tribute  to  the 
intelligent  representation  given  to  artistic  and  graceful  architecture,  and  to  tlie  careful  provision  made  for  utilitarian  purposes,  and  for  all 
sanitary  requirements.    Mr.  Lambert  is  a  young  man  of  five  years'  experience  in  liis  profession,  who  was  born  in  London,  lias  lived  in 
this  country  twenty-one  years,  and  is  rapidly  winning  his  way  to  a  foremost  place  among  tlie  architects  of  this  city. 

'■-^  EED  &  McKIBBIN,  Consulting  Electrical   Engineers,  Electric   Railway  Contractors,  No.  2  Wall  Street.— Among  the   most  promi- 
1^      nent  firms  of  consulting  electrical  engineers  and  railway  contractors,  we  note  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Reed  &  McKibbin,  who  occupy 
I  \       spacious  offices  at  No.  2  Wall  Street,  this  city.    Although  recently  organized  under  this  name  they  are  men  of  wide  experience. 
V    dating  back  to  the  birth  of  electric  propulsion  applied  to  street  radways  in  America.    As  far  back  as   1884,  although  working 
independently,  they  were  both  and  have  since  been  actively  engaged  in  the  application  of  electric  power.    They  have  been  and  are 
now  connected  with  some  of  the  largest  and  most  difficult  electrical  enterprises  undertaken.     Due  to  integrity  in  all  theii'  dealings  together 
with  the  frank  and  impartial  advice  to  their  patrons,  and  their  unquestioned  ability,  they  have  developed  a  liberal  and  substantial  patronage 
not  accorded  to  many  other  firms  in  tliis  line.    They  give  their  attention  more  especially  to  electric  railway  engineering  and  power  plants, 
prepare  designs,  estimates,  specifications,  etc.,  and  are  always  solicitous  for  the  best  interests  of  those  employing  them.    They  enter  into 
contracts  of  any  magnitude  and  are  prompt  and  reliable  in  all  their  undertakings.    They  employ  none  but  thoroughly  skilled  and  experi- 
enced assistants  and  always  give  personal  supervision  to  their  work. 

E  OSBORNE  S^IITH  &  CO..  Real  Estate  Brokers,  No.  5  Beekman  Street.— In  the  real  estate  world  this  firm  have  demonstrated  be- 
yond any  perad venture  its  title  to  the  entire  confidence  of  patrons  in  all  branches  of  real  estate  business,  whether  relating  to  small 
transactions  or  those  involving  large  sums  of  money,  and  the  response  to  this  on  the  part  of  large  property  owners  has  been  the 
•  placing  of  lots  in  its  hands  for  building  purposes  in  New  York,  Brooklyn,  Jersey  City  and  other  contiguous  places,  and  farming 
land  and  buildings  in  all  parts  of  the  state.  In  addition  to  this,  cautious  investors  and  keen  speculators  find  the  services  of  the  house 
of  inestimable  value,  and  its  discretion  in  the  conduct  of  negotiations  in  the  capacity  of  brokers  implicity  to  be  relied  upon.  It  has  money 
to  loan  on  bond  and  mortgage,  and  while  in  such  matters  showing  a  commendable  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  its  clients,  also  regards  their 
social  standing  by  guarding  their  professional  secrets  inviolably.  The  general  management  of  estates  is  undertaken,  while  insurances 
where  desired,  is  effected  with  an  intelligent  care,  and  the  services  of  the  house  thus  rendered  complete.  A  specialty  is  made  of  twelfth, 
twenty-third  and  twenty-fourth  ward  properties.  The  markedly  successful  principal,  who  is  a  young  man  of  New  York  City  birth,  is  only 
twenty-six  years  of  age.  and  the  prominence  he  has  already  won  in  his  profession— due  exclusively  to  his  own  energy  and  well-directed 
talents— gives  promise  of  placing  him  at  an  early  date  in  a  position  of  assured  pre-eminence. 


s 


JARMULOWSKY,  Banking,  Passage  and  Commission  House.  No.  54  Canal  Street.— A  private  banking  house  which  has  stood  the 
test  of  a  twenty-four  years  existence  is  that  of  Mr.  S.  Jarmulowsky,  a  firm  affiliated  with  others  at  Hamburg,  Bremen  and  Luebeck ; 
the  first  of  which  is  known  under  the  same  trading  title  as  that  in  this  city,  and  the  other  two  as  S.  Jarmulowsky  &  Co.    All  kinds  of 


lines,  the  firm  having  the  accredited  agency  for  the  North  German  Lloyd,  Union  Line.  Red  Star  Line.  Hamburg-American  Packet 
Company  and  others.  In  this  branch  of  its  business  no  pains  are  spared  to  ensure  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  its  clients,  and  in  all  mon- 
etary transactions  a  scrupulous  regard  to  strict  integrity  and  the  highest  code  of  commercial  honor  is  observed.  The  able  principal  is  a 
gentleman  of  middle  age,  of  Russian  birth,  whose  prolonged  residence  in  this  city  has  been  productive  for  him  alike  of  individual  popular- 
ity and  commercial  success. 

'W'T'OCH  &  DREYFUS,  Diamonds,  Watches  and  Jewelry,  No.  22  John  Street.— The  reliable  house  of  Koch  and  Dreyfus,  is  one  dating  its 
ly       foundation  back  to  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth  centurv,  and  counting  the  United  States,  South'America,  and  Canada  as  within  the 
I  1       scope  of  its  ordinary  transactions.    Trading  in  such  costly  articles  as  diamonds,  high-class  watches,  and  the  richest  of  jewelry,  the 
V    concern  has  the  services  of  fifteen  competent  employees  in  coping  with  the  enormous  business  it  does  over  the  far-reaching  field 
specified.    Its    place  of  business   is   at   No.    22   John    Street,    where    it    has    sumptuously  furnished    offices   and    handsomely 
appointed  show  rooms  2.5  x  60  feet  in  size,  and  where  a  very  heavy  stock  is  kept.     This  embraces  from  time  to  time  costly  consignments  of 
diamonds  of  the  first  water,  watches  of  various  makes,  of  approved  and  reliable  movement  only,  and  jewelry  of  the  newest  and  most  pleas- 
ing designs  and  fashioning.    For  the  due  and  careful  storing  of  these  the  firm  has  four  large  and  strong  safes.    The  principals  of  this  well- 
known  and  responsible  house  are  Messrs.  Nathan  Koch,  Leon  Dreyfus.  Jonas  Koch  and  Isaac  Pforzheimer,  all  active  in  the  business,  and  to 
whose  intimate  knowledge  of  every  feature  and  of  the  requirements  of  the  trade  is  due  the  large  measure  of   success  which  this  house 
has  achieved.    The  first  two  and  the  last  named  gentlemen  were  born  in  Germany,  and  have  each  resided  in  the  United  States  for  forty-five 
years,  while  Mr.  Jonas  Koch  is  of  American  birth.     Known  widely  in  their  business  capacity,  individually  also  these  gentlemen  are  prom- 
inent and  poi>ular  in  New  York  social  and  business  circles. 

HENRY  GINNEL  &  COMPANY,  Importers  and  Jobbers  American  and  Swiss  Watches,  Tools,  Materials,  Etc.,  No.  31  Maiden  Lane.— 
This  house  has  enjoyed  over  half  a  century  of  prosperity  in  the  position  of  an  ably  conducted,  entei'prising  and  reliable  house.  It 
was  established  in  1830  by  Henry  Ginnel.  who  is  still  at  the  head  of  the  firm,  and  long  since  saw  it  through  the  period  of  experimen- 
tal existence.  He  is  a  native  of  Switzerland,  the  land  that  is  scarcely  more  famous  for  its  love  and  defence  of  liberty  than  for  the 
watches  that  have  been  the  best  constructed  and  most  reliable  for  centuries.  He  is  a  substantial  and  respected  citizen,  a  Master 
Mason  and  also  a  master  in  his  business.  He  has  belonged  to  the  honored  fraternity,  in  which  he  holds  a  JMaster's  degree,  since  1841.  and  is 
among  the  oldest  in  the  city.  In  the  firm  is  his  son,  W.  S.  Ginnel.  who  was  to  the  manner  born :  and  F.  R.  Simmons,  a  son-in-law.  who  has 
the  family  talent  for  the  conduct  of  the  business  so  long  carried  on.  Both  are  driving,  capable  and  upright  young  men.  They  import 
largely  of  Swiss  watches,  doing  a  heavy  jobbing  trade  in  these  as  well  as  the  best  American  watches,  they  also  handle  the  finest  lines  of  jew- 
elers' tools  and  materials,  their  stock  in  every  department  being  large  and  valuable.  They  have  the  entire  .-second  floor  at  No.  31  Maiden 
Lane,  employ  six  competent  assistants  and  do  an  extensive  trade  throughout  the  countrv. 


HISTORY  AND  COiniERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  249 

fttTJGUSTISE  SinXH  &  CO.,  Paper  Manufacturers  and  Dealers.  Nos.  110  and  113  Nas-sau  Street.— New  York  boasts  of  several  concerns 
II      whose  history  covers  a  full  hundred  years,  notable  ainonx  them  being  that  of  Augustine  Smith  &  Co.,  paper  manufacturers  and 

I  I  dealers,  whose  office  and  warehouse  are  centrally  situated  at  No.  110  and  112  Nassau  Street,  with  factory  (the  old  Chelsea  mills), 
J  located  at  Norwicli.  Conn.,  and  which  can  trace  its  origin  directly  back  almost  to  tiie  first  decade  of  the  birth  of  the  Republic.    It  is, 

in  fact,  the  very  oldest  concern  in  tlie  line  indicated  in  this  country,  and  ever  since  the  year  ITST  has  been  a  factor  in  the  trade.  The 
firm,  which  is  a  representative  and  a  responsible  one,  makes  a  specialty  of  book  paper,  and  has  a  substantial  business  connection  extending 
all  over  the  United  States.  The  mill  is  a  capacious  and  well  equipped  plant,  and  a  large  force  of  help  is  there  employed,  the  daily  output 
being  about  fifteen  tons  of  paper.  The  business  premises  on  Nassau  Street,  which  have  been  occupied  by  this  time-honored  house  for  more 
than  fifty  years,  comprise  the  whole  of  a  33  x  SO  feet  four-story  building,  and  a  vast  and  varied  stock  of  printing  paper  is  constantly  carried 
on  hand  there,  while  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed.  All  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  of  book  paper  are  filled 
in  the  most  prompt  and  i-eliable  manner,  and  bottom  prices  are  quoted,  the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade,  and 
relations  once  established  with  this  vetei-an  concern  are  reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  a  permanent  business  connection.  The  jjresent 
co-partnership  consists  of  Messrs.  Augu.^tine  Smith,  Robert  H.  Tillson,  Edgar  Ryder  and  George  La  Monte,  all  gentletnen  of  middle 
age,  and  residents  of  New  York.  The  senior  member  has  been  a  partner  for  nearly  half  a  century,  and  the  others  being  admitted  in  the  order 
named.    BIr.  La  Jlonte  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  inventor  of  the  safety  paper  used  for  checks,  drafts,  bonds,  securities,  etc. 

-■-<    UCIUS  H.\RT  &  CO.,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Pig  Tin,  Antimony,  Pig  Lead,  Spelter,  Etc.,  No.  8  and  10  Burling  Slip.— This  is  one  of 
I   (®    '■''*  pioneer  importing  houses  of  tlie  metropolis,  and  is  one  of  the  and  best  known  establishments  of  the  kind  in  this  country.    It  was  in 
I   V     18^30  that  Lucius  Hart,  Sr.  (now  deceased),  inaugurated  this  business  on  a  comparatively  small  scale,  as  compared  to  the  operations  of 
to-day,  and  while  experiencing  all  the  phases  incidental  to  a  business  career  of  over  sixty-one  years,  the  house  has  ever  maintained  its 
high  reputation  for  being  responsible  and  reUable  in  all  its  business  engagements,  and  has  long  since  taken  rank  with  the  best  institu- 
tions of  New  York  City.    The  original  foimder,  in  the  course  of  time  and  nature,  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Lucius  Hart,  Jr.,  who  is  the  senior 
member  of  the  present  firm,  his  business  associate  being  C.  W.  Tarbell.    The  premises  occupied  for  business  purposes  comprise  two  spacious 
stores,  each  2o  x  T.">  feet,  at  the  above  address,  wherein  is  stored  and  in  part  displayed  a  heavy  and  varied  stock  of  the  firm's  chief  specialties 
in  heavy  metals  of  all  kinds,  such  as  pig  tin.  antimony,  pig  lead,  spelter,  ingot  copper,  bar  tin.  bar  lead,  bismuth,  nickel,  babbitt  metal, 
solder,  etc.    The  house  is  a  direct  importer  of  these  important  metals,  obtaining  their  supplies  from  the  best  sources  extant,  and  maintaining 
intimate  business  relations  with  every  section  of  this  country.    Of  the  personality  of  the  members  of  this  firm.  BIr.  Hart  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  and  is  a  gentleman  still  in  the  prime  and  vigor  of  active  manhood.    He  served  in  the  Civil  War,  and  is  an  honorable  member  of 
Lafayette  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  also  belonging  to  various  other  societies.    BIr.  Tarbell  is  a  native  of  New  England,  active  and  enterprising,  and  both 
lie  and  Mr.  Hart  are  highly  esteemed  in  all  circles  here. 

"-w-OHN  NIXON,  Glass  and  Crockery,  No.  %  Church  Street.— BIr.  John  Nixon  has  successfully  conducted  the  New  York  representation 
^..1  of  the  Fostoria  Glass  Company,  Fostoria,  O.,  since  1887,  and  that  of  Blessrs.  Thomas  Bladdock  &  Sons,  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  since  1888, 
V^  I      These  firms  are  well  known  throughout  the  county  as  being  among  the  best  manufacturers  of  china,  glass  and  crockeiT  that  the 

I  I      United  States  possesses,  a  fact  which  in  conjunction  with  the  energy,  entei-prise  and  long  experience  of  BIr.  Nixon,  has  enabled  this 

gentleman  to  establish,  as  he  has  done,  an  extensive  connection  for  the  manufacturers  he  represents  in  this  city  and  the  surrounding 
states.  He  does  most  of  his  own  traveling,  and  has  succeeded  in  securing  a  patronage  among  the  most  representative  users  in  the  territory 
the  trade  covers.  The  premises  are  fitted  with  every  convenience  for  attending  to  customers'  requirements,  and  transmitting  orders,  without 
delay,  to  the  Ohio  and  New  Jersey  factories.  BIr.  Nixon's  arrangements  with  these  are  so  complete  that  perfect  accuracy  and  promptitude 
are  ensured  in  carrying  out  the  instructions  of  patrons,  in  regard  to  both  ordinary  and  special  consignments.  BIr.  Nixon  is  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, having  resided  in  this  country  for  a  number  of  years. 

rj-w-UG.  F.  BR.\B.\NT.  Manufacturer,  Exporter  and  Wholesale  Dealer  in  Every  Description  of  Needles  and  Toilet  Pins,  United  States 
13      Office.  No.  .54  Warren  Street.— Mr.  Aug.  F.  Brabant  is  a  manufacturer,  exporter  and  wholesale  dealer  in  needles,  toilet  pins,  etc., 

II  with  factory  at  Redditch,  England,  and  whose  United  States  office  is  at  No.  M  Warren  Street  this  city,  and  with  agencies  also  in 
/  London,  England,  Paris,  France  and  Kingston,  Ontario.    BIr.  Brabant  was  born  in  Kingston,  Ontario,  but  has  resided  in  the  United 

States  since  boyhood.  He  estabhshed  himself  in  business  at  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  about  fourteen  years  ago  and  for  some  time  was  a 
dealer  exclusively,  buying  his  supplies  from  importers.  By  untiring  energy  and  conspicuous  ability  he  soon  built  up  an  extensive  trade,  and 
in  1881  moved  to  New  York  and  made  his  headquarters  here.  The  business  grew  to  such  proportions  that  in  order  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  largely  increased  and  increasing  demand,  he  found  it  necessai-y  to  engage  in  manufacturing  and  accordingly  established  a  factory  at 
Redditch,  England,  .some  four  years  ago  where  he  employs  forty  hands,  turning  out  six  million  needles  a  week.  The  Brabant  productions 
now  have  a  world-wide  reputiition  and  command  an  immense  sale  throughout  the  civilized  globe.  The  quarters  occupied  as  office  and  sales- 
room on  Warren  Street,  are  commodious  and  well  ordered  and  a  staff  of  eighteen  are  here  employed,  while  over  one  thousand  local  agents 
represent  the  house  throughout  the  American  continent.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  of  the  Brabant  production  is  constantly  carried  in 
stock  here,  including  besides  high  grade  needles  and  toilet  pins  of  every  size,  shape,  style  and  variety,  also  fancy  needle  cases  and  kindred 
novelties,  and  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner.  BIr.  Brabant,  who  exercises  immediate  supervision  over 
the  entire  system,  is  ably  seconded  in  the  management  of  the  business  by  his  five  brothers. 

VJ.  CORNELL,  General  Commission  Merchant,  Poultry,  Game  and  Western  Produce  Specialties,  No.  194  Reade  Street.— Of  the 
immense  bulk  of  poultry,  game  and  produce  specialties  generally,  which  the  great  west  steadily  pours  into  the  lap  of  New 
York,  no  inconsiderable  portion  finds  its  way  to  No.  194  Reade  Street,  the  present  able  proprietor  and  director  of  that  establish- 
•  ment  being  BIr.  W.  J.  Cornell,  a  general  produce  commission  merchant  of  high  repute.  The  business  was  established  in  the 
year  1800  by  BIr.  H.  S.  Worth  in  the  old  Washington  Market,  and  took  possession  of  the  present  eligible  quarters  in  1888,  and 
the  firm  began  trading  under  its  present  name  in  1889  upon  the  death  of  its  founder..  The  now  sole  proprietor  had  been  with  the  house  for 
fifteen  of  its  thirty  years  of  unbrokenly  prosperous  business,  and  had  been  a  member  of  the  firm  since  ISrr.  Hence,  with  all  of  the  numer- 
ous patrons  and  correspondents  of  the  house  his  name  was  closely  identified  with  its  best  traditions.  For  the  judgment  displayed  in  the  exe- 
cution of  commissions  in  domestic  and  foreign  fruits  and  the  strict  integrity  of  its  transactions,  as  well  as  the  great  promptitude  with  which 
its  patrons'  requirements  are  filled,  the  house  has  an  enviable  fame  which  attaches  to  it  also,  with  similar  and  equally  justified  pertinacity  in 
connection  with  its  dealings  in  berries  and  small  fruits,  of  which  it  makes  a  specialty,  and  in  its  far  reaching  trade  in  poultry,  game  and 
general  country  produce.  The  premises  at  Reade  Street  are  as  well  equipped  as  tliey  are  commodious,  and  so  equipped  as  to  permit  of  the 
storage  of  choice  produce,  etc.,  under  the  best  conditions,  on  the  one  hand,  and  of  its  expeditious  handling  on  the  other,  and  an  efficient  staff 
is  steadily  employed.  BIr.  Cornell  was  born  on  Long  Island  and  lives  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  is  highly  esteemed,  as  he  is  also  in  the  business 
■world  of  this  city. 


250  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

rr  w       H.  WHITING,  Broker,  Commission  Merchant,  Manufacturers'  Agent.  Purchasing  and  Forwarding  Agent,  No.  45  Broadway.— This 

£J        business  was  estabhshed  May  1,  1890,  under  the  style  of  broker,  commission  merchant,  manufacturer's  agent  and  purchasing 

f    I        and  forwarding  agent.    He  deals  in  insurance  brokerage,  real  estate,  effects  loans,  and,  in  short,  transacts  all  legitimate  business 

J  t'liat  falls  to  the  lot  of  high-class  brokers.     Mr.  Whiting  was  previously  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Whiting  &.  Holt,  and  was  engaged 

in  the  manufacturing  business  for  ten   years  before  he  entered  upon  his  present  calling,  and  from  188'2  to  1887  was  manager  of  the 

export  commission  house  of  Einil  Demorest  &  Co.    He  is  a  gentleman  of  correct  commercial  principles  and  a  loyal  observer  of  the  laws  of 

truth.    The  offices  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Whiting  are  neatly  arranged  on  the  ninth  floor  of  the  building.     He  is  a  man  of  sterhug  veracity  and  ability 

and  has  already  made  a  brilliant  beginning  which  gives  promise  of  a  solid  future  success. 

SCHALL  &  CO..  Importers.  Manufacturers  and  Jobbers  of  Articles  for  Confectioners.  Cake  Bakers,  Hotels,  Restaurants  and  Caterers, 
No.  61  Barclay  Street.— This  firm  are  extensive  importers,  manufacturers  and  jobbers  of  articles  for  confectioners,  cake  bakers,  hotels, 
restaurants  and  caterers.  The  business  was  founded  in  1850  by  Mr.  M.  Schall,  who  died  in  1868,  after  an  honorable  and  successful  busi- 
ness career,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  widow,  Mrs.  Mina  Schall,  who  admitted  her  brother,  Mr.  M.  Keppler  to  partnership  under  the 
present  firm  name.  The  business  premises  comprise  an  entire  five-story  building,  -^5  by  75  feet  in  dimensions,  divided  into  manufactur- 
ing and  sales  departments,  and  a  model  of  elegance,  taste  and  good  management  in  its  equipment  and  appointments.  The  salesrooms  on 
the  ground  floor  are  handsomely  fltted  up.  displaying  a  splendid  assortment  of  imported  confectioners  specialties,  such  as  candy  boxes  m 
the  form  of  frogs,  fish,  birds  and  otlier  animals;  while  on  the  next  floor  are  large  glass  cases  filled  with  cake  trimmings  of  every  descrip- 
tion, suitable  for  the  most  elaborate  wedding  parties,  banquets,  etc.  Here  are  to  be  secured  wedding  cake  and  table  ornaments,  sugar  and 
gum  paste,  roses,  flowers  and  leaves;  wedding  cake  boxes,  feathergrass,  orange  blossoms,  etc.;  costume  mottoes,  lace  papers  for  cakes, 
ornamenting  paper  and  tubes,  rubber  bags,  Breton's  vegetable  colors,  patent  composition  ornaments  and  toys,  ice  cream  glasses  and  plates, 
sugar  and  gum  paste  toys,  Christmas  tree  ornaments,  cornucopiiis,  glass  balls,  candles,  etc.:  ice  cream  machines  and  freezers,  candy 
machines,  essences  of  all  flavors,  molds  for  ice  cream,  toys,  pyramids,  Charlotte  Russe  and  jellies  in  lead,  tin,  copper  and  Plaster 
Paris;  Easter  eggs,  individual  lead  molds,  confectioners'  stoves,  kettles,  pallet  knives,  cake  knives,  and  all  kinds  of  tools  for  confectioners; 
icing  sugar.  French  glazed  fruits,  marons,  wafei'S,  pistachio  nuts,  silver  dragee,  vanilla  beans,  wax  paper  and  ice  cream  boxes,  raspberry, 
and  strawberry  juice,  fancy  boxes,  imitations,  etc.  This  firm  are  sole  agents  for  A.  Reiche's  chocolate  forms,  and  have  widespread  and 
influential  connections  with  manufacturers  in  England,  Germany  and  other  foreign  countries.  They  are  thus  enabled  to  supply  all  the  nov- 
elties in  foreign  goods  as  soon  as  they  are  put  upon  the  market,  while  as  designers  and  manufacturers  they  are  constantly  originating  new 
styles.  The  members  of  this  representative  firm  are  natives  of  Germany,  and  residents  of  this  city  for  many  years.  Mr.  Keppler  served 
his  apprenticeship  with  a  prominent  firm  of  caterers  and  confectioners,  and  was  in  the  business  for  himself  from  1852  until  '68,  when  he 
entered  the  present  firm.    He  was  seven  years  a  member  of  the  Eighth  Regiment  of  National  Guards. 

p|  I        SCHOVERLING,  Manufacturer's  Agent,,  Henri  Pieper,  Li^ge,  Belgium,  Manufacturer  of  Breech-loading  Guns,  Rifles,  Barrels,  Etc. 
fj        Nos,  97  and  99  Reade  Street.— Among  the  noted  European  gun  manufacturers  may  be  mentioned  the  name  of  Henri  Pieper,  of  Li6ge, 
f    I        Belgium,  who  is  represented  in  this  city  by  A.  Schoverling.    His  productions  have  been  on  the  market  for  upward  of  a  quarter  of 
/a  century.     The  Ijreech-loading  guns,  rifles,  barrels,  etc.  made  by  him  are  articles  of  distinct  merit,  being  unsurpassed  for  beauty  of 
design,  workmanship,  finish,  accuracy  or  other  feature  of  excellence  by  anything  of  the  kind  otTered  to  the  public;  and  of  their  supe- 
riority certainly  no  better  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the  extensive  sale  these  excellent  fire  arms  command.     Mv.  Sclioverling,  who  has 
been  manufacturer's  agent  for  these  productions  here  since  1885,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  but  an  old  resident  of  this  city.    He  is  a  man  of  thor- 
ough business  experience  in  this  line  as  well  as  entire  reliability  in  his  dealings,  and  his  trade,  which  extends  all  over  the  United  States,  is 
large  and  active,  the  quarters  occupied  as  office  and  salesroom  on  the  second  floor  of  Nos.  07  and  99  Reade  Street  are  spacious,  commodious, 
and  well  appointed,  and  an  efficient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed.    A  large  and  splendid  assortment  of  the  famous  "Pieper  " 
breech-loading  guns,  fowling  pieces,  rifles,  barrels,  stocks  and  kindred  articles  is  always  kept  on  hand,  and  all  ordersare  attended  to  in  the 
most  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner,  while  repairing  is  executed  for  the  trade  is  the  best  style  of  the  art  at  short  notice. 

STEPHEN  SWEET.  Notary  Public,  General  Real  Estate  and  Exchange  Agency,  No.  31  Park  Row.— Sir.  Stephen  Sweet,  real  estate  and 
loan  agent,  first  established  himself  in  this  business  and  insurance  in  1846  at  Troy,  having  formerly  been  engaged  in  teaching,  and  is 
therefore  one  of  the  oldest  life  and  fire  insurance  agents  in  the  United  States.  He  established  a  general  agency  office  in  Philadelphia 
in  1851,  in  addition  to  his  Troy  office,  and  had  charge  of  several  states  for  a  number  of  companies,  also  having  the  appointment  of  sub- 
agents.  He  moved  his  offfce  and  residence  to  Albany  from  Troy  shortly  afterwards,  and  for  many  years  did  a  very  extensive  busi- 
ness in  both  real  estate  and  insurance.  He  began  his  real  estate  business  in  New  York  in  18(')5.  For  about  ten  years  previous  to  moving  to 
New  York  he  and  his  partners  carried  on  a  large  business  through  the  Albany  and  Philadelphia  offices,  giving  especial  attention  to  real  estate 
and  loans  both  in  city  and  country,  including  western  and  southern  lands,  the  commissions  on  the  sales  made  of  western  lands  for  one  party 
amounted  to  the  sum  of  $85,000.  Owing  to  the  increase  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York  business  he  removed  to  his  coimtry  seat  near  New 
Brimswick  about  twenty  years  ago.  In  ]S4fi  his  father  died  leaving  a  large  estate  and  appointed  him  executor  which  circumstance  led  him 
into  the  real  estate  business,  thereby  shaping  his  long  and  successful  career.  For  several  years  Mr.  Sweet  carried  on  business  with  his  son-in- 
law,  Mr.  Virgil  Comfort,  under  the  firm  name  of  Sweet  &  Comfort,  and  since  that  time  conducting  his  business  alone  with  uninterrupted  suc- 
cess. He  is  prepared  at  all  times  to  transact  a  general  real  estate  business,  buying,  selling  and  renting  property,  and  makes  a  specialty  of 
renting.  Investors  can  rely  upon  his  sound  judgment  and  accurate  knowledge  of  values  in  making  purchases  of  realty  that  will  not  only 
afford  a  steady  income  but  almost  a  certainty  of  increase  in  value  in  the  near  future.  He  is  also  prepared  to  place  insurance  risks  with 
reliable  American  and  English  companies  at  the  very  lowest  rates.  i\Ir.  Sweet  is  thoroughly  qualified  to  conserve  the  interests  of  his 
patrons  and  enjoys  the  highest  reputation. 

TTTJ*       A.  ELIAS,  Broker  and  Commission  I\Ierchant,  Foreign  Green  and  Dried  Fruits  and  Wines.  Nos.  15  and  25  "SMiitehnll  Street,  Kemble 
/j^l         Building.— Though  Mr.  Elias  is  still  a  yoimg  man,  his  business  interests  are  extensive  and  he  is  firmly  established  in  the  confi- 
/        1        dence  of  a  large  and  desirable  trade  throughout  this  and  adjoining  states;  a  trade  that  is  bound  to  increase  under  the  same  judi- 
cious  and  honorable  management  that  has  thus  far  contributed  to  its  success.     In  addition  to  his  business  as  a  commission 
merchant  Mr.  Elias  is  agent  for  and  interested  in  the  Elias  Surgical  Felt  Manufacturing  Company,  which  is  an  important  and 
prosperous  enterprise.    He  has  been  engaged  in  the  commission  business  for  three  years  ms  neadquarters  during  all  that  time  being  in  the- 
Kemble  block  and  his  handsomely  equipped  office  in  room  No.  -tS.  second  floor.     His  brokerag'r  and  commission  business  is  confined  to  for- 
eign, green  and  dried  fruits,  produce  and  wines,  all  of  which  are  handled  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  market  and  regard  for  the  inter- 
ests of  his  principals.     He  is  in  daily  attendance  at  the  fruit  auctions,  and  with  the  advantage  thus  secured  pays  special  attention  to  purchas- 
ing on  brokerage  for  the  account  of  out-of-town  buyers.    The  cable  address  of  Mr  Elias  is  "  Olivewood."    He  has  exceptional  facihties  for 
the  successful  carrying  on  of  his  business,  the   benefits  thus   resulting  being  liberally  shared  by  patrons.    Mr.  Elias  is  a  life-long  New 
Yorker  and  a  reliable,  prompt,  energetic  business  man. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


asi 


PETER  G.  GRUBER,  Printer  and  Stationer,  No.  79  Nassau  Street.— The  boasted  power  of  the  press  is  by  no  means  limited  to  the  news- 
paper influence  whicli  it  makes  possible,  but  finds  a  field  scarcely  less  extensive  in  the  vast  amount  of  advertising  that  is  carried  on 
through  this  same  invaluable  agency.  Everything  from  the  largest  and  most  artistic  posters  to  the  smallest  and  most  delicate  cards, 
are  utilized  in  advertising  and  give  employment  to  the  many  job  piiuting  offices  established  to  meet  this  demand.  In  this,  as  in  every 
other  line  of  busine.ss,  those  who  do  the  most  satisfactory  work  are  assured  of  the  largest  patronage  and  hence  it  is  that  Peter  G. 
Gruber  of  No.  79  Nassau  Street,  hasso  e.-ctensive  and  desirable  a  trade  in  bis  general  line  of  business.  Though  only  established  in  1885  with 
a,  modest  outfit,  he  now  gives  constant  employment  to  five  men.  has  four  hundred  fonts  of  type,  has  five  first-class  hand  presses,  does  a  bus- 
ness  of  $5,000  per  year  and  makes  a  specialty  of  job  work,  besides  doing  newspaper  composition  and  all  lines  of  work  usually  turned  out 
from  a  first-class  establishment  of  this  character.  Mr.  Gruber  was  born  in  New  York,  learned  his  trade  in  every  branch,  has  kept  pace  with 
its  advancement  and  can  well  guarantee  the  best  class  of  work  to  those  who  seek  his  services.  All  orders  receive  prompt  attention  and  par- 
ticular care  is  taken  to  avoid  the  annoying  errors  which  too  often  mar  the  work  of  printing  houses  less  careful.  Jlr.  Gruber's  establishment 
is  25  X  25  feet  and  is  a  model  in  arrangement  as  well  as  equipment. 

r-w-       LEHNH ARDT,  Designer  and  Litho  Artist,  No.  14  Reade  Street.-  It  is  doubtful  if  within  the  entire  domain  of  activity  in  any  depart. 

-^  I  nient  of  industry,  science  or  art,  there  has  been  such  notable  and  marvelous  progress  during  recent  years,  as  in  the  lithographic 
\S^  I         and  kindred  branches.    Especially  is  this  true  in  regard  to  color  printing  and  lithographing,  in  which  discovery,  invention  and  im- 

II  •  provements  have  effected  a  degree  of  excellence  akin  to  perfection  itself.  A  comparatively  new  house  devoted  to  artistic  designing 
and  lithography  for  the  trade  in  New  York,  and  rapidly  winning  its  way  to  a  foremost  position  among  its  contemporaries  in  conse- 
quence of  high-class,  artistic  productions  and  liberal  business  methods  is  that  of  Mr.  A.  Lehnhardt,  whose  headquarters  are  centrally  located 
at  No.  14  Reade  Street.  Mr.  Lehnhardt  is  a  native  of  this  citj-,  a  young  man  of  superior  artistic  ability,  and  is  thoroughly  practical  and  expe- 
rienced in  all  branches  of  his  profession.  Desiring  to  embark  in  business  on  his  own  responsibility,  he  inaugurated  this  enterprise  in  1890  at 
No.  45  Warren  Street,  and  at  once  developed  a  very  large  and  influential  patronage  which  grew  to  such  proportions  that  in  order  to  meet  its 
demands  with  larger  quarters  and  increased  facilities  he  moved  to  bis  present  address  in  I\Iarch,  1891.  The  premises  occupied  are  spacious 
and  commodious,  comprising  a  second  floor,  and  admirably  arranged  for  business  purposes.  The  workroom  is  fully  equipped,  and  employ- 
ment is  given  a  full  force  of  thoroughly  skilled  and  experienced  artists  and  workmen.  Fine  lithographing  is  executed  here  in  all  its  branches 
in  the  very  highest  style  of  the  art,  special  attention  being  given  to  fine  color  work  and  engraving,  and  all  kinds  of  commercial  display  work. 
A  specialty  is  the  production  of  new,  original  and  unique  designs  for  advertising  purposes,  and  prices  are  always  reasonable,  Mr  Lehnhardt 
is  a  very  energetic,  pleasant  and  affable  gentleman,  prompt  and  reliable  in  his  dealings,  and  is  highly  respected  in  social  and  business 
circles. 

NATIONAL  BLANK  BOOK  CO.,  No.  76  Duane  Street.— This  flourishing  company  laid  the  foundations  of  its  business  in  the  year  1843, 
and  eighteen  years  ago  assumed  its  present  title,  Mr.  Henry  S.  Dewey,  being  its  president  and  Mr.  Frank  B.  Towne  its  treasurer. 
During  all  these  years  its  operations  have  been  developing  and  expanding  at  a  very  rapid  rate,  and  have  now  reached  proportions 
represented  by  the  labor  of  a  little  army  of  three  hundred  workmen,  augmented  by  the  provision  of  steam  driven  machinery  and 
appliances  of  a  truly  model  nineteenth  century  character.  This  staff  is  employed  at  Holyoke,  Massachusetts,  where  tlie  company 
has  a  huge  three-story  factory,  erected  especially  for  the  purposes  of  the  business,  and  stretching  over  a  large  area  of  groimd,  Mr.  Towne 
there  taking  charge  of  affairs,  and  having  the  whole  industrial  operations,  organized  in  a  most  perfect  manner,  promotive  of  the  production 
of  good  work,  and  consistently  competitive  prices.  In  this  city  the  offices  and  warerooms  consist  of  a  floor  and  basement,  each  30  x  80  feet  in 
size;  and  the  general  direction  of  the  business  is  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Dewey,  and  is  so  managed  as  to  promote  the  mercantile  prosperity  of  the 
company  in  every  particular,  and  to  serve  the  interests  of  its  patrons  in  an  unqualifiedly  satisfactory  manner,  the  completeness  of  the  stock 
carried  in  the  warehouse  greatly  facilitates  its  business. 

FA.  SMITH  &  CO.,  Produce  Commission  Merchants,  Florida  Fruit  a  Specialty,  No.  18  Gansevoort  Street.— The  produce  commission 
trade  of  this  city  is  one  of  its  important  commercial  factors  and  in  its  prosecution  will  be  found  profitably  engaged  some  of  the 
ablest  and  most  progressive  merchants.  .\  representative  and  prosperous  house  to  be  mentioned  in  this  connection  is  that  of  Messrs. 
•  F.  A.  Smith  &  Co.,  produce  commission  merchants  and  handlers  of  Florida  fruits  at  No.  18  Gansevoort  Street.  This  business  was 
started  in  November  1890  under  the  present  proprietorship  and  from  its  inception  the  business  has  been  characterized  by  a  steady 
and  substantial  growth,  suggestive  of  a  well  directed  and  enterprising  management.  The  premises  50  x  40  feet  in  size  are  arranged  systemat^ 
ically  and  in  the  general  style  best  suited  to  the  business,  while  the  appointment  of  the  estabhshment  includes  all  the  modern  conveniences  and 
facilities  tor  the  advantageous  handling  and  display  of  stock.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  natives  of  Florida,  and  with  the  exception  of  the 
manager  of  the  New  Y'ork  store— a  son  of  the  head  of  the  firm- still  reside  there  where  they  own  and  control  several  valuable  orange  groves. 
The  firm  make  a  specialty  of  Florida  fruit,  and  large  consignments  of  oranges  from  their  groves  are  daily  received  during  the  orange  season. 
Other  Florida  fruit  products  are  also  handled  extensively  and  the  extended  and  valuable  trade  connection  of  the  house  enables  it  to  promptly 
as  well  as  profitably  dispose  of  all  consignments.  The  establishment  is  already  a  favorite  source  of  supply  for  the  best  trade  and  the  prosper- 
ous business  is  continually  increasing  and  extending.  Mr.  Smith,  the  manager  of  the  store,  is  a  gentleman  thoroughly  conversant  with  all 
details  of  the  business  on  hand  and  ranks  among  the  representative  and  most  popular  city  merchants  in  his  line. 


HG.  R.\MSPERGER  &  CO..  Export  and  Im'port  Commission  Merchants.  Manufacturers,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Photographic 
Apparatus,  No.  180  Pearl  Street.— The  well-known  house  of  H.  G.  Ramsperger  &  Co.,  manu- 
facturers, importers  and  dealers  in  photographic  apparatus,  also  general  export  and  import 
•  commission  merchants  was  established  several  years  ago  by  Mr.  Ramsperger,  under  whose 
active  and  able  managment  it  has  had  from  the  start  a  steady  and  substantial  growth.  The 
premises  occupied  consist  of  a  loft  at  the  above  address.  The  firm  are  large  importers  of  photographic 
apparatus,  cameras,  shutters,  etc.,  etc.,  specialties  being  made  of  the  celebrated  "  Steinheil  "  lenses  for 
which  the  house  has  the  sole  agency,  the  "Aladdin"  or  dark  room  lamps,  and  the  "safety"  flash 
igniter.  Special  attention  is  also  given  to  completing  outfits  for  photo-mechanical  establishments.  A 
large  and  comprehensive  stock  of  the  goods  and  apparatus  mentioned  is  carried  and  the  house  has  long 
been  a  popular  source  of  supply  in  this  connection.  Messrs.  Ramsperger  &  Co.  also  do  an  extensive 
export  and  import  commission  business  in  general  merchandise  and  have  connections  in  several  Euro- 
pean as  well  as  Central  and  South  American  countries.  They  import  and  keep  a  large  stock  of  raw  amber, 
ambroid  and  meerschaum  for  pipe  manufacturers  use  and  ship  American  manufactures'  and  produce  on 

export  orders  from  abroad.    The  house's  trade  extends  throughout  the  country.    Mr.  Ramsperger  has  lived  many  years  abroad  but  is  a. 
native  of  this  city  and  an  enterprising  and  highly  respected  merchant. 


252 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


THE  BARNEY  DUMPING  BOAT  COMPANY,  No.  310  Broadway,  Rooms  B  and  C— Tlie  Barney  Automatic  Dumping  Boat  can  be 
justly  considered  as  one  of  the  important  inventions  of  the  age.  It  is  manufactured  by  the  Barney  Dumping  Boat  Company  whose 
headquarters  are  at  No.  319  Broadway.  This  boat  was  invented  in  1879,  and  has  overcome  all  the  difficulties  heretofore  attending 
the  dumping  of  street  sweepings,  garbage,  refuse  material  and  ashes  at  sea.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  1880.  under  the 
laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey,  with  a  cajiital  stock  of  $1,000,000,  and  is  officered  as  follows,  viz:  "Wm.  Trumbull,  president;  Thos. 


J.  Davis,  vice-president;  DeWitt  C.  Ivins,  secre- 
the  cities  along  our  sea  and  lake  shores  a  methotl 
at  comparatively  small  expense.  These  boats  are 
der  and  are  able  with  perfect  safety  to  go  to  sea  in 
hulls  or  pontoons  which  extend  their  entire  length; 
heavy  bridges,  fastened  at  the  sides  by  strong  hinges 
pontoons  which  slope  downward  from  their  upper 
they  meet.  The  storage  room  extends  nearly  from 
space  is  comprised  in  one  apartment.  90  feet  long, 
-along  our  watering  places  being  littered  with  garbage 
the  bathing  grounds.  The  material  can  if  necessary, 
-at  the  bottom.    Two  men  are  all  that  are  required  to 


tary  and  treasurer.  This  company  now  offers  to 
which  solves  the  question  of  clean  and  healthy  streets 
built  with  sharp  bows  and  rounded  sterns,  with  rud- 
Ibe  heaviest  weather.  They  are  constructed  with 
they  are  secured  at  both  ends  and  in  the  middle  with 
to  the  pontoons.  The  carrying  space  is  between  the 
and  outward  edge,  inward  toward  the  keel,  whei^e 
eud  to  end  of  the  vessel,  and  is  V  shaped.  The  entire 
With  these  boats  there  is  no  possibility  of  the  shore 
and  other  material,  defiling  the  water  and  destroying 
in  summer  be  taken  ten  miles  to  sea,  and  there  placed 
manage  one  of  these  vessels,  carrying  750  cubic  yards 


■of  material;  smaller  boats  may  with  perfect  safety  be  handled  by  one  man.  The  load  can  be  dumped  and  the  boat  thoroughly  washed  in 
ten  minutes.  These  vessels  may  be  built  of  any  required  size  from  one  hundred  tons  to  one  thousand.  The  city  of  New  York  has  been  using 
these  boats  for  years  with  perfect  success;  they  have  never  failed  to  perform  their  work  and  at  a  saving  of  ;J0  per  cent,  over  the  old  method. 
"Fourteen  are  now  in  the  employ  of  this  city  in  the  street  cleaning  department;  two  are  used  by  the  Boston  Board  of  Health,  two  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  one  in  London,  England,  and  others  are  scattered  over  the  world.  They  have  been  thoroughly  tested  at  sea  in  heavy  as  well  as  light 
weather  and  have  proved  perfect  \inder  all  circumstances.  The  company  guarantee  every  boat  to  do  the  work  represented.  The  president 
■of  the  company,  Mr.  Trumbull,  is  one  of  the  best  known  citizens  of  the  metropolis,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  in  the  management 
of  the  New  Y'ork  Hospital,  a  director  of  the  Continental  Bank,  a  member  of  the  Union  Club  and  honored  and  esteemed  in  both  public  and 
private  life.  Mr.  Davis,  the  vice-president  is  a  director  of  the  Citizens  National  Bank  and  a  well-known  member  of  the  Union  League  Club. 
Mr.  Ivins,  the  secretary  has  the  management  of  the  company's  office  and  is  an  accomphshed  official  and  popular  business  man. 

BERGER  &  WIRTH.  Manufacturers  of  Lithographic  and  Printing  Inks,  Edwin  Bock,  Manager,  No.  190  William  Street.— This  firm  are 
extensive  manufacturers  of  lithographic  and  printing  inks,  fine  dry  colors,  collotype,  book-binders'  gloss  ink  and  Victoria  roller 
composition,  making  a  specialty  of  dry  colors  and  inks  for  all  graphic  branches.  The  "  United  Color  Works,"  owned  and  operated 
by  fliessrs.  Berger  &  Wirth  and  Frey  &  Sening  are  located  in  Leipzig,  Germany,  where  the  business  was  founded  in  1823.  The  firm  is 
composed  of  Messrs.  Paul  Berger,  Robert  Waldbaur  and  Eniil  Worlibzer.  The  New  York  house  was  opened  in  1887,  and  is  in  charge 
■of  Mr.  Edwin  Bock  as  manager  for  the  United  States  and  Canada.  He  was  the  pioneer  in  the  introduction  of  many  of  the  most  brilliant  com- 
binations of  colored  inks  and  standard  blacks.  The  business  has  grown  rapidly  in  this  country  from  the  start,  and  the  policy  of  the  house 
has  never  permitted  "  fancy  prices  "  for  fancy  colors  or  inks.  The  manufacturers  control  lumierous  valuable  formulas,  recipes  and  processes 
exclusive  to  their  works,  resulting  in  the  production  of  dry  colors  and  inks  of  incomparable  superiority  for  all  the  graphic  branches.  First- 
class  lithograph  and  printing  houses  without  exception  prefer  these  goods  on  their  merits.  They  are  used  by  all  the  newspapers  in  Ger- 
many, by  the  United  States  Government,  in  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing,  by  "  Puck  "  and  other  leading  publications  in  New  York, 
And  received  the  gold  medal  at  Melbourne,  Australia.  Mr.  Bock,  the  manager,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  a  resident  of  this  country  since  1873, 
and  an  able  and  experienced  business  man.  The  firm  of  Berger  &  Wirth  have  recently  bought  another  factory  in  Florence,  Italy,  and  have 
branches  in  Berlin,  London  and  I\Ioscow. 

r-w-  OHNSON  PEERLESS  WORKS,  No.  44  Beekman  Street.— The  celebrated  Johnson  Peerless  Works,  whose  New  York  headquarters  are 
-.  I  located  at  No.  44  Beekman  Street,  with  factory  at  Palmyra,  N.  Y.,  were  originally  established  thirty  years  ago,  and  in  1889  the  pres- 
V^  I  ent  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  witli  Henry  Johnson,  president;  G.  G.  Dudley,  treasurer.  The 
(^  I  manufacturing  plant  at  Palmyra  is  thoroughly  extensive,  splendidly  equipped  and  gives  steady  employment  to  two  hundred  skilled 
hands.  The  "  Peerless  "  has  long  been  recognized  as  combining  in  the  most  thorough  manner,  the  best  improvements  in  job  press 
building,  including  many  patented  devices  peculiar  to  this  house.  The  management  has  always  claimed  that  the  best  was  the  cheapest,  and 
their  aim  has  consequently  been  to  give  the  practical,  artistic  and  enterprising  printer  a  job  press  having  perfection  in  every  detail  that  will 
produce  the  best  quality  of  work,  and  which  possesses  every  requisite  for  both  a  money-saver  and  a  money-maker.  In  the  "  Peerless  "  they 
have  produced  such  a  press  and  offer  it  to  the  trade  and  craft  with  the  utmost  confidence,  after  testing  several  thousand  of  them  for  many 
years  in  the  best  printing  offices  in  the  world.  To  meet  the  demand  for  job  presses  at  lower  prices,  they  also  build  the  Jewel,  Clipper  and 
Ben-FrankUn-Gordon,  which,  with  the  "Peerless."  makes  sufficient  variety  of  styles  and  prices  to  meet  any  requirements  of  the  market. 
In  paper  cutters,  both  lever  and  power,  they  challenge  the  entire  trade  to  produce  a  more  satisfactory  and  successful  line  of  machine;  than 
those  built  by  these  works  and  now  being  used  by  printers,  book-binders  and  others,  all  over  this  and  other  countries  of  the  world.  They 
also  manufacture  many  specialties  for  printers'  use,  including  the  Peerless  steel  quoins,  which  they  believe  to  be  without  question  the  best 
finished  and  safest  metal  quoin  in  use,  the  Peerless  safe  benzine  can,  with  self-locking  stopper;  also  parallel  gauges,  to  be  used  on  paper 
cutters  for  cutting  narrow  margins.  Both  as  regards  materials  and  workmanship  the  goods  of  the  Johnson  Peerless  Works  command  the 
highest  encomiums  of  printers.    The  trade  is  immense  and  influential  throughout  the  United  States. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  353. 

CHAS.  COHEN,  Commission  Jlercliant  iu  Poultry,  Ciame,  Etc.,  No.  06  Vesey  Street.— A  department  of  commerce  in  whicli  New- 
York  stands  pre-eminently  in  advance  ot  any  other  business  mart  in  the  Union,  is  that  represented  by  its  commission  houses. 
These  are  to  be  found  here  iu  vast  numbers,  and  all  presenting  claims  of  a  more  or  less  meritorious  character.  Not  only  the 
producing  sections  of  the  United  States,  but  also  the  fruitful  lields  of  foreign  countries  are  laid  tribute  to  iu  order  to  meet  the 
extensive  demand  that  continually  exists  for  food  products  for  consumption  by  the  millions  ot  people  whose  homes  are  in  New- 
York  and  the  surrounding  cities.  One  of  the  oldest  ot  the  most  prominent  aud  popular  establishments  engaged  in  this  industry  is 
that  ot  Chas.  Cohen,  ot  No.  UG  Vesey  Street,  which  has  been  in  continuous  prosperous  operation  for  the  past  quarter  century.  It  is  in 
high  favor  with  purchasers  of  poultry  and  game,  and  the  best  the  market  affords  in  this  line  may  at  all  times  be  obtained  here  at 
lowest  prevailing  prices.  Mr.  Cohen  established  this  business  iu  18(55,  and  by  diligent  and  careful  supervision  of  the  goods  handled 
soon  secured  a  trade  that  has  gradually  increased  till  he  controls  one  of  the  leading  houses  in  the  city.  Being  always  anxious  to  please 
his  patrons  and  furnish  them  with  a  superior  grade  of  all  kinds  of  fresh  poultry  and  all  kinds  of  game  in  their  season,  he  is  favored 
with  the  trade  ot  the  best  hotels  and  restaurants  iu  the  city,  and  also  the  leading  steamboat  lines  and  boarding  houses,  all  of  which  he  sup- 
plies at  the  shortest  notice,  the  orders  being  delivered  free  ot  charge  to  any  part  of  the  city.  Mr.  Cohen  gives  close  personal  supervision  to 
his  business,  and  can  be  found  early  and  late  at  his  place  of  business,  receiving  fresh  consignments  and  looking  after  his  patrons'  best  interests, 
and  he  well  deserves  the  success  he  ha-s  achieved  in  this  line.  Ot  German  birth,  Mr.  Chas.  Cohen,  who  is  a  gentleman  forty-one  years  of 
age,  and  a  notably  active  business  man,  is  held  in  very  high  esteem,  alike  in  business  and  social  cii'cles,  he  being  a  valued  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  associated  with  numerous  other  important  social  organizations. 

EASTERN  HOTEL,  John  H.  Betts,  Proprietor,  Nos.  59-M  Whitehall  Street.— The  oldest  establishment  ot  its  kind  in  its  section  ot  the  city 
is  the  "  Eastern  Hotel,"  and  it  is  only  comr.-.on  justice  to  add  that  it  is  one  of  the  best  managed  of  those  conducted  on  the  European 
plan.  Forty  years  ago  this  was  a  prominent  and  popular  house  of  entertainment  and  resort,  and  the  able  conduct  of  affau-s  for  the 
past  tweuty-two  years  under  its  present  capable  and  genial  proprietor,  Mr.  John  H.  Betts,  has  been  potent  in  the  maintenance  ot  its 
old-time  prestige.  The  hotel  is  commandingly  situated  at  the  foot  of  Broadway,  at  its  junction  with  South  Street,  and  is  oppo- 
site South,  Hamilton  and  Staten  Island  ferries,  occupying  Nos.  59,  (50,  (51,  6S,  6.')  and  (M  Whitehall  Street  and  Nos.  1  aud  3  South  Street,  and  is- 
an  old  landmark',  some  of  the  furniture  having  been  used  by  Daniel  Webster,  that  illustrious  gentleman  having  started  his  coachman,  Mr. 
G.  B.  Hunt,  in  the  hotel  business  on  this  site,  aud  which  was  conducted  by  Mr.  Hunt  for  many  years.  Internally,  the  place  is  as  attractive 
as  its  location  is  prominent,  its  seventy-flve  light  and  airy  rooms  being  all  sumptuously  furnished.  On  the  first  floor  it  has  a  spacious  and 
elegantly  fitted  saloon ;  a  large  and  well  arranged  restaurant  and  a  barber's  shop,  the  restaurant  and  dining  room  having  a  total  seating  ac- 
commodation available  tor  three  hundred  persons  at  one  time.  Most  painstaking  attention  is  paid  to  this  department;  the  menage  and  ser- 
vice alike  being  of  the  very  best,  aud  the  viands  set  before  patrons  the  choicest  which  each  season  in  turn  affords.  No  less  can  justly  be  said 
ot  the  provisions  for  the  comfort  of  the  guests  residing  in  or  temporarily  visiting  the  hotel;  a  staff  of  forty  employees,  all  told,  being  retained 
to  insure  that  no  reasonable  wish  of  a  guest  should  remain  unsatisfied.  For  all  this  the  rates  charged  are  strictly  moderate,  $1.50  to  S''.00  per 
night  being  charged  for  commodious  double  rooms,  aud  To  cents  to  $1.00  for  single  rooms;  while  the  price  ot  the  various  aliments  and  re- 
freshments dispensed  is  on  the  same  scale,  though  scrupulous  regard  is  paid  to  high  quality.  Mr.  Betts,  who  is  of  middle  age,  is  of  English 
birth,  but  has  resided  for  thirty -five  years  in  this  city,  where  he  is  highly  esteemed,  as  he  is  also  by  citizens  iu  all  parts  of  the  country  who 
have  patronized  the  hotel  from  tune  to  time. 

PA.  JE.\NNERET  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  ot  Gold  Watch  Cases,  Nos.  T5  and  77  Nassau  Street.— One  ot  the  most  interesting,  if  not 
one  of  the  most  important  branches  of  the  great  watch-making  industry  of  the  country,  is  the  manufacture  of  gold  watch  cases;  a 
trade  which  is  carried  on  to  a  very  large  extent  iu  this  city,  aud  prominent  in  which  is  the  house  of  Messrs.  P.  A.  Jeanneret  &  Co., 
•  situated  at  Nos.  75  and  77  Nassau  Street.  This  business  was  founded  in  1&40  by  a  31r.  A.  Guinand,  who  retired  from  active  life  in 
1875,  surrendering  the  business  to  Mr.  E.  A.  Jeanneret.  In  18&4,  the  present  proprietors  succeeded,  viz. — Mr.  Louis  Hilbert  and  Mr.  P. 
A.  Jeanneret,  and  by  dint  of  close  application  to  the  affairs  of  the  concern,  have  succeeded  in  estabhshing  a  general  and  local  trade  ot  great 
magnitude.  Besides  the  manufacture  of  gold  watch  cases  of  every  pattern  and  design,  they  undertake,  as  their  specialty,  the  execution  of 
raised  gold  ornamenting  on  bos  cases.  The  work  they  turn  out  is  of  the  very  finest  and  most  artistic  description ;  they  having  to  do  some 
ot  the  most  diflicult and  intricate  work  for  the  best  class  ot  American  made  and  imported  Swiss  watches.  The  business  is  conducted  in 
every  detail  under  the  personal  superintendence  of  the  two  principals,  who  for  originality  of  design  and  excellence  of  execution  are  not  to  be 
excelled.  The  firm's  factory  at  Nos.  75  and  77  Nassau  Street,  consists  of  a  large  Hoor  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  fitted  in  the  most 
approved  fashion  with  steam-power,  presses,  lathes  and  all  other  necessary  machinery.  The  trade  has  assumed  such  large  propor- 
tions that  the  average  sales  for  the  past  tew  yeai-s  amount  to  over  $60,000  annually,  and  the  work  to  be  got  through  necessitates  the  steady 
employment  of  twenty-six  experienced  workmen,  who  are  all  picked  experts  and  capable  of  undertaking  the  highest  class  ot  work.  A  large 
stock  is  always  on  hand,  comprising  some  ot  the  most  elegant  specmiens  of  the  firm's  productions.  They  have  a  big  safe  of  the  most 
approved  pattern,  which  acts  as  a  general  receptacle  for  the  stock  and  valuable  trade  requisites.  5Ir.  Louis  Hilbert  is  a  native  ot  thia 
city,  whereas  his  partner,  Mr.  Jeanneret,  was  born  in  Switzerland,  having  come  to  this  country  in  1859.  Both  gentlemen  are  very  popu- 
lar in  the  business  world,  and  in  social  circles  are  looked  up  to  with  much  admiration  and  respect. 

E  NEWTON'S  SONS,  Importers  of  Rattan  and  Manufacturers  ot  Chair  Cane,  Rattan  Reeds,  Rattan  and  Reed  Winding,  Etc.,  No.  371 
Pearl  Street.— One  ot  the  most  widely  known  establishments  in  this  busy  section  of  the  metropolis  connected  with  the  importation 
ot  rattan  for  manufacturing  purposes  is  operated  by  the  house  of  E.  Newton's  Sons,  and  is  located  at  No.  371  Pearl  Street.  The 
•  business  was  founded  in  1858  by  Mr.  Edmund  Newton,  who  died  in  1881,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  sons,  F.  D.  Newton  and  G.  W. 
Newton,  who  constituted  the  firm  up  to  1889,  when  Jlr.  G.  W.  Newton  retired  from  business,  Jlr.  F.  D.  Newton  continuing  under  the 
same  name.  The  house  does  a  most  extensive  and  important  business  as  importers  of  rattan  and  manufacturers  of  all  classes  and  descrip- 
tions of  chair  canes,  rattan  reeds,  rattan  and  reed  winding  and  a  full  line  of  kindred  goods.  The  factory  connected  with  this  flourishing 
enterprise  is  located  at  Wakefield,  5Iass.,  and  is  a  large  and  well  appointed  establishment.  It  is  supplied  throughout  each  department  -with 
steam-power,  provided  with  an  equipment  of  the  utmost  efficiency,  and  furnishes  constant  employment  to  a  staff  of  between  two  and  three 
hundred  hands.  The  house  keeps  three  or  four  competent  traveling  men  always  on  the  road,  and  the  resources  of  the  establishment  are 
fully  adequate  to  meet  any  demand  or  requirement  of  the  trade.  The  business  connections  of  the  house  extend  all  over  the  United  States 
and  the  products  of  the  house  are  of  national  repute  and  popularity.  The  gentleman  who  owns  and  conducts  this  reliable  and  prosperous 
establishment  is  a  native  ot  Massachusetts,  and  has  evinced  an  exceptional  capacity  and  an  industry  which  has  firmly  established  the  house 
in  the  esteem  and  respect  ot  all  who  know  it,  while  the  honorable  dealing  and  just  principles  upon  which  its  commercial  transactions  are 
based  have  materially  increased  its  popularity  and  respect. 


254 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


VM.  F.  ELLIS,  Machinist,  Manufacturer  of  the  New  Improved  Patent  Ellis  Backing  Machine,  No.  174  Centre  Street.— One  of  the  best 
known  and  most  successful  houses  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  machinery  in  New  York  is  that  of  Mr.  William  F.  Ellis,  whose 
shop  is  eligibly  located  at  No.  1T4  Centre  Street.  Mr.  Ellis,  after  many  years  of  practical  experience  as  a  machinist,  started  in 
business  here  on  his  own  account  fifteen  years  ago,  since  which  time  he  has  succeeded,  by  paying  strict  attention  to  the  require- 
ments of  his  trade  and  turning  out  flrst-class  work  at  moderate  prices,  in  building  up  a  large  and  flourishing  trade.  A  specialty 
is  made  of  book  binderi'  machinery  of  every  description.  The  Ellis  backing  machine,  of  which  Mr.  Ellis  is  the  inventor  and  sole  manufac- 
turer, has  attained  an  enviable  reputation  for  superiority  aniong  the  book  binding  trade  and  is  in  general  use  throughout  the  United  States. 
He  also  carries  on  the  business  of  a  general  machinist  and  pays  special  attention  to  repairs,  which  are  promptly  executed  in  the  most  satis- 
factory manner.  Constant  employment  is  given  to  six  skilled  hands,  and  as  Mr.  Ellis  gives  his  personal  supervision  to  all  the  operations  ot 
the  establishment  he  is  enabled  to  guarantee  that  all  work  will  be  executed  in  a  strictly  flrst-class  manner.  He  is  a  native  of  Vermont,  and 
is  generally  esteemed  throughout  the  community  as  an  enterprising,  liberal  and  honorable  business  man. 


>-»"       B.  LYON  &  Co.,  Commission  Merchants  in  Domestic  Fruits  and  Produce,  Nos.  85  to  30  Thirteenth  Avenue,  Corner  of  Loew  Avenue 
_  I  and  Broomfleld  Street.— An  old  established  and  reliable  house  in  the  fruit  trade  in  this  city  is  that  of  Messrs.  J.  B.  Lyon  &  Co., 

IS'  I  commission  merchants  in  oranges,  lemons,  berries,  peaches  and  fancy  fruits  generally  at  Nos.  23  to  30  Thirteenth  Avenue,  corner 

If  •  of  Loew  Avenue  and  Broomfleld  Street.  This  well-known  house  was  founded  in  1873,  and  under  the  influence  of  an  active,  able 
and  popular  management,  has  maintained  from  the  start  a  representative  status  in  the  city  trade.  The  premises  occupied  are 
systematic  and  convenient  in  arrangement,  and  the  general  complete  appointment  includes  aU  the  modern  facilities  for  prosecuting  the 
business  to  advantage.  The  house  does  a  heavy  wholesale  business  in  foreign  and  domestic  fruits  of  all  kinds,  making  a  specialty  of  the 
Hnest  or  "  fancy  "  grades.  During  the  winter  foreign  fruits  are  largely  handled,  the  house  making  direct  importations  in  this  connection. 
The  trade  is  both  large  and  extensive  and  the  general  business  is  ot  most  prosperous  annual  aggregate.  Messrs.  Lyon  &  Co.,  are  so 
widely  and  popularly  known  that  any  extended  notice  would  be  superfluous.  Then-  house  is  a  recognized  leader  and  they  are  generally 
respected  as  representative  merchants  in  the  city  fruit  trade. 


WILLIAM  E.  BROWNE  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Paints  and  Colors,  No.  36  Burling  Slip.— The  old  established  business  houses  of  New 
Y'ork  are  the  ever  present  reminders  of  the  prosperity  and  stability  that  her  superior  commercial  advantages  offer  to  those  who 
have  the  ability  and  perseverance  to  properly  avail  themselves  of  such  advantages.  It  is  the  strong  and  substantial  houses  that 
survive,  while  the  weaker  and  less  reliable  go  to  the  wall.  A./illiam  E.  Browne  &  Co.,  established  their  business  in  1850  and  it  has 
had  an  uninterrupted  run  of  prosperity  through  nearly  half  a  century's  connection  with  the  trade.  They  import  largely  in 
paints  and  colors  as  well  as  in  the  minerals  for  making  these  articles.  They  are  prepai'ed  to  fill  all  orders  promptly  and  satisfactorily,  as 
among  their  base  of  supplies  is  an  immense  factory,  covering  half  a  block,  provided  with  all  the  essentials  in  the  manufacture  of  dry  paints 
and  colors,  in  which  a  large  force  of  competent  workmen  is  employed.  The  patronage  of  the  house  includes  the  best  of  the  trade  throughout 
the  country,  its  goods  maintaining  the  highest  standard  ot  excellence  and  enjoying  a  deserved  popularity.  They  have  a  pleasant  and  hand- 
somely fitted  office  at  No.  96  Burling  Slip,  where  all  orders  are  received  and  business  of  the  house  transacted.  Mr.  Browne,  the  head  of  the 
firm,  is  a  native  New  Yorker  and  business  man  whose  sterling  business  qualities  best  appear  in  the  successful  business  «  hich  he  has  con- 
ducted for  the  past  forty  odd  years. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


255 


BAKER  TRANSFER  COMPANY,  Trucking,  Forwarding  anil  (ienenil  Merchandise  Delivery,  No.  194  C'tiandiere  Street.— The  Baker 
Transfer  Company,  which  has  already  become  what  miirht  almost  be  described  as  an  institution  of  the  city,  was  incorporated  as  a 
company  in  the  year  1884,  with  a  capital  of  SIO.OOO.  In  the  few  years  which  have  elapsed  it  has  justified  the  prescience  of  it 
founders  by  demonstrating  that  the  services  it  then  proposed  to  render  wei'e  such  as  were  in  great  request  b.v  large  traders  and  ship- 
pers, the  demands  which  have  been  regularly  made  upon  its  resom-ces  having  been  such  as  a  thoi'oughly  well  organized  and  ably 
managed  company  could  alone  have  met,  with  the  pi-omptness  which  is  so  necessary  in  business  and  which  have  been  so  distinctive  of  its 
career.  The  headquarters  of  its  business  are  at  No.  194  Chambers  Street,  and  it  has  a  down-town  branch  at  No.  39  S.  William  Street.  From 
these  trucking,  forwarding  and  general  merchandise  delivery  is  undertaken,  and  special  attention  is  given  to  custom,  public  store  and  goods 
in  bond.  For  the  faithful  and  expeditious  discharge  of  these  functions  the  company  is  remarkably  strongly  equipped,  it  having  fifty  hoi'ses, 
and  employing  about  seventy  or  one  hundred  men  according  to  the  exigencies  of  business.  Its  stables  at  are  Nos.  57  and  59  Thompson  Street, 
and  the  provision  for  the  care  of  its  animals  convey  a  true  idea  of  the  thoroughness  with  which  all  its  affairs  are  managed,  and  a  business 
is  done  locally  in  all  kinds  of  hauling  which  reaches  an  immense  yearly  aggregate  in  value.  The  executive  officers  are  Mr.  J.  H.  G.  Baker, 
president  of  the  company,  Mr.  Vi.  F.  Baker  is  the  secretary  and  ti'easurer,  and  under  the  active  and  able  management  of  these  gentlemen, 
the  compan3''s  affairs  flourish  at  an  ever  increasing  rate.  Both  the  gentlemen  named  have  won  for  themselves  golden  opinions  from  the 
large  number  of  prominent  citizens  with  whom  they  are  brought  into  contact. 


PROF.  MAYER,  Oculist  and  Optician,  No.  Gil  Broadway,  corner  Houston  St.,  formerly  No.  2  Astor  House.— Perfect  sight  is  one  of  the 
greatest  blessings  that  can  fall  to  the  ^^^SSSS^S^^^  lot  of  a  human  being.  But  it  is  equally  a 
blessing  to  know  that  if  the  eyesight  /^^  ^^i  does  fail,  a  clever  oculist  and  optician  like 
Prof.  Slayer  of  No.  Gil  Broadway,  cor.  ^^-^--/^^  j^^'^—^  Houston  St.,  can  correct,  restore  and  pro- 
tect it.  This  gentleman  has  been  rec-  y''^^^^^^\/'^^^%^^>^^^^^^^*>^  ognized  as  one  of  the  I'eliable  and  leading 
oculists  and  opticians  of  New  Y'ork,  being  in  J^^^^^um^^^\  //VW  /  3^^'^"^^£v\.  that  business  since  187.3.  Prof.  Mayer  is 
the  sole  proprietor  oi  one  of  the  finest  ^'etail  iV^-jp^W^p  ^^  11  f/  V\  |  -«#  ft^W%)?\  optical  stores  in  New  York.  A  native  of 
Germany,  he  has  been  in  America  thirty-fiv.-  jps^^^^^,^'/  /  Y  \^-^,_^^^^\3^)  years,  twenty-five  years  of  which  he  has 
given  to  the  study  of  the  eye.  its  erroi-s  Jiutl*^^  '  '■  ^^-■^^*^  n^^^  /  refractions,  and  the  correction  of  all  de- 
fects of  the  sight  by  glasses.  He  makes  a  spec- ^ "■  '*-«-ii=!»<^'<!fe\^^^  ialty  of    astigmatism    and    complicated 

cases,  giving  free  examination  and  consulta  Ny^^tion.    He  is  also  the  sole  agent  for  Le- 

mairs's  celebrated  rock  crystal  glasses,  which  ^^^uever  tire  the  eyes  and  last  for  years  with- 

out change.    Professor  Mayer  is  also  the  in-  ventor  of  many  important  optical  instru- 

ments and  glasses,  one  of  which  is  the  achromatic  bifocal  lenses,  by  means  of  which  adjustments  for  near  or  far  vision  are  perfected  as  they 
can  be  in  no  other  way.    He  is,  withal,  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  best  opticians  and  oculists  in  New  York  to-day. 

Special  Notice.— The  following  will  enable  persons  to  decide  for  themselves  whether  their  eyes  require  optical  assistance.  1.  When  the  eyes 
water,  or  become  so  fatigued  by  short  exercise,  as  to  be  obliged  to  be  frequently  closed,  or  relieved  by  viewing  different  objects.  8.  When 
the  letters  of  a  book  appear  to  blend  with  one  another,  or  become  double  and  treble.  3.  When  more  light  is  required,  for  example,  when  the 
light  must  be  placed  between  the  eyes  and  the  object.  4.  When  objects  cannot  be  seen  without  removing  to  a  distance.  5.  When  much 
difficulty  is  found  in  threading  a  needle.  0.  When  the  eyes  appear  confused,  as  if  they  had  a  mist  before  them.  7.  When  black  spots  seem 
to  be  floating  in  the  sight.  8.  When  frequent  headaches  occur  it  is  a  sure  sign  of  defective  vision.  9.  When  any  of  the  above  indications 
arise,  optical  skill  is  needed. 


-|-k  ESTORFF  &  BETTM.\NN,  Commission  Merchants  and  Manufacturers  of  GLY'CEROLE  and  Leather  Dressings,  Nos.  70  and  70}  Pine 
tjr      Street.— Among  the  leading  and  prosperous  business  enterprises  of  this  great  down  town  trade  district  will  be  found  that  of  Messrs. 
I'^      Restorff  &  Bettrnann,  commission  merchants  and  manufacturers  of  "  Glycerole  "  and  leather  dressings  at  Nos.  70  and  70J  Pine  Street. 
-*-  V     This  well-known  house  was  founded  by  Messrs.  Theo.  Restorff  and  Wm.  Bettmann  under  the  firm  name  and  style  as  above  in  1872, 
and  the  subsequent  steady  and  substantial  growth  of  the  business  is  suggestive  of  an  able  and  progressive  management.    The 
premises,  an  entire  building  20  x  100  feet  in  size,  are  systematic  iu  arrangement  and  the  general  complete  appointment  includes  all  the  mod- 
ern business  conveniences  and  facilities.    The  firm  do  a  heavy  coiumission  business  in  both  home  and  foreign  produce;  their  immense  gen- 
eral line  reaching  pretty  much  all  over  the  world.    In  the  manufacture  of  "  Glycerole  "  and  leather  dressings  the  house  has  gained  a  wide 
celebrity,  these  famous  articles  having  to-day  a  large  sale  and  standard  value  upon  all  markets  both  at  home  and  abroad.    Messrs.  Restorff 
and  Bettmann  are  natives  of  Germany,  but  for  thirty  years  have  been  located  in  this  city  where  they  are  respected  as  representatives  and 
deservedly  successful  merchants. 

DR.  H.  ENDEMANN,  Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist,  Nos.  25  and  27  William  Street.— The  development  of  analytical  research  in 
recent  times,  facilitated  by  the  numerous  ingenious  devices  and  instruments  which  have  been  introduced,  have  reacted  in  the  most 
effective  and  satisfactory  manner  upon  manufacturing  industries  generally  and  have  led  to  improvements  in  methods  of  production 
of  illimitable  value  to  the  civilized  world.  In  this  development  Dr.  H.  Endemann  has  played  a  most  important  part  as  an  analytical 
and  consulting  chemist  and  chemical  engineer,  his  hi>adquarters  being  at  Nos.  25  and  37  William  Street  in  this  city,  and  his  sphere  of 
usefulness  in  the  factories  of  very  many  of  the  largest  firms  in  all  parts  of  this  country,  and  in  its  various  courts,  when  the  services  of  an 
expert  are  required.  Aside  of  the  purely  scientific  investigations  and  Dr.  Endeniann's  literary  work  as  an  author  and  editor  his  sphere  of 
usefulness  and  the  nature  of  his  investigations  are  mainly  such  as  have  a  practical  end  in  view.  Among  the  functions  of  his  business  are  the 
analyses  of  commercial  and  other  articles,  the  investigation  of  and  giving  advice  in  all  matters  relating  to  technical  chemistry  and  tech- 
nology, the  development  and  the  introduction  of  new  processes  on  a  manufacturing  scale,  and  the  general  supervision  of  manufacturing 
establishments.  Dr.  Endemann  has  followed  this  line  of  business  ever  since  1864,  when  he  graduated  from  the  University  of  Marburg  in 
Germany. 


VILHELJI  BROTHERS,  Lithographic  Artists  and  Engravers  for  the  Trade,  No.  113  Fulton  Street.— This  concern  was  only  founded 
in  May  of  last  year,  although  the  proprietors,  Messrs.  Theo.,  Edward  and  Emil  Wilhelm  are  practical  workmen  in  this  line  of 
enterprise,  with  many  years  valuable  experience  in  all  its  manifold  details.  They  are  natives  of  Germany  but  have  lived  iu  this 
country  since  1805.  The  quarters  occupied  by  them  are  equipped  with  all  necessary  mechanical  and  other  appliances  for  the 
successful  carrying  on  of  the  enterprise.  Four  hands  are  employed,  and  everything  in  the  engraver's  and  lithographic  art  is 
executed  in  the  best  style  of  workmanship  and  artistic  finish.  The  firm  are  lithographic  artists  and  engravers  for  the  trade,  and  make  a  chief 
specialty  of  fine  stippling,  vignettes  and  pen  and  ink  drawings  for  photo-engraving.  Their  trade  is  principally  local,  though  the  fame  of  the 
house  for  executing  fine  work  is  becoming  gradually  known  all  over  the  country.  Commercial  color  work  and  labels  also  form  a  special  fea- 
ture of  the  business. 


256  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

THE  TINPLATE  DECORATING  CO.,  No.  110  John  Street.— This  is  the  euphonious  title  of  a  concern  at  No.  110  Joliii  Street  that  was- 
eslabhshed  just  twenty-one  years  ago,  IHTO.  Consequently  it  has  only  just  attained  its  majority,  but  we  desire  through  these  col- 
umns to  give  emphatic  declaration  to  the  fact  that  it  lias  long,  long  since  taken  rank  and  assumed  a  position  among  the  flourishing, 
growing  and  substantial  enterprises  of  tlie  metropolis.  The  volume  of  operations  is  of  such  importance  that  it  was  found  necessary 
six  years  ago  to  erect  a  capacious  factoi-y  in  Brooklyn,  75  x  100  feet  in  size.  Tliis  company,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  New  York, 
are  workers  in  tin  and  employ  a  considerable  force  of  skilled  mechanics.  They  produce  every  variety  of  tin  plate  decorating  for  the  trade, 
and  make  a  specialty  of  high  class  color  work.  Everything  and  anything,  either  for  ornament  or  utilty  or  both,  that  can  be  possibly  con- 
ceived and  executed  on  tin  plate  is  done,  while  new  designs  are  being  constantly  carried  out.  The  company  also  manxifacture  tin  sho\S 
cards,  and  do  lithographic  work  on  tin.  The  trade  of  this  concern  is  necessarily  of  large  proportions  and  is  permanently  established  through- 
out the  United  States.  The  business  is  excellently  and  energetically  managed,  the  officers  being  business  men  of  sound  judgment  and  valu- 
able experience,  and  devoting  their  entire  energies  to  the  still  higher  development  of  this  important  iudustry.  Mr.  Benj.  C.  Mumford  is  pres- 
ident, and  Mr.  Henry  F.  Fenton,  secretary.    Both  gentlemen  were  born  and  raised  in  New  York. 

ry*"     G.  NELSON,  Commission  ^Merchant  in  Poultry,  Game,  Butter,  Eggs,  Etc.,  No.  3:j;3  Washington  Street.— Seven  years  of  sustained 
fj        energy,  enterprise,  and  well-directed  trading  have  sufficed,  in  the  case  of  Mr.  A.  G.  Nelson,  to  rear  up  a  business  of  gratifying  pro- 
1    I        poj'tions  as  a  merchant  in  poultry,  game,  butter,  eggs,  and  farm  produce  generally,  the  consistently  honorable  methods  pursued, 
/    •*•  •  in  alliance  with  unflagging  application  and  sound  business  aptitude  having  made  the  establishment  at  No.  333  Washington  Street 
one  to  which  producers  look  for  the  disposal  of  their  merchandise  at  fair  market  prices,  and  upon  which  dealers  in  the  city  and 
vicinity  rely  for  the  supply  of  their  requirements.    The  well  appointed  salesrooms  and  basement  at  the  address  indicated,  the  floor  expanse  of 
which  is  4,000  superficial  feet,  contain  at  all  times  a  wealth  of  choice,  prime,  well-packed,  and  carefully  stored  farm  produce  of  each  va- 
riety.   These  are  constantly  fully  replenished,  consignments  being  made  to  the  house  with  great  frequency  from  numerous  producers,  prin- 
cipally in  the  west  and  southwest,  on  commission,  clients  being  encouraged  in  the  bestowal  of  their  patronage  by  the  distinctly  honorable 
treatment  they  receive,  and  tlie  prompt  manner  they  obtain  remittances.     Mr.  A.  G.  Nelson,  who  is  a  respected  member  of  the  Mercantile 
Exchange,  is  a  gentleman  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  of  Swedish  birth,  and  came  to  this  country  thirty-seven  years  ago. 

NOLEN  &  SHUTE,  Tropical  Fruits,  Bananas,  Pineapples,  Etc.,  No.  *^27  Washington  Street.— A  house  which  has  sprung  into  consider- 
able prominence  in  a  comparatively  short  time  is  that  of  Qlessrs.  Nolen  &  Shute,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  tropical  and  domes- 
tic fruits,  located  at  No.  227  Washington  Street.  This  house  was  established  in  1887  by  the  present  proprietors,  Mr.  John  Nolen  and 
Mr.  John  C.  Shute,  both  having  had  considerable  experience  in  the  business  and  being  able  buyers,  and  well  acquainted  with  the 
best  sources  of  direct  supply.  DIr.  Nolen  was  in  business  on  his  own  account,  in  another  part  of  the  city,  for  several  years.  The 
firm  are  credited  with  being  one  of  the  most  reliable  dealers  in  tropical  fruits  on  the  market,  their  goods  always  being  of  the  veiy  choicest 
quality  and  absolutely  fresh.  The  greatest  care  and  expedition  are  observed  in  transit  from  more  distant  parts,  and  everything  is  done  which 
can  be  to  sustain  the  high  character  the  firm  has  gained  for  enterprise  and  honorable  dealing.  The  premises  at  the  location  indicated 
above  consist  of  two  floors,  each  measuring  25  x  100  feet,  comprising  office,  salesroom  and  warerooms,  being  well  fitted  and  arranged  for 
handling  the  large  lines  of  goods  dealt  in,  and  furnished  with  every  convenience  for  facilitating  the  due  transaction  of  the  volume  of  trade 
carried  on.  Two  competent  assistants  are  employed,  and  the  business  is  directly  superintended  in  every  [mrticular  by  the  two  principals. 
The  trade  of  the  house  is  very  extensive  and  lies  principally  in  the  city  and  the  West,  the  chief  fruits  dealt  in  being  pineapples,  bananas, 
California  fruits,  such  as  grapes,  pears,  peaches,  etc.,  apples,  melons,  tomatoes,  etc.,  as  well  as  potatoes,  onions,  etc.  Mr.  Nolen  is  a  native> 
of  Maryland,  while  Mr.  Shute  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  The  latter  gentleman  is  a  member  of  the  O.  A.  R.,  having  served  in  tlie  Tenth  New 
Jersey  Regiment  for  two  and  a  half  years. 

CONNECTICUT  VALLEY  PAPER  AND  ENH^ELOPE  COJIPANY,  M.  Loel).  Proprietor,  No.  57  Beekman  Street.— Prominent  among  the 
oldest  established  and  representative  metropolitan  concerns  that  have  contributed  so  largely  to  the  development  of  this  industry 
ranks  the  Connecticut  Valley  Paper  and  Envelope  Company,  whose  business  office  is  located  at  No.  57  Beekman  Street.  The  time 
honored  concern  dates  its  existence  back  to  1825,  and  during  the  long  intervening  period  to  the  present,  it  has  ever  maintained  the- 
highest  of  reputations,  keeping  well  abreast  of  all  the  innovations  and  improvements  that  have  taken  place  in  the  paper  and  especially 
the  envelope  trade  since  that  remote  period.  .  The  premises  occupied  comprise  a  spacious  and  commodious  loft  25  x  115  feet  in  dimensions,  giv- 
ing ample  accommodation  for  the  manipulation  and  display  of  the  exceptionally  extensive  line  of  goods  on  hand  at  all  times  and  the  general 
advantageous  prosecution  of  the  business.  The  stock  embraces  every  description  of  fine  and  medium  grade  note  papers,  but  a  prominent 
specialty  being  made  of  envelopes,  from  those  of  the  finest  linen  to  the  less  expensive  straw,  wood  and  manilla  grades.  Many  assistants  are 
employed  and  the  trade  transacted  is  of  an  exceedingly  wide-spread  character,  the  goods  handled  by  this  house  being,  on  account  of  their 
standard,  superior  quality,  general  favorites  with  jobbers,  retailers,  printers  and  publishers  wherever  i  oduced.  The  firm  is  known  by  its 
patrons  as  fair  and  square  in  its  dealings,  giving  them  always  the  advantage  of  the  market.  Mr.  L.  M.  Stayner,  the  former  proprietor  of  the 
concern  has  recently  retired  on  account  of  ill  health.  Mr.  M.  Loeb,  who  succeeded  him  in  the  proprietorship  has  been  identified  for  the  past 
twelve  5-ears  with  the  stationary  and  fancy  goods  trade  over  the  entire  United  States  and  has  naturally  acquired  a  practical  knowledge  of  the 
requirements  of  the  trade,  and  is  therefore  in  every  way  competent  for  the  responsibilities  of  his  present  business  connections.  He  is  a 
highly  respected  resident  of  New  York  and  well  known  by  leading  houses  of  the  paper  trade  and  his  firm  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  soundest 
and  most  reliable  metropolitan  concerns  of  its  type. 

CARL  A.  LARSEN,  Ship  Chandler,  No.  14  Water  Street.— The  important  business,  with  its  manifold  ramifications,  comprehended  in  the 
title  ot  ship  chandler,  is  pursued  with  eminent  success  and  marked  enterprise  by  the  well-known  and  highly  representative  house  of 
Mr.  Carl  A.  Larsen.  located  at  No.  14  Water  Street.  The  business  of  this  firm  embraces  a  full  line  of  ship  stores  and  vessels'  supplies* 
the  uniformly  excellent  quality  of  which  has  secured  to  the  house  an  enduring  connection  extending  all  along  the  seaboard  of  the 
country,  and  including  ship  owners  and  masters  of  the  larger  steamers  and  sailing  craft,  who  are  consumers  of  the  firms  goods  in 
wholesale  consignments.  This  flourishing  enterprise  was  established  by  its  present  proprietor  fourteen  years  ago  and  the  trade  now  con- 
trolled necessitates  the  maintenance  of  premises  at  the  location  mentioned  above,  which  consist  of  a  building  of  five  stories,  each  fioor  having 
a  superficial  area  of  25  x  80  feet,  comprising  office,  salesrooms  and  warehouse,  all  of  which  are  fitted  with  every  convenience  for  the  due 
prosecution  of  the  large  business  conducted,  four  duly  qualified  assistants  being  steadily  engaged  in  the  clerical  and  other  duties  which 
devolve  upon  the  undertaking.  These  premises  have  been  but  recently  occupied,  the  former  location  being  at  No.  30  Water  Street,  whence  a 
removal  was  effected  in  May,  1890,  for  lack  of  proper  accommodation  for  the  fast  increasing  trade.  The  firm  are  their  own  direct 
Importers  from  Norway  of  a  number  of  ships'  supplies  owing  their  origin  to  that  country,  among  others  being  fish,  anchovies,  cheese,  etc. 
A  large  stock  of  these,  as  well  as  a  full  line  of  the  goods  dealt  in  is  always  carried,  and  for  variety  and  excellence  of  quality,  a  better  assort- 
ment could  scarcely  be  found  in  New  York.  The  worthy  and  able  proprietor  is  a  native  Norwegian,  and  now  of  middle  age,  having  resided' 
in  this  city  for  the  past  twenty  years. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  257 

STEINECKE  &  FARREN,  Manufacturers  of  Drapery  and  Upholstery  Trimmings.  No.  OO  White  Street.— The  business  of  manutactui  ing 
di-apery  and  upliolstery  trimmings  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  ttie  many  branches  of  industrial  activity  which  center  in  New  York, 
and  tlie  amount  of  capital  it  represents  is  in  the  aggregate  enormous.  A  leading  and  thoroughly  representative  house  engaged  in  this 
trade  is  that  of  Jlessrs.  Steineclse  &  Farren,  No.  ;iO  White  Street.  This  business  was  established  three  years  ago  by  Jlessrs.  Samuel 
Steinecke  and  Edward  B.  Farren.  two  enterprising  and  energetic  young  men  who  were  fully  equipped  for  success  by  a  thor- 
ough business  training  and  an  intimate  practical  experience  in  the  drapery  and  upholstery  trimming  trade  and  all  its  branches.  From  the 
very  start  they  met  with  a  liberal  patronage,  and  since  then,  by  attending  strictly  to  the  requirements  of  their  customers  and  dealing  only  in 
reliable  goods,  they  have  built  up  a  large  and  flourishing  trade  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  are  now  generally  regarded  as 
leaders  in  this  line  of  business.  The  premises  utilized  by  them  for  business  purposes  are  spacious  and  commodious,  comprising  three  large 
upper  floors  fitted  up  with  the  most  improved  machinery  and  appliances.  Constant  employment  is  here  given  to  eighty  skilled  hands  and  the 
facilities  of  the  firm  are  such  that  they  can  satisfactorily  fill  the  largest  orders  at  short  notice.  They  manufacture  every  description  of 
drapery  and  upholstery  trimmings,  fringes,  tassels,  cords,  ornaments,  etc.,  and  their  goods  have  achieved  an  enviable  reputation  through- 
out the  country  for  their  uniform  good  quality  and  general  reliability.    Both  members  of  the  firm  are  natives  of  this  city. 

HA.  DEKNATEL,  Manufacturer  of  Plain  and  Fancy  Paper  Boxes,  Job  Printing,  Etc.,  No.  190  Elm  Street.— There  are  but  few  com- 
mercial enterprises  in  these  days  of  keen  and  active  competition  and  attractive  display  of  merchandise  in  which  the  use  of  paper 
boxes  does  not  enter,  which  has  resulted  in  developing  the  business  of  manufacturing  them  to  vast  proportions,  and  in  the  city  of 
*  New  York  will  be  found  some  of  the  best  and  largest  known  to  the  trade.  A  very  prosperous,  representative  and  popular  house 
among  the  munber,  and  well  worthy  of  more  than  passing  mention  in  these  pages,  is  tiiat  of  ]\Ir.  H.  A.  Deknatel,  whose  manufac- 
tory is  very  eligibly  located  at  No.  196  Elm  Street,  between  Broome  and  Spring  Streets,  in  close  proximity  to  the  leading  wholesale  fine  goods  and 
small  ware  houses.  Sir.  Deknatel  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life  and  was  born  in  Holland,  but  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  and  Brooklyn 
since  1866.  Having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  this  trade  coupled  with  years  of  practical  experience  he  established  this  concern  on  his  own  account 
in  1877,  and  by  giving  close  attention  to  the  wants  of  his  patrons,  producing  only  high-class  goods  and  adhering  to  straightforward  business 
methods,  he  soon  developed  a  very  large  trade  that  now  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  is  constantly  increasing  in  volume  and 
importance.  He  occupies  a  spacious  and  commodious  five-story  brick  building,  admirably  arranged  for  business  and  manufacturing  pur- 
poses, the  factory  being  fully  equipped  with  all  the  very  latest  improved  machinery  and  appliances.  He  is  the  largest  manufacturer  in  New 
York  of  fine  fancy  boxes  and  cornucopias,  suitable  for  confectioners  and  also  for  Sunday  schools.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  fine  work.  He 
also  runs  a  fine  job  printing  office  in  connection  with  his  paper  box  trade,  which  is  fully  equipped  for  printing  fine  labels,  wrappers,  covers, 
etc.,  principally  for  paper  box  patrons  who  desire  special  orders.  The  work  produced  in  this  concern  is  unrivaled  in  style,  originality  and 
general  excellence,  while  the  prices  are  extremely  reasonable.  A  full  and  complete  assortment  of  stock  is  constantly  carried  and  orders  are 
filled  at  the  very  shortest  notice.  Jlr.  Deknatel  is  a  wide-awake,  energetic  and  pleasant  fellow.  Give  him  a  call  when  you  need  anything  in 
his  line  and  you  will  not  be  disappointed. 

ROSS  W.  WEIR  &  CO.,  Importers  and  Jobbers  of  Teas  and  Coffees.  No.  60  Front  Street.— Of  the  great  houses  in  its  locality  engaged  in 
the  importation  of  teas  and  coltees,  that  of  Ross  W.  Weir  &  Co.,  at  No.  60  Front  Street,  is  widely  known  as  among  the  most  emi- 
nent and  responsible,  and,  as  coffee  roasters,  is  without  exception  the  largest  concern  upon  the  street.  The  superior  quality  and 
dehcious  aroma  of  its  coffees  are  in  high  favor  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  the  "  Crown  Prince  Coffees  "  (the  firm's  trade  mark), 
being  considered  as  synonymous  with  unequaled  richness  and  purity,  while  the  extent  of  the  firm's  transactions  in  direct  importa- 
tion enable  it  to  supply  on  terms  and  at  prices  greatly  conducive  to  business.  In  teas  the  trade  which  the  house  commands  is  of  scarcely  less 
proportions,  the  fifteen  years  of  experience  on  Front  Street  in  the  same  line  of  business  having  cultivated  the  principal's  qualifications  as  a 
tea  taster,  and  ripened  his  experience  as  a  wholesale  buyer.  The  premises  occupied  consist  of  a  building  of  five  floors  and  basement,  each 
i5  X  100  feet  in  extent,  not  only  provided  with  the  modern  roasting  appliances  before  referred  to,  but  fitted  up  in  all  respects  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  make  the  most  of  the  spacious  accommodation,  and  to  facilitate  the  rapid  handling  of  the  merchandise  in  which  the  firm  trades. 
The  place  is  at  all  times  a  busy  one,  ten  trained  employees  being  regularly  engaged  under  the  direction  of  the  business  like  principal  in  coping 
with  the  enormous  volume  of  business  which  reaches  the  house  from  all  parts  of  the  Union.  Mr.  Ross  W,  Weir,  who  is  but  thirty-one  years 
of  age.  is  a  native-born  New  Yorker,  and  has  well  earned  the  prosperity  which  lias  attended  his  business  enterprise,  as  well  as  the  high  popu- 
larity which  he  enjoys  personally. 

VAN  WAGENEN  &  McNAB,  Pattern  Makers,  Nos.  176  to  182  Bank  Street.— A  business  rendering  mvaluable  services  to  numerous  manu- 
facturers unable  to  engage  the  exclusive  services  of  an  expert  pattern  maker,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Van  Wagenen  *  McNab,  established 
by  the  former  gentleman  in  1SK9,  and  by  1890  already  grown  to  an  extent  that  warranted  the  admission  to  partnership  of  Mr. 
McNab.  For  the  control  of  an  enterprise  of  this  character  its  founder  was  exceptionally  qualified,  he  having  had  no  less  than  twenty- 
five  years'  experience  in  the  trade,  for  fourteen  of  which  he  held  the  responsible  position  of  foreman  over  the  pattern  department 
of  Delameter  Iron  Works  at  the  foot  of  Thirteenth  Street  and  North  River.  Mr.  McNab  is  a  craftsman  whose  experience  is  but  little  less 
lengthy,  and  under  the  able  guidance  of  these  gentlemen  the  work  turned  out  by  its  staff  of  fifteen  skilled  workmen  has  been  so  accurate  and 
well  finished  that  its  services  are  in  great  and  regular  request.  The  premises  occupied  are  at  No.  176  to  182  Bank  Street,  and  comprise  an 
ofliice  and  workshop  on  the  first  floor,  the  former  80  x  3.5  feet  in  size,  and  the  latter  no  less  than  100  x  50  feet  in  measurement.  This  is  not 
only  provided  with  all  the  improved  appliances  proper  to  the  trade,  but  also  a  large  stock  of  specially  sound  and  seasoned  timber  of  aU 
thicknesses  and  the  leading  kinds  m  favor  for  pattern  making  for  green  and  loam  saud  work.  Of  the  two  proprietors,  Mr.  Van  Wagenen 
was  born  m  New  York  as  also  was  Mr.  McNab,  though  the  former  is  of  Dutch  extraction  and  the  latter  of  Scotch. 

TMANSELL,  Sponges,  No.  79  Maiden  Lane.— The  inception  of  this  important  enterprise  dates  from  the  year  ISai.  when  it  was 
founded  by  the  firm  of  Mansell  &  Isaacs.  For  thirty-five  years  it  was  conducted  under  this  firm  name,  until  it  became 
Mansell  *  Blume  in  1870.  This  was  continued  down  to  last  year,  1890,  when  T.  Mansell,  a  son  of  the  first  founder  of  the  business, 
•  and  a  native  of  New  York,  assumed  sole  proprietorship.  During  all  these  years  and  all  these  various  changes,  the  bouse  has  expe- 
rienceii  all  the  phases  incidental  to  the  career  of  a  business  institution  of  long  standing.  But  it  emphatically  bespeaks  a  high 
tribute  to  its  management,  when  at  the  end  of  fifty-six  years,  it  is  still  found  among  the  prosperous  and  substantial  mercantile  houses  of  the 
city,  enjoying  a  generous  mead  of  permanent  prosperity,  its  fame  increasing  and  its  volume  of  trade  growing  all  the  while.  The  business 
was  originally  started  in  John  Street,  in  1S7.5  it  was  removed  to  No.  71  William  Street,  remaining  there  until  May,  1890,  when  he  removed  to 
No.  99  Maiden  Lane,  where  he  remained  till  last  May  and  then  took  his  present  location.  This  house  confines  its  operations  to  the  importa- 
tion and  exportation  of  Florida.  Bahamas  and  Mediterranean  sponges,  also  chamois  leather.  But  sponges  form  the  one  great  and  leading 
specialty  and  it  may  be  well  to  remark  at  this  point  that  the  father  of  Mr.  T.  Mansell  was  the  pioneer  importer  of  sponges  in  this  country 
half  a  century  or  so  ago,  making  this  house  the  oldest  sponge  house  in  the  United  States.  A  large  stock  is  carried  as  a  matter  of  course, 
while  the  facilities  of  the  house  for  preparing  sponges  for  the  market  are  of  the  best  possible  description.  Three  salesmen  travel  the  road 
for  the  house,  while  ten  people  are  employed  in  the  bleachery. 


-258  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  &  SON.  Manufacturers  of  Fine  Fishing  Rods,  and  Dealers  in  Fishing  Tackle,  No.  1  Desbrosses  Street.— In 
those  industrial  pursuits  which  are  devoted  to  the  handling  and  manufacturing  of  articles  which  conduce  to  the  pleasures  and 
pastimes  of  the  public,  there  is  not  a  more  interesting  or  noteworthy  occupation  than  that  of  producing  all  kinds  of  Iishing  tackle, 
etc.  The  oldest  manufacturer  aud  most  prominent  houses  in  the  country  iu  tliis  line  and  the  first  ever  established  in  the  United 
States  is  that  of  the  firm  of  William  Mitchell  iS:  Son.  This  business  was  founded  in  England  in  181D  by  Mr.  John  Jlitchell,  father 
of  William  I\Iitchell,  who  came  to  America  in  1818  and  in  1837  commenced  the  manufacture  of  line  fishing  rods  at  No.  26  Vandam  Street,  tak- 
ing his  son  William  as  partner.  In  1850  Mr.  John  Mitchell  died  and  his  son  William  conducted  the  business  alone  until  1885 
when  he  admitted  his  son,  William  A.  Mitchell,  who  is  a  native  of  New  York  City.  The  firm  were  located  for  fifty  years  on  Van- 
dam  Street  and  iu  188!)  moved  to  the  present  location,  No.  1  Desbrosses  Street.  The  workshop  and  store  are  spacious  and  admirably 
fitted  up  with  all  necessary  machinery  and  appliances  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  business.  The  fii'm  make  a  specialty  of  flue 
custom  work,  making  rods  ranging  in  price  from  $3.00  to  $150.  The  "  Mitchell  Fly  Kod  "  with  patent  hand  piece,  is  the  only  fly  rod  having 
perfect  spring  from  tip  to  heel  plate,  and  is  the  lightest  and  strongest  rod  made.  This  firm  are  the  sole  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated 
McGinnis  black  bass  rod.  They  also  deal  largely  in  fishing  tackle.  Repairing  in  all  its  branches  receives  prompt  attention.  These  rods  are 
made  of  the  best  material  carefully  selected,  possessing  sufficient  elasticity  and  strength  with  lightness,  and  are  as  near  perfection  as  a  rod 
can  be  made.  The  ti-ade  of  the  house  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  the  goods  are  highly  esteemed  by  the  trade  aud  anglers 
generally  for  their  durability  and  general  excellence,  having  no  superiors  in  this  or  any  oLher  market,  while  they  are  offered  ab  prices  that 
attract  the  attention  of  the  closest  and  most  careful  buyers. 

HYAN  ARSDALE,  Manufacturers'  Agent  Imported  Hosiery,  No.  115  Worth  Street.— It  need  scarcely  be  said  that  the  trade  in  the 
finer  grades  of  imported  hosiery  is  one  of  the  most  important  and  interesting  branches  of  business  to  be  found  in  our  great  centers 
of  commercial  activity.  Among  those  who  have  attained  prominence  and  popularity  in  this  line  in  New  York  can  be  named  I\Ir. 
*  H.  Van  Arsdale,  representing  tiie  great  German  hosiery  manufacturing  firm  of  Kuehnert,  Wachler  and  Neldner  of  Chemnitz,  with 
headquarters  at  No.  115  Worth  Street.  This  house  has  now  been  established  for  the  past  ten  years,  and  Mr.  Van  Arsdale  has  been 
exceptionally  successful  in  placing  these  goods  on  the  American  market,  he  having  control  of  the  sole  agency  for  the  United  States.  Being 
thorouguly  convereant  with  every  feature  of  the  trade,  as  well  as  an  expert  judge  in  determining  qualities  and  grades  of  hosiery,  Mr.  Van 
^  sdale  rapidly  built  up  a  large  and  prosperous  trade,  no  house  maintaining  a  liigher  standing  either  in  quality  of  goods  handled  or  business 
iutegrity  and  upright  dealing.  The  trade,  which  is  import  and  wdiolesale  to  jobbers  exclusively,  is  to-day  broadly  distributed  over  the  entire 
country.  Mr.  Van  Arsdale  was  bom  in  New  Y'ork,  and  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  a  lineal  descendant  of  one  of  the  pioneer  Dutch  set- 
tlers of  the  city.  He  is  a  man  of  agreeable  manner,  keen  foresight  and  inteUigene*,  and  w^ell  fitted  by  intuition  and  experience  to  conserve 
the  interests  of  the  well-known  house  he  represents. 

rj-w-LPINE  EMBROIDERY'  COMPANT,  Manufacturers  of  Embroideries,  Nos.  129, 131  and  133  Worth  Street.— The  most  enterprising  and 

IM      progressive  house  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  embroideries  in  New  Y'ork  is  that  of  the  Alpine  Embroidery  Company  located  at 

§m      Nos.  129,  131  and  133  Worth  Street.    The  business  was  established  in  1890  by  Messrs.  James  Bealin  and  J.  D.  Crawford,  both  of  whom 

/    "^    bring  to  bear  a  wide  range  of  practical  experience  coupled  with  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  wants  of  the  trade  and  have  achieved 

for  their  house  an  enviable  reputation  in  the  business  <vorId.    They  make  a  specialty  of  order  work  for  the  tirade  throughout  the 

United  States,  employing  thirty  skilled  aud  expert  hands  and  the  finest  machinery,  and  are  taking  the  lead  in  designing  and  bringing  out 

new  and  beautiful  patterns,  artistic  in  conception  and  winning  the  admiration  of  critics  and  connoisseurs.    In  fact  nowli^re  can  the  trade  be 

so  well  suited  as  in  dealing  with  the  Alpine  Embroidery  Company.     The  proprietors  are  receiving  large  and  important  orders  from  the 

leading  exponents  of  the  trade  in  New  York  and  other  commercial  centers,  which  forms  the  best  criterion  of  the  popularity  of  their  products. 

Now  when  embroideries  are  so  universally  fashionable,  we  would  recommend  buyers  to  examine  the  goods  of  this  house  and  learn  of  the 

substantial  inducements  offered  both  as  to  price  and  quality.     The  proprietors  are  natives  of  New  Y'ork  State,  in  the  active  prime  of  life, 

and  have  everywhere  inspired  an  admiration  for  their  enterpi-ise  and  a  confidence  in  their  skill  as  leading  representative  manufacturers 

in  the  embroidery  trade.    Their  future  success  and  permanent  prosperity  is  well  assured  by  their  well  directed  efforts  to  excel  in  all  their 

productions. 

r^       BROCKLEHURST,  Carpenter  and  Builder,  No.  101  Wooster  Street.— A  branch  of  the  carpenters'  and  builders'  trade  is  that  some- 
-.  I         times  roughly  classified  as  jobbing  work,  but  which  may  be  taken  to  include  store  and  office  fittings  and  architectural  wood  work 
'^  I         generally,  and  this  is  an  industrial  department  in  which  Mr.  J.  Brocklehurst  has  distinctly  excelled.    This  well-informed  and 
I    I    •  thoroughly  practical  and  expert  gentleman  is    not  only    capable    of  giving  accurate  and  faithful  interpretation  to  the  details  of  all 
^^         plans  with  which  he  may  be  entrusted,  but  also  skilled  in  the  preparing  of  designs  which  are  always  promptly  furnished,  together 
^th  estimatesupon  application.    The  firm  commenced  its  business  in  1886,  and  for  the  kind  of  work  mentioned  as  well  as  for  general  jobbing 
■work  of  all  descriptions  it  has  secured  an  enviable  name  and  built  up  an  extensive  connection.    The  shop  occupied  is  about  25  x  50  feet  in  size, 
and  in  addition  to  its  excellent  equipment  in  the  matter  of  tools  and  appliances,  carries  a  large  stock  of  materials  suitable  for  office  parti- 
tions, store  counters  and  shelving,  sign  boards,  etc.,  a  special  feature  being  made  of  the  thorough  seasoning  and  maturing  of  wood,  only 
Buch  as  is  thoroughly  sound  as  well  as  dry  being  used.    In  the  brisk  local  trade  which  ensues  as  a  response  to  such  commendable  methods, 
four  competent  workmen  are  employed,  the  principal  regularly  and  closely  supervising  their  labors.     Mr.  Brocklehurst  is  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, and  his  ten  years  of  residence  in  this  city  have  been  well  and  profitably  employed,  both  for  himself  and  those  brought  into  business 
relation  with  him. 

CW.  JIMESON  &  CO.,  Commission  Merchants,  No.  41  Jay  Street,  Near  Washington  Street.— The  many  important  liouses  engaged  in 
New  York  as  wholesale  produce  commission  merchants,  are  efficiently  represented  by  the  responsible  firm  of  Messrs.  C.  W.  Jimeson 
&  Co.,  located  at  No.  41  Jay  Street,  so  well  known  throughout  the  trade  for  its  strict  adherence  to  a  policy  of  fair  aud  equitable 
•  trading,  and  by  the  masterly  skill  with  which  it  handles  all  consignments  entrusted  to  its  care.  The  extensive  trade  now  at  the 
firm's  command,  as  well  as  the  high  reputation  it  enjoys,  are  soundly  established,  for  the  business  was  initiated  as  far  back  as  1855, 
by  the  present  senior  member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  C.  W.  Jimeson,  who  brings  to  bear  upon  its  practical  working  a  well  directed  energy  and 
wide  range  of  experience  in  the  trade.  His  son,  Mr.  Joseph  H.  Jimeson.  has  been  brought  up  in  the  business,  and  was  admitted  to  the  firm 
several  years  ago.  Produce  of  all  kinds  is  received  in  heavy  consignments  from  Delaware,  New  Jersey,  New  Y'ork  and  Pennsylvania,  and 
through  the  trusty  medium  of  the  establishment  is  disposed  of  to  the  best  class  of  wholesale  consumers  throughout  New  Y'ork  City  and 
vicinity,  a  specialty  being  made  of  domestic  fruits,  which,  in  common  with  the  country  produce  handled,  are  of  the  highest  grade  of  excel- 
lence»  and  always  in  prime  condition.  The  premises,  at  the  location  noted,  which  have  been  occupied  since  May,  1890,  when  a  removal  was 
effected  from  the  old  West  Washington  Market,  consist  of  a  well  appointed  salesroom,  25  x40  feet  in  area,  and  a  basement  of  the  same  size 
used  for  storage  purposes.  Mr.  C.  W.  Jimeson  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  while  his  son.  Mr.  Joseph  H.  Jimeson, 
is  a  native  of  New  York  City,  and  resides  in  Flatbush,  Long  Island. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  259 

He.  VOGEL  &  CO.,  General  Produce  Commission  Merchants,  No.  198  Reade  Street.— The  produce  commission  trade  is  undoubtedly 
one  of  the  greatest  factors  in  thfe  remarkable  devolopment  of  the  commerce  of  this  great  metropolis.  A  widely  known,  prosperous 
and  thoroughly  responsible  house  devoted  to  this  important  line  of  business  in  New  York  City,  justly  worthy  of  the  high  reputation 
•  it  has  made  is  that  of  Jlessrs.  H.  C.  Vof;el  &  Co.,  general  produce  commission  merchants,  whose  well-ordered  headquarters  are 
centrally  located  at  No.  Mi  Reade  Street  near  West  Street.  This  establishment  was  founded  originally  in  1886  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Vogel, 
who  possesses  a  wide  range  of  experience  in  all  departments  of  the  trade,  and  from  the  start  it  has  been  the  center  of  a  veiy  widely  extended 
first-class  patronage,  that  is  annually  increasing  jand  in  order  to  meet  its  demands  with  adtiitional  capital  and  enterprise,  Mr.  C.  A.  Jansen 
was  admitted  into  the  business  as  a  partner  in  the  summer  of  1890.  The  premises  utilized  are  of  ample  dimensions,  neatly  and  appropriately 
fitted  up  and  provided  with  every  convenience  for  meeting  all  requirements  of  the  trade.  The  firm  are  in  daily  receipt  of  every  kind  of 
country  produce  in  their  season,  such  as  butter,  eggs,  cheese,  apples,  peaches,  pears,  berries,  grapes,  melons,  currants  and  other  orchard 
and  garden  fruits;  potatoes,  onions,  lettuce,  celery,  peas,  beans,  tomatoes,  vegetables  generally;  live  and  dressed  poultry,  game, 
pure  leaf  lard,  country  pork,  calves,  wool,  pelts,  hides,  furs,  feathers,  nuts,  etc..  all  of  which  are  handled  most  carefully  in  the  best 
interests  of  the  consignor,  highest  ruling  market  prices  obtained  and  prompt  and  accurate  returns  are  made,  while  liberal  advances  are 
made  on  consignments  when  desired.  Their  establishment  is  very  popular  with  retail  dealers,  market  men,  city  and  summer  resort  hotels, 
restaurants  and  boarding  house  keepers  as  a  source  of  the  very  best  supplies.  Oyders  by  mail  or  wire  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention. 
Jlessrs.  Vogel  and  Jansen  are  both  residents  of  Jersey  City,  young  men  of  excellent  business  ability,  popular,  pleasant  and  courteous  and  are 
highly  esteemed  for  their  integrity  and  perseverance. 

r-w-OHN  W.  DAVIS,  Carpenter  and  Builder,  No.  149  Wooster  Street.— Among  the  numerous  carpenters  and  builders  located  on  Wooster 
_^  I  Street,  Mr.  John  W.  Davis,  whose  premises  are  at  No.  149  of  that  thoroughfare,  is  one  entitled  to  specific  mention,  not  so  much  for 
X©  I  the  extensive  character  of  the  firms'  operations— though  these  are  notable  for  their  briskness— as  for  the  all-round,  and  therefore 
II  essentially  useful  services  it  renders,  all  work  pertaining  to  buildings,  whether  new  erections,  extensions,  alterations,  large  repairing 
contracts,  or  general  jobbing  work,  being  cheerfully  and  promptly  estimated  for,  and  thereafter  executed  with  celerity  and  pains- 
taking accuracy.  The  reputation  of  the  firm  during  the  seven  years  of  its  existence  having  been  associated  with  unif  orndy  reliable  work  and 
faithful  adherence  to  all  the  details  of  plans  and  specifications  entrusted  to  its  hands,  many  very  creditable  pieces  of  work  now  bear  silent 
tribute  to  its  trustworthiness,  while  all  those  under  whom  it  has  taken  contracts  are  prepared  cheerfully  to  speak  a  favorable  word.  The 
shop  occupied  is  25  x  50  feet  in  size,  and  the  numerous  provisions  there  made,  in  the  form  of  tools,  appliances  and  materials,  are  such  as  to 
enable  the  twelve  workmen  employed  to  exert  their  labor  under  favorable  conditions,  alike  in  respect  to  quality  and  to  economy.  Mr,  John 
W.  Davis  is  a  gentleman  of  practical  experience  in  all  the  branches  of  the  trade,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  Fraternity.  A 
native  of  the  Highlands  of  New  Jersey,  he  has  long  been  well  and  favorably  known  in  that  section  of  the  city  of  which  Wooster  Street  is  the 
center.. 

r-r     GROY,  Butter  and  Cheese,  No.  73  Vesey  Street.— The  prominent,  flourishing  and  trusted  old  firm  of  J.  Groy  of  No.  73  Vesey  Street 
^-,.  I  commands  a  wholesale  trade  very  large  in  volume,  and  of  far-reaching  extent,  having  a  retail  connection  of  relatively  equal 

Y^  I  proportions,  its  establishment  being  regarded  by  tliose  who  are  admittedly  well  qualified  judges,  as  the  headquarters  for  fine 

II  •  butter  and  cheese  by  wholesale  or  by  the  pound.  The  business  was  initiated  in  the  year  1863  at  No.  81  Vesey  Street,  but 
the  continued  expansion  of  the  trade  demanded  greater  accommodation,  and  a  removal  was  made  to  No.  59  of  that  thorough- 
fare; subsequent  further  developments  calling  for  yet  greater  conveniences,  and  leading,  in  1885,  to  the  occupation  of  the  present  spacious 
premises— still  on  the  same  street — comprising  a  building  of  five  fioors,  each  22  x  40  feet  in  size,  the  whole  being  fitted  up  in  a  style  specially 
adapted  to  the  operations  pursued.  From  here,  in  addition  to  the  lively  retail  and  local  trade,  butter,  cheese  and  eggs — especially  the  two 
former— are  supplied  to  restaurants,  hotels  and  grocers  in  almost  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  a  trade  of  large  proportions  is  done  with 
ship  owners  in  this  and  other  ports.  The  alert,  experienced  and  business-like  proprietor  has  made  the  best  use  of  his  ripe  judgment  in  the 
procuring  of  the  best  grades  of  the  kind  of  produce  handled,  at  close  inside  figures,  and  by  permitting  patrons  to  share  freely  in  the  advan- 
tages thus  gained  has  built  up  a  notably  successful  business,  in  which  he  is  assisted  by  from  four  to  six  assistants  according  to  the  season.  Mr. 
J.  Groy,  who  is  a  gentleman  fifty-seven  years  of  age,  has  spent  fifty -two  years  in  this  city,  having  come  here  from  Germany— the  land  of 
his  birth— in  1834;  and  he  is  now  justly  regarded  as  among  New  York's  most  worthy  and  valued  merchants. 

GUSTAV  J.  STEIN,  Designer  and  Colorist  of  Wall  Paper,  Oil  Cloth,  Carpet,  Etc.,  Nos.  149-154  Church  Street.  Aldrich  Building.— In  no 
way  is  the  taste  and  culture  of  a  nation  better  exemplified  than  by  the  nature  of  the  household  decorations  of  its  people,  and  it  is 
gratifying  to  note  that  in  this  respect  the  people  of  .\merica  have  taken  enormous  strides  forward  during  the  past  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury. The  crude  designs,  inartistic  coloring  and  stiff,  conventional  patterns  which  characterized  the  wall  papers,  oil  cloths,  carpets, 
etc.,  a  few  generations  ago  would  not  now  be  tolerated  in  any  household,  and  the  manufacturers  of  such  articles  are  obliged  to 
secure  the  services  of  the  most  skilled  and  experienced  artists  to  supply  them  with  designs.  A  gentleman  who  makes  a  specialty  of  this 
branch  of  art  work  and  who  has  achieved  a  substantial  success  therein  is  Mr.  Gustav  J.  Stein,  whose  studio  is  located  in  Room  No.  52, 
Aldrich  Building,  corner  Church  and  Chambers  Streets.  Mr.  Stein,  who  is  a  young  man  of  pronounced  artistic  ability,  early  developed  great 
talent  in  this  line,  and.  after  a  thorough  course  of  training,  established  himself  in  business  six  years  ago  at  No.  335  E.  Fifty-first  Street,  and 
moved  to  his  present  eligible  location  two  years  ago.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  new  and  original  ideas  in  the  way  of  designs  for  wall  paper, 
oil  cloth,  carpets  and  other  decorative  material.  He  has  been  eminently  successful  from  the  start,  the  striking  originality  and  artistic 
excellence  of  his  designs  having  at  once  attracted  attention,  and  his  services  are  now  in  great  demand  by  the  leading  manufactm-ers  of  the 
country.  Mr.  Stein  is  deservedly  popular  both  in  trade  and  social  circles  and  fully  merits  the  striking  success  he  has  attained  by  his  skill 
perseverance  and  ability. 

>-■- ERE  LOTT  &  CO.,  Engravers,  Etc.,  No.  113  and  120  Walker  Street.— It  is  especially  within  our  province  to  record  the  establishment 
--  I  of  new  enterprises  in  the  great  channels  of  trade,  and  therefore  in  this  review  of  the  industries  of  the  Empire  City,  a  brief  notice  of 
\^  I  the  business  conducted  by  Messrs.  Jere  Lott  &  Co.,  engravers.  No.  118  and  130  Walker  Street,  should  prove  of  special  interest  to  our 
1  I  numerous  readers.  This  enterprise,  though  but  established  in  January  of  the  current  year,  bids  fair,  under  existing  favorable  aus- 
pices, to  rival  and  excel  many  older  established  houses  of  its  type  in  this  section  of  the  metropolis.  The  firm  consists  of  Messrs.  Jere 
Lott,  (born  in  Long  Island)  A.  W.  Band  and  M.  W.  Meyers  (born  in  Chicago),  young  and  energetic  business  men,  and  thoroughly  practical 
exponents  of  the  engraver's  art  in  all  its  varied  phases.  Their  leading  specialties  are  soap  dies  and  printing  plates,  but  they  are  fully  pre- 
pared to  furnish  at  short  notice  every  description  of  burning  brands,  steel  punches,  marking  plates,  brass  stamps,  shirt  and  collar  manufac- 
turers' brass  type,  etc.,  etc.,  the  facilities  of  the  house  in  these  specialties  being  first-class  in  every  particular.  The  members  of  the  firm,  in 
fact,  are  gentlemen  of  much  energy  and  enterprise,  who  have  engaged  in  this  business  with  the  laudable  intention  to  succeed  by  honest 
methods,  and,  as  before  premised,  unless  all  present  indications  fail,  that  success  is  assured  beyond  the  peradventure  of  a  doubt. 


200 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


NELSON  SECOR.  Commission  Merchant,  No.  189  Duane  Street.— Prominent  among  the  old-established  and  eminently  successful  houses 
in  this  city  engaged  in  the  commission  business  is  that  of  Mr.  Nelson  Secor,  located  at  No.  189  Duane  Street.  This  gentleman  estab- 
lished his  business  here  in  1857  and  has  occupied  the  present  location  for  about  thirty  years.  The  concern  is  one  of  the  oldest  m 
its  hne  in  the  city.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  tour  floors  and  a  basement,  with  a  large  ice  house  for  cold  storage,  and  in 
fact  every  facility  tor  prosecuting  the  business  successfully  and  on  a  large  scale.  He  makes  a  leading  specialty  of  handling 
butter,  cheese,  eggs  and  poultry,  also  dried  fruits  of  all  kinds.  He  is  daily  receiving  consignments  of  an  extensive  nature  direct  from  the 
best  producing  sources,  selling  them  readily  to  consumers  and  dealers  and  making  prompt  leturns.  The  house  has  tor  years  enjoyed  a  gen- 
erous patronage  from  the  hands  of  all  who  have  come  in  contact  with  it  in  a  business  way,  and  has  ever  retained  the  conlidence  of  the  public. 
Mr.  Secor  is  a  native  of  Orange  County,  N.  Y.  and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  forty  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange 
and  is  responsible,  reliable  and  honorable  in  all  his  business  methods. 

FRED  ADEE  &  CO.,  Plumbers'  Supplies,  No.  90  Beekman  Street.— The  leading  and  most  progressive  inventor  and  manufacturer  of 
plumbers'  supplies  in  this  city  is  unquestionably  Mr.  Fred  Adee,  whose  establishment  is  located  at  No.  90  Beekman  Street.  This  gen- 
tleman is  especially  prominent  in  the  trade  as  the  sole  manufacturer  of  the  "  A.  D."  Syphon  Water  Closet.  This  is  the  only  double 
trapped  syphon  water  closet  that  effectually  and  positively  prevents  foul  air  from  escaping  into  the  room,  either  through  the  flush 
pipe  and  out  at  the  cistern  or  at  the  arm  of  the  bowl.  This  feature  is  secured  by  the  curved  passage  in  supply  opening  which  traps 
the  supply  or  flush  pipe  to  the  depth  of  about  six  inches,  and  is  of  the  utmost  nnportance  because  it  provides  ample  security  against  sewer  air 
in  the  event  of  the  syphoning  or  partial  emptying  of  the  lower  trap,  which  frequently  happens  even  when  rented  in  the  ordinary  way.  It 
is  the  only  closet  which  has  the  vents  properly  placed,  that  is,  so  that  they  cannot  be  clogged,  the  flow  being  away  from  instead  of  directly 
into  the  vent  opening  as  is  generally  the  case,  and  for  the  convenience  of  the  plumber,  being  adjustable  to  either  the  right  or  left  side.  Un- 
like all  so-called  wash-out  water  closets,  it  contains  about  six  inches  depth  of  water  in  the  bowl,  sufficient  to  immerse  excreta,  and  thereby 
reduce  the  diffusion  of  disagreeable  odors  to  the  minimum,  as  well  as  to  flush  the  soil  pipe  at  each  discliarge;  also  a  very  important  feature. 
We  wish  to  call  special  attention  to  these  claims,  because  the  particular  contingencies  to  which  we  refer  are  of  such  vital  importance  in  an 
article  of  this  kind,  and  are  so  frequently  overlooked.  The  cistern  is  a  model  of  simplicity,  and  the  best  ever  constructed.  The  operation  is 
prompt,  reliable  and  as  nearly  noiseless  as  can  be  attained.  The  apparatus  complete,  considered  sanitarily  or  otherwise,  is  the  nearest  to 
perfection  that  has  thus  far  been  produced.  Mr.  Adee  is  also  sole  agent  for  J.  Zane  &  Co.'s  goods,  F.  Adee's  patent  traps  and  bath  fixtures, 
F.  Adee's  patent  enameled  drip  trays,  Foley's  patent  basin  and  bath  valves,  "  The  Boss  "  stop  cock  and  boxes,  etc.  He  established  his  busi- 
ness here  in  1866,  and  enjoys  a  reputation  and  a  trade  thoroughly  national  in  extent,  and  eminently  creditable  in  character.  The  business 
premises  comprise  an  entire  four-story  building  ii  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  in  which  is  shown  the  various  specialties  of  the  house  in  work- 
ing order,  where  a  large  and  complete  stock  is  kept  on  hand  to  the  end  that  no  delay  may  be  experienced  in  the  filling  of  orders.  Tbe  bus- 
iness transacted  forms  an  important  factor  in  the  mercantile  activity  of  the  metropolis,  and  is  of  a  character  to  reflect  the  highest  credit  upon 
the  ability  and  skill  of  the  founder  and  proprietor.  Mr.  Adee  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  an  expert  and  practical 
plumber,  and  an  inventor  of  genius  and  originality,  whose  success  has  been  attained  on  the  strict  basis  of  merit. 


TUTTLE  &  BAILEY'  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Hot  Air  Registers, 
Ventilators,  Etc.,  No,  83  Beekman  Street.— There  is  no  more  influ- 
ential, typical  representative  of  the  heating  and  ventilating  indus- 
try in  the  United  States  than  the  Tuttle  &  Bailey  Manufacturing 
Co.,  whose  headquarters  are  located  at  No.  8.3  Beekman  Street,  this 
city.  The  development  of  the  business  of  this  corporation  has  had  tew  par- 
allels in  the  trade,  largely  due  to  the  impressive  tact  that  its  officers  are 
practical  manufacturers,  know  what  the  public  want,  and  are  enabled  to 
supply  the  same  by  reason  of  their  vast  resources  and  magnificent  facilities. 
The  business  was  founded  in  1845  by  Messrs.  Tuttle  &  Bailey,  and  in  1889  the 
present  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Y'ork, 
with  James  S.  Bailey,  president;  Silas  Tuttle,  vice-president;  WilUam  Og- 
den,  treasurer;  Frederick  W.  Tuttle,  secretary.  The  qualifications  of  these 
gentlemen  are  of  the  highest  order,  and  they  unite  vast  practical  experience 
with  sound  judgment,  fine  executive  abilities  and  progressive  energy  and 
enterprise.  The  business  premises  comprise  a  five-stor^  building,  -40  x  100 
feet  in  dimensions,  and  have  unsurpassed  facilities  at  their  factory  in  Brook- 
lyn, covering  half  a  block  for  insuring  rapid  and  perfect  production.  The 
company  controls  the  most  popular  patterns  of  warm  air  registers,  ventila- 
tors, screens,  borders,  etc.,  on  tlie  market;  the  management  has  solved  the 
most  difficult  problems  involved,  and  have  introduced  many  exclusive  im- 
provements, which,  combined  with  correct  principles  of  construction  and 
the  care  bestowed  in  making  and  fitting  the  castings,  have  produced  a  regis- 
ter easily  operated,  perfectly  controlled,  and  when  closed,  entirel.y  exclud- 
ing the  air.  The  demand  for  variety  in  design  of  register  faces  to  harmonize 
with  different  surroundings,  has  been  successfully  met  by  this  enterprising 
company.  Their  jiatterns  range  from  the  severe  "  plain  lattice  "  to  the 
ornate  "  renaissance,"  tlie  moresque,  Japanese,  Indian  lattice,  flamboyant 
and  other  styles.  Tuttle's  patent  "  Glide  Movement "  registers  have  many 
advantages  peculiar  to  themselves.  The  Florentine  pattern  is  a  beauty,  and 
designed  more  especially  for  the  higher  grades  of  finish  such  as  electro- 
plated brass,  copper  and  nickel,  and  solid  brass  and  bronze.    Tuttle's  patent 

chandelier  ventilator  is  more  ornamental  than  the  ordinary  plaster  centner  piece,  and  being  connected  with  .a  flue  leading  to  the  outer  air» 
affords  a  perfect  outlet  for  unwholesome  gases  and  heated  air.  These  registers  and  ventilators  are  recognized  by  the  trade  everywhere  as 
the  best  sellers  and  to  give  the  most  perfect  satisfaction  of  any  in  the  market.  \  splendid  stock  of  these  specialties  is  constantly  kept  on 
hand,  from  which  the  largest  orders  are  promptly  filled,  and  the  trade  is  immense  and  influential  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  A 
branch  establishment  is  also  operated  at  No.  64  Union  Street,  Boston.  The  Messrs.  Tuttle,  Bailey  &  Ogden  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the 
marked  success  attending  their  ably  directed  efforts  in  sustaining  this  old  and  honored  house  at  the  head  of  the  trade. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  261 

FERNON  MANXTFACTtTRIN'G  CO.,  Manufacturers  Fernon's  Vegetable  Oil,  Instant  Relief  for  Catarrh,  Headache,  Toothache,  Neuralgia, 
Etc.,  No.  18  N.  William  St.— B.v  the  unanimous  voice  of  public  opinion,  Fernon's  Vegetable  Oil  is  accorjed  the  foremost  place  among 
similar  remedies  now  before  the  American  people,  and  is  highly  esteemed  as  a  safe,  sure  and  speedy  cure  for  catarrh,  headache, 
toothache  and  neuralgia.  This  valuable  natural  product  has  been  before  the  public  since  1888,  and  its  genuine  character  and  abso- 
lute reliabiUty  enabled  it  to  overcame  all  popular  prejudice,  so  strong  against  patent  medicines  generally,  and  to  be  regarded  as  a 
standard  article  of  stock  by  retail  druggists  throughout  the  whole  of  the  United  States.  Fernon's  Vegetable  Oil  is  manufactured  by  the 
Fernon  Manufacturing  Company  of  No.  18  N.  William  street,  the  inventor  and  sole  proprietor  being  Mr.  James  Fernon,  who  is  a  New 
Yorker  by  birth,  and  now  of  middle  age.  The  office  and  salesroom  at  the  location  noted  consist  of  two  floors,  each  -20  feet  by  3,5  feet  in 
dimensions,  and  are  well  appointed  to  the  exigencies  of  the  business:  four  duly  qualified  assistants  being  regularly  employed,  and  a  large 
stock  of  the  Fernon's  Vegetable  Oil  kept  constantly  on  hand  in  bottles  retailed  at  25  cents  each. 

BROOKLYN  HILLS  IMPROVEMENT  COMPANY,  ISH  Stewart  Building,  No.  380  Broadway,  Local  Office,  Woodhaven  Junction. -The 
rapid  development  of  the  real  estate  market.ot  New  York  and  the  steadily  enhancing  values  of  choice  property  within  easy  reach  of  the 
city,  render  the  financial  interests  involved  of  paramount  importance.  No  form  of  investment  has  latterly  become  so  popularwith 
conservative  investors  as  eligibly  located  suburban  property,  and  prominent  among  the  corporations  in  this  city  making  the  wants 
of  that  class  of  purchasers  their  special  study  is  the  Brooklyn  Hills  Improvement  Company,  whose  offices  are  located  in  Stewart 
Building,  No.  280  Broadway.  This  company  own  a  tract  of  land  at  Woodhaven  Junction,  L.  I.,  which  property  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  Brooklyn  &  Jamaica  Road  and  Electric  Railroad;  on  tli*  west  by  the  Woodhaven  &  Rockaway  Beach  Railroad;  and  on  the  south  by 
Atlantic  Avenue,  the  Rapid  Transit  Railroad  and  Ozone  Park.  The  Woodhaven  &  Rockaway  Beach  Railroad  have  a  station  on  the  property 
at  which  all  trains  stop;  running  time  from  Long  Island  City,  fifteen  minutes.  The  Brooklyn  Elevated  from  the  Bridge  and  the  Broadway 
"L  "  from  Grand  Street  Ferry  already  run  to  a  point  near  this  property  and  will  soon  be  extended  to  it.  The  property  can  also  be  conven- 
iently reached  by  the  Rapid  Transit  on  Atlantic  Avenue,  the  new  Electric  railroad  from  Brooklyn  to  Jamaica  and  by  trains  on  the  South  Side 
Railroad  of  Long  Island  to  Ricluuond  Hill  or  Morris  Park;  so  that  in  point  of  accessibiUty  from  all  parts  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  this  prop- 
erty is  peculiarly  favorably  situated,  being  nearer,  in  point  of  time,  to  business  in  New  York  than  13.5th  Street,  and  oidy  fifteen  minutes  from 
Brooklyn's  business  center.  The  East  River  Tunnel,  now  an  assured  thing,  will  give  communication  from  New  York,  without  change,  to  this 
property  in  twenty  minutes.  Commutation  fare  is  only  forty-four  dollars  a  year,  or  twelve  cents  a  day.  Woodhaven  and  Ozone  Park  adjoin 
each  other  and  this  property  on  the  south.  Both  are  beautiful,  rapidly  growing  places.  Lots  purchased  at  present  prices  will  double  in  value 
in  three  years.  The  principal  streets  have  been  graded,  and  trees  planted  bordering  the  same,  by  the  company.  The  Woodhaven  Water 
Supply  Company  have  laid  their  pipes  through  the  property  and  contracted  with  the  company  to  furnish  an  ample  supply  of  pure  and 
excellent  water  to  residents  at  rates  not  exceeding  those  paid  in  Brooklyn.  Gas  will  also  be  arranged  for  and  all  the  comforts,  conveniences 
and  desirable  associations  of  city  life  without  its  objections,  discomforts  and  taxes,  will  here  tje  provided.  The  location  is  the  most  health- 
ful on  Long  Island  free  from  malaria  and  mosquitoes  and  near  to  Jamaica  Bay  and  Rockaway  Beach,  thus  combining  the  advantages  of  the 
seashore,  the  city  and  the  country  in  one  locality.  Lots  will  be  sold  if  desired  on  the  installment  plan,  ten  dollars  cash  and  the  same  amount 
monthly  until  paid  for,  while  the  company  will  arrange  to  have  houses  built  on  easy  terms.  The  Brooklyn  Hills  Improvement  Company 
was  incorporated  December  13, 1887,  with  a  capital  stock  of  S300,000  and  is  officered  as  follows,  viz.:  John  S.  Long,  president:  Attila  Cox, 
vice-president;  John  S.  Cain,  secretary;  W.  S.  Wymond,  treasurer;  L.  C.  Whiton,  attorney:  C.  G.  Davison,  manager.  These  gentlemen  are 
endowed  with  all  those  qualifications  necessary  to  command  the  confidence  of  the  conservative  public  and  form  a  tower  of  strength  in  pro- 
moting the  success  of  this  undertaking.  Mr.  Davison  is  an  experienced  real  estate  manager,  who  will  be  found  at  the  office  of  the  company 
prepared  to  give  all  requisite  information  as  to  the  property,  and  is  a  gentleman  with  whom  it  is  always  a  pleasure  to  do  business. 

GOLD  CAR  HE.VTING  COMPANY.  Inventors  and  Manufacturers  of  Car  Heating  .\pparatus.  Compound  Coils  and  Other  Steam-Heating 
Appliances,  Bridge  Store  No.  tJ.  N.  E.  CornerFrankfortandCliff  Streets.— The  latest,  and  by  far  themost  successful  method  yet  adopted 
for  heating  railroad  and  steam  cars,  is  devised  and  presented  by  the  Gold  Car  Heating  Company,  who  occupy  Bridge  Store  No.  6,  N. 
E.  Corner  of  Frankfort  and  Clifl'  Streets.  The  business  here  so  successfully  conducted  was  originally  established  in  1883,  by  Messrs. 
Edward  E.  Gold  and  F.  W.  Wright,  as  E.  E.  Gold  &  Co.,  and  in  1887  the  present  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  with  Edward  E.  Gold,  president:  Frederick  W.  Wright,  treasurer;  C.  W.  Osborne,  secretary.  As  inventors  and  manu- 
facturers of  car  heating  apparatus,  compound  coils  and  other  steam-heating  appliances,  this  company  have  built  up  a  reputation  and  a 
trade  wliich  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  general  principles  of  the  Gold  Car  Heating  Company  for  heating 
railroad  cars  using  steam  from  the  locomotive,  are:  1.  The  passing  of  drj-  steam  direct  from  the  locomotive  to  each  car  throughout  a  train 
without  leakage,  and  without  any  appreciable  absorption  of  steam-power  from  the  locomotive  for  use  in  effecting  the  comfortable  and 
safe  heating  of  each  car.  2.  The  absolute  control  and  regulation  of  the  supply  of  steam  at  the  locomotive  and  on  each  car  of  a  train,  the 
supply  of  steam  for  each  car  being  entirely  independent  of  the  supply  for  any  other  car.  .5.  The  satisfactory  disposition  of  the  condensed 
steam  after  heat  given  off  has  been  utilized  in  warming  the  cars,  thus  allowing  of  a  continual  supply  of  dry  steam  throughout  the  train  and 
preventing  the  freezing  under  any  conriitionof  any  part  of  the  apparatus.  Each  and  every  appliance  of  this  company  has  been  carefully 
perfected  and  its  utility  demonstrated  by  practical  use.  Their  systems  of  heating  in  their  entiret.y  and  in  part  have  been  adopted  by  many 
railroads  after  the  most  careful  tests  made  under  ever.v  condition  that  ma.v  be  looked  for  during  any  winter  months.  The  most  promi- 
nent railroad  men  of  the  country  have  unhesitatingly  advised  their  adoption  after  personal  observation  of  the  manner  in  which  they  have 
worked  under  the  most  severe  conditions,  and  over  seven  thousand  heaters  have  been  placed  upon  steam  cars  by  this  company.  Among 
railroads  using  their  car  heating  appliances  may  be  named  the  Pennsylvania,  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
the  Boston  &  Maine,  the  Jlichigan  Central,  the  Boston  &  Providence,  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western, 
the  New  York  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  the  Wabash,  the  Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  Alleghen.y  Valley,  the  Burlington  &  Lamoille,  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Delaware.  Lackawanna  &  Western,  the  Duluth  South  Shore  &  Atlantic,  the  Evansville  &  Terra  Haute,  the  Kansas 
City,  Wyandotte  &  Northwestern,  the  Lehigh  Valle.y.  the  Long  Island,  the  New  York  &  Northern,  the  North  Hudson  County,  the  Providence 
Warren  &  Bristol,  the  Western  New  York  &  Penns.vlvania.  the  Western  Maryland,  the  West  Shore  and  man.y  others;  while  among  other 
users  may  be  nameil  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company,  the  Rogers  Locomotive  Works,  the  Mason  Manufacturing  Company,  the  Manhat- 
tan Railway,  the  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  the  Hoboken  ferry  boats,  the  Burton  Stock  Car  Company,  the  Barney  &  Smith  Manufacturing 
Company,  the  Des  Moines  Belt  Line  Railroad,  the  Fall  Brook  Coal  Company,  the  Gilhert  Car  Manufacturing  Company,  the  Intestate  Con- 
solidated Rapid  Transit  Railroad,  the  Leavenworth  Rapid  Transit  Railroad,  the  Laconia  Car  Company,  the  Sluncie  Street  Railway,  the  West 
End  Street  Railway  in  Boston,  etc.,  etc.  CoiT^orations  and  other  parties  interested  should  send  to  this  company  for  their  magnificent  illus- 
trated catalogue,  a  work  of  art  as  well  as  of  information.  The  management  of  the  company's  interests  is  entrusted  to  safe,  wise  and  expert 
hands  and  the  future  prosperity  and  brilliant  success  of  this  important  enterprise  is  thus  well  assured. 


262  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

r-y     B.  PACE  TOBACCO  CO.,  Richmond,  Va.,  New  York  Office,  No.  179  Water  Street.— Any  person  who  has  been  granted  the  courtesy  of 
-.^  I  a  stroll  through  the  great  tobacco  factories  of  Richmond  will  readily  admit  that  the  tobacco  trade  is  one  of  the  greatest  industries- 

fe)  I  in  the  world.     One  of  the  most  noted  firms  engaged  in  this  line  is  the  J.  B.  Pace  Tobacco  Co..  who  have  their  New  York  house 

1  I  •  at  No.  179  Water  Street,  under  the  charge  of  the  president  of  the  company,  J.  Ehrmann.  The  company  was  established  and  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  in  1882.  They  have  an  extensive  trade  throughout  the  United  States  and  Australia. 
Their  factory  is  one  of  the  largest  in  Richmond,  affording  employment  to  three  hundred  persons,  sometimes  five  hundred.  They  make  a 
specialty  of  manufacturing  plug  tobaccos,  including  sweet  navy,  twists,  coils,  plug  cuts.  etc. ;  the  brand  known  as  Mastiff  plug^  cut  being  largely 
sold  in  the  far  west  and  New  York.  They  also  make  Sweet  navy,  Cut  smoking,  Scroll  tag  twists,  Kentucky  smile.  Escort.  Last,  Cut  scroll  twisty 
Vesta  and  Cross  Swords.  Their  stock,  which  is  very  extensive,  is  represented  at  the  New  York  office  by  samples,  all  orders  being  filled  at 
the  factory,  which  is  supplied  with  all  of  the  modern  machinery  and  steam-power.  The  officers  of  this  great  concern  are  three  in  number. 
J.  Ehrmann,  the  president,  is  a  native  of  Germany  and  makes  his  headquarters  in  New  York,  as  does  also  the  secretary,  S.  Oberfelder,  who 
is  a  young  man,  born  in  this  city.  The  manager  is  J.  H.  Neimyer,  a  native  of  the  this  country  and  lives  at  Richmond.  The  characteristics  of 
this  firm  are  noted  as  being  in  strict  accordance  with  the  law  of  commercial  integrity.  The  gentlemen  who  guide  the  affairs  of  the  Pace 
Tobacco  Co.  are  upright,  energetic  officers,  whose  policy  has  been  to  supply  the  choicest  line  of  goods,  a  fact  which  accounts  for  the  large 
share  of  success  which  the  company  enjoys.  " 

GB.  CURTIS,  Real  Estate,  Broker  and  Appraiser.  No.  301  Broadway.— In  the  real  estate  world  more  than  in  most,  success  brings  suc- 
cess, especially  in  a  city  like  New  York,  where  the  very  heavy  sums  of  money  involved  in  many  of  the  transactions  naturally  makes 
property  ownere  very  chary  of  entrusting  their  interests  to  the  care  of  unknown  firms,  or  indeed  of  any  that  have  not  a  pretty 
•  lengthy  and  unimpeachable  record.  Hence  thirty-one  years  of  association  with  the  profession  on  the  part  of  Mr.  G.  B.  Curtis  as  a 
real  estate  agent,  are  even  in  themselves,  a  source  of  confidence,  and,  in  conjunction  with  the  well-known  ability  of  its  enterprising 
and  well  informed  proprietor,  has  led  to  many  transactions  of  notable  importance  being  placed  in  the  firm's  hands,  in  addition  to  a  heavy 
amount  of  business  of  a  more  general  character.  Mr.  G.  B.  Curtis,  as  might  be  expected  in  the  ease  of  one  who  has  so  assiduously  pursued 
the  professional  avocation  for  little  short  of  a  generation,  and  who  is  in  close  touch  with  all  the  more  eminent  real  estate  men.  is  exception- 
ally well  informed  of  whatever  is  moving  in  the  city,  and  well  acquainted  with  the  value  of  all  available  property  on  the  market  in  each  sec- 
tion of  the  city.  Hence  his  advice  is  found  of  great  pecuniary  value  to  clients,  and  his  services  are  in  steady  request  among  the  most  influen- 
tial and  wealthy  citizens,  in  connection  with  all  branches  of  real  estate  business.  Mr.  Curtis,  who  founded  his  business  in  I860,  on  Sixth  Ave- 
nue, and  has  conducted  it  for  the  past  teu  years  on  Broadway,  and  past  three  years  at  No.  291,  is  a  well-known  member  of  the  Real  Estate 
Exchange.    He  was  born  in  New  York. 

GB.  HORTON  &  CO.,  Tanners  of  Hemlock  Sole  Leather,  Nos.  78  and  80  Gold  Street.— A  prominent  and  widely  known  house  in  New 
York  engaged  in  the  leather  industry,  is  that  of  Messrs.  G.  B.  Horton  &  Co.,  whose  business  quarters  are  located  at  Nos.  78  and  80 
Gold  Street,  while  their  tannery  is  at  Ridgeway.  The  business  of  this  establishment  was  founded  in  1865  by  Messrs.  Gurdon  B.  Hor- 
*  ton,  J.  B.  Ratcliff,  and  Melvin  Horton.  the  latter  since  deceased,  the  survivuig  members  being  Messrs.  Gurdon  B.  Horton  and  John 
B.  Ratcliff,  both  of  whom  are  natives  of  this  state.  Mr.  Horton  is  descended  from  a  long  line  of  tanners,  his  great-great-grandfather 
to  his  father  having  all  been  engaged  in  this  industry.  His  great-grandfather,  William  Horton,  tanned  the  first  side  of  leather  ever  made  in 
Delaware  County,  N.  Y.  Tliis  was  about  1798.  and  prior  to  this  William  Horton's  father,  Daniel  Horlou.  had  tanned  leather  at  Peekskill. 
At  their  Ridgeway  tannery  the  firm  tan  Calcutta  Buffalo,  making  a  very  superior  grade  of  hemlock  sole  leather,  and  employment  is  found 
for  a  force  of  two  hundred  hands.  They  act  as  agents  for  the  export  of  Berkshire,  Leicester,  and  Newark  Valley  leather.  Mr.  G.  B.  Horton 
and  his  cousin,  Mr.  Eugene  Horton,  are  proprietors  of  the  Nalango  Tannery  at  Johnson  City,  Tenn.,  where  they  maimfacture  a  line  of  fine 
scoured  oak  backs  for  the  custom  trade.  At  their  Gold  Street  salesroom  a  large  stock  is  carried,  and  orders  from  any  part  of  the  United 
States  meet  with  prompt  fulfillment. 

EP.  LOOMIS  &  CO.,  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Apples,  Onions,  Potatoes.  Commission  Merchants.  Importers  of  Fruit  and  Produce  from 
Europe,  Bermuda  and  other  ports,  California  and  Oregon  Dried  Fruits  a  Specialty,  No.  95  Barclay  Street.— The  admirable  facilities 
for  cheap  transportation  by  water,  the  many  advantages  afforded  by  an  extensive  and  comj^lex  system  of  railways,  and  the  fact 
*  that  this  is  the  principal  shipping  port  in  America,  have  all  conduced  to  make  New  York  the  leading  market  in  the  country  for  the 
disposal  of  produce  and  food  supplies  of  all  kinds.  One  of  the  most  prominent  houses  engaged  in  this  line  is  that  of  Messrs.  E.  P. 
LoomJs  &  Co.,  whose  headquarters  are  at  No.  95  Barclay  Street,  and  who  have  four  large  warehouses  out-of-town,  two  at  Orleans  County,  N. 
Y.,  and  two  at  Monroe  County,  N.  Y.  The  business  of  this  house  was  founded  in  1868  by  Messrs.  E.  P.  and  N.  H.  Loomis.  In  1878  the  latter's 
death  occurred,  and  the  surviving  partner,  Mr.  E.  P,  Loomis,  took  into  partnership  Mr.  T.  A.  W^atsou,  who  had  been  with  the  house  from  its 
foundation,  and  the  business  has  since  been  continued  under  the  firm  name  of  E.  P.  Loomis  &  Co.  The  premises  occupied  on  Barclay  Street 
comprise  two  buildings,  one  having  five  floors,  one  two  floors,  and  each  floor  has  dimensions  of  25  x  90  feet.  Employment  is  furnished  in  the 
various  departments  to  some  fifty  hands,  and  the  firm  prosecute  a  very  extensive  business  as  commission  merchants,  wholesale  dealers  ia 
apples^  onions,  and  potatoes,  importers  of  fruit  and  produce  from  Europe,  Bermuda  and  elsewhere.  They  receive  large  and  frequent  con- 
signments from  the  leading  productive  sections  of  the  Union,  and  make  a  leading  specialty  of  California  and  Oregon  dried  fruits.  The  firm 
sell  chiefly  in  car  load  lots,  and  have  a  large  export  trade  with  the  West  Indies.  The  manner  in  which  the  business  is  conducted  is  such  as 
to  inspire  the  confidence  of  those  with  whom  Messi-s.  Loomis  &  Co.  entertain  business  relations,  and  entitles  them  to  more  commendation  than 
the  character  of  this  work  will  permit. 

HANS  REES'  SONS,  Cutters  of  Men's  and  Women's  Oak  Soles  from  Scoured  Oak  Backs.  Tanners  of  Oak  Belting  Butts.  Scoured 
Backs,  Sole  and  Rough  Leather,  Nos.  17  and  19  Ferry  Street,  Factory,  Nos.  3,  5  and  7  Hague  Street.— The  leather  industry  is  a 
leading  feature  of  tlie  commercial  resources  of  the  metropolis,  an  immense  amount  of  capital  being  invested  in  this  line,  and  one  of 
the  leading  representative  houses  of  the  kind  is  that  of  Messrs.  Hans  Rees'  Sons,  whose  headquarters  are  situated  at  Nos.  17  and  19 
Ferry  Street,  while  their  factory  is  at  Nos.  3,  5  and  7  Hague  Street.  This  establishment  has  been  in  steady  operation  for  over  a  half 
century,  and  it  is  favorably  known  to  the  trade  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  industry  was  founded  in  1840  by  Messrs.  Hans  Rees 
and  J  .  B.  Hoyt,  at  No.  29  Ferry  Street.  The  venture  was  a  decided  success,  and,  in  1855,  Mr.  Rees  having  accumulated  a  fortune,  went  West 
remaining  until  18G0,  when  he  returned,  and,  in  company  with  his  sons,  again  embarked  in  business.  He  again  retired  in  1874,  and  on  Jtdy  2, 
1885.  his  death  occurred,  after  a  long,  useful  and  highly  honorable  business  career.  The  members  of  the  firm.  Messrs.  Norman  I.,  Arthur  F.  and 
Frank  Rees,  sons  of  Jlr.  Hans,  have  had  mature  experience  in  the  leather  industry,  and  are  thoroughly  conversant  with  all  its  details.  They 
carry  on  active  operations  as  tanners  of  oak  belting  butts,  scoured  backs,  sole  and  rough  leather,  and  as  cutters  of  men's  and  women's  oak 
soles,  from  scoured  oak  backs  of  their  Prospect  tannage.  The  factory  is  a  five-story  building,  50  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  equipped  with 
steam-power  and  first-class  machinery,  and  emiiloyraent  is  afforded  forty  hands.  The  sole  cutting  plant  was  put  in  three  years  ago,  and 
about  one  million  soles  are  turned  out  yearly.  The  trade  of  the  house  reaches  to  all  parts  of  the  Union,  and  an  immense  stock  is  carried  to 
meet  the  active  demand,  all  shipments  being  made  without  delay. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  263 

BINGHASI  BROTHERS  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Machine-Cast  Printers' Rollers,  Roller  Composition  and  Padding  Glues,  Nos.  49  and  51 
Rose  Street.— An  industry  contingent  upon  the  printing  trade  which  has  been  developed  to  proportions  of  much  magnitude  and 
importance  in  the  Empire  City,  is  that  of  the  production  of  printers'  rollers  and  roller  composition,  and  a  leading  house  engaged  in 
this  branch  of  manufacture  is  that  of  the  Bingham  Brothers  Company,  situate  at  Nos.  40  and  51  Rose  Street.  This  concern  has  been 
in  operation  for  upward  of  forty  years,  and  is  now  the  largest  engaged  in  the  industry.  The  tmsiness  was  originally  founded  in 
1&48  by  Mr.  Samuel  Bingham,  who  directed  its  alTairs  up  to  1866,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Mr.  L.  K.  Bingham,  and  some  years  later 
the  firm  became  Bingham,  Daley  &  O'Hara.  The  latter  continued  in  the  control  up  to  the  present  year,  when  the  present  cojnpany  was 
organized  and  incorporated  under  the  state  laws  of  New  Jersey,  the  offlcers  being  Herbert  M.  Bingham,  president;  Charles  Bingham,  secre- 
tary; Fi-ederick  L.Bingham,  treasurer.  These  gentlemen  are  grandsons  of  the  founder  of  the  business,  and  are  favorably  known  in  the 
community  as  reliable  manufacturers  and  progressive  business  men.  The  premises  occupied  have  an  area  of  a-2  x  100  feet  and  are  equipped 
with  the  most  improved  mechanical  appliances  operated  by  steam-power,  the  outfit  including  rapid  roller  casting  machines,  the  invention  of 
L.  K.  Bingham.  A  force  of  experienced  workmen  is  employed,  and  the  company  manufacture  a  general  line  of  machine-cast  printers' 
rollers,  roller  composition  and  psidding  glues.  These  are  known  under  the  special  trade  marks  of  "  Star,"  '■  Diamond  "  and  "  Crescent,"  and 
are  unrivaled  for  durability  and  uniform  excellence  of  quality.  The  trade  supplied  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  all  orders 
are  promptly  filled  upon  the  most  acceptable  terms. 

■■-*  J.  WADDELL  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Sand  Paper,  Glue,  Emery,  Whiting,  Chalk,  Bath  Brick,  Etc.,  No.  52  Beek- 
m^  man  Street.— In  this  city  there  are  many  large  industrial  and  trading  houses  concerned  in  the  handling  of  pumice  stone,  sandpaper, 
I  \  glue,  emery,  etc.,  but  the  num!)er  of  these  that  have  assumed  proportions  warranting  their  receiving  mention  concurrently  with  the 
■*■  V  •  eminent  firm  of  R.  J.  Waddell  &  Co.,  of  No.  62  Beekman  Street,  is  strictly  limited;  the  house  specifically  referred  to  being  one  that 
was  inaugurated  at  as  early  a  date  as  the  year  \XS7,  and  that  has  gradually  achieved  a  fame  of  a  scarcely  rivaled  kind,  and  secured 
a  trade  which,  growing  year  by  year,  now  extends  throughout  all  parts  of  the  Union ;  the  scope  of  its  operations  including  both  manufacture 
and  importation,  and  relating  to  the  "  Improved  National,"  the  "  Metropolitan,"  and  the  "  Manhattan  "  flint  and  emery  papers,  emery  cloth, 
glue,  ground  flint,  crocus,  bath  brick,  etc.  For  the  purposes  of  the  business  a  five-story  building,  with  an  amplitude  on  each  floor  of  S,500 
superficial  feet,  is  occupied  at  the  address  previously  indicated,  and  every  available  foot  of  this  is  utilized  for  the  carrying  of  heavy  lines  of 
each  description.  A  leading  specialty  is  made  of  pumice  stone,  their  factory  and  mills  at  Brooklyn  being  required  to  run  both  night  and 
day,  the  output  being  some  1,500  tons  per  year.  They  are  also  sole  agents  in  the  United  States  for  Leach  Neal  ,£  Co's.  H.  B.  Venetian  Red, 
sold  from  store  or  to  arrive  at  New  York,  Philadelphia.  Baltimore  or  New  Orleans,  and  in  addition  they  largely  handle  oxides,  Indian  reds, 
drop  blacks,  etc.  With  such  old  associations  the  firm  is  in  the  closest  touch  with  the  great  manufacturing  concerns,  receiving  special  con- 
cessions, and  is  able  to  offer  patrons  inducements  of  a  correspondingly  attractive  kind;  which  it  does  with  the  most  gratifying  results.  Mr. 
R.  J.  Waddell,  who  took  over  the  proprietorship  in  18G8,  in  succession  to  its  founder,  Mr.  G.  Wbitmore,  has  since  directed  affairs  with  con- 
summate skill  and  pronounced  success. 

WM.  HARL.\ND  &  SON,  Japan  and  Varnish  ^Innufacturers,  No.  4  Gold  Street.— The  most  widely  known  and,  most  notable  firm  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  varnish  and  kindred  preparations  in  the  world  to-day,  is  without  doubt  that  of  Wm.  Harland  &.  Son, 
whose  works  and  headquarters  are  at  Jlerton,  Surrey,  England,  with  branches  also  at  No.  3i  Rue  de  Turin.  Paris,  France,  and 
No.  7  Via  Mazzini.  Milan.  Italy,  and  whose  New  York  house,  F.  C.  Reynolds,  manager,  is  located  at  No.  4  Gold  Street.  The  con- 
cern mentioned  is  one  of  the  very  oldest  as  well  as  the  largest  leading  establishment  of  the  kind  in  existence,  and  for  just  one 
hundred  years  has  been  in  successful  operation.  The  Messrs.  Harland  are  manufacturers  of  a  class  of  Japans  and  varnishes  of  exceptional 
merit,  and  their  productions  have  secured  distinct  recognition  throughout  the  civilized  world,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  at  which 
the  same  are  maintained.  The  Harland  English  varnishes,  which  are  adapted  for  use  in  every  season  and  climate,  are  noted  for  their 
brilliancy,  rapidly  drying  properties,  reliability  and  durability,  and  are  notably  economical.  They  are,  in  short,  the  ne  plus  ultra  of 
coach  and  hardwood  varnishes— the  best  and  cheapest  on  the  market.  This  flourishing  enterprise  had  inception  in  1T91.  and  during  the 
entire  century  since  intervening  the  productions  have  been  steadily  growing  in  favor.  The  manufacturing  plant  of  the  firm  at  Merton  is  very 
extensive  and  completely  equipiwd  with  all  the  latest  improved  appliances  and  appurtenances,  and  employment  is  furnished  there  to  some 
five  hundred  hands.  In  order  to  meet  the  requirements  of  wide-spread  and  increasing  demand  for  these  goods  in  'the  United  States,  the 
Messrs.  Harland  decided  to  establish  a  branch  house  in  this  city  and  accordingly  in  the  year  1888,  opened  the  office  and  salesroom  at  the 
location  above  indicated.  Mr.  Reynolds  Ls  now  their  agent.  The  quarters  occupied  at  No.  4  Gold  Street  are  commodious,  ample  and  well- 
ordered,  several  clerks  and  salesmen  being  employed,  and  a  large  first-class  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand,  including  japans,  varnishes, 
dryers,  patent  filling-up  powder,  gold  size  and  fine  coach  colors  both  dry  and  ground  in  Japan.  Every  ai-ticle  sold  is  fully  warranted,  while 
the  prices  quoted  are  remarkably  low.  quality  of  goods  considered,  the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade.  Mr.  Reynolds 
was  born  and  brought  up  in  England,  and  is  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  business. 

■w-  »-NAPP  ct  VAN  NOSTR AND,  Poultry  and  Game.  Nos.  208  and  216  Washington  Street —There  is  not  one  among  the  many  notable  firms 
ly  contributing  to  the  sum  of  business  activity  in  the  produce  district  more  worthy  of  special  mention  in  this  review  than  that  of  Knapp 
lA  &  Van  Nostrand,  wholesale  dealers  in  poultry  and  game  at  Nos.  208  and  216  Washington  Street.  Their  house  is  perhaps  one  of  t'.ie  old- 
"*■  V  est  and  most  widely  known  establishments  of  the  kind  in  New  York,  and  for  sixty -eight  years  has  been  a  prominent  factoi-  in  its 
line.  The  trade  of  the  firm  too,  is  exceedingly  large,  extending  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada,  while  they  export  in  very 
considerable  quantities  also  to  Europe.  They  handle  only  choice  stock,  receiving  consignments  daily  from  various  sections  of  the  country, 
and  can  always  fill  the  largest  orders  at  short  notice,  their  facilities  in  this  respect  being  unequaled.  This  veteran  and  representative  liouse 
■was  established  in  182.3  by  Eldridge  Packer,  who  was  succeeded  by  Eklridge  Packer  &  Son,  who  were  in  turn  succeeded  by  Packer  &  Knapp, 
In  1850  the  business  passed  into  control  of  the  senior  member  of  the  present  firm.  H.  W.  Knapp.  who  conducted  the  same  alone  up  to  1877, 
when  he  associated  with  him  in  partnership  D.  R.  Van  Nostrand.  and  under  the  joint  management  of  these  gentlemen  it  has  since  been  con- 
tinued with  eminent  success.  They  occupy  two  commodious  five-story  buildings,  with  the  most  superior  and  ample  cold  storage  and  other 
facilities  in  connection  besides,  and  from  fifteen  to  twenty  in  help  are  here  employed,  in  addition  to  several  traveling  salesmen.  A  carefully 
assorted  and  large  stock  is  constantly  carried  on  hand,  including  everything  in  the  line  of  poultry,  wild  fowl  and  same  of  every  variety  in  sea- 
son, and  all  orders  by  telephone  ("4.>15  Cortlandt"),  mail  or  otherwise  are  attended  to  in  the  most  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner,  while 
bottom  prices  are  quoted,  the  most  liljeral  inducements  being  offered  to  dealers.  The  members  of  the  firm,  who  are  both  New  Yorkers  by 
birth,  are  men  of  entire  reliability  in  their  business  relations  as  well  a«  of  energy  and  experience,  and  are  thoroughly  conversant  with  the 
wants  of  the  trade.  Mr.  Van  Nostrand  is  a  young  man  of  thirty-five  years  of  age,  while  Mr.  Knapp  is  a  gentleman  of  sixty-five.  Messrs. 
Knapp  and  Van  Nostrand,  with  Mr.  N.  E.  Hendrickson.  are  also  proprietors  of  the  extensive  and  excellenllv  equipped  cold  storage  warehouse 
conducted  under  the  style  of  the  Arctic  Freezing  Company,  and  is  eligibly  located  at  Nos.  119, 120  and  121  West  Street,  near  Dey  Street. 


264  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

GEO.  H.  SANBORN  &  SONS,  Manufacturers  of  JIacliinery  for  Bookbiiulers.  Printers,  Lithographeis,  Paper  3Iakei-s,  Paper  Box  Ma- 
kers, Etc..  Office  and  Wareroonis.  No.  69  Beekman  Street.— The  leading  hea<lquarters  in  the  metropolis  for  paper  cutting  machines 
and  other  machinery  for  printers,  bookbinders  and  paper-box  makers  is  the  estabhshmeiit  of  Messrs.  Geo.  H.  Sanhoru  &  Sons,  located 
at  No.  69  Beekman  Street.  This  firm  are  widely  pruiuinent  as  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  Sanborn  Paper  Cutting  Machines;  also 
of  machinery  for  bookbinders,  printers,  lithogrophers,  paper  makers,  paper  bos  makers,  etc.  The  foundation  of  the  business  was 
laid  in  1852,  by  Mr.  George  H.  Sanborn,  who  came  hei-e  from  Portland,  I^Ie..  his  native  town.  He  admitted  his  two  sous,  Messrs.  H.  L.  and  G. 
E.  Sanborn  to  partnership  some  years  afterward.  Tlieir  warerooms  in  this  city  are  spacious  in  size,  and  are  kept  fully  stocked  with  the  val- 
uable si^ecialties  for  tlie  manufacture  of  which  this  house  has  become  so  widely  famous.  The  firm  here  carry  without  doubt  the  largest  and 
most  complete  stock  of  paper  cutting  machines  and  book-binders'  machinery  in  the  country.  They  can  therefore  fill  all  orders  without  any 
delay.  The  ""  Gem  "  manufactured  by  this  firm  has  all  the  good  points  that  are  requisite  for  a  strictly  first-class  paper  and  card  cutter.  It 
combines  weight,  strength  and  great  power,  with  durability,  accuracy  and  ease  of  operation.  For  fine  cutting  this  machine  is  unsurpassed, 
while  it  presents  a  finished  and  handsome  appearance.  The  "  Eclipse  "  is  a  new  low-price  cutter  for  hand  and  power.  It  works  very  easily 
by  hand,  and  has  great  cutting  power.  It  is  far  superior  to  any  others  at  the  price.  Its  strength  and  power  are  warranted,  the  construction 
is  simple,  and  the  finish  and  general  workmanship  are  purely  "  Sanborn."  The  "  Star  "  is  the  most  rapid  working  machine  ever  produced. 
It  is,  therefore,  specially  adapted  for  trimming,  and  very  valuable  for  all  kinds  of  job  work,  either  in  a  book  bindery  or  printing  office.  Pur- 
chasers are  fully  assured  of  the  general  firm  construction  of  this  cutter,  and  it  is  a  uuiversal  favorite.  The  "  Star  "  book  trimmer  possesses 
the  vital  points  of  speed,  accuracy  and  strength  to  the  highest  degree  of  perfection.  The  list  of  machinery  made  and  sold  by  this  firm  also 
includes  paper  cutting  presses,  knife  grinding  machines,  iron  standing  presses,  stamping  presses,  embossing  presses,  rotary  card  cutters,  bev- 
eling machines,  perforating  machines,  gilding  presses,  paging  and  numbering  machines,  ruling  machines,  lithographers'  embossing  presses, 
wood  frame  shears,  scoring  and  cutting  machines,  etc.,  etc.,  all  in  their  various  sizes  and  styles.  Second-hand  machines  are  also  kept  in 
stock  and  sold  at  moderate  prices,  and  the  house  is  headquarters  for  bargains  in  everything  in  this  line.  The  trade  is  immense  and  influen- 
tial throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  Messrs.  Sanborn  are  known  and  honored  by  the  craft  everywhere  as  expert  leaders  iu 
their  industry,  whose  brilliant  success  has  been  honestly  won  and  is  well  deserved. 

"WIF  cKAY  &  DIX,  Ship  Brokers  and  Commission  Merchants,  No.  4.5  South  Street.— An  important  feature  of  the  commercial  activity 
/  W  ■  and  enterprise  for  which  the  metropolis  has  ever  been  noted,  and  one  which  has  borne  a  prominent  part  in  rearing  its  vast  busi- 
/  B  ness,  wealth  and  prosperity,  is  its  multifarious  shipping  interests.  Of  the  many  individuals  and  firms  who  have  been  instrumental 
"*■  "^  in  building  up  and  fostering  the  maritime  business  that  has  been  the  stepping  stone  to  the  city's  greatness,  no  one  house  has  done 
more  in  its  line  than  that  of  Messrs.  McKay  &  Dix,  the  well-known  ship  brokers  and  commission  merchants,  whose  offices  are 
eligibly  located  at  No.  45  South  Street.  The  individual  members  of  this  firm.  Messrs.  Laughlin  McKay  and  C.  B.  Dix,  are  both  large  vessel 
owners  and  have  followed  the  sea  for  years.  They  established  their  present  business  here  in  1S~6.  and  make  a  leading  specialty  of  importing 
Cryolite  from  Greenland  and  exporting  general  American  merchandise  to  that  country.  The  deposit  of  cryolite  at  Ivigtut,  in  Greenland, 
stands  unique  and  alone.  There  is  no  other  workable  mine  or  quarry  like  it  in  the  world.  Pure  cryolite,  to  the  ordinary  observer,  is  a  white 
stone.  It  is  a  good  deal  like  white  quartz  and  something  like  ice  that  has  a  mixture  of  snow  in  it.  Until  1864  the  entire  product  of  this  deposit 
went  to  Europe.  Then  the  Pennsylvania  Salt  Manufacturing  Company  of  Natrona  and  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  began  to  import  it.  The  difficulty 
which  they  first  encountered  was  to  get  the  cryolite  from  Ivigtut  to  Natrona.  When  j\Iessrs.  McKay  &  Dix  organized  their  business  here  in 
ISTlJ,  they  proposed  to  the  company  to  build  as  fast  as  possible  suitable  vessels  that  would  carry  all  the  cryolite  obtainable,  having  had  con- 
siderable experience  in  the  Greenland  trade  and  knew  what  kind  of  vessels  were  needed.  Their  proposition  was  acceptetl,  and  the  firm  have 
since  built  twelve  vessels,  and  under  the  management  of  this  firm  the  annual  importations  are  from  8.000  to  10.UI_K)  tons.  By  certain  processes 
Cryolite,  the  fluoride  of  sodium  and  aluminum,  is  converted  into  sal  soda  or  carbonate  of  soda,  into  bi-carbonate  of  soda,  into  alum  and  into 
caustic  soda.  To  chemists  the  processes  are  said  to  be  extremely  interesting  because  they  are  simple  and  because  the  products  are  absolutely 
pure,  the  alum  from  cryolite  being  unique  in  this  respect.  Cryolite  has  further  been  used  in  the  manufacture  of  opaque  glass.  Mixed  with 
sand  and  oxide  of  zinc,  a  glass  is  made  that  very  closely  resembles  porcelain  and  is  yet  almost  as  tough  as  iron.  Messrs.  McKay  &  Dix  are 
prepared,  by  reason  of  their  vast  practical  experience,  ample  resources  and  wide-spread  connections,  to  conduct  all  operations  under  the 
most  favorable  auspices,  handling  all  consignments  with  scrupulous  care.  Industry,  capability  and  attention  have  placed  them  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  shipping  and  commission  trade,  where  they  rightly  belong.  Mr.  McKay  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  while  :i\Ir.  Dix  is  a  native  of 
Maine.  Both  are  residents  of  Brooklyn,  in  the  active  prime  of  life,  and  enjoy  the  respect  and  confidence  of  their  fellow-men  in  all  the  varii.'us 
relations  of  life. 

-|— ^  EAD  HOLLIDAY  &  SONS,  (Limited),  Manufacturers  of  Aniline  Dyes.  Indigo  Extracts,  Dye  Stuffs  and  Chemicals,  No.  7  Piatt  Street. 
m^  —The  development  of  the  commerce  of  New  York  City  is  upon  a  most  extensive  scale;  every  phase  of  business  is  here  represented 
f  \  by  able  merchants  possessed  of  ample  resources,  enterprise  and  experience.  Prominent  among  the  number  is  the  representative  and 
V  widely  known  firm  of  Messrs.  Read  Holliday  &  Sons.  Liiu'd,  whose  works  aresituated  in  Huddersfield  and  AVakefield,  England;  Rouen. 
France,  and  Brooklyn,  New  York.  In  their  various  factories  over  one  thousand  five  hundred  men  find  emplopment.  This  flourish- 
ing and  notable  business  had  inception  at  Huddersfield.  England,  iu  1830,  being  started  in  a  modest  way  by  Read  Holliday  (deceased)  who 
commenced  with  the  manufacture  of  liquid  ammonia  from  gas  liquor,  and  later  on  produced  napthaand  benzole  from  gas-tar,  which  gradually 
led  up  to  the  manufacture  of  the  beautiful  colors  which  are  obtained  from  the  same  source.  Being  a  man  of  rare  skill  and  foresight  and  un- 
tiring energy,  his  success  from  the  start  was  positive  and  permanent,  his  whole  career  being  an  unbroken  record  of  progress,  while  the  sphere 
o^  his  activities  was  steadily  extended  and  his  resources  developed.  He  retired  in  1808,  retaining  his  energies  and  faculties  unimpaired  until 
the  period  of  his  death  in  1889.  Mr.  Holliday  invented  the  original  naptha  flare  lamp  so  well  known  all  over  the  world.  Upon  the  retirement  of 
Read  Holliday,  the  business  was  as  successfully  carried  on  and  developed  to  its  present  magnitude  by  his  sons,  Thomas.  Charles,  Edgar  and 
latterly  Robert,  until  the  date  of  its  transformation  into  a  stock  company.  I\Ir.  Edgar  Holliday  identified  himself  more  especially  with  the 
Brooklyn  works  which  was  established  in  1864,  and  for  several  years  was  the  only  one  in  the  United  States  producing  coal  tar  colors.  Mr. 
Edgar  Holliday  settled  in  Brooklyn  where  he  was  well  known  and  highly  i-espected,  in  connection  with  the  Municipal  Electric  Light  Company, 
of  which  he  was  a  vice-president  and  also  as  the  builder  of  the  vast  apartment  house,  "  The  Brevoort."  corner  of  Fulton  Street  and  Bedford 
Avenue.  The  head  office  of  the  New  York  house  is  at  No.  7  Piatt  Street,  N.  Y.  with  branches  at  No.  367  Atlantic  Avenue,  Boston,  and  No.  45 
N.  Front  Street.  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  The  Piatt  Street  office  and  warehouse  is  a  substantial  five-story  building,  fully  stocked  with 
a  choice  and  varied  assortment  of  Aniline  Dyes,  Indigo  extracts,  Dyestuffs  and  Chemicals.  These  goods  are  unrivaled  for  quality,  purity,  re- 
liability and  excellence  by  those  of  any  other  first-class  house  in  the  trade.  All  grades  are  here  subjected  to  a  final  and  careful  testing  before 
being  sent  out,  and  all  orders  whether  by  mail  or  long  distance  telephone  (call  "  Cortlandt  1"^80  '"i  are  attended  to  iu  the  most  expeditious  and 
trustworthy  manner,  with  their  immense  resources  exceptional  advantages  and  world-wide  business  connection,  the  firm  are  enabled  to 
offer  substantial  iuduceniHiirs  ti>  the  trade. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


265 


-J—'  SHANLEY  DAVIS,  Wholesale  Commission  Merchant.  No.  100  Barclay  Street.— The  American  produce  business  has  been  aptly 

I    ®       described  as  one  of  the  main  links  in  the  great  chain  of  our  commerce.    It  is  an  industry  having  invested  in  it  an  imniense  volume 
t    \       of  capital,  and  it  is  i-egarded  as  an  honorable  medium  through  wliich  to  achieve  prosperity  by  a  vast  army  of  our  astutest  and 
•  most  enterprising  business  men.    Justly  placed  in  tite  foremost  ranks  of  these  is  .Mr.  L.  Shanley  Davis,  of  No.  100  Barclay  Street. 
The  business  conducted  by  Mr.  Davis  is  that  of  wholesale  produce  upon  commission.    The  firm  was  established  in  1860,  by  C.  W.  Dii- 
worth,  who  died  in  1871.     IMr.  Davis  was  hook-keeper  in  the  concern  for  about  three  years,  when  his  ability  received  recognition  m  the  shape 
of  a  share  in  the  business,  and  on  the  death  of  the  senior  he  became  sole  possessor.     Mr.  Davis  handles  all  kinds  of  fruits  in  season:  making 
a  specialty  of  domestic  goods.     He  is  connected  with  some  of  the  largest  and  best  class  growers  in  the  country,  who  are  enthusiastic  in  their 
appreciation  of  the  promptitude  and  e.'cactness  displayed  by  I\Ir.  Davis  in  their  relations  with  him.     He  occupies  four  large  floors  of  a  con- 
veniently located  and  well  appointed  building,  and  he  employs  a  staff  of  about  ten  assistants.    Mr.  Davis  is  a  native  of  Maryland,  and 
a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  in  full  possession  of  those  rare  commercial  and  individual  attributes  which  contribute  to  form  the  ideal  busi- 
ness man.     He  is  a  director  of  the  Hoboken  Savings  Bank,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange.    He  is  also  an  associate 
of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  was  for  three  years  in  the  First  Maryland  Regiment  as  a  firat  lieutenaut.     A  work  purporting  to 
review  the  prominent  business  houses  of  the  metropolis  would  be  little  better  than  inoperative,  did  it  fail  to  comprehend  mention  of  the 
business  of  Mr.  L.  Shanley  Davis. 

HYGIENIC  WOOD  WOOL  COMPANY,  No.  56  Broadway.— The  science  of  surgery,  during  the  present  century,  has  attained  a  condition 
of  perfection  which  renders  it  almost  eligible  for  classification  among  the  "exact "  sciences.  The  storehouses  of  both  art  and  nature 
have  been  ransacked,  to  the  end  that  there  shall  be  lacking  nothing  to  raise  the  science  to  the  very  highest  pitch  of  usefulness,  and 
the  ingenuity  of  tlie  inventor  is  kept  rigidly  taxed  for  contributions,  the  design  of  which  is  the  better  alleviation  of  human  suffering 
or  the  more  successful  contention  with  disease.  Among  the  recent  important  gifts  of  this  character,  to  science,  one  important  com- 
modity merits  special  mention,  and  that  for  the  reason  of  its  great  utility  and  the  signal  eificacy  of  its  employment.  This  commodity  is 
known  as  Hartmann"s  Patent  Hygienic  Wood  Wool,  the  sole  proprietorship  of  which,  in  the  United  States,  belongs  to  the  Hygienic  Wood 
Wool  Company,  of  No.  56  Broadway,  New  York.  The  article  under  examination  is,  without  doubt,  the  best  absorbent  antiseptic  ever  pro- 
duced, and  as  a  dressing  for  wounds  (one  of  the  many  uses  to  which  it  is  put)  it  is  invaluable.  It  possesses  the  many  and  unquestioned 
advantages  over  ordinary  but  and  other  dressings  of  being  easy  of  application;  absolutely  painless  and  comfortable,  economical  in  the  high- 
est degree,  antiseptic  in  quality  and  of  possessing  absorbent  properties,  superior  to  any  other  commodity.  The  Hygienic  Wood  Wool  is 
prepared  in  various  forms,  among  which  the  following  are  the  more  important:  wood  wool  for  sale  by  the  pound  or  otherwise,  wood*\vool 
wadding,  wood  wool  tissue,  of  various  sizes,  accouchement  sheets,  napkins,  diapers  for  infants,  and  vaccination  pads,  etc.,  etc.  The  medical 
press  and  the  profession  are  unanimous  and  enthusiastic  in  echoing  the  praises  of  the  article,  which  is  in  constant  use  in  every  European 
hospital  of  any  prominence  or  celebrity,  and  is  invaluable  and  indispensable  to  the  surgeon,  physician  and  nurse.  The  company  possess  a 
comprehensive  miscellany  of  most  flattering  testimonials  from  the  highest  sources,  testifying  as  to  the  excellence  of  the  wood  wool  prepara- 
tions. The  commodity  is  an  article  of  German  manufacture,  the  company  having  purchased  from  the  original  owners  the  sole  representation 
in  this  country.  The  Hygienic  Wood  Wool  Company  was  incorporated  three  years  ago  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey,  The 
officers  of  the  company  are  Chas.  C.  Barton,  president,  and  M.  K.  Hamilton,  treasurer.  In  addition  to  the  excellently  located  and  appropri- 
ately equipped  executive  offices  at  No.  56  Broadway,  the  company  has  its  warehouse,  stock  room,  etc.  at  No.  163  William  Street.  A  work 
upon  the  more  important  business  houses  of  the  metropolis,  purporting,  as  does  the  one  in  preparation,  to  present  a  perfect  reflex  of  the 
prosperity  and  influential  character  of  the  city,  would  be  little  better  than  a  mere  tissue  of  incompleteness  did  it  fail  to  embrace  within  its 
covers  a  mention  of  the  Hygienic  Wood  Wool  Company. 

r-|-OSEPHINE  D.  SMITH,  Successor  to  the  Late  Willard  H.  Smith, 

— ,^  I       JIanufacturer  of  Willard   H.   Smith's  Patent  Railroad   Centre 
^  I       Lamps  and  Reflectors,  and  all  Kinds  of  Ship  and  Marine  Lamps, 

II  Nos.  350  and  362  Pearl  Street.- One  of  the  representative  an'l 
widely  renowned  enterprises  of  New  York  is  that  conducted  by 
Josephine  D.  Smith  as  successor  to  the  late  Willard  H.  Smith,  manufar- 
turer  of  Willard  H.  Smith's  patent  railroad  centre  lamps  and  reflectors, 
and  all  kinds  of  ship  and  marine  lamps,  at  Nos.  350  and  352  Pearl  Street 
This  business  was  founded  in  l$4-2,  by  Willard  H.  Smith,  on  the  site  "t 
Lord  &  Taylor's  Grand  Street  store,  and  was  continued  by  him  witli 
great  and  growing  success  for  some  forty  yeai"s.  At  his  death  in  1882  his 
widow  succeeded  to  the  control,  and  is  fortunate  in  her  son.  Mr.  C.  tr. 
Smith,  who  takes  the  active  management  of  tJie  business.  The  premises 
occupied  comprise  five  flooi-s  ami  a  basement,  30  x  100  feet  eacli.  divided 
into  manufacturing  and  sales  departments,  and  supplied  with  every 
modern  facility  for  promoting  production  and  the  systematic  and  suc- 
cessful prosecution  of  the  business.  As  the  leading  house  in  its  line  in 
the  United  States,  its  immense  domestic  trade  has  been  su]tplemented 
by  such  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  demand  from  aliroad  that  its  lamps  may  now  be  foimd  in  almost  every  country  on  the  globe. 
Their  centre  car  lamps  have  several  advantages  over  those  of  other  manufacturers:  they  are  warranted  to  stand  any  amount  of  draft  and 
rough  riding,  are  provided  with  a  patent  wick-raising  attachment,  a  patent  ventilating  attachment  whicli  carries  off  all  unpleasant  odors,  and 
a  patent  telescopic  metallic  extension  cliimney.  by  the  use  of  which  the  four  rubber  tipped  screws  used  to  hold  the  globe  in  place  in  the  body- 
ring  and  the  three  spring  screws  inltbe  metal  chimney  are  done  away  with,  thereby  making  considerable  less  work  in  adjusting.  Special  at- 
tention is  also  directed  to  this  company's  new  and  elegant  designs  in  centre  and  side  lamps,  adapted  especially  to  meet  tlie  constantly 
increasing  demand  for  more  light  in  all  classes  of  jiassenger  cars.  The  combination  centre  car  lamp  for  electric  cars,  as  used  by  the  West 
End  Street  Railway  Company,  of  Boston,  is  the  acme  of  utility,  elegance  and  convenience.  They  also  manufacture  headlights  for  Cable  and 
Electric  cars.  Smith's  Improved -Hood  Signal  Light.  Smith's  Patent  Locomotive  Headlight,  side  or  saloon  lamps,  combination  shade  and  illum- 
inator, silvered  glass  reflectors,  square  station  lanterns.  Police  flash  lanterns,  Great  Western  railroad  lanterns,  tubular  and  hand  or  hanging 
lanterns,  tempest  lanterns,  side  gas  lanterns,  reflecting  side  lanterns,  street  lanterns,  and  the  Angle  lamj).- a  powerful  light  on  a  new  principle. 
For  quantity  of  light,  cheapness  and  portability  it  is  superior  to  all  upi'ight  flame  lamps,  gas  or  any  system  of  incandescent  electric  lights.  It 
economizes  75  per  cent,  of  oil  for  amount  of  light  produced,  and  is  patented  in  the  United  States,  Canada.  Europe  and  South  America.  Orders 
of  whatever  magnitude  are  filled  promptly,  and  a  handsomely  illustrated  c'atalogue  is  sent  to  any  adtlress  on  application.  The  trade  of  the 
house  reaches  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  throughout  the  Canadas,  and  is  of  the  most  gratifying  and  creditable  character.  The 
name  "  Smith  of  New  York  "  is  a  valuable  and  familiar  trade  mark,  and  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the  quality  and  desirability  of  all  articles 
bearing  that  impi-int. 


266  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

rnr  V.  A.  CRAIGHEAD,  Oils,  Greases,  and  Cotton  Waste.  No.  253-5  Front  Street.— The  responsible  house  of  which  Mr,  J.  V.  A.  Craighead 
--  I  is  the  proprietor  has  won  its  position  in  the  front  ranks  by  reason  of  the  great  variety  of  merchamlise  handled,  and  the  consequent 
®  I  large  number  of  manufacturers  in  numerous  and  very  diverse  branches  of  industry,  who  have  been  able  to  make  it  a  nieJiuni  for 
\  I  *  their  supplies,  oil  for  illuminating  purposes,  and  such  as  is  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  railroad  and  steamship  lines  being 
^■^  included  among  the  kinds  extensively  handled.  Indeed  lubricants  alone  form  a  lengthy  list,  and  the  addition  of  sperm,  whale, 
lard,  neats-foot  and  cod  oil  by  no  means  e.\-liausts  the  catalogue  of  commodities  which  the  experienced  principal  is  able  to  And  unrivaled 
sources  of  supply  for,  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  ready  market  on  the  other  hand.  Mr.  Craighead  established  his  business  in  isra,  and  he  has  a 
connection  reaching  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  including  many  large  buyers  and  sellers.  Located  originally  at  No.  257  Front 
Street,  in  1891  he  removed  his  office  to  No.  253  of  that  thoroughfare,  and  this  is  the  busy  center  of  a  still  growing  trade.  He  is  of  Pennsylva- 
nia birth,  and  came  to  this  city  as  a  child  thirty -five  years  ago. 

r-w-  OHN  SOLT.\U,  Dealer  in  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruit,  Bananas  a  Specialty,  Grower  and  Dealer  in  Water  Cress,  No.  8T4  Washington 
I  Street.— Mr.  Jolin  Soltau  dates  the  establishment  of  his  business  from  1800.  He  had  previously  been  concerned  in  the  trade  with  his 
©  I  brother  on  Little  Twelfth  Street,  but  the  partnership  was  brought  to  a  close  in  1800,  and,  on  July  1st  of  that  year,  the  enterprise  was 
\  I  initiated  which  is  now  under  notice.  All  kinds  of  fruit  grown  in  this  country,  and  every  kind  from  abroad  which  finds  a  place  in 
^■^  American  markets  receives  due  attention  at  the  establishment;  and  its  store  in  the  three-story  building  at  the  address  previously  in- 
dicated, has  at  all  times  a  very  choice  display  of  the  most  luscious  fruits  in  season.  In  amplitude  the  store  is  50  x  100  feet  and  the  heavy 
stock  there  carried  is  conspicuous  for  the  very  full  line  of  bananas  shown,  this  fruit  being  a  variety  which  receives  the  special  attention  of 
the  house,  and  which  it  imports  direct  in  exceptionally  large  quantities.  Another  feature  which  marks  out  the  flriu  as  one  well  to  the  front 
is  its  immense  dealings  in  water  cress.  Altogether  the  volume  of  trade  which  Mr.  John  Soltau  has  secured  in  the  short  time  that  »as  elapsed 
since  the  inauguration  of  his  business  on  an  independent  basis,  has  proved  highly  gratifying.    Mr.  Soltau  was  born  in  Jersey  City. 

-■-<    ODI  CHEMICAL  COMPANY,  H.  S.  Deshon,  General  Manager,  Office,  No.  38  Plati  Street.— The  Lodi  Chemical  Company  was  incor- 

I   /-\    porated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York  in  1885  and  the  business  which  was  begun  at  this  date  has  since  had  a  steady  and 

I    \     substaHtial  growth.    The  compauy's  works  is  at  Lodi,  N.  J.,  where  they  have  a  large,  well  equipped  plant,  employing  thirty  hands. 

*     *    The  product  embraces  a  great  variety  of  chemical  compounds,  a  specialty  being  made  of  acids,  for  which  the  company  sustains  a, 

standard  reputation  in  tlie  trade.    The  main  office  at  the  above  addre.ss  in. this  city  is  commodious,  well  appointed  and  supplied  with 

all  tSe  modern  Imsiness  conveniences,  including  telephonic  and  telegraphic  connection  with  the  works  in  New  Jersey.     Orders  received  here 

are  transmitted  to  the  works  and  |iromptly  filled.     By  shipping  direct  from  the  works  the  company  saves  to  its  customei's,  located  all  over 

the  country,  the  time  and  expense  of  a  dual  handling.    Mr.  H.  S.  Deshon,  the  general  manager  of  the  company,  is  a  gentleman  of  the  highest 

business  ability,  and  to  his  well  directed  and  persevering  efforts  is  to  be  largely  ascribed  the  success  achieved  in  the  business. 

F  KAUFMAN  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in  All  Kinds  of  Leather,  No.  1T8  William  Street.— Established  in  186G,  as  a  purely 
trading  concern  importing  calf  skins,  this  house  twelve  years  ago  embarked  in  the  manufacture  of  this  description  of  leather,  and 
the  signal  success  which  has  attended  it  has  been  such  that  the  "  Excelsior"  brand  of  Union  tanned  skins,  which  is  their  specialty, 
•  has  become  famous  in  all  parts  of  the  Union,  and  has  been  productive  of  a  ti-ade  of  great  magnitude,  the  trained  judgment  of  keen 
buyers,  moreover,  having  been  endorsed  by  the  judges  at  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1878.  by  whom  a  medal  was  awarded.  Successful 
in  this  department,  and  in  that  relating  to  the  dealing  in  leather  generally,  the  house  is  accorded  very  liberal  support,  in  appreciation  of  the 
favorable  terms  on  which  it  handles  glazed  kid,  wax  calf  skins,  Dongola,  and  indeed  about  all  variety  of  leather;  its  store,  at  No.  178  William 
Street,  25  x  75  feet  in  size,  being  ever  well  stocked  with  full  lines  in  each  of  a  very  large  number  of  kinds  and  giades.  Two  experienced  com- 
mercial travelers  represent  the  interests  of  the  house  upon  the  road.  Born  in  New  York  state  Mr.  F.  Kaufman  has  long  been  prominently 
and  successfully  identified  with  his  trade  in  this  city. 

HP.  WILLIAJIS  &  CO.,  Jobbers  in  Blankets.  Bed  Comfortables,  JIattings,  Oil  Cloths,  Window  Shades,  Etc.,  No.  250  Canal  Street.— 
An  odd  quarter  of  a  century  of  uninterrupted  prosperity  sums  up  in  brief  the  history  of  the  well  and  favorably  known  house  of  H. 
P.  Williams  ,£  Co.,  jobbers  in  blankets,  bed  comfortables,  mattings,  oil  cloths,  window  shades,  etc..  No.  2.50  Canal  Street,  opposite 
•  Earle's  Hotel.  It  was  established  twenty-five  years  ago  on  the  busy  thoroughfare  mentioned,  and  for  twenty-two  years  has  been 
conducted  under  the  present  firm  name.  The  business  premises  are  spacious,  commodious  and  well  ordered,  and  an  efficient  staff 
of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed,  Mr.  Williams  exercising  immediate  supervision  himself  over  every  detail.  A  very  large  and  first-class 
assortment  of  goods  is  always  carried  on  hand  here,  the  stock,  which  is  of  a  comprehensive  character,  comprising  handsome  and  service- 
able blankets  and  bed  comfortables  in  great  variety,  bedding,  pretty  mattings,  mats,  rugs,  etc.,  floor  and  table  oil-cloths  in  neat  designs  and 
varied  patterns,  elegant  window  shades  and  fixtures,  and  a  general  line  of  house  furnishing  dry  goods.  Every  article  offered  for  sale  here 
is  warranted  as  represented,  while  exceptionally  low  prices  prevail  at  all  times.  Mr.  Williams,  who  is  the  sole  member  of  the  firm  (the  com- 
pany being  nominal.),  has  been  long  a  resident  of  this  city,  and  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  since  1857,  and  has  been  engaged  in  business 
altogether  for  thirty-three  years  here  on  Canal  Street,  having  been  manager  for  William  Gardner  and  others  for  ten  years. 

VILLIAM  COPPERSMITH.  Manufacturer  of  Diamond  Mountings  and  Fine  Jewelry,  No.  IT  Maiden  Lane.— This  succe.ssful  business 
enterprise  wa^  started  in  1876  by  the  present  proprietor,  who  had,  previous  to  that  time,  had  many  years'  practical  experience  in 
the  business.  The  premises  occupied  are  25  x  .50  feet  in  dimensions  and  are  in  every  way  admirably  adapted  to  the  purpose  for 
which  they  are  used,  being  fitted  up  with  all  the  newest  and  most  improved  machinery  and  appliances  known  to  the  trade.  In 
the  manufacture  of  diamond  mountings  and  fine  jewelry  for  the  trade  Mr.  Coppersmith  has  earned  a  well-merited  reputation  for 
excellence,  and  is  generally  regarded  as  a  leader  in  that  line.  He  also  deals  in  diamonds,  watches,  etc. ,  and  keeps  a  choice  and  well-selected 
stock  on  hand  which  he  disposes  of  at  most  moderate  prices.  Orders  from  the  trade  for  repairing  and  altering  receive  the  promptest  atten- 
tion and  are  executed  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner.  In  short,  Mr.  Coppersmitli  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  successful  men  in  the 
jewelry  district,  and  he  well  deserves  his  success. 

VH.  HENDRICKSON,  N.  Y.  Typesetting  Concern,  No.  13  Spruce  Street.— A  highly  important  enterprise  contiguous  upon  the 
printing  industry,  in  the  general  sense  of  the  term,  is  that  presided  over  by  Jlr.  W.  H.  Hendrickson,  at  No.  12  Spruce  Street. 
This  gentleman  Inaugurated  his  enterprise  in  18,84,  and  has  been  eminently  successful  since  then,  prosecuting  it  with  vigor  and 
•  energy,  and  the  result  is  shown  in  the  flrst-class  trade  enjoyed.  The  premises  occupied  are  in  dimensions  25  x  75  feet,  and  com- 
prise an  upper  Hoor  of  the  building  at  the  above  address.  A  comiiletely  modern  and  varied  stock  is  carried  in  types  of  all 
kinds  while  employment  is  given  to  ten  expert  compositors.  The  specialties  of  this  house  are  embraced  in  the  composition  for  magazines, 
tradepapers,  newspapers,  books,  etc..  as  well  as  presswork,  folding,  wrapping  and  mailing,  which  are  done  in  an  adjoining  building.  The 
facilities  of  the  establishment  are  of  the  best  possible  character,  and  its  trade  is  widely  extensive  and  influential.  The  proprietor  is  a  native 
of  this  state,  a  thoroughly  practical  man  of  business  in  the  full  meaning  of  the  phrase,  and  is  much  respected  by  those  who  enjoy  his  friend- 
ship.   He  prints  the  cheapest  six-column  eight  page  paper  in  the  state,  for  the  money. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  267 

rr^NTHONY  FIALA,  Diamond  Setter,  No.  61  Nassau  Street.— Prominent  among  the  diamond  setters  in   Ihe  city,  is  Mr.  Anthony  Fiala. 

13      His  business  was  established  in    1883,  and    ha«   been    accorded  a  most   liberal  share   of    patronage    by  the  leading  jewelers 

ri      in  the  city,  and  is  considered  to  be  one  of   the  most   reliable  firms  engaged  in  the  business.    The  premises  consist  of  a  floor 

/   -*■    25  X  75  feet  in  dimensions,  used  as  workshop,  being  fitted  up  with  all  necessary  tools  and  appliances  pertaining  to  the  trade.    Mr. 

Fiala  is  a  native  of  Austria,  having  come  to  the  United  States  in  1851.     He  fought  in  the  war  from  1861  to  1865.  was  in  several  battles 

and  came  out  as  .a  lieutenant,  having  been  wounded  twice.    Altogether  his  record  was  a  noble  and  a  gallant  one.    He  is  a  member  of  the 

U.  S.  Grant  Post  G.  A.  R.  3:27  of  Brooklyn. 

THE  WM.  C.  BARKER  COIMPANY.  Manufacturers"  Agents,  Wooden  Ware  and  Agricultural  Implements,  No.  69  Beekman  Street.— 
This  company  was  founded  in  February.  1890,  and  has  been  conducted  with  marked  success  and  a  rapid  accession  of  influential  pat- 
ronage. Mr.  Wm.  C.  Barker  is  a  native  of  this  state,  and  his  partner.  Mr.  J.  S.  Johnston,  was  born  at  St.  Louis,  3Io.  Both  gentlemen 
are  thoroughly  practical.  The  firm  among  other  valuable  agencies  represent  the  following  leading  manufacturers:  E.  Bement  &  Sons, 
plows,  harrows,  cultivators,  etc.:  Auburn  Manufacturing  Company,  forks,  hoes,  scythes,  etc.;  The  H.  31.  Myers  Company,  shovels 
and  spades:  A.  W.  Stevens  &  Sons,  portable  steam-engines,  threshers,  rakes,  etc.;  Powers*  broadcast  sowers:  Fuller  Bros.  Manufacturing 
Company,  zinc  washboards;  Columbia  Handle  Company,  axe,  pick  and  small  tool  handles:  Wilkinson  Manufacturing  Company,  boys'  wagons^ 
velocipedes,  folding  tables,  etc.;  the  Rugg  Manufacturing  Company,  wood  hand  rakes;  Grand  Rapids  Wheelbarrow  Company,  canal  railroad 
and  ore  barrows:  Rawson  &  Thatcher,  boss  potato  digger;  Jenning  Bros.,  Japanese  paper-ware,  pails,  basins,  bowls,  also  factories  of 
broom  handles,  wood  ware,  etc.,  etc.  The  premises  occupied  by  the  Wm.  C.  Barker  Company  have  a  capacity  of  25  x  50  feet:  they  are  well 
supplied  with  samples  and  conveniently  fitted  up.  A  large  and  rapidly  increasing  business  is  being  built  up.  and  the  trade  connections  of 
the  company  extend  throughout  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  firm's  excellent  busmess  methods,  complete  reliability,  and,  last  but  not  least, 
the  high  position  and  status  of  the  firms  whose  goods  they  handle,  are  matters  which  have  gained  these  gentleman  a  high  reputation. 

SACHS  &  CO..  Dealers  in  Graded  Woolen  Rags,  No.  390  Pearl  Street.— A  reliable  firm  in  this  city  for  the  supply  of  graded  woolen  rags 
in  heavy  and  regular  quantities,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Sachs  &  Co.,  who  are  now  extensively  patronized  by  paper  manufacturers  and  other 
wholesale  consumers  in  and  aroimd  Xew  York.    The  business  was  established  in  18T0  by  Mr.  Wilham  Sachs,  who  in  1890  was  succeeded 
by  the  present  firm,  its  component  members  being  the  widow  of  the  late  F.  Sachs  and  M.  Perle,  who  do  all  in  their  power  to  promote 
the  best  interests  of  their  patrons  by  supplying  the  several  grades  of  woolen  rags,  carefully  picked,  at  consistently  low  prices.    The 
premises  occupied  consist  of  a  well  appointed  office  at  No.  3S3  Pearl  Street,  and  a  four-story  building  at  No.  390,  each  floor  being  25  x  75  feet 
in  size,  fitted  throughout  in  the  best  possible  manner  for  the  due  prosecution  of  the  business,  ten  competent  assistants  being  steadily 
engaged.    Of  the  able  proprietors,  Mr.  M.  Perle  was  born  in  Germany  and  came  to  the  United  States  about  twenty-five  years  ago. 

VILLIA:iI  HOGG.  Leather  Dealer  and  Horse  Collar  Manufacturer,  No.  52  Ferry  Street.— Established  in  1850  by  its  present  talented 
and  experienced  proprietor,  the  business  of  Mr.  William  Hogg  is  one  that  has  been  accorded  a  liberal  measure  of  patronage,  and 
has  to-day  one  of  the  most  enviably  influential  connections  of  the  leather  dealing  firms  of  the  city;  its  trade  in  connection  with 
the  manufacture  of  collars  being  of  a  scarcely  less  extensive  kind.  As  dealers,  the  house  handles  harness,  leather  of  all  kinds, 
russet  and  black  bridle  leather,  pump  and  rigging  leather,  trunk  makers'  leather,  wax,  grain,  split  and  sole  leather;  and  the 
trade  of  the  house  is  to  be  found  in  most  of  the  populous  centers  of  the  country.  In  order  to  meet  these  demands  promptly  the  store  and 
upper  floor  occupied  at  the  address  indicated  (each  25  x  75  feet  in  size)  are  at  all  times  kept  well  replenished  with  goods  of  each  kind,  inclu- 
•  sive  of  the  collars  of  its  own  manufacture,  in  the  production  of  \-hich  fifteen  skilled  workmen  are  kept  regularly  employed,  the  firm's  horse 
collars  being  in  strong  favor,  alike  for  their  shapeliness,  their  handsome  appearance  and  their  durability.  Of  Scotch  birth.  Mr.  William 
Hogg  came  to  this  country  about  forty-five  years  ago.  and  he  has  not  only  become  markedly  successful  in  business,  but  is  regarded  as  one  of 
New  York's  most  worthy  and  valued  citizens.  Among  the  several  important  and  I'esponsible  positions  he  occupies  is  that  of  a  New  Yort 
school  trustee,  which  he  has  filled  %vith  credit  and  usefulness  for  nineteen  years. 

WILLIAM  DOBBINS.  Manufacturer  of  Picture  Frames  and  3Ioldings.  No.  163  South  Street.— Mr.  William  Dobbins  has  for  nine  years 
demonstrated  the  entire  reliability  of  his  house,  alike  in  the  department  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  frames,  and  in  that 
relating  to  the  supply  of  moldings.  Originally  premises  were  occupied  on  E.  Broadway,  but  the  generous  measure  of  sup- 
port accorded  to  the  business  rendered  the  space  there  at  command  inadequate  to  its  requirements,  and  a  removal  was  made  in 
the  early  part  of  1891  to  the  above  address,  where  commodious  premises  are  occupied  and  well  trained  employees  are  regularly 
engaged.  Mr.  William  Dobbins,  who  is  a  native  of  this  city,  is  a  young  man  of  marked  abiUty,  and  the  superiority  of  his  products  in  both, 
frames  and  moldings  have  not  failed  to  make  the  business  a  brisk  and  lucrative  one. 

r-r      WILLIAMSON  &  CO..  Rockland  Lake  Ice,  Office.  No.  19  Ninth  Avenue.— The  oldest  firm  engaged  in  the  ice  trade  in  Nqw  York  City 
—.1  is  that  of  J.  Williamson  &  Co..  whose  office  is  at  No.  19  Ninth  Avenue,  near  Thirteenth  Street,  and  their  city  depot  at  the  foot  of 

^  I  W.  Fifteenth  Street.    The  business  was  organized  thirty-two  years  ago  by  the  present  proprietors.  Messrs.  James  WiUiamson  and 

II  *  Charles  S.  Stowell,  and  under  their  able  management  it  has  since  been  prosecuted  with  steadily  increasing  success,  the  trade 
growing  every  year.  The  firm  obtain  their  ice  from  Gla.scoLake.  and  it  can  be  relied  on  as  being  pure  and  free  from  all  foreign  mat^ 
ter.  A  large  force  of  men  and  teams  are  employed,  and  the  resources,  connections  and  facilities  of  the  house  are  such  that  they  can  suc- 
cessfully meet  all  competition.  A  leading  specialty  is  made  of  supplying  steamships,  hotels,  butchers  and  families  with  ice,  and  the  service 
is  perfectly  satisfactory  in  every  respect,  while  special  orders  are  filled  without  delay.  Orders  may  be  sent  by  telephone,  call  No.  317, 
Twenty-first  Street.  The  bn.siness  of  the  concern  is  universal  in  the  city  and  vicinity:  and  the  firm,  in  addition  to  its  family  trade,  has  a 
large  wholesale  business.  Messrs.  Williamson  &  Stowell  are  both  natives  of  the  city,  and  thoroughly  identified  with  the  solid  business  inter- 
ests of  the  community. 

'"J'OHN  WERNER.  Manufacturing  Jeweler,  No.  142  Fulton  Street.— Mr.  Werner  has  been  established  in  business  here  as  a  manufacturing- 
j^  I  jeweler  for  fifteen  years,  and  now  has  a  large,  liberal  and  influential  patronage  among  the  trade.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  manu 
^  I  facturing  small  jewelry,  and  having  excellent  facilities,  is  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  promptly  and  at  the  lowest  prices.  Mr, 
If  Werner's  goods  cannot  be  excelled  either  for  artistic  design,  beauty  of  finish,  or  excellence  of  workmanship,  he  being  justly  regarded 
as  one  of  the  most  skillful  jewelers  in  the  city.  Special  attention  is  given  to  repairing.  Mr.  Werner  also  deals  extensively  in  watches 
and  diamonds  and  has  some  very  desirable  bargains  to  offer  in  this  line,  his  prices  being  lower  than  those  of  most  contemporaneous  estab- 
iUshments.  A  branch  of  the  business  to  which  Mr.  Werner  devotes  much  attention  and  in  which  he  is  an  acknowledged  leader,  is  the  manu- 
facture of  presentation  jewels,  emblems  and  medals.  Mr.  Werner,  who  is  a  native  of  Germany,  has  resided  in  this  country  for  the  last  forty- 
years. 


268  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

EE.  SCHUYLER,  Newspaper  Mailing  Lists,  Etc.,  Nos.  Gl  and  63  Duaue  Street.— This  gentleman  has  now  been  engaged  in  this  busi- 
ness for  the  past  four  yeai's,  and  during  tliat  period  has  deservedly  secured  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  some  of  New  York's 
leading  publishers,  who  depend  upon  the  facilities  of  this  house  as  the  means  of  having  their  publications  introduced  all  over  the 
•  world.  He  occupies  a  commodious  floor  of  the  building,  Nos.  61  and  63  Duane  Street,  where  he  is  prepared  with  special 
facilities  for  the  setting  up.  printing,  care  and  connection  of  mailing  lists,  the  stamping  of  envelopes  and  wrappers,  also  the  hand 
addressing  of  circular  matter  to  all  trades  and  professions.  The  salient  recommendable  features  of  this  agency  may  be  condensed  in  one 
word  so  valuable  to  the  large  mailer  of  books,  circulars,  pamphlets  or  catalogues,  viz.:  accuracy.  Mr.  Schuyler  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  a 
keen  business  man,  and  unquestionably  reliable  in  all  contracts  he  undertakes  to  perform,  and  his  is  the  only  house  making  an  exclusive 
specialty  of  the  care  and  correction  of  mailing  lists. 

ENOS  P.  MATHEWS,  Wholesale  Stamping  of  Linen  Goods,  No.  69  West  Broadway.— One  of  the  most  reliable  houses  engaged  in  this 
city  in  the  stamping  of  linen  goods  at  wholesale  is  that  of  Mr.  Enos  P.  Mathews,  which  is  devoted  exclusively  to  the  trade  in  the 
stamping  and  embossing  of  linen  fabrics  and  dry  goods  generally,  the  work  being  executed  in  the  newest  styles  and  the  best  possible 
manner.  A  trade  reaching  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  is  enjoyed,  and  to  meet  which  a  staff  of  some  ten  competent  workers  is 
regularly  employed  at  the  branch  office  in  this  city,  as  well  as  about  twenty  at  the  headquarters  in  Philadelphia,  at  the  corner  of 
Eleventh  and  Market  Streets,  and  the  New  York  premises  will  shortly  be  made  the  headquarters  of  the  house.  The  business  was  initiated 
at  Ninth  Street  eight  years  ago  by  Messrs.  Mathews  and  Cobb,  and  on  the  retirement  of  the  latter  gentleman,  two  years  ago,  Mr.  Enos  P. 
Mathews  assumed  soie  control  of  affairs.  The  New  York  branch  was  inaugurated  on  January  1.  1891,  and  comprises  one  tloor,  20  x  80  feet  in 
measurement,  used  as  office,  salesroom,  etc.,  and  a  floor  above  of  similar  size  for  the  manufacturing  department,  every  facility  being  fur- 
nished, such  as  machinery  and  appliances  for  the  due  prosecution  of  the  flourishing  trade  carried  on.  The  experienced  proprietor,  Mr. 
Mathews,  is  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  and  maintains  residences  both  there  and  in  this  city, 

r^AMES  LYONS,  Manufacturer  of  All  Kinds  of  Superior  Round  Leatlier  Belting,  No.  6  Ferry  Street.— In  that  branch  of  the  leather 
^^  I  trade  represented  by  the  manufacture  of  superior  round  Ieatht*r  Ijelting,  a  very  widely  and  favorably  known  house  is  the  old-estab- 
®  I  lished  and  firmly  rooted  one  of  Mr.  James  Lyons,  the  enterprise  having  been  initiated  in  1870,  and  from  that  date  on  an  appreciable 
1  I  proportion  of  the  large  quantity  of  round  belting  required  for  sewing  machines,  fret  saws,  amateur  lathes,  and  for  light  machines  of 
an  infinite  variety  of  kinds,  having  been  supplied  from  this  source.  Indeed  the  goods  of  the  house  are  in  exceedingly  high  favor  with 
manufacturers  and  users  of  fine  machinery,  special  attention  being  paid  to  the  production  of  superior  quality  in  numerous  descriptions  of 
leather,  according  to  the  particular  purpose  to  which  it  is  to  be  put,  solid  belting  being  made  in  sizes  gradating  by  the  -^  of  an  inch  from  ^ 
inch  to  ^  inch,  and  round  twist  from  i  inch  to  1  inch.  In  the  manufacture  of  these,  special  machinery  is  used,  and  steam-power  freely 
employed,  the  nine  skilled  operatives  engaged  being  thus  enabled  to  turn  out  prodigious  quantities.  Jlr.  James  Lyons,  to  whose  ability 
and  weU-directed  energy  the  success  of  the  house  is  alone  due,  has  resided  in  New  York  nearly  all  his  life,  and  is  a  native  of  Ireland. 

EMIL  BRETTHEDIER.  Tanner  and  Currier.  No.  7  Ferry  Street.— A  prominent  house  engaged  in  the  tanning  and  currier  trade  of  New 
York  is  that  conducted  by  Mr.  Emil  Brettheimer  at  No.  7  Ferry  Street.  Eleven  years  of  uninterrupted  prosjjerity  marks  the  career 
of  this  house,  which  at  the  present  day  supplies  the  demands  of  a  trade  reaching  throughout  a  wide  radius  of  territory.  Three  spa- 
cious and  conveniently  arranged  lofts,  each  25  x  75  feet,  are  occupied  at  the  above  address,  and  here  the  special  departments  of  the 
business  are  operated  with  systematic  despatch,  the  services  of  six  experienced  workmen  being  at  all  times  retained.  This  house 
executes  all  work  in  this  branch  of  industry  to  order,  and  in  the  best  style  of  workmanship.  It  follows  the  most  enlightened  and  highly 
approved  methods  in  tanning,  and  necessarily  produces  an  article  of  the  best  grade  and  quality.  Special  attention  is  given  to  refinishing 
imported  and  domestic  calf  skins,  and  to  all  other  kinds  of  leather  as  well,  while  a  featui-e  is  made  of  pelts  and  fur  trimni'ed  with  the  hairs 
on.  The  proprietor,  Mr.  Emil  Bretthnimer,  is  practical  and  experienced  in  all  that  relates  to  the  industry,  and  exercises  a  close  and  careful 
supervision  over  its  every  detail.  He  was  literally  brought  up  to  the  business,  and  comes  from  a  family  of  famous  tanners.  Mr.  Brettheimer 
was  born  in  Germany,  and  has  lived  in  the  United  States  twelve  years. 

ri  I         E.  CREVIER  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Fine  Enameled  Litho.  Plate  Papers,  Cards  and  Cardboard.  Nos.  56  and  58  Warren  Street.— 

L3        A  firm  engaged  in  this  line,  for  whose  goods  there  is  a  large  demand  from  all  parts  of  the  continent,  is  that  of  Messrs.  A.  E. 

/    I        Crevier  &  Co.      Besides  the  manufacture  of  fine  enameled  litho.  plate  papers,  this  firm   are  makers  of  cards  and  cardboard, 

J  and  the  absolute  reliability  of  the  whole  of  their  products  have  been  the  direct  causes  of  the  extensive  trade  which  has  accrued 

to  the  house,  reaching,  as  it  does,  to  all  the  principal  cities  in  the  eastern  states,  and   to    Canada.    The   business  received   its 

inception  at  the  hands  of  its  jwesent  proprietor.  Mr.  A.  E.  Crevier,  in  1872.  and  the  trade  now  controlled   necessitates   the    retention   of 

four  traveling  salesmen,  who  represent  the  firm's  best  interests  in  various  localities,  and  the  steady  employment  of   upwards    of   eight 

skilled  operatives  in  the  manufacturing  department.    The  premises  at  the  above  address  consist  of  two  floors,  each  95  x  100  feet  in  area, 

used  as  officfe  and  factory,  the  latter  being  furnished  with  a  complete  equipment  of    machinery,  tools   and   appliances  pertaining  to  the 

trade.    The  excellent  quality  of  the  firm's  goods  is  now  well  recognized  among   lithographers,  engravers,  printers,  and   other  wholesale 

consumers,  the  superiority  being,  perhaps,  most  pronounced  in  tlie  fine  enameled  litho.  plate  papers.     The  proprietor  receives  from  and 

is  exclusive  agent  for  various  leading  manufacturers  in  these  lines,  is  a  practical  paper  maker  of   a   dozen   years'  experience,  and   is  a 

native  of  New  York.     A  full  line  of  glazed  and  fancy  papers  has  been  added  lately  to  tlie  already  large  stock. 

PO'SHEA,  Agent.  Publisher.  Bookseller  and  Importer,  No.  45  Warren  Street.— Thirty-six  years  of  progressive  and  exceptionally  useful 
trading  on  the  part  of  Mr.  P.  O'Shea  has  been  potent  in  the  rearing  up  of  a  most  influential  and  wide-reaching  business  for  this 
house.  At  the  period  of  its  inception  the  business  was  conducted  on  Broadway,  thereafter  on  Bleecker  Street,  subsequently  on 
*  Barclay  Street,  and  from  1881  at  its  present  location.  No.  45  Warren  Street,  where  it  has  premises  worthy  of  so  responsible  a 
house,  consisting  as  they  do,  of  three  floors,  each  2.^  x  75  feet  in  measurement.  The  portion  devoted  to  the  publishing  depart- 
ment of  the  firm's  business,  is  ecpiipped  with  an  excellent  selection  of  type  of  the  latest  designs,  and  some  of  the  most  modern  machin- 
ery. Here  school  books  of  various  kinds  are  printed  on  a  large  scale,  and  a  great  number  of  religious  works,  stories,  biograpliies,  etc. 
are  published.  Standard  works  are  imported  from  England  and  the  continent  in  gi-^at  bulk,  and  an  excellent  selection  of  classical  and 
modern  authors  is  to  be  found  on  its  shelves.  Beyond  this,  the  house  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  sources  of  supply  for  litter- 
ateurs, by  reason  of  its  readiness  to  obtain  any  work  to  order;  a  task  it  is  enabled  to  accomplish  readily  by  reference  to  the  catalogues 
of  works  published  by  the  great  European  houses  wliich  it  carefully  pi-eserves.  Special  attention  is  devoted  to  the  requirements  of 
missions  and  parochial  libraries,  which  it  supplies  at  specially  reduced  rates.  In  all  departments  the  liouse  has  met  with  the  widest 
and  highest  recognition,  and  the  extensive  business,  which  now  gives  employment  to  twenty-six  hands,  is  still  developing.  Mr.  O'Shea 
who  is  fifty-five  years  of  age.  was  born  in  Ireland,  but  has  resided  in  this  city  forty  years,  and  is  highly  popular. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  269 

FRANKLIN  C.  "WHITE,  Hardware  Jlanufacturers'  Agent,  No.  102  Chambers  Street.— A  gentleman  who  is  prominently  connected  with 
tlie  tiardware  trade  and  is  thoroughly  representative  of  its  best  methods  is  Mr.  Franklin  C.  Wliite,  hardware  niaiuifacturers'  agent, 
No.  loe  Chambers  Street.  Mr.  White,  who  is  a  native  of  Connecticut,  has  been  established  in  business  here  for  the  last  ten  years, 
during  which  period  he  has  succeeded  in  building  up  a  large  and  influential  patronage  among  the  jobbing  trade  throughout  the 
country.  He  is  ^ent  for  such  reputable  and  well-known  concerns  as  the  Chieftain  Hay  Rake  Company,  of  Canton,  O.;  William 
Shrimer,  Son  (fc  Co.,  hardware  manufacturers,  Freeraansburg,  Pa. ;  and  the  Rhode  Island  Nuvtlty  Company,  manufacturers  of  hardware 
novelties.  Providence,  R.  I.;  also  agent  for  J.  H.  Hoague,  Chicopee,  Mass.,  tracing  wheels,  can  openers,  etc.;  N.  N.  Hill  Brass  Company, 
East  Hampton,  Conn.,  brass  bells,  chimes,  call,  tea  and  electric  bells  and  toys  in  brass.  Owing  to  his  intimate  relations  with  the  manufac- 
turers, from  whom  shipments  are  made  direct  to  customers,  he  is  enabled  to  offer  advantages  m  terms  and  prices  which  it  would  be  difficult 
to  duplicate  elsewhere.  He  occupies  a  commodious  and  attractively  fitted  up  uffiee  and  sample  room  on  the  thu-d  floor  of  the  Aldrich  Build- 
ing, where  customers  are  always  received  with  Mr.  White's  almost  proverbial  courtesy. 

HATCH  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Patent  Milk  Cans.  Pails  and  Tins  for  Shipping  Lard,  Butter.  Biscuit,  etc..  No.  495  Greenwich  Street.— 
A  house  that  has  long  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  this  industry,  and  which  has  been  in  operation  for  upwards  of  a  half  century, 
is  that  of  Messrs.  Hatch  &  Co.  The  business  was  founded  in  1831)  by  Philip  Feets,  and  he  was  succeeded  some  years  later  by  Messrs. 
A.  L.  and  F.  L.  Hatch,  who  traded  under  the  firm  name  of  A.  L.  Hatch  &  Co.  In  1880  Mr.  A.  L.  Hatch  retired,  and  his  brother,  Mr. 
F.  L.  Hatch,  admitting  Mr.  B.  Hopkins  to  partnership,  adopted  the  firm  name  of  Hatch  &  Co.  The  enterprise  was  first  carried  on 
on  Bea^h  Street,  next  on  Vesey  Street,  after  that  on  Desbrosses  Street,  and  at  the  present  address  since  1884.  Here,  the  premises  occupied 
comprise  three  floors,  each  30  x  100  feet  in  area,  and  the  place  is  equipped  in  the  most  approved  style.  Employment  is  furnished  to  fifteen 
experienced  hands.  The  firm  manufacture  patent  milk  cans,  pails  and  tins  for  shipping  lard,  butter,  biscuit,  etc.  The  trade  of  the  house  is 
both  wholesale  and  retail,  and  no  pains  are  spared  to  maintain  its  high  standing  and  the  unsurpassed  superiority  of  its  products.  The  sales- 
room contains  a  heavy  stock  of  these  goods,  and  also  a  superb  line  of  cooking,  parlor  and  office  stoves.  The  co  partners  are  Messrs.  F.  L. 
Hatch  and  B.  Hopkins,  the  former  a  native  of  New  England,  the  latter  of  New  York. 

I"^  UDOLPH  RUETIMAN,  Jeweler.  Second  Floor,  No.  33  John  Street.  Room  No.  10.— New  York  has  long  been  noted  as  the  leading  center 

■^       of  trade  in  this  line,  and  a  flourishing  house  engaged  tJierein  is  that  of  Mr.  Rudolph  Ruetinian.     Mr.  Ruetiman  is  a  native  of  Switzer- 

wTX        land,  a  country  which  has  probably  produced  more  first-class  watchmakers  and  jewelers  than  any  other  in  the  world,  but  has  made 

-*"  V     this  country  his  home  since  185G.     After  working  at  his  trade  in  various  leading  estaljlishments  he  determined  to  branch  out  for 

himself,  and  accordingly  started  in  business  on  his  own  account  in  1880,  and  is  a  thorough  master  of  his  business,  prompt,  energetic, 

reliable  and  obliging.    Mr.  Ruetiman  makes  a  specialty  of  repairing  difficult  or  badly  broken  jewelry  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  it  equal 

t)0  new  at  very  low  prices.     He  also  undertakes  jobs  of  all  kinds  in  the  jewelry  line  to  order,  and  customers  can  depend  upon  having  all  work 

entrusted  to  him  promptly  executed  in  the  very  best  style.    Mr.  Ruetiman  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor,  and  is  highly  esteemed. 

HEESCH  &  SIBBERT,  Carpenters  and  Builders,  No.  131  Beekman  Street.— A  prominent  and  old  established  firm  of  carpenters  and 
builders  in  the  down-town  portion  of  the  city  is  that  of  Messrs.  Heesch  &  Sibbert.  The  business  was  founded  in  18T5  by  the 
present  proprietors,  Mr.  J.  Heesch  and  Mr.  H.  C.  Sibbert.  and  the  chief  lines  of  trade  pursued  are  tlie  making  of  boxes,  cases,  crates 
etc.,  and  a  general  carpentering  business  such  as  the  erection  of  frame  buildings,  the  finishing  of  interiors,  stair  building  and  job 
work  of  every  description,  including  repairing.  For  these  several  purposes,  premises  are  occupied  at  the  location  indicated,  con- 
sisting of  a  spacious  workshop,  25  x  75  feet  in  area,  fitted  with  circular  saws,  planes,  molding  and  other  machines  and  all  accessories  inci- 
dental to  the  trade,  steam-power  being  the  actuating  force  employed  and  a  staff  of  fifteen  skilled  workers  regularly  engaged.  Of  the  two 
active  proprietors,  who  are  both  of  middle  age,  Mr.  Heesch  was  born  in  Germany,  and  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for  the  past  thirty 
years,  while  Mr.  Sibbert  is  a  native  of  New  York. 

VILLIAI^l  R.  VIDAL,  Manufacturing  Stationer.  No.  34  Broad  Street. — Mr.  William  R.  Vidal  controls  a  very  extensive  trade  among 
some  of  the  best  mercantile  houses  in  New  York.  The  business  was  established  at  the  present  location  in  1865  by  Messrs.  Vidal, 
Brown  and  Warner,  who  were  succeeded  in  1871  by  the  present  sole  proprietor,  Mr.  William  R.  Vidal,  he  having  since  conducted 
the  enterprise  in  his  own  name.  Although  possessing  no  factory  of  its  own.  the  firm  receives  orders  for  printing,  binding  and 
the  manufacture  of  stationary  and  stationers'  supplies,  and  has  the  work  executed  under  contract,  by  the  most  responsible  man- 
ufacturers, every  item  undertaken  being  subjected  to  the  closest  scrutiny  and  most  rigid  examination  before  being  delivered  to  customers, 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  but  the  finest  work,  best  calculated  to  give  all-round  satisfaction.  The  store,  20  x  100  feet  in  a4'ea.  is  well  fitted  and 
appointed,  and  contains  a  very  large  and  complete  stock  of  stationery,  blank  books  and  supplies  of  every  description.  The  able  and  expe- 
rienced proprietor,  Mr.  William  R.  Vidal,  is  a  native  of  New  York,  a  resident  of  Jersey  City. 

OC.  HATCH,  Hides  and  Skins,  No.  92  Gold  Street.— Mr.  O.  C.  Hatch  established  the  flourishing  business  which  he  now  operates 
about  I8t)0  and  has  succeeded  in  gaining  a  foremost  position  in  the  trade.  The  premises  devoted  to  business  purposes  are  thor- 
oughly convenient  and  well  arranged.  The  capacity  is  about  25  x  50  feet,  and  all  needful  facihties  are  supplied  throughout  each 
•  department.  A  competent  and  efficient  staff  of  employees  are  engaged  in  the  establishment,  and  the  proprietor  devotes  himself 
exclusively  to  the  best  interests  of  his  patrons.  Mr.  Hatch  does  a  substantial  business  in  hides  and  skins  and  makes  a  specialty  in 
favor  of  raw  hides  and  skins,  calf  and  kid  being  most  particularly  studied.  This  energetic  gentleman  has  been  so  long  in  the  trade  and  has 
acquired  such  valuable  knowledge  of  the  markets  that  he  is  prepared  to  offer  purchasers  advantages  of  the  most  important  character,  while 
his  resources  and  connections  enable  him  to  handle  the  largest  orders  and  contracts  and  supplj-  the  choicest  grade  of  goods  that  are  brought 
into  this  or  any  other  city.  He  sells  largely  to  tanners  and  manufacturers  throughout  the  whole  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  O.  C.  Hatch  is  a 
native  of  New  York  City,  and  enjoys  a  most  enviable  reputation  in  commercial  circles. 

SMITH  &  MOLLER,  Auditors  and  Accountants.  No.  39  Broadway.— Thoroughly  trained  as  public  accountants  and  auditors  Messrs. 
Smith  &  MoUer  are  rajiidly  gaining  headway.  The  business  was  inaugurated  only  in  March.  1890,  and  already  the  firm  has 
had  the  handhng  of  a  large  number  of  mining  and  corporation  books.  They  are  auditors  for  some  of  the  principal  hotels, 
including  the  Cambridge.  In  the  auditing  of  these,  scrupulous  care  is  taken,  and  the  painstaking  and  conscientious  way  in  which 
the  work  is  performed  wins  for  the  young  firm  numerous  and  hearty  recommendations.  In  the  adjustment  of  partnership,  closing 
of  books  on  retirement  or  death  of  members  of  firms,  preparing  of  balance  sheets,  and  the  periodical  writing  up  of  books,  the  principals 
do  efficient  and  reliable  work.  Their  offices  at  room  No.  23,  No.  39  Broadway,  are  well  known,  and  their  connection  extends  from  one  end 
of  the  city  to  the  other.  The  partners  are  Mr.  Charles  B.  Smith,  and  Mr.  H.  Esk.  Moller.  the  former  born  in  England,  and  for  ten  years 
a  resident  in  this  city,  and  the  latter  a  native  of  Denmark  who  has  hved  five  years  in  New  York. 


270 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


BUTTON  &  THURSTON,  JIanufacturers  of  Shoe  and  Leather 
Dressings,  Blackings  and  Oil  Dyes,  No.  71  Barclay  Street. 
— Blacking  and  oil  dyes  are  manufactures  uhich,  until 
within  the  past  generation  were  almost  exclusively  im- 
ported from  Europe,  but  are  now  largely  manufactured  in 
our  own  country.  A  firm  which  has  coutributed  its  full  share  in 
bringing  about  this  desirable  result  is  that  of  Button  &  Thurston. 
The  business  was  inaugurated  in  the  year  lS7(i  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Button, 
and  subsequently  traded  undei-  the  title  of  Button  &  Ottley,  on  the 
admission  of  a  gentleman  of  the  latter  name  to  partnership.  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Thurston  succeeded  Mr.  Ottley  in  the  partnei-ship  in 
January,  1890,  thus  securing  an  interest  in  one  of  the  most  eminent 
and  successful  houses  m  their  line  in  the  country.  They  manufac- 
ture shoe,  harness  and  leather  dressings,  blackings,  oil  dyes,  etc, ,  and 
"Ve-Vi-Vum,"  a  patent  leather  preservative.  The  great  specialty  of 
the  house,  and  that  which  has  won  for  it  such  unrivaled  prestige, 
is  '*  Button's  Raven  Gloss  Shoe  Dressing,"  which  is  in  high  favor  in 
all  parts  of  America  and  Canada,  and  in  several  foreign  countries.  The  house  is  represented  on  the  road  by  fifteen  traveling  salesmen.  For 
the  purposes  of  the  business  a  fine  building  of  four  floors,  each  30  x  100  feet  in  size,  is  occupied,  and  forty  trained  employees  there  find  regu- 
lar employment.  The  transactions  of  the  firm  are  exclusively  wholesale.  The  proprietors.  Mr.  Eugene  L.  Button  and  Mr.  Charles  S. 
Thurston,  are  both  natives  of  New^  York,  and  are  worthily  promoting  the  country's  manufacturing  industry. 


I  HAMBURGER  &  CO  ,  Importers  of  Sumatra  and  Havana  Tobacco,  No.  174  Water  Street.— About  the  oldest  house  engaged  in  the 
importation  of  the  best  growths  of  Sumatra  and  Havana  tobacco  is  that  of  the  well-known  and  responsible  firm  of  Messrs.  Hani- 
burger  &  Co.  This  business  was  established  by  the  present  proprietor,  Mr.  Hamburger,  as  loug  ago  as  1856,  and  it  has  steadily 
•  grown  into  favor  and  popularity,  and  is  now  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  houses  in  the  trade,  dealing  in  and  importing  only  the 
choicest  growths  of  Havana  and  Sumatra  tobaccos,  and  with  a  trade  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  business 
controlled  is  now  of  such  a  volume  as  to  necessitate  the  retention  of  a  large  salesroom,  warehouse  and  office— which  are  located  at  the 
address  indicated  above,  and  comprise  a  fine  building  of  five  stories,  each  floor  being  -25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions— all  well  appointed  and 
arranged  for  facilitating  and  receiving,  storing  and  delivering  of  the  heavy  consignments  handled.  A  large  stock  of  East  and  West  Indian 
tobaccos  is  always  carried,  and  is  representative  of  the  finest  crops  of  these  tobaccos  for  years  back.  Mr.  Hamburger  is  of  German  birth 
and  is  able  to  claim  a  residence  in  this  country  of  forty-eight  years.  He  has  had  a  long  and  diversified  experience  in  the  tobacco  business 
from  planting  to  cigar  manufacture,  and  is  in  a  better  position  than  the  majority  of  ins  competitors  to  serve  the  trade  with  uniform  satis 
faction. 

VILLI  AM  A.  BHIGGS,  Last  and  Tree  Manufacturer,  Nos.  91  and  03  Cliff  Street.— A  last  and  tree  manufacturing  business  in  very 
high  repute  with  leading  and  critical  boot  and  shoe  manufacturers  is  that  of  which  Mr.  William  A.  Briggs  is  the  talented  pro- 
prietor and  which  he  founded  in  1878.  A  shop,  20  x  40  feet  in  size,  is  provided  with  the  best  and  most  modern  of  lathes,  shaping 
machines,  etc.,  and  with  steam-power.  So  equipped,  the  establishment  is  able  to  turn  out  a  large  quantity  of  work  of  standard 
and  staple  kinds.  But  the  great  specialty  of  the  house  is  custom  work,  and  it  has  a  high  repute  for  the  making  of  lasts  to  fit 
any  shaped  foot  perfectly.  Scrupulous  and  intelligent  care  is  taken  in  the  thorough  seasoning  of  all  wood  employed  in  the  manufactures,  a 
large  stock  being  kept  constantly  on  hand,  and  fresh  supplies  being  put  to  mature  as  the  more  seasoned  stock  is  used.  Mr.  Briggs.  who  now 
has  from  three  to  five  of  the  most  expert  craftsmen  in  his  service,  and  is  himself  a  thoroughly  skilled  workman,  was  born  in  England,  and 
has  been  in  the  United  States  for  eighteen  years. 

rw-OHN  A.  HULL,  Weigher  of  Merchandise,  No.  103  Gold  Street.— New  York,  being  the  chief  of  the  four  greal  seaports  of  the  United 
I  States,  necessarily  gives  life  to  many  important  side  enterprises  bearing  upon  the  customs  or  revenue  department  of  the  federal  ser- 
^  I  vice,  chief  among  which  is  the  "  weigher  of  merchandise."  And  in  this  connection  it  behooves  us,  in  the  prosecution  of  our  work,  to 
1  I  make  mention  of  the  office  controlled  by  John  A.  Hull,  at  No.  103  Gold  Street.  The  business  carried  on  by  him,  as  noted  in  our  head- 
^"^  hnes,  was  established  as  far  back  as  1859.  Mr.  Hull  weighs  all  merchandise  of  any  description  that  comes  through  the  custom  house, 
whether  subject  to  duty  or  not,  and  gives  the  utmost  satisfaction  to  his  patrons,  included  among  whom  are  some  of  the  heaviest  importing 
firms  in  New  York.  Mr.  Hull  makes  a  specialty,  if  it  can  be  called  a  specialty,  in  weighing  hides,  particularly  those  coming  from  the 
La  Platte  river,  receiving  from  six  to  eight  cents  per  one  hundred  pounds,  for  so  doing.  Mr.  Hull  was  born  in  New  Y^ork,  and  is  widely 
known  and  esteemed  among  all  classes  of  our  merchants.    His  assistant  is  Mr.  Harry  M.  Gilder. 

PETER  J.  JOHNSON,  Preparer  of  Boxwood  for  Engravers'  Use,  No.  46  Beekman  Street.— One  of  the  leading  houses  in  this  line  in  the 
city  is  that  of  Mr.  Peter  J.  Johnson,  whose  establishment  provides  boxwood  for  the  requirements  of  the  engraving  trade  on  a  large 
scale;  a  really  complete  equipment  of  plant,  including  modern  machinery  specially  designed  for  the  uses  of  the  trade,  being  pro- 
vided and  driven  by  steam-power.     Routing,  blocking  and  mortising  is  here  undertaken,  and  also  all  kind  of  metal  work  incidental 
to  the  trade.     Over  fifteen  tons  of  hard  wood  are  used  per  year  upon  the  premises.     These  consist  of  a  fourth  floor.  25  x  100  feet  m 
extent;  and  twelve  trained  workmen  are  regularly  employed,  despite  the  fact  that  such  improved  labor-saving  appliances  are  used.     Mr.  Peter 
J.  Johnson,  who  initiated  his  business  four  years  ago,  has  had  twelve  yea^-s'  experience  in  this  line.     He  is  a  gentleman  of  Swedish  birth, 
who  came  to  New  York  thirteen  years  ago,  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  foremost  men  in  the  city  in  his  important  trade. 


T-i         P.  ROSE,  Factor,  Shipping,  and  Commission  Merchant,  Nos.  5  and  7  Dey  Street.— Thirty  years  of  uninterrupted  business  experience 
I   /^j       is  the  record  of  the  house  of  which  Mr.  L.  P.  Rose  is  the  head.     Founded  in  1860.  the  record  of  the  house  as  a  factor,  shipping  and 
I    \        commission  merchant  firm  has  always  been  good,  and,  becoming  more  firndy  rooted  year  by  year,  has  now  attained  a  degree  of 
■     *  •  eminence  and  solidity  which  places  it  in  the  front  rank.    Its  specialty  is  agricultural  implements  and  hardware,  and  these,  to  any- 
one familiar  with  the  almost  endless  inventions  and  improvements  that  have  been  recently  introduced  under  the  first  head,  and 
the  ten  thousand  and  one  articles  embraced  in  the  word  "  hardware,"  may  seem  sufficiently  comprehensive.    The  enviable  reputation  which 
Mr.  Rose  has  won  for  his  firm  by  undeviable  good  faith  and  sterling  integrity  causes  its  services  to  be  in  very  frequent  request.    Mr.  Rose's 
strongest  point,  however,  is  the  implements  and  hardware  departments,  in  which  he  is  a  past  master,  his  intimacy  with  the  innumerable 
articles,  their  place  of  manufacture  and  market  price,  being  almost  incredibly  comprehensive,  and  gaining  for  him  the  admiration  of  a 
very  large  number  of  correspondents  in  America  and  abroad.    Mr.  Rosa  was  born  in  this  state  and  is  looked  upon  as  a  thoroughly  repre- 
sentative business  man. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


271 


BLACKWELL  BROTHERS,  Foreign  and  Domestii;  Fruits,  and  licneral  Commission  Merchants,  No.  9!)  Park  Place.— Among  foreign 
and  domestic  fruit  and  general  commission  merchants  a  very  noted  and  flourishing  old  house  is  that  still  known  as  Blackwell  Broth- 
ers, though  Mr.  S.  H.  Blackwell  liecame  sole  proprietor  upon  the  death  of  liis  brother,  Mr.  S.  H.  Blackwell,  in  1S80.  The  business 
had  its  beginning  in  the  year  1830,  when  the  firm  name  was  Heart  Jt  Blackwell,  and  so  continued  for  ten  years,  when  the 
brothers  named  became  the  sole  partners.  The  firm  has  had  occasion  to  make  several  removals  in  order  to  secure  the  increased 
accommodation  rendered  necessary  by  the  e.\pansion  of  its  trade,  and  finally  took  up  its  quarters  at  its  present  location  three  years  ago, 
where  it  has  spacious  accommodation,  represented  by  five  rtoors,  each  ij  x  100  feet  in  expanse.  The  house  is  busily  engaged  in  he  unship- 
ping and  shipping  of  merchandise  consigned  to  it  on  commission  from  all  the  fruit  growing  centers  of  this  country,  and  imported  direct 
from  all  Mediterranean  ports  and  elsewhere,  and  forwarded  to  regular  customers  in  almost  all  parts  of  the  Union,  handling  in  large  quan- 
tities all  kiuTls  of  fruits  of  the  choicest  and  primest  quality,  each  early  in  its  respective  season.  Oranges  and  lemons  are  among  the  firm's 
great  specialties,  asare  also  the  famous  Jlalagu  gi'apes;  and  ilie  facilities  possessed  for  the  procuring  of  these,  together  with  the  care  and 
skill  e.Yercised  in  the  packing  and  shipping  of  them,  e.vplains  tlie  coimnanding  hold  the  house  has  upon  the  trade.  Mr.  Blackwell,  who  is 
an  active  member  of  the  Foreign  Fruit  E.vchange  and  of  the  Merc  lUtile  £.vchauge,  is  a  gentleman  of  New  Jersey  birth,  about  flfty-two 
years  of  age,  who  has  lived  in  this  city  nearly  the  whole  of  his  life. 

nPTLBERT  SUSSTRONG,  Manufacturer  of  Watch  Cases,  No.  10  Maiden  Lane  —The  maimfacture  of  watch  cases  is  a  specialty  in  which, 
fj  of  recent  years,  a  large  amount  of  capital  has  been  invested.  A  leading  house  in  this  line  in  New  York  is  that  of  Albert  Sus- 
I  I  strong,  Mr.  Susstrong,  having  had  many  years'  experience  as  a  practical  maker  of  watch  cases,  started  in  business  as  a  jobber 
/  and  manufacturer  on  May  1,  18S5,  and  his  business  lias  been  steadily  increasing  ever  since,  his  goods  commending  themselves  to  the 

trade  wherever  they  have  been  introduced,  owing  to  their  fine  finish  and  general  good  workmanship.  He  manufactures  engine 
turned,  engraved  and  other  fine  gold  cases,  and,  having  excellent  facilities,  is  enabled  to  fill  orders  promptly.  He  numbers  among  his  reg- 
ular customers  many  of  the  leading  jewelry  houses  in  the  country,  and  his  goods  have  never  failed  to  give  the  utmost  satisfaction.  Mr, 
fiusstrong,  who  is  a  native  of  Switzerland,  has  resided  in  tins  country  for  thirty  years. 

r-»-OHN  LAUDER,  Card  Engraver  and  Printer,  No.  2  John  Street.— This  business  was  established  as  far  back  as  1843  by  the  present 
-^  I  proprietor,  who  has  had  a  life-long  experience  in  the  various  branches  of  the  engravers'  art.  The  business,  although  ahiefiy  confined 
vS'  I  to  New  York,  is  among  the  best  houses  in  the  trade,  and  the  work  turned  out  is  of  the  finest  description  only.  A  specialty  is  made 
II  of  visiting  cards,  wedding  invit^itions,  etc.,  for  which  the  firm  has  a  high  reputation.  The  premises  consist  of  a  finely  appointed 
workroom  fitted  with  all  tools,  appliances,  etc.,  pertaining  to  the  trade.  An  elegant  assortment  of  the  firm's  best  work  is  to  be  found 
here,  and  one  highly  representative  of  the  most  recent  developments  in  the  art  of  engraving.  Mr.  Lauder  has  been  in  business  on  John 
Street  since  1840,  and  is  a  thorough  artist  and  mtiiuately  acquainted  with  the  waatti  of  the  trade. 


■/Z  Atrg^S.a'KWfkir. 


A  View  in  New  York  Bay. 


272  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

"|— %  ICE  BROTHERS  &  TIFFANY,  Manufacturers  of  The  Armant  Perfumes,  Sachet  Powders,  Toilet  Waters,  Powdei-s,  Etc.,  No.  148 
tF      Duane  Street.— In  succeeding  by  purcliase  to  the  perfumery  department  of  Messrs.  Herman  Loeb  &  Co.,  one  year  ago,  Messrs.  Eice 
I'*       Brothers  &  Tiffany  came  into  tlie  possession  of  a  concern  which  had  become  famous  all  over  the  United  States.    The  goods  manu- 
•^  V     factured  include  "  The  Armant  Perfumes,"  sachet  powders,  toilet  waters,  face  powders,  toilet  powders,  etc.,  of  the  highest  grade,  the 
firm  being  famous  for  the  production  of  such  perfumes  and  toilet  requisites  as  are  of  delicate  bouquet,  of  great  strength  and  purity, 
and  free  from  harmful  ingredients.    The  salesroom,  factory,  etc.,  which  are  on  the  second  floor  at  No.  148  Duane  Street,  are  provided  with 
everything,  either  in  respect  to  materials  or  plant,  which  can  promote  the  prosperity  of  this  flourishing  business,  five  qualified  assistants 
being  there  employed,  while  two  experienced  traveling  salesmen  represent  the  interests  of  the  liouse.    The  salesroom  previously  referred  to 
is  23  X  100  feet  in  size,  and  a  very  complete  general  Hue  of  perfumery  is  in  stock,  and  the  house  is* thus  able  to  fill  all  orders  witli,commend- 
able  promptitude.    The  partners  are  Mr.  A.  W.,  Mr.  F.  E.  Rice  and  Mr.  D.  E.  Tiffany,  the  two  former  natives  of  Massachusetts  and  resi- 
dents of  this  state  tor  the  past  ten  years,  and  the  latter  a  New  Yorker  by  birth. 

r-w-  GUNDLACH  &  COMPANY,  California  Wines  and  Brandies,  No.  53  Warren  Street.— The  high-grade  wines  and  brandies  produced 
^..,1  by  J.  Gundlach  &  Company,  proprietors  of  the  tar-famed  "  Rhine  Farm,"  Sonoma,  with  distributing  headquarters,  corner  Market 
®  I  and  Second  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  New  York  otflce  and  depot.  No.  52  Warren  Street,  are  by  universal  assent  California's 
II*  choicest  production.  These  wines  and  brandies  are  noted  tor  their  absolute  purity,  choice  flavor,  tone  and  general  excellence, 
being  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard;  and  of  the  superiority  of  tlie  same  certainly  no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be 
adduced  than  the  enduring  hold  they  have  secured  on  popular  favor  everywhere.  The  "  Rhine  Farm,"  which  was  the  pioneer  venture  in 
vineyards  in  California,  comprises  two  hundred  acres  of  the  finest  land  tor  the  purposes  indicated,  and  the  facilities  for  raising  the  crops 
and  preparing  the  same  tor  vintage  are  perfect.  The  senior  member  of  the  firm,  who  stai-ted  the  enterprise  in  185T,  exercises  close  personal 
supervision  over  the  various  processes  incidentdl  to  the  business.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Wine  Growers'  Association  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  his  sou,  Charles  Gundlach,  is  in  charge  of  the  New  York  branch,  while  Mr.  Chas.  Bundschu  the  junior  member  of  the  firm 
is  commissioner  for  the  San  Francisco  district  of  the  Viniculture  Society.  The  wide-spread  and  increasing  demand  tor  their  wines  and 
brandies  in  the  east  impelled  the  firm  to  establish  a  connection  in  the  Metropohs,  and  accordingly  in  October,  1885,  the  office  in  this  city  was 
opened,  the  venture  proving  a  signal  success.  The  quarters  here  occupied  are  commodious  and  ample,  and  a  large  stock  is  always  kept  on 
hand,  orders  being  filled  from  the  New  York  branch  or  the  San  Francisco  house  direct  in  the  most  expeditious  manner.  Every  article  sold 
by  this  widely  known  and  reliable  firm  is  guaranteed  to  be  absolutely  pure  and  of  the  finest  quality,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  exceedingly 
low,  and  relations  once  established  with  the  concern  are  certain  to  lead  to  a  permanent  business  connection. 

HEPE,  KOVEN  &  CO.,  Steam  Sheet  Steel,  Sheet  Iron  and  Copper  Works,  Manufacturers  of  High  Pressure  Galvanized  Range  Boilers, 
Plumbers'  Tanks,  Etc.,  Office,  No.  18  Spruce  Street,  Telephone  Call,  No.  ".074  Nassau."— There  are  numerous  manufacturing  estal>- 
lisliments  represented  in  New  York  that  maintain  an  active  trade  and  do  a  large  annual  business  in  their  respective  lines  of  goods, 
but  it  is  only  here  and  there  that  we  find  a  great  representative  concern,  alert  to  avail  itself  of  every  method  and  every  invention 
which  can  in  any  way  tend  to  improve  the  quality  or  extend  the  field  of  usefulness  for  their  goods.  The  growth  and  development 
of  such  concerns  cannot  be  gauged  by  the  general  run  of  trade.  They  are  on  a  difTerent  plan,  and  fill  a  sphere  of  usefulness  of  the  widest 
extent,  with  the  largest  consumers  of  their  specialties  tor  perujanent  customers.  An  apt  illustration  of  this  is  the  great  house  of  Messrs. 
Hepe,  Koven  <S:  Co.,  proprietors  of  the  Steam  Sheet  Steel,  Sheet  Iron  and  Copper  Works,  at  Mountain  and  Paterson  Roads,  Jersey  City,  with 
offices  at  No.  IS  Spruce  Street,  New  York.  This  firm  have  an  international  reputation  as  manufacturers  of  high  pressiu-e  galvanized  range 
boilers,  air  boilers,  air  brake  cylinders,  varnish  kettles,  expansion  tanks,  oil  tanks  and  all  kinds  ot  sheet  steel  and  sheet  iron  specialties  for 
the  domestic  and  foreign  trade.  The  works  at  Jersey  City  cover  an  area  of  '235  x  80  feet,  and  are  splendidly  equipped  with  large  punching 
presses,  rivetting  machines,  drawing  presses  and  ample  steam-power,  and  steady  employment  has  been  given  to  fifty  skilled  mechanics. 
The  firm  are  perfectly  prepared  to  execute  any  kind  of  work  in  sheet  iron  or  copper;  make  to  order  any  kind  of  tanks  for  oil,  house,  fac- 
tory or  plantation  use,  and  furnish  the  finest  boilers  of  steel.  When  the  friction  ot  competition  rules  more  closely  than  ever,  it  is  only  those 
who  have  full  confidence  in  their  resources  who  can  possibly  come  to  the  front.  Unquestionably  the  foundation  of  the  success  of  this  house 
lies  in  the  complete  knowledge  possessed  by  its  proprietors  concerning  all  details  and  processes  of  manufacture.  They  are  all  practical  men 
at  the  business,  and  give  it  the  benefit  of  their  close  personal  attention.  Their  boilers,  tanks  and  other  specialties  are  the  best  in  the  market, 
and  their  perfected  facilities  enable  them  to  supply  the  trade  promptly  at  the  lowest  bottom  prices.  All  orders  receive  immediate  and  care- 
ful attention  and  entire  satisfaction  is  accorded  to  patrons.  The  business  is  not  only  large  and  influential  throughout  the  United  States,  but 
a  very  heavy  trade  is  enjoyed  witli  South  America.  The  co-partners,  Messrs.  Theo.  Hepe,  Wm.  Koven  and  L.  O.  Koven,  established  this  bus- 
iness in  September,  1881,  and  have  built  it  up  to  its  present  magnitude  on  the  sound  and  substantial  basis  of  merit.  Mr.  Theo.  Hepe  is  a 
native  of  Germany,  wdio  came  to  this  country  in  186.'!;  Mr.  William  Koven  was  also  born  in  Germany,  and  has  resided  here  since  1840;  while 
his  son,  Mr.  L.  O.  Koven,  is  a  New  Yorker  by  birth  and  training.  These  gentlemen  combine  ripe  experience  and  vigorous  enterprise  to  form 
a  firm  ot  commanding  influence,  wide  popularity  and  international  repute. 

SJ.  PARDESSUS,  First-class  Oval,  Square  and  Round  Glass  Shades,  No.  74  Murray  Street,  Near  College  Place.— 5Ir.  S.  J.  Pardessus 
is  the  oldest  and  foremost  representative  of  this  particular  branch  ot  art  in  the  metropolis,  and  has  a  floiu'ishing  business,  his  goods 
being  not  onl}'  in  wide  and  growing  demand  in  the  trade  throughout  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  but  are  exported  quite 
•  considerably  also  to  Central  and  South  America.  He  manufactures  a  great  variety  of  oval,  square  and  round  glass  shades,  in  all 
sizes,  of  good  color,  clearness  and  toughness,  for  covering  clocks,  birds,  baskets  and  floral  pieces;  also  deep  convex  glass,  framed  in 
ebony  finish  polished,  8  to  18  inches  in  diameter,  for  like  purposes,  and  for  exhibiting  trade  samples,  wreatlis,  etc.  Mr.  Pardessus  also  manu- 
factures glass  shades  with  a  knob  on  top  (secured  from  inside),  for  watchmaker,  telegraphic,  microscopic  and  other  uses;  glass  domes,  6  to 
28  inches  in  diameter,  and  3  to  14  inches  high,  and  gives  special  attention  to  yacht  and  boat  model  cases,  which  are  made  to  order  in  ebonized 
or  redwood  frames  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art,  at  short  notice.  His  productions  are  noted  for  ingenuity  of  construction,  beauty  of  design, 
elegance  of  finish  and  durability.  The  quarters  occupied  are  commodious  and  well  appointed,  and  an  elfloient  staff  is  here  employed,  the 
manufacturing  being  done  by  contract.  A  large  and  unusually  fine  assortment  is  constantly  kept  in  stock,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate 
attention.  Mr.  Pardessus,  the  proprietor,  is  a  gentleman  somewhat  past  the  meridian  ot  life,  but  still  active  and  vigorous,  and  is  a  New 
Yorker  by  birth,  though  a  respected  resident  ot  Brooklyn  some  forty  odd  years.  He  was  tor  several  years  during  the  war  an  efficient  sec- 
tional president  of  the  Union  League  branch  in  Brooklyn,  of  which' organization  he  is  one  of  the  oldest  members.  Mr.  Pardessus  is  essen- 
tially a  self-made  man,  and  has  carved  his  way  unaided  since  youth  to  prominence  and  distinction  by  force  of  character,  perseverance  and 
intelligent  effort.  He  commenced  his  business  career  as  a  clerk  in  a  large  importing  house,  where,  although  yet  a  youth,  he  soon  won  the 
confidence  and  favor  of  his  employees,  and  was  rapidly  advanced,  soon  occupying  a  responsible  position  in  the  establishment,  finally  becom- 
ing a  joint  partner  in  the  house.  With  characteristic  enterprise,  he  started  on  his  own  account  in  18+S,  and  for  years  was  extensively  engaged 
in  importing  French  specialties  in  glass.  At  the  outbreak  ot  the  late  war,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  liianufacturing  the  goods  himself,  as  the 
same  could  be  imported  only  at  a  loss  at  the  period  indicated,  and,  accordingly,  purchased  a  factory  tor  the  purpose.  The  ventare  proved  a 
signal  success,  and  Mr.  Pardessus  was  for  several  years  the  sole  manufacturer  ot  glass  shades  in  this  country. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  273 

STANDARD  STA-VE  &  COOPERAGE  CO.,  New  York  and  Boston,  Staves  and  Heading,  for  Export  and  Domestic  Use,  Office,  No.  19 
Wliiteliall  Street,  Isaac  B.  Mills,  Agent.— Tlie  urowtU  of  this  interest  has  been  especially  notable  within  recent  years,  and  has  brought 
to  the  front  in  the  metropolis  a  number  of  prosperous  merchants,  prominent  among  the  others  being  Isaac  B.  Mills,  agent  for  the 
Standard  Stave  and  Cooperage  Co.,  New  York  and  Boston,  manufacturers  of  staves  and  heading,  for  expoit  and  domestic  use,  also 
manufacturers  of  tanks,  casks  and  kegs  of  all  kinds,  sfflce.  No.  19  Whitehall  Street  (Room  No.  31,  Kemble  Building).  This  gentleman 
also  represents  the  New  Y'ork  Cooperage  Co.,  niauufacturers  of  kegs,  barrels  and  cooperage  of  every  description,  and  deals  in  cooperage 
stock  generally.  Mr.  MUls,  who  is  treasurer  of  the  New  Y^ork  Cooperage  C'o.,  is  a  gentleman  of  about  thirty-five  years  of  age  and  a  native  of 
Boston.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise  and  of  ample  experience  in  this  line,  being  thoroughly  conversant  witli  the  trade;  and  during 
the  entire  period  he  has  been  established  here  lias  been  signally  successful,  shipping  to  all  parts  of  the  globe.  Mr.  Mills  occupies  commo- 
dious quarters  on  the  second  floor  of  the  Kemble  Building,  and  employs  several  clerks.  He  is  prepared  to  execute  orders  for  anything  m  the 
line  indicated,  either  for  home  consumption  or  export,  at  bottom  prices,  quoting  the  most  liberal  terms  possible,  while  all  goods  sold  by  him 
are  fully  warranted. 

VEY'MAN  BROS.,  Eastern  Office,  No.  18  Broadway.— One  of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  United  States  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
tobacco  and  snuffs,  is  that  of  Messrs.  Weymaii  &  Bro.,  of  Pittsburgh,  whose  eastern  ofBce  is  located  at  No.  18  Broadway,  rooms 
Nos.  926-927.  The  inception  of  this  house  dates  back  to  1827,  and  during  the  two  thirds  of  a  century  that  it  has  been  in  active 
operation  it  has  ever  maintained  an  enviable  reputation  for  the  superiority  of  its  products,  and  it  has  developed  an  influential 
trade  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  works  m  Pittsburgh  are  equipped  with  the  most  modern  steam-power 
machinery,  furnish  lucrative  employment  to  a  force  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  hands,  and  have  a  productive  capacity  of  2,000,000  pounds  of 
tobacco  a  year.  The  tobaccos  and  snuffs  made  by  this  house  have  a  national  reputation  for  superiority  of  quality,  and  are  unsurpassed  in 
general  excellence.  The  agency  in  this  city  was  opened  in  1879,  and  has  from  the  first  been  in  care  of  Mr.  W.  A.  Robinson,  under  whose  able 
management  the  eastern  trade  of  the  house  has  been  greatly  increased.  He  has  been  in  the  tobacco  business  tor  the  past  twenty -six  years, 
and  has  been  with  VVey  man  &  Bros,  tor  the  past  twelve  years  and  is  one  of  their  most  trusted  Ueutenants.  He  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
but  has  resided  in  New  York  since  18G5. 

~ry       ■&■  EBEEHARDT,  Manufacturing  Chemist,  Manufacturer  and  Importer  of  Soluble  Extracts,  Colorings,  Gum  Foam,  Essential  Oils, 

I  <®      '*°'  ^"^  P'^rl  Street,  Near  John.— In  succeeding  to  the  busmess  of  Mr.  Adolf  Convert  in  1890  Mr.  L.  A.  Eberhardt  came  into  the  pos- 

I  V       session  of  an  enterprise  enjoying  a  liigh  reputation  as  a  manufacturing  and  importing  concern,  dealing  in  soluble  extracts,  colorings, 

—    •  gum  foam,  essential  oils.  Palmetto  and  Florida  flavoring  extracts,  chemicals,  drugs,  etc.    The  house  commands  a  business  of  very 

considerable  volume  in  all  the  goods  specifically  named,  and  the  list  of  goods  it  handles  which  come  under  the  heading  of  "  drugs  " 

or  "  chemicals  "  are  very  numerous.    Soluble  extracts  are,  however,  the  specialty  of  the  house,  and  in  this  department  of  its  business  the 

firm  is  most  highly  famed  for  the  choice  character  of  the  brands  for  which  it  makes  itself  responsible.    The  enterprise  was  founded  by  Mr. 

Convert  in  1883,  and  his  successor,  Mr.  Eberhardt,  is  a  professional  analytical  chemist,  who  is  deeply  versed  in  all  the  detailed  technicalities  of 

the  manufacture  of  such  goods  as  are  embraced  in  the  firm's  operations,  and  knows  well  how  to  sustain  and  to  enhance  its  prestige.    A  varied 

stock  is  carried,  inclusive  of  the  best  and  purest  preparations  iu  each  department.    Colorings  are  represented  by  burnt  sugar  colorings,  wine 

and  sarsaparilla,  rum  and  beer  coloring,  and  a  brilliant  red  coloring  which  is  guaranteed  to  be  harmless,  and  one  ounce  of  which  to  a  gallon 

of  syrup  produces  a  rich  raspberry  efifect.    The  soluble  extracts  include  lemon,  blood  orange,  vanilla,  cream  soda,  birch  beer,  etc.,  and  have 

been  especially  introduced  by  this  progressive  house  to  meet  a  want  distinctly  felt  by  manufacturers  of  carbonated  beverages.    The  "  Syrup 

Aromatic  Phosphate  "  is  a  highly  recommended  soda  fountain  specialty  manufactured  by  L.  A.  Eberhardt,  and  of  L.  A.  E.'s  Florida  Root 

Beer  Extract  lots  are  sold  all  over  the  country.    For  these  as  for  its  other  products  constantly  increasing  sales  have  afforded  convincing 

proofs  that  the  efforts  of  the  house  to  supply  only  the  best  of  extracts,  with  the  purest  ingredients  have  been  thoroughly  appreciated.    Mr. 

L.  A.  Eberhardt  is  not  only  tamed  among  iiis  fellow  experimental  chemists,  but  is  prominent  iu  the  business  world  and  generally  popular. 

ELY  BROTHERS,  Cream  Balm,  No.  56  Warren  Street.— Who  has  not  heard  of  Ely's  Cream  Balm?  Its  unique  and  attractive  advertise- 
ment is  to  be  seen  in  every  popular  newspaper  in  the  land,  while  its  efficacy  as  a  cure  for  catarrh,  colds  in  the  head,  rose-cold,  hay 
fever,  deafness,  headache  and  other  kindred  diseases,  is  sworn  to  by  hundreds  of  thousands  grateful  users  in  this  and  other  countries. 
This  valuable  remedy  is  manufactured  by  Messrs.  Ely  Brothers.  The  business  was  originally  established  in  1879,  in  Owego.  N.  Y'., 
and  was  removed  to  New  Y'ork  in  1887.  Here  the  firm  possess  every  facility  for  rapid  and  perfect  production.  Ely's  Cream  Balm  is 
not  a  liquid,  snuff  or  powder,  but  is  an  ointment  containing  no  injurious  drugs,  has  no  ofi'ensive  odor,  and  causes  no  pain.  It  elTectually 
cleanses  the  nasal  pas.sages  of  catarrhal  virus,  causing  healthy  secretions:  soothes  and  allays  inflammation  and  irritation,  protects  the  mem- 
branal  linings  of  the  head  from  fresh  colds,  completely  heals  the  sores  and  restores  the  senses  of  taste,  smell  and  hearing.  It  also  removes 
bad  taste  and  foul  breatli  when  resulting  from  catarrh.  Wonderfully  beneficial  effects  are  realized  by  a  few  applications.  As  an  immediate 
relief  for  colds  in  the  heads,  catarrhal  headache  and  snuflles,  and  as  a  household  remedy  tor  local  irritations,  Ely's  Cream  Balm  gives  the 
highest  satisfaction.  Catarrh  sulterers  should  remember  that  Ely's  Cream  Balm  is  the  only  catarrh  remedy  which  is  quickly  and  thoroughly 
absorbed  by  the  diseased  membrane.  Even  in  acute  cases  the  Balm  imparts  almost  instant  relief.  For  all  stoppages  and  colds  in  the  head, 
which  often  trouble  the  little  ones,  it  will  be  found  the  pleasantest  and  surest  of  prescriptions.  The  attention  of  physicians  is  called  to  Ely's 
Cream  Balm  as  a  remedy  for  all  mucous  membranal  irritations  wherever  located.  The  trade  is  all  over  the  United  States  and  Canadas.  The 
proprietors,  Jlessrs.  Alfred  G.,  Chas.  C.  and  Fred  Ely,  are  natives  of  Owego,  N.  Y.,  now  residing  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  and  are  all 
young  men  of  sterling  enterprise,  thorough  reliability  and  personal  worth. 

r-r  EINSTEIN,  Importer  of  French  Kid,  German  Pebble,  Glazed  Goat,  Etc.,  and  Manufacturer  of  Fine  Dull  and  Glazed  Kid.  Calf  Kid, 
_^  I  Etc.,  No.  88  Gold  Street.— 5Ir.  J.  Einstein  lias  for  some  fifteen  years  or  more  been  steadily  pushing  his  way  to  the  front.  He  is  a 
'&  I  direct  importer  of  French  kid  and  other  fine  upper  stock;  also  manufacturer  of  fine  dull  Dongola  calf  kid,  etc.,  doing  his  manufact- 
\  I  •  uring  at  Wilmington,  Del,,  and  his  business,  which  extends  all  over  the  United  States,  is  very  large,  the  total  annual  sales  reaching  a 
handsome  sum.  The  quarters  occupied  at  the  fine  Healy  Building,  corner  Ferry  and  Gold  Streets,  are  commodious,  ample  and 
well  arranged,  and  half  a  dozen  or  more  of  a  staff  are  here  employed,  with  several  representatives  on  the  road  besides.  An  extensive  and 
first-class  assortment  is  constantly  carried  on  hand,  the  stock  being  very  complete  and  unusually  fine,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  at- 
tention, the  proprietor  himself  exercising  close  personal  supervision  over  the  entire  concern.  Every  article  sold  in  this  reliable  house  is  war- 
ranted to  be  as  represented,  while  the  very  lowest  prices  consistent  with  quality  of  goods  are  invariably  quoted,  special  inducements  being 
offered  to  shoe  manufacturers,  and  persons  having  dealings  here  are  assured  of  liberal  and  honorable  treatment.  Mr.  Einstein  is  a  gentle- 
man of  middle  age,  born  in  Germany  and  a  resident  of  this  country  for  over  quarter  of  a  century,  and  enjoys  an  excellent  reputation  in  the 
trade. 


274  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

■w-j-ELLER,  ETTINGER  &  FINK,  American  Watches  and  Diamonds,  No.  31  Jolm  Street.— Of  the  numerous  manufacturers  of  fine 
1/  jewelry  for  which  New  York  is  noted,  a  house  whose  fame  is  exceptionally  high  and  far-reaching,  is  one  that  for  well  over  a  quarter 
|\  of  a  century  was  known  as  Pforzheimer,  Keller  &  Co.,  and  which  for  the  past  two  years  has  worthily  sustained  its  prestige  under  the 
•^  V  trading  title  of  Keller,  Ettinger  &  Fink,  now  represented  by  five  commercial  travelei-s  upon  the  road.  In  addition  to  the  manufact- 
uring  of  jewelry,  diamonds  and  American  watches  are  largely  dealt  in  Ipy  the  house,  and  a  very  heavy  stock  is  carried  at  its  premises 
at  No.  31  John  Street.  These  consist  of  a  floor  no  less  than  25  x  60  feet  in  size,  and  they  present  the  appearance  of  one  of  the  finest 
places  of  their  kind,  with  their  handsome  appointments  and  four  fine  safes.  The  goods  there  shown  are  not  only  very  complete  iu  their 
variety,  but  their  entire  reliability  is  in  full  accord  with  the  long  established  reputation  of  the  concern.  The  proprietors  are  Mr.  D.  Keller 
who  was  born  in  Germany,  though  a  resident  of  this  country  for  thirty  years;  I.  B.  Ettinger  and  H.  J.  Fink,  natives  of  this  country. 

He.  SMITH,  Manufacturer's  Agent,  Wagons,  Sleds  and  Sulkies,  Etc.,  No.  56  Warren  Street.— Among  the  number  contributing 
most  extensively  to  the  sum  of  activity  in  the  line  above  indicated  there  is,  perhaps,  not  one  who  is  more  widely  or  more  favorably 
known  than  H.  C.  Smith.  He  represents  several  big  manufacturers  of  wagons,  sulkies,  sleds,  baby  carriages,  desks  and  chairs,  his 
•  leading  specialties  being  pony  and  goat  wagons  and  sleds,  and,  altogether,  his  trade  is  exceedingly  large,  selling  to  jobbers 
throughout  the  United  States.  Mr.  Smith,  who  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age,  was  born  in  Columbia  County,  N.  Y.,  and  has  re- 
sided in  this  city  some  thirty  odd  years.  He  is  a  man  of  long  and  varied  experience  in  this  line  and  thoroughly  reliable  in  his  business  rela- 
tions. Mr.  Smith,  who  is  the  New  Y'ork  representative  of  the  Gilbert  Manufacturing  Co.,  wagons  and  sleighs,  is  selling  agent  also  for  the 
Sharp  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  North  East  Pennsylvania,  chairs,  swings  and  clothes-horses,  and  for  L.  B.  Ramsdell,  manufacturer  of  baby 
carriages,  chairs,  desks,  etc..  South  Gardner,  Massachusetts.  He  occupies  commodious  quarters  where  a  full  and  fine  sample  stock  is  dis- 
played, and  several  efficient  clerks  and  salesmen  are  in  attendance,  and  all  orders  are  filled  from  the  factories  in  the  most  expeditious  and 
trustworthy  manner.  The  terms  and  prices  are  exceptionally  liberal,  the  inducements  offered  the  jobbing  trade  being  of  a  very  substantial 
character. 

NATIONAL  PATENT  COMP.\NY,  Solicitors  of  United  States  and  Foreign  Patents,  J.  S.  Zerbe,  Manager,  Nos.  865  and  267  Broadway.— 
Mr.  J.  S.  Zerbe,  the  manager  of  the  National  Patent  Company,  has  had  an  experience  of  twenty-two  years  in  patent  law  practice,  being 
formerly  at  the  head  of  the  American  Patent  Agency  at  Cincinnati  and  established  his  present  office  here  in  1890.  He  gives  his  close 
personal  attention  to  the  preparation  and  prosecutionof  applications  for  both  American  and  foreign  patents,  and  his  facilities  for 
securing  the  same  are  unsurpassed  by  any  of  his  contemporaries  in  the  country.  Specifications  and  drawings  are  prepared,  caveats 
and  assignments  are  made  out,  together  with  all  papers  necessary  for  the  re-issue  of  a  defective  patent,  as  well  as  for  design  patents,  trade- 
marks, labels  and  copyrights;  preliminary  examinations  are  made  as  to  the  patentability  of  an  invention,  investigations  are  made  as  to  the 
scope  and  validity  of  a  patent,  and  all  business  is  transacted  with  promptness  and  fidelity  to  the  best  interests  of  clients.  To  inventors  resid- 
ing in  a  remote  section  of  the  country,  this  company  propose  to  furnish  the  address  of  their  duly  authorized  agent  in  that  town  or  county 
to  whom  they  can  can  go  and  arrange  business  personally.  In  the  majority  of  cases  the  agent  or  attorney  will  be  known  to  the  inventor  and 
information  can  thereby  be  obtained  concerning  the  responsibility  of  this  company  as  well  as  to  steps  required  to  proceed  with  the  case. 
Every  client  of  this  company  is  furnished  with  the  Official  Gazette  of  the  United  States  patent  office  for  the  term  of  one  year,  or  a  full  list  of 
such  patents  as  may  be  in  the  line  of  his  invention.  Tliis  company  have  also  adopted  the  plan  of  stating  to  their  clients  what  the  exact  cost 
will  be,  when  they  first  take  the  case.  Rejected  and  abandoned  cases  are  respectfully  solicited.  The  company  are  also  prepared  to  under- 
take the  prosecution  of  any  form  of  patent  litigation  in  the  United  States  courts  and  special  attention  is  given  to  prosecuting  cases  of  infringe- 
ment, conducting  defenses,  expert  testimony  relating  to  patents,  searches  In  any  class  to  ascertain  the  state  of  the  art,  and  investigations  in 
special  lines  of  manufacturers  to  determine  conflicting  inventions.  The  company  has  an  associate  office  at  No.  637  F  Street,  Washington,  D. 
C,  and  branch  offices  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Detroit,  New  Orleans,  Louisville,  Kansas  City,  Milwaukee,  San 
Francisco  and  Cleveland,  besides  foreign  correspondents  in  London,  Paris,  Berlin,  Vienna,  Madrid,  Antwerp,  Ottawa  and  Mexico.  Mr.  Zerbe, 
the  manager,  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  still  in  the  active  prime  of  life  and  known  and  honored  in  governmental  departments  both  at  home 
and  abroad. 

WARRICK  FRERES,  Manufacturers,  Distillers  and  Importers  of  Essential  Oils,  Olive  Oils,  Pomades  and  Floral  Waters,  No.  252 
Greenwich  Street.— Messrs.  Warrick  Freres  are  manufacturers,  distillers  and  importers,  with  factory  at  Grasse,  France,  and 
branch  houses  also  in  Paris  and  London,  and  they  manufacture  a  very  superior  class  of  preparations  in  the  line  indicated,  their 
productions  being  noted  for  purity,  choice  Savor  and  fine  quality.  The  specialties  of  the  firm  are  pure  olive  oils,  pomades  and 
floral  waters,  and  these  are  in  extensive  and  increasing  demand  in  the  trade,  not  only  throughout  the  United  States  and  Mexico, 
but  are  exported  quite  largely,  likewise,  to  South  American  countries.  This  flourishing  business  was  started  in  Europe  some  forty  odd  years 
ago,  and  the  New  York  branch  was  established  in  1880,  under  the  management  of  Harry  Warrick,  the  resident  partner.  The  quarters  occu- 
pied as  office  and  salesroom  here  are  compact  and  well  ordered,  and  a  large  stock  is  constantly  kept  on  hand.  The  assortment  includes 
besides  high-grade  essential  oils,  olive  oils,  pomades  and  floral  waters,  also  a  fine  line  of  extracts,  flavors  and  druggists'  sundries,  and  all 
orders  for  the  trade  are  filled  in  the  most  prompt  and  reliable  manner.  The  individual  members  of  the  firm  are  Messrs.  Charles,  Harry  and 
Arthur  Warrick,  who  are  all  gentlemen  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  trade.  Owing  to  the  greatly  enlarged  and  constantly  increasing 
business  in  this  city,  they  found  it  necessary  to  obtain  more  ample  premises,  and,  accordingly,  have  moved  to  No.  252  Greenwich  Street,  where 
they  occupy  the  whole  of  the  five-story  25  x  100,  feet  building. 

-r^  LIVINGSTON  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Pocket  Books,  Writing  Tablets,  Etc.,  No.  81  White  Street.— This  enterprising  and  popular 
I  /-N  concern  was  established  by  Weil  &  Livingston,  in  1871,  and  was  conducted  by  them  with  great  vigor  and  success,  building  up  a  very 
I  \  large  and  influential  wholesale  trade,  and  extending  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  In  January,  1891,  the  present  firm  was 
-^ — '  *  inaugurated  by  the  admission  of  Mr.  Max  Katzenberg,  who  is  also  a  thoroughly  experienced  and  energetic  business  man. 
The  premises  utilized  for  the  business  are  very  spacious  and  commodious,  comprising  three  entire  floors,  each  35  x  100  feet  in 
dimensions  and  admirably  fitted  up  for  business  and  manufacturing  purposes.  The  mechanical  department  is  well  arranged  and  thoroughly 
equipped  with  all  the  latest  improved  machinery,  tools  and  appliances  required  in  the  business,  while  constant  employment  is  furnished  a 
force  of  seventy-five  skilled  and  experienced  hands,  both  male  and  female.  The  range  of  products  embrace  everything  in  the  line  of  fine, 
fancy  leather  goods,  such  as  pocket  books  in  all  shapes  and  styles,  porte-monnaies,  fine  wallets,  writing  tablets,  for  which  they  are  headquar- 
ters, bags  of  every  shape  and  size,  glove  and  handkerchief  cases  at  all  prices,  card  cases,  music  and  manuscript  rolls,  portfolios,  photograph 
cases,  reticules,  shopping  and  lunch  bags  and  boxes,  and  in  fact  everything  that  can  be  thought  of  in  the  line  of  fancy,  useful,  unique  and 
novel  in  the  line  of  fine  leather  goods.  The  firm  makes  a  specialty  of  selecting  its  own  stock  from  the  most  reliable  sources  and  a  very  large 
assortment  of  fine  Russian  leather  in  all  colors.  French  plain  and  Suede  kids  and  moroccos,  also  plain  and  buffed  calf,  alligator  and  other 
choice  varieties  of  leather  together  with  the  very  best  grades  of  trimmings  are  kept  constantly  on  hand  ready  for  the  fulfilment  of  all  orders. 
Mr.  Livingston  is  a  native  ot  Germany  but  a  resident  of  this  city  for  many  years,  while  Mr.  Katzenberg  was  born  and  raised  here. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  275 

THOMAS  BAGOT,  Public  Accountant  and  Auditor,  Temple  Court  Building,  No.  5  Beekman  Street.— That  very  difficult  ot  all  pro- 
fessions, accountancy,  with  its  manifold  responsibilities  and  arduous  obligations,  is  pursued  with  essentially  successful  results  by 
the  well-known  house  of  Jlr.  Thomas  Bagot,  public  accountant  and  auditor.  His  valuable  services  ai-e  constantly  called  into  requisi- 
tion with  a  skill  that  is  truly  indicative  of  the  tact  that  he  is  a  past  master  of  the  profession;  the  auditing  of  accounts,  the  prepara- 
tion of  balance  sheets,  the  duties  of  a  trustee  in  bankruptcy  and  those  in  connection  with  arbitrations  and  awards  being  all  undertaken 
and  executed  with  unvarying  accuracy,  and  always  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  chents  for  whom  he  acts.  Thus,  he  has  been  entrusted 
with  some  of  the  most  important  accountancy  work,  durmg  the  fifteen  years  he  has  been  practising,  amongst  others  being  those  in  connection 
with  the  most  extensive  failures  during  many  years  past.  Mr.  Bagot  is  of  English  birth,  now  fifty-nine  years  of  age,  and  has  resided  in  this 
city  for  the  past  twenty-two  years.  He  learned  the  profession  in  his  mother  country,  and  lias  at  his  command  an  experience  dating  back 
to  1&4T. 

THE  VOLKSADVOCAT,  Mintz,  Brody  &  Chelimer,  Publishers,  No  m  Canal  Street.— The  old  established  weekly  Hebrew  paper  "The 
Volksadvocat."  enables  the  newly  arrived  emigrant,  unfamiliar  with  our  tongue  to  at  once  gain  a  rudimentary  knowledge  of  our  laws 
and  social  customs,  and  at  least  teaches  them  the  usages  to  which  it  is  their  duty  to  conform.  It  is  noted  for  its  literary  strength  while 
it  is  non  partizan.  The  avidity  with  which  those  who  make  this  their  adopted  country  read  such  journals,  at  once  demonstrates  the 
need  of  them,  and  bears  testimony  to  their  value,  while  their  advertising  columns  supply  a  mediuin  of  communication  where  practically 
no  other  exists.  The  Volksadvocat,  of  which  Messrs.  Mintz,  Brody  &  Chelimer  are  the  publishers,  in  particular  has  proved  of  inestimable 
value,  alike  to  the  city  and  its  newly-arrived  residents.  Printing  of  every  description  (whether  commercial,  society  or  jobbing)  is  undertaken 
at  the  finely  equipped  office  in  Canal  Street.  The  talented  and  enterprising  proprietors,  Messrs.  M.  Mintz,  I.  Brody  and  J.  Chelimer,  all  gen- 
tlemen of  German  birth,  are  able  business  men,  and  deserve  unstinted  praise  for  the  laudable  manuer  in  which  they  have  used  the  powerful 
weapon  they  possess  for  the  good  of  the  comumnity. 

CF.  CHELLBORG,  Lumber,  Cypress  and  Pine  Shingles,  Long  Leaf  Yellow  Pine  Flooring  in  Car  Load  Lots,  No.  19  Broadway.— 
This  business  was  established  some  twenty  years  ago,  and  has  had  a  progressive  and  prosperous  career.  The  chief  lines  dealt  in  are 
lumber,  cypress  and  pine  shingles  and  long  leaf  yellow  pine  flooring  in  car  load  lots;  and  the  majority  of  the  patronage  is  centered  in 
*  the  eastern  and  middle  states,  although  a  small  export  trade  is  done.  The  firm  buy  ship-loads  of  lumber  out  and  out,  and  on  order 
as  required,  and  the  importance  of  the  undertaking  may  be  judged  from  their  annual  turnover,  which  aggregates  on  an  average, 
thirty  million  shingles  and  forty  million  feet  of  lumber.  The  firm  have  a  very  high  and  sound  reputation  for  dealing  only  in  the  best  lumber, 
etc,  well  seasoned  and  ready  for  immediate  use,  and  its  thorough  squareness  in  all  dealings  has  resulted  in  a  trade  which  is  steadily  increas- 
ing year  by  year,  and  is  confined  for  the  most  part  to  the  largest  users  in  the  states  referred  to.  Mr.  Chellborg  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and 
is  now  of  middle  age.  He  is  interested  in  various  saw-mills;  thus  enabUng  him  to  offer  to  his  patrons  special  inducements  in  the  price  of 
large  consignments. 

SIDNEY  E.  SMITH.  Manufacturer  of  Confectioners'  Machines,  Tools,  Molds,  Etc.,  No.  75  Fulton  Street.— The  leading  representative 
of  the  trade  in  confectioners'  machinery,  tools,  molds  and  supplies  of  every  description  is  Mr.  Sidney  E.  Smith.  He  has  a  reputation 
and  a  trade  co-extensive  with  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  while  he  also  ships  large  quantities  to  numerous  foreign  ports.  The 
business  was  established  here  some  twenty-five  years  ago,  by  Messrs.  Peter  Gardner  and  Walter  Moss,  and  after  some  changes,  the 
present  proprietor  succeeded  to  the  control  in  1881.  As  the  original  establishment  in  New  Y'ork  City  making  confec- 
tioners' tools  a  specialty,  this  house  claims  to  know  the  general  wants  of  the  trade,  and  merits  the  general  confidence  and 
support.  Among  the  leading  specialties  introduced  by  this  house  may  be  named  the  patent  caramel  and  candy  cutter,  which, 
while  essentially  a  caramel  cutter,  is  useful  for  cutting  almost  all  kinds  of  candies,  including  chewing  gum  candies  and  jujubes;  the  Jap  or 
Universal  candy  cutter,  the  adjustable  caramel  cutters,  rolling  machine,  sizer  or  brake,  cocoanut  cutters,  improved  cocoanut  grater  and  fruit 
pulper,  candy  curlers,  circular  steel  batch  knives,  hoarhound  cutters,  iron  rolling  pins,  machines  and  rollers  for  boiled  sugar,  fruit  drops, 
acid  or  cough  drops,  imperials  and  for  chewing  gums;  standard  steam-power  drop  machines,  fruit  drop  roller  patterns,  clear  or  lemon  toy 
machines  for  Christmas  candies,  chewing  gum  machinery,  kiss  cutters,  lemon  drop  cutters,  Kossuth  and  plait  machines,  improved  eclipse 
ornamenting  tubes,  gooseberry  ball  machine,  Jackson  ball  cutters,  movable  candy  hooks,  toy  molds  in  great  variety,  candy  pans,  candy 
shovels  and  scoops,  palette  knives,  lozenge  cutters,  white  lustral  wire  goods,  ice  cream  freezers,  toy  pans,  mint  droppers,  copper  dippers, 
stoves  and  other  confectioners'  copper  work,  and  everything  for  confectioners'  use.  Mr.  Smith  was  born  in  London  and  came  to  this  city  in 
his  boyhood,  and  his  continued  success  and  permanent  prosperity  seem  well  assured. 

r-w-OHN  DOSCHER  &  CO.,  Produce  Commission  Merchants,  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Poultry,  Etc.,  No.  144  Reade  Street.— A  house  to  -which 
^-^  I  justly  belongs  the  honor  of  being  a  representative  one  is  that  of  John  Doscher  iS:  Co.  The  firm  was  established  in  the  year  1879.  and,  since 
W  I  the  date  of  its  organization,  its  progress  has  been  constantly  in  the  direction  of  prosperity.  The  class  of  business  carried  on  by  the 
11  house  is  that  ot  merchants  upon  commission  in  general  agricultural  and  dairy  produce,  the  specialties  of  the  house  being  butter, 
cheese,  eggs,  poultry,  etc.  The  house  receives  heavy  consignments  from  the  important  supply  centers  of  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada, and  transacts  an  extensive  and  expanding  business  throughout  the  metropolis  and  the  vicinity.  Messrs.  Doscher  &  Co.  also  carry  on  a 
voluminous  export  trade  in  high  class  butter  and  cheese,  the  points  of  destination  being  England  and  Germany.  The  premises  consist  of  a 
floor  and  basement  each  covering  an  area  of  3,.500  square  feet,  and  require  in  their  management  a  stalT  of  six  employees.  The  names  ot  the 
partners  are  John  Doscher  and  Henry  Doscher.  They  are  both  natives  of  Germany.  They  have  been  resident  in  this  country  for  over  thirty 
years,  during  which  time  they  have  been  active  in  their  identification  with  the  commercial  development  of  this  section.  They  ai-e  prominent 
members  of  the  Mercantile  Exchange,  upon  the  floor  of  which  instilMtion  their  name  is  regarded  as  conveying  an  assurance  of  sterling  worth. 

rj-w- CME  RUBBER  COMP.4.NY,  L.  B.  Tmslow,  Manager,  No.  43  Centre  Street.— A  feature  is  made  by  the  Acme  Rubber  Company  of  the 
£J  production  of  special  articles  for  inventors,  for  experimental  chemists  and  scientists,  of  surgical  goods  of  all  kinds,  etc..  in  either 
/  I  hard  or  soft  rubber.  A  distinguishing  characteristic  of  this  young  and  enterprising  house,  which  is  quickl.y  winning  for  itself  an 
/  enviable  fame,  is  the  manufacture  of  fine  mold  work;  its  experienced  principal  undertaking  the  construction  of  and  giving  a  close 

and  personal  attention  to  the  elaboration  of  the  molds  in  the  best  form  wherever  patrons  may  desire.  The  venture  was  inaugu- 
rated as  a  stock  company,  in  March  1890,  with  Mr.  L.  B.  Truslow  as  manager,  but  in  a  few  months  that  able  gentleman  acquired  the  sole  pro- 
prietorship, and  has  since  built  up  a  brisk  and  profitable  local  trade  by  the  intelligent  a-ssistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  obtain  goods  of 
a  particular  shape  or  form  in  rubber.  The  premises  consist  of  a  ground  floor  20  x  30  feet  in  size,  where  steam-power  is  used  to  obtain  the 
enormous  pressure  required  to  shape  the  rubber  dough  to  the  mold,  and  a  competent  staff  assists  the  principal,  who  is  a  young  man  of  New 
York  City  birth  of  general  and  deserved  popularity. 


276  HISTORY  AND  COMMEECE  OF  NEW  YORK 

STANDARD  NOVELTY  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Fine  Notions,  Sample  Books,  Cards,  Binders,  Covers,  Sample  and  Fancy  Boxes.  Fine 
Stationery,  Needle  Cases,  Etc.,  Etc.,  No.  363  Broadway.— The  Standard  Novelty  Co.,  though  recently  established,  lias  succeeded  ia 
creating  the  nucleus  of  a  very  fine  business.  The  trade  of  the  house  concerns  the  manufacture  of  high-grade  notions  of  great  variety, 
sample  books  and  cards,  binders,  covers,  sample  and  fancy  boxes,  fine  stationery,  needle  cases,  etc.  The  aim  of  the  principals  is  to- 
cater  to  the  requirements  of  retailers  in  such  busuiesses  as  this  class  of  goods  are  handled  in  and  to  those  of  the  large  consumers;  and 
to  offer  them  such  advantages  as  can  only  be  tendered  by  firms  manufacturing  the  goods  themselves,  and  supplying  direct.  The  system  of 
business  is  one  for  which  patrons  have  shown  a  ready  appreciation,  with  the  result  that  four  hands  are  already  employed,  and  the  trade 
is  growing  at  an  encouraging  pace.  The  premises,  consist  of  a  floor.  :20  x  60  feet  in  size.  Mr.  J.  Loeschand  Mr.  C.  Luckenbacher,  the  pro- 
prietors, are  both  of  German  birth  and  popular  among  all  with  whom  they  are  brought  into  contact. 

r-y-AMES  MacNIDER,  Commission  Merchant,  No.  138  Water  Street.— Probably  in  no  branch  of  mercantile  industry  is  experience  and 
I  ability  so  essential  as  in  the  foreign  commission  trade.  The  merchant  in  this  line  must  be  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of 
©  I  his  foreign  correspondents,  in  every  respect  requiring  much  experience.  He  must  also  be  ready  to  compete  with  a  host  of  pushing 
1  I  and  capable  business  men  in  the  same  market  and  .in  short,  in  order  to  attain  success  must  possess  quick  perception,  sound  judgment 
^"^  and  the  highest  executive  ability.  One  of  the  old  established  and  representative  merchants  in  the  city  commission  trade  is  Mr. 
James  MacNider.  general  commission  merchant  at  No.  138  Water  Street.  It  is  now  twenty-one  years  since  Mr.  MacNider  first  embarked  in 
this  trade  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  to-day  no  city  merchant  stands  higher  or  is  more  widely  and  favorably  known  in  this  field.  Mr.  Mac- 
Nider occupies  commodious  and  attractive  offices  at  the  above  address  and  does  a  general  commission  business  in  all  kinds  of  merchandise 
for  export.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  electrical  matters  and  in  the  course  of  an  extensive  general  business  handles  lai'ge  quantities  of  tele- 
graph, telephone,  electric  light  equipments,  also  a  great  variety  of  staple  productions  of  American  manufacture  and  foreign  goods  on  consign- 
•ments,  in  the  interests  of  a  voluminous  trade  reaching  all  over  the  South  and  Central  America.  Mr.  MacNider  was  born  in  Canada  but 
came  to  this  city  in  1825  and  for  many  years  has  ranked  among  its  foremost,  representative  commission  merchants. 

EM.  MOERS.  Wool  Stock,  No.  227  Front  Street. — One  of  the  pioneer  houses  in  Its  line,  is  the  eminent  house  known  as  E.  M.  Moers, 
one  of  the  largest  handlers  of  wool  stock,  metals  and  old  rubber  at  wholesale  in  the  country.  This  notable  concern  was  inaugu- 
rated by  the  gentleman  whose  name  it  bears  in  1854,  and  his  sons.  Messrs.  Sali  B.,  Chas.  and  Joseph  3Ioers  were  subsequently 
•  admitted  to  partnership,  though  the  firm  title  was  never  changed.  The  house  deals  largely  in  wool  waste,  woolen  rags,  woo* 
extracts  and  wool  shoddies  which  are  cleansed  and  prepared  for  the  manufacturer  in  a  variety  of  ways,  at  the  lowest  possible  cost. 
Much  the  same  remarks  apply  to  the  metal  of  all  kinds  handled,  dross  being  washed;  all  iron  filings,  turnings,  etc.,  being  separated  by  steam 
driven  magnets,  and  the  cleaned  residue  subsequently  refined  or  sold  as  clean  scrap  as  circumstances  may  dictate.  For  these  and  its  general 
purposes  the  firm  has,  at  No.  2-27  Front  Street,  a  fine  four-story  building,  with  an  expanse  on  each  floor  of  2,500  superficial  feet,  and  tea 
trained  employees  are  regularly  engaged.  The  business  in  stock  and  scrap  represents  a  prodigious  aggregate  annual  sum.  At  Front  Street. 
Cincinnati.  O..  and  at  Washington  Street,  Worcester,  Mass.,  branches  of  the  business  have  long  been  established.  All  the  talented  partners 
were  born  in  Germany  but  came  to  this  country  about  twelve  months  before  starting  their  now  flourishing  business  in  1853. 

WM.  AV.  RICHMOND,  Teas  and  Coffees,  No.  150  Front  Street.— An  important  branch  of  metropolitan  business  is  that  so  long  and  ably 
represented  by  Mr.  Wm.  W.Richmond,  wholesale  jobber  in  teas  and  coffees.  Mr.  Richmond  has  been  established  since  187Tand  in  the 
interval  has  built  up  what  may  well  be  termed  a  representative  business  in  his  line.  The  spacious  store,  25  x  100  feet  in  size  is  most 
conveniently  arranged  and  supplied  with  all  the  modern  facilities  for  the  advantageous  prosecution  of  the  business.  Mr.  Richmond 
carries  a  full  sample  stock  of  teas  and  coffees,  and  has  unsurpassed  facilities  for  promptly  filling  all  orders  in  this  connection. 
Long  familiarity  with  the  tea  and  coffee  trade,  with  an  expert  knowledge  of  values  in  these  goods,  render  the  services  of  Mr.  Richmond  of 
more  than  ordinary  value  in  procuring  for  out-of-town  retail  merchants  their  stock  requirements  in  this  line.  It  has  ever  been  a  point  with 
him  to  make  the  most  of  his  opportunities  in  promoting  the  best  interests  of  his  patrons,  and  in  consequence  he  enjoys  to-day  the  substantial 
regard  of  a  large,  liberal  and  most  desirable  trade.  Mr.  Richmond  is  an  apt  type  of  the  wide-awake  and  progressive  New  York  merchant, 
thoroughly  conversant  with  the  business  in  hand  and  possessing  the  requisite  executive  ability  for  its  successful  conduct. 

VILLIAM  LUNHAM,  Freight  Broker,  Marine  Insurance  and  Forwarding  Agent.  Kemble  Building,  Nos.  15  to  25  Whitehall  Street.— 
A  firm  which  is  regarded  as  the  largest  freight  brokerage  house  in  this  city,  is  that  of  Mr.  William  Lunham.  This  business  was- 
founded  by  its  present  proprietor  in  1881,  and  the  almost  phenomenal  success  it  has  met  with,  is  due  to  the  energy,  enterprise 
and  able  business  direction  of  its  principal.  The  salient  lines  of  the  trade  carried  on,  are  those  of  freight  broker,  marine  insur- 
ance and  forwarding  agent;  and  under  these  heads  the  firm  charter  and  load  boats,  and  ship  to  all  points  in  Europe,  Central  and 
South  America  and  the  east;  issuing  through  bills  of  lading  to  the  ultimate  port  of  destination  in  each  instance.  They  have  correspondents 
in  every  important  town  and  city  throughout  the  world,  and  have  at  their  command  rare  facilities  for  the  shipment  of  goods  from  small  lots 
up  to  the  largest  cargoes  at  the  lowest  obtainable  rates  of  through  freights,  and  by  the  most  expeditious  means.  In  employing  this  firm, 
shippers  are  relieved  of  every  responsibility;  for  they  can  safely  depend  upon  receiving  the  full  benefit  of  cut  rates,  special  opportunities  of 
shipment,  and  prompt  discharge  and  delivery  at  destination;  in  addition  to  which  marine  insurance  is  effected  on  specially  favorable  terms 
and  at  the  lowest  premiums,  with  highly  responsible  corporations.  Mr.  Limham,  the  principal,  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  Produce  Ex- 
change, and  is  looked  up  to  in  business  circles  for  his  shrewdness  and  consummate  skill  in  handling  so  large  an  undertaking  with  such  un- 
qualified success.  He  is  of  English  birth;  his  residence  in  this  country  at  Brooklyn  extending  over  twenty  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Maritime  Exchange,  and  is  a  prominent  figure  in  most  commercial  circles  in  our  city. 

BERTHOLD  NATHAN.  Importer  of  all  Kinds  of  European  Hides,  Skins  and  Xeather,  Etc.,  No.  71  Gold  Street.— That  the  firm  of  Mr. 
Berthold  Nathan,  established  in  1887,  at  No.  71  Gold  Street,  has  attained  to  distinct  prominence,  and  achieved  a  large  measure  of 
success,  as  one  importing  all  kinds  of  European  skins,  hides,  leather,  etc.,  is  a  fact  well  known  in  the  trade,  and  the  explanation  is 
that  it  possesses  exceptional  facilities  for  the  importation  of  these  under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  through  its  branch  estab- 
lishments at  No.  27  Rue  Beaurepaire,  Paris,  and  at  No.  63  Allerheiligen  Str.,  Frankfort  on  Main.  Two  upper  floors,  each  25  x  75  feet 
In  expanse,  are  occupied  for  the  business  here,  and  the  heavy  stock  carried  embraces  a  very  great  variety  of  hides,  skins  and  leather,  the  quan- 
ities  of  raw  skins  constantly  kept  on  hand  being  particularly  large,  this  variety  of  merchandise  being  handled  on  a  most  extensive  scale. 
The  advantages  accruing  to  the  house  through  its  special  resources  are  liberally  shared  with  customers,  and  create  an  inducement  to  trade 
which  has  proved  potent  in  the  building  up  of  a  large  and  influential  connection,  that  has  grown  rapidly,  and  is  still  extending.  Born  in  Ger- 
any,  Mr.  Berthold  Nathan  came  to  this  country  immediately  prior  to  the  initiation  of  his  present  venture,  and  its  pronounced  success  is 
directly  attributable  to  his  well-directed  energy  and  sound  judgment. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  277 

~W-^OBERT  SLIMMON  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Earthenware,  No.  12  College  Place.— One  of  the  most  reliable  houses  engaged  in  the  importa- 

1-^     tion  of  earthenware  is  that  of  Messrs.  Robert  Slimmon  &  Co.    This  business  was  established  in  1886  by  Mr.  Robert  Slimmou,  and 

I  \      he  associated  with  him  in  1888,  5Ir.  A  J.  Wilkinson.    The  trade  consists  wholly  of  the  importation  of  the  best  English  earthenware, 

\    and  selling  at  wholesale  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.    The  firm  have  agents  at  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Baltimore,  Md., 

and  two  traveling  salesmen  are  constantly  about  the  country,  exhibiting  the  latest  imported  novelties  in  earthen  goods  to  their 

patrons,  and  swelling  the  already  large  trade  by  remitting  orders  to  the  New  York  ofBce,  tor  large  consignments     Mr.  Slimmon  has  charge 

of  affairs  here,  and  5Ir    Wilkinson  has  his  headquarters  at  Burslem,  England,  whicli  with  a  few  other  towns  in  the  immediate  vicinity 

goes  to  form  the  center  of  the  highest  class  of  pottery  work  in  the  world.    There,  Mr.  Wilkinson  is  enabled  to  choose  his  goods  from  the  best 

manufacturers,  and  on  the  best  terms,  shipping  direct  to  the  New  York  house  by  the  most  advantageous  opportunities  offering  from  time  to 

time     The  firm  immediately  represent  Messrs  C.  Challinor  &  Co.,  a  well-known  pottery  house,  of  Fenton,  England,  and  have  succeeded  in 

securing  up  tor  them  a  highly  satisfactory  connection.    The  sample  room  at  the  address  named,  is  30  x  So  feet  in  dimensions,  and  is  finely 

fitted  so  as  to  display  to  due  advantage  the  elegant  stock  of  earthenware  goods  of  every  description,  that  is  always  carried.    Mr.  Slimmon 

is  a  native  of  Scotland,  having  resided  in  this  city  for  the  past  ten  years. 

S.AUL  DOMROE,  JIanufacturers  of  Mens',  Youths'  and  Boys'  Clothing,  No.  556  Broadway.— Excellence  has  been  the  specialty  of  Mr.  Saul 
Domi'oe  ever  since  the  hour  of  his  embarkation  in  the  walks  of  manufacture,  so  that,  to-day,  we  find  him  reaping  the  reward  of  his 
constancy  to  his  original  principle  in  that  he  enjoys  unquestioned  prosperity.  The  original  title  of  the  business  was  Szerlip  and 
Domroe.  the  date  of  the  foundation  of  the  house  being  in  the  year  181)0.  Thus  it  continued  until  the  January  of  the  current  year,  when 
Mr,  Domroe  assumed  sole  control  of  the  business,  adopting  his  own  name  as  the  title  of  the  concern.  The  business  consists  of  the 
-manufacture,  in  heavy  volume,  of  mens',  youths'  and  boys  clothing;  the  connection  of  the  house  extending  throughout  the  entire  country. 
Mr.  Domroe  carries  constantly  a  fine  stock  of  cheap  and  medium  class  goods  of  prevailing  fashion.  His  excellently  located  business  prem- 
ises cover  an  area  of  1875  superficial  square  feet  and  he  gives  constant  employment  to  an  efficient  corps  of  assistants.  Mr.  Domroe  is  a  native 
of  New  York  and  IS  a  young  man  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  an  extensive  range  of  commercial  and  social  accomplishments  of  an  admirable 
order.  He  is  well  and  favorably  known  to  a  vast  proportion  of  the  community  and  lie  is  a  prominent  member  of  that  august  and  influential 
'body  the  Independent  Free  Sons  of  Israel. 

"W  jr  URR.\Y"S  LINE.  Murray  &  Birge,  Proprietors,  Pier  No.  6  East  River.— The  leaders  in  this  business  are  Messrs.  Murray  &  Birge,  pro- 

\\      prietors  of  Murray's  Line,  formerly  the  old  line  of  Troy  Barges,  whose  office  is  located  at  No.  19  Coenties  Slip.    This  is  the  only 

/        1      line  handling  freight  exclusively  between  Troy,  Albany  and  New  Y'ork,  and  is  the  oldest  in  the  transportation  line  in  the  United 

States,  having  been  in   operation  over  one  hundred  years.    Its  former  proprietors  included  Col.  J.  H.  Hooker,  G.  P.  Griffith, 

Thomas  A.  Tillinghast,  E.  C.  Pattison,  Thomas  McJIanus,  Lloyd  &  Murray  until  1883,  when  the  present  firm  was  organized. 

Messrs.  Murray  &  Birge  own  and  run  a  fleet  of  barges,  and  ship  freight  at  low  rates  by  first-class  boats  between  Pier  No.  6  East  River  and 

itoot  of  Hudson  .\ venue,  Albany,  and  foot  of  State  Street,  Troy,  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  during  the  season.    All  property  shipped  by 

'this  line  is  fully  insured.    The  firm  enjoys  the  best  facilities  for  shipping  bulky  and  heavy  freight  speedily  and  at  the  lowest  rates,  and  much 

'of  the  valuable  commerce  of  the  harbor  of  New  Y'ork  passes  through  their  experienced  and  responsible  hands.    They  rank  among  the  very 

■first  carriers  and  lighterers  in  the  metropolis.    The  members  of  this  firm  are  Me.ssrs.  Edward  F.  Murray  and  John  T.  Birge.    Mr.  5Iurray  was 

born  in  Troy,  where  he  now  resides     He  came  into  this  house  when  a  boy,  and  became  a  partner  in  1873.    He  is  a  prominent  capitalist  of 

Troy,  a  director  in  several  large  enterprises,  and  the  president  of  the  National  Electric  Light  Company,  of  New  York  City.    His  office  in  Troy 

is  at  No.  191  River  Street.    Mr  Birge  was  born  in  Connecticut,  but  received  his  early  training  in  Troy,  and  was  previous  to  1883,  a  member  of 

"the  flour  firm  of  Thayer  »S:  Birge  in  that  city,  retiring  therefrom  to  become  a  member  of  this  firm. 

SCHOTT  &  FR.\NKE,  Jobbers  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruits,  No.  262  Washington  Street.— The  prominent  fruit  jobbing  firm  of  Schott  & 
Franke.  so  well  known  as  heavy  shippers  to  all  states  in  the  Union,  has  been  known  under  its  present  trading  style  and  title  only  since  the 
year  1885.  but  the  two  prominent  business  men  who  are  the  proprietors  have  been  widely  and  favorably  known  among  buj'ers  for  a  con- 
siderable number  of  years  For  one  decade  prior  to  1885,  Mr.  Schott  had  been  the  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  Underbill,  Stewart  & 
Schott,  and  his  now  partner  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Franke  &  Andrews  Upon  the  retirement  of  the  latter  gentleman,  Mr.  Franke 
ran  the  business  alone  for  one  year,  at  the  expiration  of  which  the  present  partnership  was  formed.  The  coalescing  of  these  two  extensive 
businesses  with  their  wide-reaching  connections,  has  formed  a  most  sound  and  substantial  concern,  their  principals  having  together  a 
thoroughly  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  markets,  both  buying  and  selling  They  have  also  at  their  premises  at  No  262  W^ashington  Street, 
very  spacious  accommodation  for  the  purposes  of  their  business,  four  fioors  and  basement,  each  25  x  80  feet  in  measurement  being  occupied. 
The  house  handles  mostly  foreign  fruits,  of  which  oranges,  lemons  and  grapes  are  its  specialty,  and  as  the  principals  are  both  members  of 
the  Fruit  Exchange,  and  Mr  Franke  is  the  treasurer  of  the  Fruit  Buyers'  Union,  it  will  readily  be  conceived  that  thej-  are  able  to  purchase 
on  the  Green  Fruit  Exchange  to  the  best  advantage,  and  at  the  lowest  market  prices.  As  commission  merchants  and  auction  brokers  the 
firm  enjoys  the  most  implicit  confidence  of  its  correspondents  as  well  as  for  the  excellence  of  judgment  it  may  be  relied  upon  to  exercise,  as 
for  its  known  integrity.  The  house,  too,  is  famed  for  the  pains  taken  in  filling  customer's  requirements  fully,  correctly  and  promptly,  to  ac- 
complish which  it  has  the  assistance  of  from  six  to  eight  trained  employees  in  the  winter,  and  from  fifteen  to  twenty  in  the  busy  seasons.  In 
the  matter  of  shipping,  too,  it  is  always  well  to  the  front,  from  four  to  eight  trucks  being  at  its  service.  Mr.  Charles  A.  Schott.  who  is  a  native 
of  New  Y'ork,  is  forty-four  years  of  age.  and  is  a  member  of  the  Commercial  Traveler's  Union,  having  passed  sixteen  years  as  a  commercial 
traveler,  and  is  favorably  known  throughout  the  country.  Mr.  F.  R.  Franke  is  of  European  birth,  but  the  thirty-three  years  which  make  up 
his  age  have  almost  all  been  spent  in  this  city,  he  having  reached  it  when  quite  an  infant. 

"W  ir        -A.  NEBEL,  Milh\  right  and  Machinist,  and  Manufacturer  of  .\11  Kinds  of  Burr  Stone  Mills  for  Grinding.  No.  90  Crosby  Street.- 
/»/l         For  thoroughly  excellent  all  around  work  as  a  millwright  and  machinist,  or  for  promptness  and  reliability  in  executing  orders 
/       1        not  one  in  his  line  in  New  Y''ork  has  a  better  reputation  than  the  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sketch.    He  succeeded  his 
-*■      ■*"  •   uncle  Charles  Ebel  (who  established  the  business  about  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago)  in  1889,  and  has  since  conducted  the  shop  as 
proprietor.    Mr.  M.  A.  Nebel,  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  resided  in  this  city  since  1865.    He  is  a  practical  and  expert  work- 
man of  long  and  thorough  experience  and  prior  to  assuming  control  here  had  worked  in  the  shop  ever  since  it  was  started.    The  quarters 
occupied  are  ample  and  well  equipped,  and  eight  skilled  hands  are  employed,  IMr.  Nebel  himself  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every 
detail,  and  satisfaction  is  guaranteed  in  every  instance,  particular  attention  being  given  to  the  building  of  bucket  elevators,  conveyers,  bolt- 
ing reels  and  all  kinds  of  crushing,  pulverizing  and  other  machinery.    Mr.  Nebel   manufactures  every  description  of  burr  stone  mills  for 
grinding  wheat,  corn,  feed,  spice,  drugs,  cement,  plaster,  pumice  stone,  coals,  clay,  dry  paint,  chocolate,  printing  ink,  white  lead,  etc.,  also  all 
kinds  of  paint  and  color  mills  and  mixers,  while  he  is  manufacturer  likewise  of  eccentric  mills  for  ultramarine  and  other  fine  water  colors. 
Mills  are  cooled  by  water  for  coloring  Japan  and  varnishing,  also  chasers  for  Paris  white,  whiting,  putty  feldspar,  flint,  snuff,  etc.;  and 
repairing  in  all  its  branches  receives  prompt  attention. 


278  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

TT  TT        J.  HANNA,  Steam  and  Water  Heating  Apparatus,  Pipe,  Fittings  and  Valves,  Engineers'  supplies,  Office,  No.  192  Water  Street. — 
/%/■         III  tlie  inanufauture  of  steam  and  water  heating  apparatus  and  kindred  goods  this  house  holds  a  prominent  position.     The  business 
/        1         was  founded  in  1887,  and  the  thoroughly  all-round  utility  wliiuh  has  characterized  it  in  its  mterpretation  of  the  requirements  of 
-*-      -*•  •  patrons  in  the  matter  of  ventilation,  the  scrupulous  care  and  tectinical  knowledge  displayed  in  the  making  of  pipes,  fittings  and 
valves,  and  engineers' supplies  generally  has  been  potent  iubuikling  up  a  connection,  not  alone  in  this  city  or  state,  but  throughout 
the  Union,  which  gives  steady  employment  to  twenty  skilled  operatives,  whose  labors  both  in  the  manufacture  and  fitting  up  of  heating  appa- 
ratus are  carefully  superintended  by  the  principal.    The  offices  are  25  x  100  feet  in  size,  which  are  provided  with  the  best  and  most  modern 
appliances  for  the  manufacture  of  the  goods  of  the  house,  which  are  supplied  chiefly  to  order,  though  a  stock  is  carried  of  the  kinds  of 
apparatus  in  leading  request.     For  the  heating  of  residential  and  business  premises  and  public  buildings  the  firm  is  at  all  times  prepared 
to  cheerfully  submit  plans,  specifications,  and  estimates  on  application.    Mr.  Hanna  is  a  young  man  of  New  York  birth,  and  is  promiiM:'nt  in 
connection  with  the  Masonic  Fraiei-nity,  he  being  a  thirty-two  degree  Mason. 

WW  I  &  W.  S.  CARR  COMPANY,  Steel  and  Iron  Pipe,  Valves,  Gates,  Fittings  and  Radiators,  Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Nos.  138  and  140  Cen- 
LM        tre  Street.— This  corporation  manufactures  extensively  steel  and  iron  pipe,  valves,  gates,  fittings  and  radiators,  as  also  iron  and  brass- 

fU  castings  of  all  kinds;  and  for  tliese  various  purposes  an  extensive  factory  is  maintained  at  Paterson,  N.  J.  fitted  with  a  complete 
J  equipment  of  tools,  machinery  and  appliances  incidental  to  the  trade,  and  a  force  of  sixty  competent  workers  is  regularly  engaged. 

The  business  was  founded  in  1854,  by  Mr.  A.  Carr,  who  was  subsequently  joined  in  partnership  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Carr;  and  in  1883,  it 
was  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York;  the  offlcei-s  who  have  largely  contributed  to  its  success  and  essentially 
satisfactory  direction  being  Mr.  A.  Carr,  president;  and  Mr.  S.  S.  Sherwood,  secretary.  The  general  office  and  salesroom  are  located  in  this 
city,  at  Nos.  138  and  140  Centre  Street,  and  comprise  one  floor  and  basement,  each  25  x  125  feet  in  amplitude,  being  well  appointed,  and  fitted 
up  witli  every  facility  for  the  most  expeditious  transaction  of  the  important  business  carried  on.  Consumers  of  all  kinds  in  various  sections 
of  the  United  States  have  resort  to  the  establishment  for  the  pipes,  valves,  gates,  fittings,  radiators  and  iron  and  brass  castings  for  wliich 
the  company  is  so  justly  noted. 

VILLIAJI  BOYLAN,  Dealer  in  Bags,  Burlap,  Barrel  Covers,  Paper  Makers'  Stock,  Tea-Lead.  Metals,  Etc.,  No.  377  Greenwich  Street 
and  194  Franklin  Street.— A  time  honored,  pioneer  house  is  that  of  Mr.  William  Boylan  and  it  is  one  which  has  by  the  uniformly 
honorable  and  useful  methods  in  which  its  business  has  been  pursued,  won  a  distinct  pre-eminence  as  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the 
city.  Its  functions  embracing  the  dealing  in  bags,  burlap,  barrel  covere,  paper  makers'  stock,  tea-lead,  metals  and  general  mer- 
chandise more  or  less  akin  to  those  mentioned.  In  each  kind  an  immense  trade  is  done  and  especially  so  in  the  handling  of  bags- 
and  burlaps,  its  record  in  these  alone  being  represented  by  some  half  million  a  year.  This  flourishing  concern  was  founded  by  its  present 
proprietor  twenty  years  ago  on  Franklin  Street  at  No.  194  of  which  thoroughfare  it  now  has  a  stock  room  and  basement,  the  headquarters 
of  the  concern  being  at  No.  377  Greenwich  Street  which  opened  one  year  ago  in  consequence  of  increasing  business,  and  the  need  for  greater- 
accommodation  and  where  they  now  enjoy  every  facility  required.  The  transactions  of  the  firm  are  ever  based  on  the  soundest  and  fairest 
commercial  principles,  whether  in  the  buying  or  selling  and  in  appreciation  of  this  a  trade  has  grown  up  in  all  parts  of  the  city  in  the  hand- 
ling of  which  a  staff  of  five  helpers  is  employed.  The  deservedly  successful  and  popular  proprietor  is  a  gentlemen  of  middle  age,  of  Irish' 
birth,  who  has  resided  in  this  city  for  thirty  years. 

r|-|-MERICAN  LITHOGRAPH  COMPANY,  Fine  Color  Work.  Nos.  23,  25  and  27  Hubert  Street,  and  No.  406  Greenwich  Street.— This  busi- 
£J  ness  though  recently  established  has  already  gained  a  wide-spread  and  influential  trade.  The  work  of  this  company  inyludes  a 
/  I  general  line  of  stone  work,  posters,  business  cards,  show  cards  and  labels.  The  concern  is  equipped  with  all  the  latest  improved 
/  presses  and  machinery,  and  all  work  is  done  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art  at  most  reasonable  prices.    A  large  force  of  help  is  em- 

ployed and  all  orders  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention.  The  trade  of  the  company  extends  over  a  wide  area  and  is  rapidly 
increasing  as  the  excellence  of  their  work  becomes  better  known.  The  business  is  under  the  efficient  management  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Herzog,  who 
is  a  native  of  New  Jersey  and  a  resident  of  Jersey  City.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  middle  age  and  of  great  experience  in  the  business  and  is- 
emphatically  the  right  man  in  the  right  place.  We  would  cheerfully  recommend  this  company  to  those  desiring  work  in  this  line  as  being 
thoroughly  reliable  and  responsible  and  a  most  desirable  one  with  which  to  establish  business  relations. 

-|-l    GUIS  R.  SEARLES,  Commission  Dealer  in  Hops,  Nos.  15  to  25  Whitehall  Street,  Rooms  Nos.  129  and  130  Kemble  Building.— The  deveL 
I   ^    opment  of  the  hop  industry  has  called  to  the  front  a  class  of  commission  merchants  who  are  among  our  most  enterprising  and'. 
I    \     reputable  citizens.    A  well-known,  prosperous  and  representative  house  devoted  to  this  trade  is  that  of  Mr.  Louis  R.  Searles,  com- 
—      mission  dealer  in  hops.    This  business  was  established  in  1888  by  the  present  proprietor,  who  has  had  a  wide  range  of  experience  in- 
this  special  branch  of  the  commission  trade,  his  trade  extending  throughout  the  entire  United  States  and  portions  of  Europe.    Thor- 
oughly famihar  with  the  wants  of  the  brewing  interests,  and,  having  unsurpassed  connections  with  producers  and  shippers  in  this  state,  and 
on  the  Pacific  coast  as  well  as  other  hop  growing  regions  in  this  country  and  the  old  country,  he  is  constantly  receiving  large  consignments 
particularly  of  Washington  hops,  which  he  handles  with  care  and  promptitude,  obtaining  for  them  the  highest  market  prices,  for  which 
returns  are  carefully  and  promptly  made,  and  when  desired,  liberal  advances  are  made  on  consignments.    He  enjoys  superior  advantages 
for  reliable  storage  at  most  reasonable  rates,  where  he  has  at  all  times  a  fine  stock  of  the  best  foreign  and  domestic  hops,  and  brewers  are 
sure  to  find  here  every  faclUty  for  meeting  their  wants  in  this  line.    Mr.  Searles  was  born  in  this  city  and  is  a  popular  member  of  the  Hop 
Exchange. 

OTTO  FABER,  Sole  Agent  for  the  U.  S.  A.  for  Johann  Faber,  Manufacturer  of  Black  Lead  and  Colored  Pencils,  Nuremberg  (Bavaria), 
Nos.  61-i>i  Duane  Street.— The  name  of  "  Faber  "  impressed  upon  the  drawing  i>encil  from  times  beyond  the  recollection  of  the  oldest 
inhabitant  has  been  considered  an  absolute  guarantee  of  intrinsic  worth,  if  not  of  literal  perfection.  It  is  the  establishment  of  an 
agency  for  Mr.  Johann  Faber,  of  Nuremberg,  at  Nos.  61-63  Duane  Street,  by  Mr.  Otto  Faber,  in  September.  1890.  as  sole  agent  for  the 
United  States,  which  calls  forth  these  remarks.  This  noted  manufacturing  house,  established  ten  years  ago,  is  in  reality  the  offshoot 
of  the  pioneer  firm  of  A.  W.  Faber.  Mr.  Johann  having  been  long  associated  with  his  father,  the  founder  of  the  original  enterprise,  whose 
inception  dates  back  to  1761.  Since  the  withdrawal  of  Mr.  Johann  Faber  from  the  original  firm,  and  the  foundation  of  his  present  factory  and 
business  on  an  independent  basis,  the  value  of  his  thirty-seven  years  of  experience  as  a  manufacturer  has  been  separately  tested,  and  has 
received  the  highest  endorsement  from  exhibitions  at  London,  Brussels,  Amsterdam,  Antwerp,  Calcutta,  Adelaide  and  Melbourne,  as  well  as 
from  the  most  eminent  artists,  and  others  all  over  the  world.  Mr,  Otto  Faber  has  thus  goods  of  unquestioned  and  unquestionable  merit  to 
handle,  and  finds  no  difficulty  in  commanding  an  enormous  sale  in  all  tlie  leading  centers  of  the  Union.  To  meet  the  requirements  of  patrons 
promptly,  a  floor,  30  x  60  feet  in  size,  is  occupied  on  Duane  Street,  which  is  stocked  with  very  heavy  lines  of  both  black  and  colored  pencils  of 
the  firm's  manufacture. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  279 

THE  AMERICAN  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Limited,  Manufacturers  ot  Patent  Compositon  Billiard  and  Pool  Balls,  No.  G  Elm  Street. 
—The  American  Manufacturing  Co.  has  offered  a  composition  in  substitution  for  ivory  tor  a  purpose  where  the  best  of  the  gen- 
uine article  is  subjected  to  the  severest  test.  It  had  to  contend  with  natural  and  very  obstinate  prejudices  in  its  early  days, 
and  it  not  only  succeeeded  in  living  down  these  prejudices,  but  in  proving  the  intrinsic  value  of  its  goods,  which,  since 
the  organization  of  the  company,  in  1883,  have  been  shipped  to  all  parts  ot  the  United  States,  and  to  Mexico.  The  officers  of  the 
company  are  Jlr.  Jno.  L.  Wheeler,  president;  Mr.  H.  W.  Mortord,  secretary  and  treasurer;  a  pair  of  keen,  energetic  business  gentlemen. 
They  are  fully  alive  to  the  fact  that  a  trade  worth  having  is  well  worth  looking  after,  and  their  traveling  staff  comprises  nine  efficient 
commercial  gentlemen,  while  the  office  corps  consists  of  five  clerks,  the  sphere  of  whose  labors  is  No.  0  Elm  Street.  The  firm's  goods  are 
manufactured  at  its  factory  at  Red  Bank,  N.  J.  Here  the  number  of  men  regularly  employed  rarely  exceeds  seven,  but  the  equip- 
ment of  the  works  in  the  direction  of  machinery  and  labor-saving  appliances  is  such  that  the  daily  turnout  is  exceedingly  voluminous,  and 
quite  in  keeping  with  the  strength  of  the  executive  staff.  Mr.  Wheeler  is  a  native  of  New  York,  while  Mr.  Mortord  was  born  in  New 
Jersey. 

THE  FOLMER  &  SCHWING  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  Patent  Gas  Burners,  Etc.,  No.  391  Broadway.- 
Y'ankee  genius  is  proverbial,  the  products  of  American  brain  and  hand  conmiandiug  unequivocal  recognition  the  world  over.  And 
in  this  connection  special  complimentary  notice  is  due  the  Folmer  &  Schwing  Mauufacturiug  Company,  patentees  and  manufacturers 
ot  the  "Crown"  self-lighting  gas  burner,  "Crown"  combination  cocks,  "Magazine"  gas  torches,  "Champion"  self-lighting 
burners,  "  Crown  "  pendant  lamps,  self-lighting  watch  pocket  lamps  for  lighting  cigars,  dispensing  with  matches,  and  a  number 
of  kindred  devices  of  exceptional  merit,  who  turn  out  a  class  of  patented  appliances  of  a  distinctly  superior  character.  The  unprecedented 
sale  of  the  Crown  self-lighting  gas  burner  is  due  to  its  simplicity  and  durability.  The  watch  pocket  self-lighting  lamp  is  a  marvel  of  ingenuity. 
By  simply  pressing  the  button  the  lid  flies  open  and  you  have  a  complete  lamp  which  will  burn  tor  an  hour,  affording  as  much  light  as  an 
ordinary  candle.  The  lamp  contains  eighty-tour  lights.  Hunting  and  Ashing  parties  will  find  it  indispensable,  as  then  umber  of  lights  com- 
pressed into  so  small  a  space  will  be  found  to  be  very  convenient.  In  shape  and  appearance  it  is  exactly  like  a  silver  watch  and  is  made  to 
fit  easily  into  the  vest  pocket.  We  predict  an  almost  universal  adopting  of  it  in  all  countries.  Their  productions  are  in  growing  demand  in 
Canada  and  Mexico,  and  are  exported,  likewise,  to  South  America,  Europe  and  Australia.  The  "  Crown  "  self-lighting  gas  burner  and 
pressure  regulator  is  an  invention  worthy  of  more  than  passing  mention.  It  is  a  simple  automatic  device  tor  instant  illumination  in  bed- 
rooms, nurseries,  bath-rooms,  closets,  basements,  factories,  warehouses,  packing-rooms,  stables,  etc.,  etc.  For  convenience,  durability  and 
economy,  the  "Crown  "  is  unequaled.  Besides  the  articles  above  indicated  the  concei'n  also  manufacture  gas  portables  (plain  and  figures), 
bronze  figure  cigar  lighter,  opal  and  fancy  etched  globes,  staple  and  fanc.y  brackets,  finished  brass  fittings,  chandeliers  in  plain  and  artistic 
designs,  brass  and  steel  pillars,  oil  and  gas  stable  lanterns,  gas  stoves  tor  cooking  and  heating  purposes  and  "  Duplex  "  lava  and  metal  gas 
tips;  while  special  fixtures  and  also  special  globes  and  shades  are  made  to  order  at  short  notice.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  in 
1887  by  the  firm  ot  Folmer  &  Schwing,  and  as  such  was  conducted  up  to  1890,  when  it  was  duly  incorporated  under  the  laws  ot  the  state  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  present  style  adopted,  the  capital  stock  of  the  company  being  $50,fX)0.  The  factory,  which  is  in  Brooklyn,  is  a  well 
equipped  establishment,  and  when  in  full  operation  from  sixty  to  seventy  hands  are  there  employed.  A  large  and  complete  assortment  of 
the  productions  of  the  company  is  constantly  kept  in  stock,  and  all  orders  receive  immediate  attention.  Messrs.  W.  F.  Folmer  and  W.  E. 
Schwing,  the  president  and  secretary  and  treasurer  respectively  are  Kentuckians  by  birth,  and  are  very  liberally  endowed  with  the  qualities 
that  bespeak  success  in  the  commercial  world. 

HICIIARD  KIRBY,  Dealer,  Breeder  and  Exporter  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  poultry,  No.  63  Cortlandt  Street.— An  old  established  and 
leading  house  engaged  in  breeding  and  dealing  in  foreign  and  domestic  poultry  is  that  of  Mr.  Richard  Kirby.     The  business  was  es- 
tablished in  1875,  and  the  house  permanently  enjoys  the  reputation  of  keeping  the  finest  stock  of  foreign  and  domestic  poultry,  and 
poultry  fixtures  ot  any  in  the  trade.    A  specialty  is  made  of  fancy  pigeons,  ot  which  he  has  a  great  variety.    His  prices  range  from 
$1.50  for  pairs  to  $150.    He  keeps  nothing  but  fancy  stock,  and  his  trade  extends  to  all  parts  ot  the  United  States,  and  he  also  ex- 
ports to  South  America.    The  premises  occupied  are  commodious  and  admirably  fitted  up  tor  the  accommodation  and  display  ot  the  fine 
stock  constantly  carried.    Mr.  Kirby  is  a  native  ot  this  city  and  has  had  years  ot  experience,  and  possesses  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
business  in  every  detail. 

WT.  REJIMEY',  Turner  in  Ivory,  Woods  and  Metal,  Etc.,  No.  93  Fulton  Street  (Rear).— A  veritable  and  notewoithy  old  New  Y'ork 
business  landmark  is  the  veteran  establishment  ot  W.  T.  Renimey  (successor  to  J.  F.  Eemmey),  turner  in  ivory,  wood  and 
metal,  and  wax  seal  manufacturer,  which  is  located  in  the  rear  of  No.  93  Fulton  Street,  and  which  dates  its  inception  back  to  the 
•  administration  of  George  Washington,  and  for  a  period  extending  over  one  hundred  and  eight  years  has  been  conducted  with 
uninterrupted  prosperity.  This  thriving  and  prosperous  business  was  established  way  back  in  the  year  1783  by  James  Rutha- 
ran,  who  was  succeeded  by  Van  Derbergs,  and  in  1863  came  into  control  of  J.  F.  Remmey,  who  carried  on  the  same  up  to  1889,  when  it  passed 
into  the  hands  of  his  son  and  successor,  the  present  proprietor.  The  premises  occupied  are  commodious  and  ample,  with  complete  and  first- 
class  facilities,  and  ten  or  more  expert  hands  are  employed,  Turning  of  every  variety  in  ivory,  wood  and  metal  is  done  to  order  in  the 
highest  style  ot  the  art  at  short  notice,  and  satisfaction  is  guaranteed  in  every  instance,  small  oval  work  being  a  specialty ;  and  turned  pat- 
terns and  models  are  made  from  drawings  in  the  most  expeditious  and  excellent  manner.  Brass  castings  are  furnished  and  also  finished, 
while  inking  rollers  tor  steel  and  copper  plate  printing  are  manufactured,  and  fancy  note  and  initial  seals  made  to  order  with  skill  and  de- 
spatch. Wax  seals  are  turned  out  in  a  great  variety  ot  designs,  sizes  and  shapes,  all  having  beaded  borders,  and  a  large  assortment  of  check- 
ered and  other  seals  with  cocoa  handles  is  constantly  kept  in  stock;  and  all  orders  are  promptly  and  reliably  attended  to. .  Mr.  Remmey,  the 
proprietor,  is  a  New  Yorker  by  birth,  is  a  strongly  practical  and  skillful  workman  ot  many  years'  experience. 


H 


p.  BINSWANGER,  Quarry  Sales-Agent  and  Importer,  No.  140  Nassau  Street.— Mr.  H.  P.  Binswanger  is  a  quarry  agent  and  im- 
porter, who,  since  the  establishment  of  his  business  five  years  ago,  has  rendered  signal  service  to  architects,  builders  and  con- 
tractors.   The  varieties  of  stone  handled  by  the  house  including  Scotch  and  English  Red  Freestones  from  the  "  Shawk  Westnewton 


City  Quarries  "  and  Columbia  Ohio  Sandstone  as  also  the  Longmeadow  Brownstone  and  Kibbe  Red  Sandstone,  the  prices  for  these 
in  promiscuous  blocks  being  regularly  listed  by  the  firm,  together  with  the  additional  cost  tor  sawed  blocks.  These  include  delivery  by  cars 
or  lighter  at  New  York,  Brooklyn,  Jersey  City,  Hoboken  or  Newark,  the  lighterage  being  tree  within  lighterage  limits,  and  the  house  taking  a 
pride  in  making  shipments  with  the  utmost  punctuality  possible  in  such  a  trade.  Consequently  Mr.  Binswanger,  who  is  a  prominent  and 
respected  member  of  the  Builders'  and  Traders'  Exchange,  commands  a  trade  of  corresponding  magnitude  in  the  city  and  its  environs.  Mr. 
Binswanger,  whose  office  is  at  No.  140  Nassau  Street,  is  a  gentleman  ot  middle  age.  Though  bom  in  Philadelphia,  he  has  been  engaged  in 
business  in  this  city  since  1876.  He  is  also  president  ot  the  Richmond  Granite  Company,  whose  extensive  quarries  are  located  in  Richmond, 
Virginia. 


280  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

HUGH  J.  McMAHON,  Practical  Japanner,  Nos.  22  and  24  Frankfort  Street.— This  beautiful  art  known  as  "japanning,"  has,  within 
recent  years,  been  brought  to  a  great  pitch  of  perfection  in  this  country.  Mr.  Hugh  J.  McJIahou  is  one  of  the  most  talented  repre 
sentatives  of  this  difficult  art.  In  1886  that  gentleman  initiated  business  in  this  line  at  Nos.  22  and  24  Frankfort  Street,  and  the 
upper  floor,  25  x  30  feet  in  size,  there  occupied  is  fitted  up  and  equipped  with  every  requisite  for  the  pursuit  of  the  industry  under  the 
best  conditions,  inclusive  of  a  well  designed  and  constructed  kiln  for  giving  to  the  work  that  exceedingly  hard,  brilliant,  and  glossy 
surface  which  is  distinctive  of  the  best  productions  in  this  line.  Decorating,  bronzing  and  lettering  in  the  most  artistic  style  is  the  specialty 
of  the  house,  and  it  scarcely  needs  to  be  added  that  a  very  brisk  local  business  has  been  built  up,  in  which  the  proprietor  and  his  staff  of 
from  three  to  five  expert  artisans  find  brisk  employment.  Mr.  Hugh  J.  BIcMahon  was  born  in  tliis  city,  and  has  well  earned  the  pro- 
nounced success  accorded  him. 

WM  J.  POWELL,  United  States  Flag  Depot,  No.  167  Maiden  Lane.— Like  the  making  of  fire-works,  that  industry  known  as  flag 
makiTig  is  accredited  from  the  beginning  as  belonging  to  the  Chinese.  The  oldest  and  largest'flag  manufactory  in  this  country 
is  under  the  proprietorship  of  Wm.  J.  Powell,  whose  United  States  flag  depot  is  located  at  No.  107  JIaiden  Lane.  He  established 
his  business  in  1857  and  does  a  business  which  extends  throughout  the  United  States,  his  work  requiring  the  constant  employment 
of  ten  to  fifteen  skilled  hands.  He  has  a  finely  appointed  loft,  25  x  50  feet,  where  he  makes  every  variety  of  ensigns,  jacks,  burgees, 
signals  and  flags,  his  specialty  lying  in  yacht  work.  Mr.  Powell,  who  is  now  a  gentleman  of  advanced  age,  was  born  in  New  York  and  has 
grown  up  with  the  progress  of  the  city,  being  regarded  as  one  of  her  most  enterprising  and  worthy  citizens.  His  business,  the  success  of 
■which  is  due  to  his  integrity  and  honorable  transactions,  remains  not  alone  the  largest  in  the  country,  but  is  constantly  increasing  in  the 
face  of  all  competition,  and  the  work  emanating  from  this  depot  is  without  exception  superior  to  any  product  in  its  line,  either  imported  or 
domestic,  now  offered  to  the  public. 

GEORGE  H.  BECK,  House  Furnishing  Goods,  Etc.,  No.  1515  First  Avenue  and  Seventy-ninth  Street.— Among  the  most  responsible 
houses  of  business  in  this  section  of  the  metropolis  engaged  in  the  business  of  plumbing  and  sanitary  engineering,  mention  may  be 
made  of  Mr.  George  H.  Beck,  whose  premises  are  located  at  No.  1515  First  Avenue  and  Seventj'-ninth  Street.  Mr.  Beck  first  com- 
menced business  at  No.  1286  Broadway;  after  one  year's  successful  operation  he  removed  to  No.  290  Third  Avenue,  where  he  remained 
for  five  years  and  then  finally  selected  the  commodious  quarters  where  the  business  is  at  present  comlucted.  Mr.  Beck  makes  a 
specialty  of  all  work  connected  with  sanitary  plumbing  and  engineering,  and  has  acquired  a  high  reputation  for  tlie  thoroughness  and  relia- 
bility of  his  work.  He  is  a  licensed  plumber,  and  the  city  affords  numerous  instances  of  his  clever  and  enduring  handicraft.  The  premises 
devoted  by  3Ir.  Beck  to  business  purposes  have  a  capacity  of  about  15  x  50  feet,  and  are  well  equipped,  conveniently  arranged,  and  amply 
provided  with  facilities  of  the  best  kind.  An  excellent  and  comprehensive  stock  of  plumbers'  supplies  and  necessities,  house  furnishing 
goods,  etc.,  is  carried,  and  a  competent  staff  of  skilled  workmen  are  furnished  with  continual  employment.  Mr.  Beck  makes  a  special 
department  of  roofing  work  and  his  prices  are  of  the  most  reasonable  and  economic  character.  The  trade  done  by  this  enterprising  gentle- 
man is  extensive  and  substantial,  and  is  drawn  principally  from  local  sources.  The  patronage  extended  to  Mr.  Beck  has  been  gained  by 
hard  and  conscientious  work,  good  honest  material,  and  the  unvarying  employment  of  upright  and  trustworthy  principles.  He  enjoys  a 
Large  measure  of  success  and  fully  deserves  it.  Mr.  Beck  is  a  native  of  Germany  and  has  resided  in  this  city  for  about  twenty-three  years. 
He  is  exceedingly  popular  with  all  classes  of  the  community  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  the  United  Friends. 

WILLIAM  P.  DANE,  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fancy  Papers  and  Cards,  Wholesale  and  Retail.  No.  61  Beekman  Street,  and  No.  91  Ann, 
Corner  Gold  Street.— An  eminent  and  flourishing  firm  in  the  wholesale  and  retail  paper  trade,  which  has  devoted  its  attention 
particularly  to  fancy  varieties,  with  results  pronouncedly  satisfactory  alike  to  itself  and  its  numerous  patrons,  is  that  of  Mr. 
William  P.  Dane.  A  great  feature  of  this  establishment  is  the  supplying  of  surface  coated  paper,  such  as  is  used  by  binders, 
lithographers,  printers,  paper  box  manufacturers  and  others;  and  the  handling  of  cards  in  sheets  and  cuts  to  sizes  for  litho- 
graphers and  printers.  This  well-conducted  enterprise  was  founded  in  this  city  twenty  j-ears  ago,  and  was  removed  to  its  present  c  mmo- 
dious  quarters— consisting  of  store,  basement,  and  second  and  third  floors,  each  25  x  100  feet  in  size — in  consequence  of  the  great  development 
of  its  trade,  ten  years  ago.  The  exceptionally  satisfactory  facilities  possessed  for  the  procuring  of  its  goods,  and  therefore  of  supplying  them 
at  competitive  figures,  resulted  in  the  securing  of  a  very  far-reaching  trade  with  the  various  industrial  businesses  referred  to,  in  thiscountry, 
supplemented  by  one  of  no  inconsiderable  extent  as  exporters. 

•w-1    AS  NOVEDADES  (The  News),  J.  G.  Garcia,  Editor  and  Publisher,  No  23  Liberty  Street. -In  addition  to  the  powerful  and  influential 
I   (§)    P^P^^^  published  in  the  English  language  in  New  York,  there  are  also  first-class  journals  printed  in  Spanish.  French  and  Italian  for 
I    V     re-aders  of  those  different  nationalities.      Las  Novedades  (the  News),  is  the  only  daily  Spanish  journal  published  in  the  United  States. 
It  was  established  in  1876  and  has  been  highly  successful  from  the  first,  a  large  circulation  being  acquired  among  the  Spanish  resi- 
dents of  New  York  and  its  vicinity,  while  also  extending  to  Mexico,  the  West  Indies,  Central  and  South  America,  Canada,  and 
Europe,  as  well  as  the  United  States  in  general.    The  director,  editor  and  publisher  of  Las  Novedades.  Mr.  J.  G.  Garcia,  is  a  native  of  Spain, 
and  has  resided  in  New  York  for  the  past  thirty  years.     He  is  a  journalist  of  signal  ability  and  experience,  and  a  writer  who  wields  a  strong 
pen  upon  all  live  questions  of  the  day.     In  recognition  of  services  rendered  to  his  country  through  his  paper,  the  Queen  Regent  of  Spain 
sent  Jlr.  Garcia  a  few  years  ago  the  Cross  of  Isabella,  a  bright  distinction  obtained  but  by  few  literarj-  men  abroad.    Las  Novedades  con- 
tains news  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  full  telegraphic  despatches.  local  news,  a  continued  siory.  correspondence,  bright  editorials,  and 
matters  of  general  interest  to  our  Spanish  citizens.    It  is  sent  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  $15  for  one  year;  $8.00  for  six  months,  $4.25  for 
three  months.     Single  copies  sell  for  five  cents.    The  weekly  edition,  a  twenty  page  journal,  is  sent  for  $8.00  yearly;  $4.25  for  six  months; 
$1.25  for  three  months.     As  an  advertising  medium  Las  Novedades  is  of  especial  value,  and  our  merchants  and  manufacturers  who  have 
business  with  South  America  and  other  points  will  find  their  trade  benefited  by  advertising  in  the  columns  of  this  journal.    Mr.  Garcia  is  a 
member  of  several  associations,  and  is  very  popularly  known  in  both  social  and  business  circles. 

C6:  E.  GERLI  FRATELLI  &  CO.,  Importers  of  Raw  Silk,  Agents  for  Italian  Reelers,  No.  31  Wooster  Street.— The  rapid  and  con- 
tinued growth  of  the  silk  manufacturing  industry  in  this  country  has  created  a  heavy  and  constantly  increasing  demand  for  sup- 
plies of  raw  silk,  and  the  trustworthy  firm  of  Messrs.  C.  &  E.  Gerli  Fratelli  &  Co.  has  profited  by  this  development  as  importers  of 
raw  silk  and  agents  for  Italian  reelers,  the  operations  of  the  house  being  rendered  the  more  valuable  bj^  reason  of  the  close  acquaint- 
ance of  the  principals  with  the  relative  worth  of  different  varieties,  and  of  the  facilities  they  possess  for  procuring  supplies  at  inside 
market  figures,  through  their  branch  house  at  Milan.  The  enterprise  was  initiated  in  this  city  in  1883,  and  in  the  short  period  that  has  since 
elapsed,  the  alert  and  progressive  methods  of  the  house,  in  conjunction  with  its  ability  to  cliallenge  comparison  of  its  figures  with  those  usu- 
ally prevailing  for  raw  silk  of  relative  qualities,  has  been  productive  of  a  connection  which  embraces  patrons  in  all  parts  of  the  Union  where 
silk  manufacturing  is  pursued.  The  premises  occupied,  50  x  25  feet  in  size,  are  heavily  stocked  with  each  grade  in  regular  demand,  in  order 
to  facilitate  prompt  shipments.  Mr.  C.  and  Mr.  E.  Gerli  Fratelli  are  both  natives  of  Italy,  and  are  young,  energetic  and  well  trained  business 
men. 


HISTORY  AND  COMxMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  281 

FR.  GEBHARDT,  JIamiraoturer  of  Cap  Fronts.  Straps  and  Sweats,  Nos.  144  and  14G  S.  Fifth  Avenne.—Tlie  trade  of  tliis  liouse  con- 
sists exclu.sively  in  manufacturing  cap  fronts,  straps  and  sweats  for  the  leading  liat  and  cap  malieis  in  this  city,  witli  wlioni  it  lias 
gained  a  reputation  for  reliability  as  to  quality  and  workmanship  that  is  the  direct  cause  of  a  trade  which  steadily  increases  in 
•  magnitude  with  each  succeeding  year.  This  business  was  founded  in  18(15,  by  Mr.  William  Gebhardt.  on  Crosby  Street,  and  the 
latter  part  of  1890  it  was  removed  to  the  present  location.  In  1S.M3  Mr.  William  Gebhardt  died,  and  his  son— the  present  proprietor 
—succeeded  to  the  control.  The  premises  at  present  occupied  consist  of  a  floor  having  a  superficial  area  of  35  x  UW  feet,  used  as  office, 
salesroom  and  factory,  all  being  admirably  appointed  and  furnished  with  every  convenience  for  the  due  prosecution  of  the  large  and 
important  trade  now  controlled;  five  duly  qualified  assistants  being  steadily  employed  in  the  manufacturing  department.  He  is  a  native  of 
this  city,  and  has  been  a,  resident  of  Staten  Island  for  the  past  four  years.  He  enlisted  in  the  Seventy-first  regiment  of  National  Guards 
and  was  subsequently  transferred  to  the  Thirteenth  regiment. 

NEW  YORK  STENCIL  WORKS,  Office  and  Store  No.  100  Nassau  Street.— This  flourishing  enterprise  had  inception  in  1868,  when  the 
business  was  started  by  E.  L.  Tarbox,  and  under  the  firm  name  New  York  Stencil  Works  was  conducted  up  to  18.83,  when  it  was 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  New  York  state,  with  a  capital  of  $30,000,  and  the  present  style  adopted,  E.  L.  Tarbox  being  presi- 
dent, and  H.  L.  Tarbox,  treasurer.  They  are  patentees  and  sole  manufacturers  of  patent  revolving  stencil  alphabet  and  figures,  and 
patent  rubber  telegraph  type  wheels;  also  manufacturers  of  the  following  specialties:  -steel  type  for  typewriters,  steel  letters  and 
figures  for  the  hardware  trade,  brass  and  iron  dies  for  printing  on  wood,  steel  plates  of  every  description,  burning  brands,  seals  of  all  kinds, 
rubber  stamps,  metal  stamps,  etc. ;  and  turn  out.  to  order,  all  classes  of  w'ork  comprehended  in  die  sinking  and  general  engraving.  The  fac- 
tories are  capacious,  perfectly  equipped  plants,  and  between  fifty  and  sixty  hands,  all  told,  are  employed.  The  quarters  used  as  office  and 
store  are  spacious,  commodious  and  well  appointed,  and  a  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  here,  uicludiug,  beside 
the  productions  above  indicated,  also  numbering  machines,  check  protectors,  baggage  checks,  key  checks,  sleel  stamps,  brass  labels,  rail- 
road seals,  ribbon  stamps,  stencil  dies,  steel  dies,  inks  and  materials,  rubber  tyi>e,  soap  dies  and  stamps,  iron  figure  wheels,  stencil  brushes, 
and.  in  short,  everything  in  this  line.  All  orders  by  telephone  (No.  340  John),  mail  or  otherwise  are  promptly  and  reliably  attended  to,  and  all 
communications  of  a  business  nature  (P.  O.  Box,  No.  3581)  will  receive  immediate  attention,  an  efficient  clerical  staff  being  employed.  Every 
article  leaving  this  well-known  house  is  fully  warranted,  and  all  work  executed  to  order  is  guaranteed  to  render  satisfaction,  while  the  very 
lowest  possible  prices  are  quoted.  The  Messrs.  Tarbox,  who  are  gentlemen  of  middle  age,  are  Pennsylvanians  by  birth,  but  residents  of  this 
city  for  some  thirty  odd  years. 

"W"^    EOPOLD  ASCHER,  Importer  and  Commission  Merchant  in  Brushes.  Nos.  93  and  95  Maiden  Lane.— Mr.  Leopold  Ascher  imports 
I   /s\    brushes  largely  from  Germany,  and  transacts  a  business  of  considerable  volume  in  them  throughout  the  United  States.    He  has  an 

I  V     extensive  and  well-equipped  factory  at  Brooklyn,  while  headquarters  of  the  house  in  this  country  are  in  Maiden  Lane.     The  prem- 
—      ises  here  are  20  x  40  feet  in  measurement,  and  a  most  excellent  display  is  there  made  of  brushes  of  every  description,  chosen  with 

rare  good  judgment  and  discretion  to  suit  the  American  market.  Besides  this,  the  firm  has  branches  at  Nuremberg  and  Dinkelsbuehl, 
Germany,  and  it  is  able  to  import  on  exceptionally  favorable  conditions.  The  business  was  established  in  1887,  and  the  conscientiousness 
which  marks  all  its  transactions  has  given  eminent  satisfaction  to  all  patrons  who  have  done  business  with  it.  The  factory  at  Brooklyn  con- 
sists of  a  floor  and  basement  25  x  100  feet  in  extent,  and  the  improved  methods  of  manufacture  designed  to  reduce  the  cost  of  production 
without  deterii^rating  the  high  quality  of  finished  goods  are  in  operation.  Besides  importing  direct  on  its  own  account  and  manufacturing 
for  itself,  the  house  does  heavy  business  as  commission  merchants.    Mr.  Ascher  has  resided  in  the  United  States  ten  years. 

VILLI.\M  L.  MILLER,  Brass  Finisher,  Etc.,  No.  87  Centre  Street. — Though  only  initiated  one  year  ago,  this  firm  has  ingratiated 
itself  very  thoroughly  with  its  line  of  trade,  by  reason  of  the  comprehensive  character  of  the  brass  finishing  work  it  is 
able  to  undertake,  and  to  accomplish  in  really  workmanlike  style,  at  relatively  low  prices,  its  principal  being  a  young  man 
who  learned  his  trade  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  Cleveland,  C,  and  mastered  all  its  details  and  technicalities.  Hence  the  trade 
done,  which  is  exclusively  confined  to  jobbing  work  from  local  houses,  is  of  a  brisk  and  growing  character,  three  well  trained 
-employees  being  now  regularly  engaged  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the  expert  principal  upon  the  premises,  which  consist  of  a  floor, 
25  X  65  feet  in  size.    Mr.  William  L.  Miller  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  expert  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  his  trade. 

r-f  B.  M.VXFIELD  &  CO.,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruits,  Fancy  Fruits,  Etc.,  Nos.  75  and  77  Park  Place.— A 

^--  I  very  important  form  of  commercial  industry  in  this  city  is  the  trading  in  fruit,  and  one  of  the  most  reliable  houses  of  this  character 

^1  is  that  of  J.  B.  .Maxfleld  &  Co.,  of  Nos.  75  .and  77  Park  Place,  corner  of  Greenwich  Street.    Mr.  J.  B.  Maxfield  is  a  gentleman  of  con- 

II  •  siderable  experience  in  the  business,  having  been  connected  for  seventeen  year.s  as  clerk  with  the  old  and  well-known  fruit  house  of 

Maxfleld  &  Co.,  who  were  the  pioneers  in  the  Florida  orange  trade.  Prior  to  his  connection  with  the  fruit  business,  he  held  the 
responsible  position  of  paying  teller  in  the  Central  Bank  of  Brooklyn.  The  premises  occupied  are  well  located,  light  and  cheerful,  with 
good  ventilation,  and  well  adapted  for  the  business.  The  house  deals  heavily  in  oranges,  lemons,  tangerines,  grape  fruit,  bananas,  sweet 
potatoes,  cranberries,  grapes,  peanuts,  etc.,  and,  in  fact,  in  all  kinds  of  foreign  and  domestic  fruit,  making  a  specialty  always  of  the  very 
finest  grades.  This  latter  feature  has  secured  for  them  well  merited  patronage  from  many  of  the  large  dealers  in  strictly  fancy  fruit.  Spe- 
■  cial  attention  is  given  in  their  season  to  Florida  oranges,  lemons.  Navel  oranges,  tangerines,  mandarins  and  grape  fruit,  and  parties  dealing 
in  these  will  always  find  at  this  establishment  the  best  selections  coming  to  the  market.  The  fancy  Florida  lemon  and  the  delicious  Indian 
River  oranges,  both  of  which  are  among  the  finest  of  their  kind  in  the  world,  receive  particular  attention,  and  during  their  season  are  to  be 
found  at  the  Maxfleld  corner.  The  house  is  noted  tor  its  sagacity  in  the  purchasing,  careful  handling  and  packing  of  fruit,  and  straightfor- 
wardness of  all  its  dealings.  Its  staff  of  assistants  are  expert  in  the  business,  and  under  the  direction  of  the  active  principal  they  meet  the 
requirements  of  patrons  in  the  most  capable  and  painstaking  m.xnner.  Mr.  Maxfield,  who  resides  in  Bloomfleld,  N.  J.,  is  a  native  of  New 
Y'ork,  and  is  among  the  best  known  and  most  respected  men  in  his  line  of  business  in  the  city. 

ir  T|-  ULFORD,  C.4.RY  &  CONKLIN.  Importers  and  ^V^lolesale  Dealers  in  Leather  and  Findings.  Shoe  Manufacturers'  Goods,  Nos.  34  and 

\\      ^'  Spruce  Street.— New  York  has  long  been  a  leading  market  in  the  United  States  for  the  leather  trade  and  one  of  the  oldest 

/       I      houses  engaged  in  this  line  is  that  of  Messrs.  Mulforrl,  Cary  &  Conklin.    This  concern  was  founded  in  1850  by  Messrs.  M.  Mulford 

■*■    and  C.  W.  Cary,  and  in  1.861  Jlr.  Cary  retired.  Mr.  Mulford  remaining  alone  up  to  lRa5.  when  Mr.  B.  H.  Cary,  brother  of  C.  W. 

Cary,  was  admitted  to  partnership.    In  1867  Mr.  E.  H.  Cnnklin  became  a  partner,  anil  the  business  has  since  been  conducted  under 

the  firm  name  of  Mulford,  Cary  &  Conklin  although  5Ir.  JIulford  died  in  1887.     The  premises  occupied  consist  of  two  flve-story  buildings,  25 

X  mo  feet  each,  and  conveniently  equipped  throughout  for  the  expeditious  dispatch  of  business.    The  firm  employ  five  traveling  salesmen 

and  carry  on  general  operations  as  importers  and  wholesale  dealers  in  leather  and  findings  of  all  kinds  for  shoe  manufacturers'  use.    They 

have  the  reputation  of  carrying  the  largest  stock  of  goods  in  their  line  of  any  house  in  the  trade. 


2S2  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CK.  COLBY,  Watches  and  Diamonds,  No.  11  John  Street.— One  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  city  establishments  in  this  line  is  that  of 
j\Ir.  C.  K.  Colby,  dealer  in  watches  and  diamonds.  3Ir.  Colby  has  been  engaged  in  the  present  enterprise  for  a  period  of  thirty-nine 
years,  and  in  this  time  has  reared  an  exceedingly  prosperous  business  and  won  an  enviable  reputation  as  an  upright,  honorable  mer- 
•  chant.  The  handsome  offices  at  the  above  address  are  supplied  witli  all  requisite  business  conveniences  and  facilities,  including 
tliree  large  safes  for  the  storage  of  the  valuable  wares  handled.  A  large  and  elegant  stock  of  high  grade  gold  and  silver  watches  is. 
carried  and  the  assortment  of  diamonds  is  large  and  select.  Two  experienced  assistants  are  employed  and  the  voluminous  house  trade 
reaches  throughout  the  country,  inclusive  of  a  large  and  most  desirable  local  trade.  Mr.  Colby  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire  and  an  expert 
at  the  business  in  hand.  He  came  to  New  York  in  lSo2,  and  in  the  same  year  founded  the  enterprise  with  which  he  has  since  been  prom- 
inently and  most  successfully  identified. 

r-^OHN  aUNER,  Shipping  Agent  and  Notary  Public,  No.  83  South  Street.— Mr.  John  Miner  has  been  established  forty  /ears  as  a  ship- 
/-v  I  P'ng  agent,  and  has  so  developed  his  resources  that  he  finds  employment  for  over  five  thousand  persons  a  year.  His  patronage 
v^  I  comes  from  some  of  the  largest  houses  and  ship  owners,  including  H.  Strowbridge  &  Sons,  the  Wilson  Line,  the  National  Line,  and 
1  I  other  boats  and  coasting  vessels  all  over  the  world.  Mr.  Miner  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and  a  gentleman  m  the  prime  of  life.  He 
made  a  gallant  war  record,  being  a  veteran  member  of  the  Twenty-third  Regiment  of  Brooklyn.  He  is  a  well-kno^\Ti  member  and 
trustee  of  Cushing  Post,  231.  G.  A.  R.,  and  also  an  active  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M.,  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the  K.  T.  Mr.  Miner  bears  a  higli 
reputation  for  ability  and  commercial  honor,  and  is  regarded  as  a  most  upright  and  useful  citizen.  He  has  a  neatly  arranged  office.  !^  x  35 
feet,  where  he  attends  to  his  manifold  duties,  all  of  his  obligations  being  carried  through  with  utter  satisfaction  to  clients  and  employees. 
His  position  is  not  alone  a  responsible  one,  but  very  necessary  in  the  shipping  world. 

ER.  STOCKWELL,  Manufacturer  of  Jewelry,  Gold  and  Silver  Badges,  Medals,  Etc.,  No.  19  John  Street.— Mr.  E.  R.  Stockwellhas  the 
honor  to  be  the  proprietor  of  one  of  the  oldest  plants  in  New  York,  the  date  of  its  establishment  being  1836.  Mr.  Stockwell  succeeded 
to  the  business  in  1880.  He  employs  thirty  persons  in  his  neat  and  finely  appointed  factory,  which  is  25  x  100  feet  in  size.  He  is 
•  a  manufacturer  of  class  rings,  class  buttons,  class  pins  and  class  badges,  silk  ribbon  badges  for  officers  and  members  for  entertain- 
ments, commencements,  etc.,  supplies,  encrusts  and  mounts  diamonds  and  other  precious  stones,  watches  and  silverware  for  the 
trade  and  for  presentation;  while  he  makes  a  specialty  of  manufacturing  medals  and  badges  for  awards,  the  designs  for  which  are  his  own. 
In  this  line  of  work  Mr.  Stockwell  has  received  some  of  the  most  gratifying  testimonials  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  He  is  a  native 
of  New  England  and  has  been  in  New  York  twenty-five  years-  Mr.  Stockv/ell  is  a  most  energetic  man  of  affairs.  A  practical  workman 
himself,  he  tolerates  none  but  skilled  artisans  in  his  establishment.  This  has  given' his  goods  the  stamp  of  rehability  and  high-class  finish. 
His  business  has  extended  all  through  America,  due  to  Mr.  Stockwell's  most  exemplary  business  policy. 

BUZBY  &  WOLCOTT,  Brokers  and  Commission  Merchants,  No.  54  Beaver  Street.— The  broker  and  commission  merchant  business  of 
Messrs.  Buzby  &  Wolcott  was  established  in  1850,  though  a  claim  might  legitimately  be  made  to  much  greater  antiquity,  the  New 
York  business  being  a  distinct  offshoot  and  succession  of  that  established  in  Philadelphia  in  1818.  At  that  date  its  proprietors  were 
Field  &  Taylor,  afterward  Field  &  Johnson,  trading  under  that  title  in  New  York  also,  from  1850  to  1854.  In  1854,  Mr.  Field  retired 
from  active  business.  From  1854  to  1H.57  (inclusive)  the  firm  name  was  R.  &  I.  H.  Johnson,  the  latter  gentleman  having  charge  of  the 
Philadelphia  office.  At  the  close  of  1857  I.  H,  Johnson  retired,  and  the  business  was  continued  by  Rowland  Johnson,  and  remained  so  until 
his  death  in  1886,  when  Messrs.  Buzby  and  Wolcott,  two  old  employees  of  the  house,  became  the  proprietors,  the  former  having  been  in  the 
house  from  the  year  1854,  and  the  latter  from  1864.  The  premises,  now  the  headquarters,  at  No.  54  Beaver  Street,  are  those  which  were  occu- 
pied for  the  business  from  1850  to  1883,  the  alfairs  of  the  house  having  been  conducted  on  Mercer  Street,  afterward  Broadway,  from  the  latter 
date  until  the  beginning  of  1891,  when  the  occupancy  of  the  old  premises  was  resumed.  These  consist  of  an  office  20  x  50  feet  in  size,  with  two 
lofts,  the  extensive  operations  of  the  firm  needing  only  accommodation  for  a  sample  stock,  its  sales  being  made  from  samples.  The  connec- 
tion of  the  house  embraces  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  and  the  class  of  goods  in  -.-hich  it  deals  relate  to  Chinese,  Japanese  and  East  Indies 
goods,  raw  silk,  mattings,  straw,  braids.  Oriental  rugs,  etc.,  being  included,  while  choice  teas  and  coffees  for  family  use  form  no  inconsider- 
able portion  of  the  trade.  Messrs.  Buzby  and  Wolcott  are  both  middle-aged  gentlemen,  the  former  being  a  native  of  this  city,  and  a  resident 
of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  aud  the  latter  was  born  in  New  Jersey  and  lives  in  East  Orange  of  that  state. 

"W  ir  ULLER  &  KRONE,  Foreign  and  Domestic  Fruits  and  Nuts,  No.  254  Greenwich  Street.— A  house  which  is  eminently  representative  of 
/  VI       the  large  class  engaged  in  this  city,  of  which  it  is  a  prominent  member,  is  that  of  Messrs.  MuUer  &  Krone,  wholesale  jobbers  and- 
/        1      dealers  in  foreign  and  domestic  fruits  and  nuts,  situated  at  No.  254  Greenwich  Street,  so  well-known  throughout  the  trade  for  the- 
reliability  of  the  goods  it  handles  and  its  high  principles  of  trading  generally.    The  business  was  founded  in  1873  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Mul- 
ler,  who  carried  on  a  highly  successful  and  fast-increasing  trade  for  a  number  of  years,  and  was  joined  in  partnership  in  1882  by 
Mr.  G.  W.  Krone,  its  firm  name  being  then  changed  to  its  present  style.    The  house,  when  fi^rst  established,  was  situated  at  No.  247  Wash- 
ington Street,  but  owing  to  the  vast  increase  of  the  trade  in  the  last  decade,  it  became  imperative,  some  six  years  ago,  to  develop  the- 
various  branches;  and  with  this  object  the  headquarters  were  removed  to  their  present  location.    These  premises  consist  of  a  floor,  loft  and 
basement,  each  measuring  20  x  100  feet,  used  as  office,  salesroom  and  warehouse,  being  admirably  fitted  and  arranged  for  receiving,  storing  and 
dispatching  the  heavy  lines  of  foreign  and  domestic  fruits  and  nuts  handled;  conspicuous  among  which,  for  their  variety  and  excellence  of 
quality,  being  pineapples,  bananas,  pears,  apples,  grapes,  cocoanuts,  peanuts,  hickory  nuts  and  lemons,  a  particular  specialty  being  made  of 
lemons,  oranges,  grapes  and  foreign  nuts.    The  large  volume  of  trade  now  controlled  is  at  wholesale  only,  and  extends  among  some  of  the- 
most  representative  consumers  in  the  country,  upwards  of  twenty  efficient  assistants  being  engaged  as  clerks,  warehousemen,  porters, 
teamsters,  etc.,  and  about  ten  trucks  for  the  receipt  and  delivery  of  consignments  within  the  city  limits.     A  very  comprehensive  stock 
of  Jhe  choicest  foreign  and  domestic  fruits  and  nuts  is  always  carried— varying  according  to  the  season— and  is  representative  of  some  of 
the  finest  fruit  raisers,  etc.,  in  this  and  other  countries.    The  two  gentlemen  who  are  responsible  for  the  very  able  and  successful  manage- 
ment of  the  business  in  every  detail  are  natives  respectively,  Mr.  Muller,  of  Germany,  and  Mr.  George  W.  Krone,  of  this  city. 


K 


MICHEL,  Importer  and  Manufacturer  of  Ostrich  and  Fancy  Feathers,  Artificial  Flowers,  No.  656  Broadway.— A  period  of 
twenty-seven  years  devoted  to  tlie  pursuit  of  his  present  business  as  an  importer  and  manufacturer  of  ostrich  and  fancy  feathers 
has  brought  to  Mr.  M.  Michel  a  far-reaching  reputation.     Feathers  and  feather  trimmings,  ostrich  feather  fans,  artificial  flowers 


supplied;  and  the  three  experienced  commercial  travelers  who  represent  the  interests  of  the  concern  in  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, are  able  to  offer  irresistible  inducements.  In  coping  with  this,  a  force  of  from  forty  to  fifty  trained  operatives  is  employed,  and  a  large 
stock  is  carried  in  ail  leading  and  staple  lines,  while  special  lines  are  made  up  to  customers'  requirements  with  a  celerity  which  is  rendered 
possible  by  the  splendid  facilities  possessed.  Of  German  birth,  Mr.  Michel  lias  been  in  this  country  since  18(50,  and  his  well  directed  energy, 
in  conjunction  with  honorable  commercial  principles,  has  built  up  for  him  a  business  wliich  is  among  the  most  flourishing  of  its  kind. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  283- 

r-w-  OHN  SHEA  &  CO.,  Wliolesale  Dealers  in  All  Kinds  of  Country  Produce,  No.  183J  Washington  Street.— Established  in  1886,  in  a  business- 
I       which  ordinarily  requires  a  very  much  longer  period  for  its  satisfactory  development,  the  firm  of  John  Shea  &  Co.  has  already 
VS'  I      achieved  a  recognition  and  a  consequent  enviable  connection  as  wholesale  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  country  produce,  which  very  clearly 
(J      sets  the  seal  of  approval  on  the  able  and  conscientious  methods  which  have  distinguished  its  career.    The  partners,  Mr.  John  Shea 
and  Mr.  T.  Sullivan,  are  gentlemen  with  a  profound  knowledge  of  all  the  details  of  the  business.    They  watch  the  markets,  and 
obtain  choice  supplies  of  each  kind  of  country  produce  in  season,  at  inside  market  rates,  which  enables  the  firm  to  offer  retailers  a  full  choice 
of  goods  at  prices  that  challenge  comparison.    The  premises  referred  to  consist  of  an  eligible  first  floor,  where  from  one  to  three  employees 
(according  to  the  exigencies  of  the  sea-son)  assist  the  two  principals  in  the  constant  replenishment  of  the  stock,  the  niling  of  orders,  and  the 
numerous  other  duties  incidental  to  a  thriving  business  of  the  kind,  and  one  which  is  still  steadily  expanding.    Mr.  John  Shea  and  Mr.  T.  Sul- 
livan are  two  gentlemen  who  are  accorded  personal  popularity  for  their  ability,  enterprise  and  honorable  dealing. 

HD.  GR.VY,  Photo-Lenses,  No.  76  Beekman  Street.— Mr.  Gray  claims  the  honor  and  distinction  of  being  the  only  optician  in  the 
United  States  engaged  exclusively  in  the  manufacture  of  photographic  lenses.  He  is  a  native  of  Indiana  and  lias  been  a  resident 
of  this  city  for  about  six  years.  He  established  his  business  iu  1S88  and  immediately  assumed  a  liigh  position  in  the  trade.  His 
•  premises  have  a  capacity  of  3.j  x  90  feet,  and  gas  power  is  supplied  to  all  the  mechanical  appliances  and  equipments.  A  compe- 
tent staff  of  expert  opticians  are  contiimally  engaged,  and  the  work  executed  is  of  tlie  very  highest  grade  of  excellence  and  com- 
mands universal  satisfaction.  Mr.  Gray  lias  had  a  lite  long  experience  in  photography,  and  adds  to  his  practical  mechanical  proficiency  the 
invaluable  knowledge  of  the  photographic  expert.  This  combination  is  one  which  is  thoroughly  understood  and  appreciated.  Mr.  Gray's 
premises  were  originally  located  at  No.  359  W.  Twenty-seventh  Street,  and  the  present  eligible  quartei-s  were  secured  in  1890.  Orders  of  any 
magnitude,  wliether  in  tlie  city  or  the  country,  are  promptly  and  faithfully  attended  to.  Mr.  Gray  is  a  young  and  enterprising  man,  devoted 
to  his  profession  and  destined  to  assume  a  foremost  position  in  the  business  iu  which  he  is  engaged.  His  trade  connections  are  distributed 
all  over  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  he  recently  established  an  agency  in  London  which  is  rapidly  increasing  his  sales  in  England. 

-w-f    OUIS  MONJO,  JR.,  &  CO.,  Commission  Merchants,  Kemble  Building,  Nos.  1.5  to  iS  Whitehall  Street.— This  is  one  of  the  most  responsi- 

I    /gj    ble  and  the  oldest  established  concern  of  its  line  in  New  York,  and  was  founded  iu  1866.    Its  career  from  its  inception  has  been  one 

I   V     of  continued  success.    Conducting  the  house  upon  strict  business  principles,  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  South 

American  trade,  and  withal,  men  of  sterling  integrity  and  sagacity,  it  is  only  in  the  nature  of  things  that  the  firm  should  have 

achieved  the  success  and  attained  the  stauding  they  have  deservedly  won.    The  Arm  handle  all  kinds  of  merchandise  for  export  to 

Central  and  South  America,  also  to  Cuba,  doing  an  exclusively  commission  business,  and,  altogether,  they  transact  an  exceedingly  large 

trade,  the  total  annual  transactions  of  the  house  reaching  quite  a  handsome  figure.    Mr.  Louis  Monjo,  who  is  the  active  partner,  has  been  a 

resident  of  this  city  tor  thirty-five  years.    In  184.5-46  he  was  on  the  Produce  Exchange  and  was  a  member  of  the  Maritime  Exchange.    He  is 

active  and  energetic,  and  sustains  an  enviable  reputation  in  commercial  life. 

SB.  BROOKS,  Manufacturer  of  Whisk  and  Toy  Brooms  and  Broom  Specialties,  No.  154  Maiden  Lane.— The  mechanical  industries  do 
not  include  a  more  important  branch  than  that  of  the  manufacture  of  whisk  and  toy  brooms,  of  which  trade  S.  B.  Brooks  is  a  most 
eminent  representative.    This  gentleman  occupies  a  modernly  arranged  shop  of  good  dimensions,  where  he  employs  the  most  skilled 
*  workmen  in  his  line.    He  established  his  business  in  1880  and  has  developed  a  trade  in  ali  parts  of  the  United  States.    A  native  of 
America.  Mr.  Brooks  has  made  a  name  for  flue,  reliable  work  in  all  of  the  broom  specialties,  his  particular  feature  being  sink  brooms. 
He  carries  a  good  stock  which  he  disposes  of  as  ordei-s  demand.    He  relies  upon  the  good  old  process  of  making  brooms  by  hand,  which  is  an 
assurance  of  their  excellence  and  lasting  qualities,  and  his  business  is  constantly  increasing. 

"■"<    UTZ  &  SAUER,  Artists  and  Designers,  Nos.  90-103  Church  Street.— Messrs.  Lutz  &  Sauer  create  and  execute  the  choicest  and  most 
I   /^    original  and  artistic  designs  for  lithographic  printers  in  all  parts  of  the  country.    The  proprietors  of  this  enterprise  are  Mr.  William 
I   \     Lutz  and  Mr.  E.  A.  Sauer,  both  young  men  of  rarely  cultured  tastes,  and  breadth  of  artistic  conception,  who  have  had  fifteen  years 
—      experience  in  this  art.    The  firm  was  founded  in  I8S9,  and  already  its  fame  has  gone  forth  to  an  extent  which  warrants  the  employ- 
ment of  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  skilled  artists  and  engravers.    The  proprietors  do  not  permit  themselves  to  be  tied  down  by  rigid 
and  narrow  conventional  rules,  but  interpret  their  art  in  a  broad  spirit,  and  their  work  has  been  characterized  by  well-judged  boldness  of 
conception,  or  chaste  delicacy  as  occasion  served,  with  the  result  that  several  of  their  masterpieces  in  various  classes  of  work  are  held  out  as 
models  of  American  commercial  art.    In  the  execution  of  its  work  the  firm  has  achieved  recognition  no  less  pronounced  than  in  its  designing, 
its  greatest  characteristic  being  the  exceeding  faithfulness  shown  to  details,  the  delicacy  of  touch  in  fine  work,  and  the  truthfulness  of  its 
light  and  shade.    For  this  work  it  has  the  most  modern  inventions  to  supplement  the  careful  labor  of  its  expert  artists.    The  premises  orig- 
inally occupied  were  at  No.  11.3  Fulton  Street,  but  the  firm  now  has  commodious  and  finely  appointed  premises,  35  x  60  feet  in  measurement. 
Of  the  two  partners,  Mr.  Lutz  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  Mr.  Sauer  was  born  in  Germany. 

E     MITCHELL,  Manufacturer  of  Brushes,  No.  6.3  Fulton  Street.— This  business  was  established  in  1883,  and  has  from  its  inception, 
placed  upon  the  market  some  of  the  finest  goods  in  this  line  to  be  found  in  the  city.    The  mechanical  equipments  are  of  the  latest 
improved  character,  and  are  the  best  that  skill  can  devise  and  capital  secure.    Hair,  nail,  cloth,  flesh,  bath,  and  tooth  brushes  are 
*  here  manufactured,  a  specialty  being  made  of  barbers'  brushes.    The  goods  are  acknowledged  to  be  of  unparalleled  excellence  of 
quality  and  finish,  and  wherever  introduced  meet  with  a  ready  sale.    A  force  of  help  sufficiently  large  to  meet  the  demands  of  an 
increasing  trade  is  constantly  employed,  and  having  excellent  facilities  for  the  prompt  fulfillment  of  orders,  the  house  is  in  a  position  to 
offer  inducements  to  the  trade  second  to  none  of  its  contemporaries.      A  large  local  trade  has  been  established.    Mr.  Mitchell  is  a  native  of 
England,  but  has  been  a  resident  of  the  United  States  for  twenty -five  years. 

'I^.ACOB  KLEIN,  Diamond  Setter,  Nos.  75  and  77  Nassau  Street.— A  large  majority  of  the  most  expert  diamond  setters  and  artistic 
-..  I  workers  in  jewels  are  of  foreign  birth  or  extraction.  an(i  their  supremacy  will  continue  so  long  as  the  existing  methods  of  appren- 
v^  I  ticeship  continue.  Among  those  who  illustrate  this  truth  is  Jacob  Klein,  the  diamond  setter,  who  has  recently  established  himself  in 
1  I  room  No.  18,  Nos.  75  and  77  Nassau  Street.  He  was  born  in  Hungary,  perfected  himself  in  his  calling  there,  came  to  this  country 
seven  years  ago,  and  is  now  in  business  for  himself,  carrying  on  a  general  trade  in  jewels  throughout  the  United  States,  and  doing  a 
large  amount  of  diamond  setting  for  the  trade,  which  is  fast  learning  to  appreciate  his  abilities  in  that  direction.  He  has  pleasant  quarters, 
gives  prompt  attention  to  all  commissions,  and  is  as  thoroughly  reliable  as  he  is  competent. 


284 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


OZONE  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  No.  oO  Walker  Street.— Although  long  recognized  in  the  domain  of  chemistry  as  an  active  and  potent 
natural  agent,  it  is  only  witliin  a  comparatively  recent  period  that  the  peculiar  gaseous  element  technically  known  as  ozone-oxygen 
has  been  introduced  practically  as  a  factor  in  the  arts  and  sciences.     And  not  only  has  the  fact  been  discovered  that  this  subtle  agent 
possesses  properties  of  distinct  interest  and  importance  from  a  medical  and  therapeutical  standpoint,  but  all  indications  are,  that  it  is 
destined  to  effect  a  veritable  revolution  in  the  industries  also.     While  the  great  value  of  ozone  as  a  chemical  and  curative  element  has 
been  known  and  appreciated  for  many  years,  the  idea  was  universally  entertained  by  cliemists,  electricians  and  scientists  that  it  was  impossi- 
ble to  obtain  by  artificial  means  any  appreciable  quantity  of  the  gas.    The  first  successful  effort  in  this  direction  was  accomplished  by  Wer- 
ner Von  Siemens  in  1854,  who  after  a  series  of  experimentg  constructed  a  tube  which,  in  a  measure,  realized  the  desired  effect.    The 


apparatus  was  subsequently  materially  improved  by  Von  Balbo.  But  even  the  device  constructed  by  the  latter,  albeit  a  notable  advance  on 
all  previous  appliances  for  the  purposes  indicated,  still  left  the  matter  in  an  experimental  stage.  It  remained  for  Siemens  &  Halske,  of  Ber- 
lin, to  solve  the  problem  of  how  to  provide  by  inexpensive  means  an  unlimited  supply  of  ozone  for  the  various  purposes  to  which  this  beneficent 
agent  can  be  applied.  What  with  discovery,  invention  and  improvements  a  high  degree  of  perfection  has  been  attained  in  the  apparatus 
produced,  the  firm  just  mentioned,  whose  ozone  machines  are  a  distinct  triumph  of  science  and  skill,  and  for  which  the  Ozone  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  No.  86  Walker  Street,  are  sole  agents.    This  last  named  concern,  which  is  the  only  enterprise  of  the  kind  in  America,  was  established 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  285 

in  May.  ISOO.  and  the  unequivocal  success  that  has  attended  it  from  the  first  amply  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  to  say  noth- 
ing of  the  character  of  the  product.  Messrs.  F.  JI.  Grumbacher  and  J.  C.  Dittrich,  proprietors  of  the  Ozone  Manufacturing  Co.,  are  gentle- 
men in  the  prime  of  life  and  natives  of  Germany.  Thej-  are  both  men  of  practical  skill  and  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  of  energy  and 
enterprise,  fully  conversant  with  every  feature  and  detail  pertaining  to  the  preparation,  concentration  and  storing  of  ozone  oxygen,  and  are, 
in  short,  experts  in  their  line.  They  occupy  commodious  quarters  as  office,  laboratory,  etc.,  and  employ  several  efficient  assistants.  With 
the  aid  of  the  Siemens  &  Halske  apparatus,  abundant  resources  and  superior  facilities  generally,  the  Ozone  Manufacturing  Co.  are  in  a  posi- 
tion to  fill  orders  for  ozone  for  all  purposes,  and  many  desired  quantities,  while  they  are  prepared  to  offer  the  most  liberal  terms,  quoting 
remarkably  low  prices  to  the  drug  trade  and  dealers  generally.  All  correspondences  relative  to  preparations,  terms,  etc.,  should  be  addressed 
to  Johnson  &  Johnson,  of  No.  92  Wilham  Street,  whom  the  Ozone  Manufacturing  Co.  have  appointed  their  sole  agents  in  the  United  States. 

GILLIS  &  GEOGHEGAN,  Low  and  High  Pressure  Steam  Heating,  For  Warming  Private  Houses,  Stores  and  Public  Buildings,  Manu- 
facturers of  Wrought  Iron  Tubes,  Brass  Valves,  Fittings.  Etc.,  Xos.  .3.3  and  35  S.  Fifth  Avenue.— There  is,  perhaps,  no  distinct 
branch  in  the  entire  domain  of  the  mechanical  arts  in  which  more  progress  has  been  made  of  late  years  than  in  artificial  heating. 
What  with  invention,  improvements  and  sustained  effort,  the  advance  made  in  the  direction  indicated  is  one  of  the  notable  feat- 
tures  of  this  progressive  age  in  which  we  live.  Among  the  leading  firms  in  New  York  engaged  in  this  Une  there  are  none  who  enjoy 
a  higher  reputation  for  skill  and  reliability,  as  none  receive  a  larger  measure  of  recognition  than  Gillis  &  Geoghegan,  of  No.  3.3  and  35 
S  Fifth  .\ venue.  They  execute  all  classes  of  work  m  the  line  of  low  and  high  pressure  steam  heating  for  warming  private  houses,  stores 
and  public  buildings,  and  are  also  manufactiu'ers  of  wrought  iron  tubes,  brass  valves,  fittings,  etc.,  and  their  business,  which  is  exceed- 
ingly large,  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  substantial  increase.  This  well  and  favorably  known  firm  was  established  in  1S69  at  No.  199  Centre 
Street,  and  wa,s  located  at  Nos.  116  and  llSWooster  Street  some  twenty  years,  moving  to  their  present  location  February  1,  1891.  They  occupy 
the  whole  of  a  six-story  50  x  100  foot  structure,  which  is  perfectly  equipped  for  the  purposes  intended,  and  employ  upwards  of  three  hundred 
hands,  their  trade  extending  all  over  the  country.  They  are  prepared  to  furnish  estimates  for  all  classes  of  work  in  the  line  above  indicated 
and  guarantee  the  utmost  satisfaction  in  every  instance,  jobbing  receives  prompt  attention,  also  A  very  large  and  first-cla.ss  stock  of 
wrought  iron  tubes,  brass  valves,  fittings,  etc. .  is  constantly  kept  on  hand,  and  all  orders  for  the  trade  are  filled  at  lowest  prices.  Messrs. 
Charles  J  Gillis  and  Stephen  J.  Geoghegan  are  gentlemen  of  full  middle  age  and  natives  of  this  city.  Both  are  men  of  practical  skill 
and  thorough  experience,  as  well  of  entire  probity  of  character,  and  are  deservedly  esteemed  in  the  community,  alike  as  business  men  and 
citizens.    Mr.  Gillis  is  a  prominent  mason,  a  valued  member  of  the  Historical  Society  and  a  director  of  the  Empire  National  Bank. 

ST.  Lotus  STAMPING  COMPANY,  No.  96  Beekman  Street.— The  name  and  fame  of  the  St.  Louis  Stamping  Company  has  extended  to 
all  parts  ot  the  civilized  world,  and  they  permanently  maintain  the  lead  in  their  special  branch  of  industiy.  being  the  only  makers  of 
granite  ware  extant,  and  the  largest  manufacturers  of  galvanized  sheet  iron  and  enameled  ware  m  the  world.  The  business  was 
founded  in  1859,  w-ith  main  office  and  factory  at  St.  Louis,  and  branch  offices  are  operated  at  both  Boston  and  Chicago.  The  officers) 
Hon.  F.  G.  Niedringhans,  president,  and  Hon.  W  F.  Niedringhaus,  vice-president,  bring  to  bear  the  highest  qualifications  of  experi- 
ence, ability  and  inventive  genius.  The  plant  was  erected'at  a  cost  of  over  a  milhon  dollars,  covering  four  city  lots,  and  including  a  mam- 
moth rolling  mill,  and  employment  is  given  to  upwards  of  one  thousand  hands.  The  New  York  branch  was  opened  in  1878,  and  is  under  the 
experienced  management  of  Mr.  Edward  B.  Brown,  who  has  been  with  the  company  since  1867,  and  has  a  foimdation  understanding  of  all 
the  details  of  the  industry  and  the  requirements  of  the  trade,  and  is  eminently  popular  and  successful  in  meeting  eveiy  demand.  The  ware- 
rooms  here  comprise  an  entire  flve-story  building,  and  a  heavy  and  complete  stock  is  constantly  carried  of  the  wares  for  which  this  company 
is  so  widely  famous.  The  patent  granite  iron  ware  peculiar  to  this  company  embraces  the  "  Belle  "  coffee  biggins,  the  "  Improved  "  coffee 
biggins,  a  fine  line  of  coffee  boilers,  farina  boilers,  asparagus  and  corn  boilers,  and  seamless  milk,  rice  and  vegetable  boilers;  also  English 
mixing  bowls,  soup  bowls,  sugar  bowls,  wash  bowls,  broilers,  batter  buckets,  seamless  covered  buckets,  seamless  water  buckets,  patent 
safety  candlesticks,  wine  coolers,  cullenders,  drinking  cups,  dippers,  commodes,  cuspadores,  meat  dishes,  pudding  dishes,  seamless  hotel 
jars,  seamless  oval  butter  kettles,  seamless  camp  kettles,  covered  fish  kettles,  "  Boston  "  milk  kettles,  deep  preserving  kettles,  patent  cov- 
ered "  Windsor  "  kettles,  tea  kettles,  seamless  "  Standard  "  measures,  cake  molds,  "  Climax  "  fry  pans,  milk  pans,  gold  miners'  pans,  patent 
covered  "  Climax  "  sauce  pans,  perforated  percolators,  convex  water  pitchers,  peerless  pitchers  and  bowls,  improved  tea  pots,  oyster  stands, 
steamers,  strainei-s,  tumblers,  tureens,  and  a  fine  line  of  granite  toilet  ware,  all  of  which  articles  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated  as  there  is 
nothing  like  them  in  the  market.  The  galvanized  sheet  iron  ware,  deep  stamped  ware,  shallow  stamped  ware,  galvanized  ware,  perfection 
granite  ware,  hammered  and  polished  ware,  japanned  ware,  stamped  trimmings,  black  and  polished  ware,  enameled  ware,  tinner's  tools  and 
machines,  and  pieced  tinware,  are  all  recognized  by  critical  judges  as  the  acme  of  elegance,  utility,  durability  and  fine  finish,  unapproached 
and  unapproachable.    The  highest  standard  of  excellence  is  maintained  by  this  company,  whose  field  is  the  world. 

rryLFRED  SHRDIPTON  &  SONS.  Limited,  Pin  and  Needle  Manufacturers,  Redditch.  England;  United  States  Office  and  Salesroom,  No. 
fj  273  Church  Street.— The  vast  amount  of  pins  and  needles  placed  on  the  market  annually  imparts  to  the  manufacture  of  these  useful 
ft  and  indispensable  articles  an  importance  that  puts  it  among  the  great  branches  ot  industrial  activity.  As  the  chief  center  of  the 
/  ■*•  industry,  Redditch,  England,  has  a  number  of  noteworthy  firms  engaged  in  the  line  indicated,  prominent  among  the  others  being 
that  of  Alfred  Shrimpton  &  Sons,  Limited,  whose  United  States  oflflce  and  salesroom.  A.  A.  Wright,  manager,  are  located  at  No  273 
Church  Street,  this  city,  and  who  have  branch  offices  also  at  No.  247  Jlonroe  Street,  Chicago,  No.  164  North  Broadway,  St.  Louis,  No.  9  Beal 
Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  Toronto,  Canada.  They  are,  in  fact,  the  leading  and  most  widely  known  concern  of  the  kind  in  the  world, 
and  are  the  only  manufacturers  of  hand  and  sewing  machine  needles  and  pins,  having  their  own  depot  and  salesrooms  in  the  United  States. 
The  inception  of  this  flourishing  enterprise  dates  back  fully  one  hundred  years,  and  during  the  entire  period  the  business  has  been  conducted 
with  uninterrupted  prosperity.  pa.ssing  through  four  successive  generations  of  the  Shrimpton  family.  The  firm  turn  out  a  distinctly  superior 
class  of  goods,  which  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard,  and  their  productions  command  an  immense  sale  throughout 
the  American  continent,  as  well  as  in  Europe  and  all  over  the  entire  civilized  world,  owing  to  the  exceptional  excellence  tliereof.  the  same 
being  unsurpassed  in  any  feature  of  merit  by  anything  ot  the  kind  manufactured.  The  American  house  of  Alfred  Shrimpton  jt  Sons,  Lim- 
ited, was  established  in  1875  at  St.  Louis,  under  the  efficient  management  of  Mr.  Wright,  the  present  representative  of  the  firm  in  this 
country,  and  about  five  years  ago  was  moved  to  New  York.  The  quarters  occupied  at  No.  '273  Church  Street  comprise  two  30  x  100  feet  floors, 
and  are  well  ordered  and  excellently  arranged,  and  several  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed  here,  in  addition  to  seventeen  representatives  on 
the  road.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock,  including  hand  and  sewing  machine  needles  and  pins  of  every 
description,  and  in  every  size,  shape,  style  and  variety.  With  unequaled  productive  facilities,  world-wide  business  connections  and  other 
manifest  advantages,  the  Messrs.  Shrimpton  are  in  a  position,  naturally,  to  offer  substantial  inducements  to  the  trade,  quoting  rock  bottom 
prices,  while  all  orders  are  filled  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  and  relations  once  established  with  this  well  and  favorably 
known  house  are  certain  to  be  found  both  pleasant  and  profitable.  Mr.  Wright,  who  has  charge  of  the  entire  American  department,  is  a 
gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  a  Canadian  by  birth.  He  is  a  man  of  energy,  excellent  business  ability,  and  thorough  experience,  fully 
conversant  with  the  wants  ot  the  trade,  and  is,  in  short,  well  endowed  with  the  qualities  that  bespeak  success  in  the  commercial  world. 


286 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


-|^  OBERT  T.  McMURRAY  &  BRO,,  Manufacturers  of  Wire  Work  of  Every  Description,  Office.  Cornell  Buildingr.  Nos.  141  and  143  Centre 

M^      Street.— In  its  line  there  is  peiiiaps  no  firm  better  known  in  New  York,  and  few  throughout  the  United  States  than  Robert  T. 

u\      McMurray  &  Bro.,  a  house  that  had  achieved  a  position  of  great  eminenctj  before  it  came  into  the  hands  of  its  present  alert,  enter- 

'*■  V     prising  and  talented  proprietors  in  1887,  it  having  been  founded  by  their  father  very  many  years  ago.    The  scope  of  this  prominent 

and  flourishing  industrial  concern  embraces  the  manufacturing  of  wire  work  of  every  description  required  in  construction,  or  for 

ornamental  or  protective  purposes;  and  also  the  manufacture  of  iron  ventilator  frames  and  sashes,  dome  and  skylights,  and  every  variety  of 

light  iron  frames  and  grills  for  decorators,  tile,  and  leaded  glass  workers.    The  work  of  the  house  is  chiefly  to  order,  and  for  its  operations 

it  has  a  factory  at  Nos.  365-371  Harman  Street,  Brooklyn,  consisting  of  three  floors,  each  4"-;x65  feet  in  size,  provided  with  every  implement 

■or  appliance  that  can  facilitate  the  manufactui'e  of  its  goods,  and  manned  by  thii'ty  expert  operatives.    The  fii-m  have  done  wire  work  on  the 


following:  Tower  building.  No.  50  Broadway,  Imperial  Hotel,  Kelly  building.  Standard  Oil  building.  Potter  building,  E.  Ridley  &  Sons,  Met- 
ropolitan Telephone  building.  Lord  &  Taylor,  Hilton,  Hughes  &  Denning.  Lincoln  Safe  Deposit  Company.  Tiinity  estate  and  warehouses 
etc.,  Adams  Express  Company's  wagons,  American  Express  Company's  wagons,  and  the  United  States  Company's  wagons,  etc.  The  firm 
has  headquarter  offices  at  Nos.  141  and  14;J  Centre  Street  in  this  city,  and  its  enormous  local  business  is  supplemented  by  a  trade  of  very 
considerable  proportions  in  various  near  and  remote  parts  of  the  United  States.  The  partners  are  Mr.  Robert  T.  McMurray  and  Mr.  William 
H.  McMurray,  both  native  born  New  Yorkers,  who  were  early  trained  to  the  business,  and  who  now  devote  their  personal  attention  to  its 
affairs  with  unremitting  care.    They  are  still  young  men,  and  are  generally  and  deservedly  esteemed. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  287 

r-w-       WALLACE,  Dealers  in  Wax,  Wax  Papers,  Parafflne,  Zokerite,  Etc.,  Room  Xo.  155  Stewart  Building,  No.  280  Broadway.— The  gen- 
I        tlemau  whose  name  heads  this  slcetch  is  a  Nortli  Caroliuan  hy  birth  and  has  resided  in  New  York  for  the  past  twelve  years.    He 
'W  I        has  been  engaged  in  the  present  line  o£  business  since  1887,  and  has  an  extensive  trade,  not  only  throughout  the  United  States,  but 
1^    •  all  over  the  world.    He  is,  in  fact,  the  largest  dealer  in  Wax,  Parafflne,  Zokerite  and  kindred  products  in  this  city,  and  hamlles 
upward  of  two  thousand  tons  a  year,  all  told,  his  total  annual  sales  of  zokerite  alone  reaching  as  high  as  five  hundred  tons.    Mi . 
Wallace  occupies  commodious  quarters  as  ofBce  and  salesroom  at  room  No.  155  in  the  Stewart  Building,  and  employs  several  eftlcient  clerks 
jind  salesmen,  giving  close  attention  himself  to  every  detail.    He  deals  in  all  kinds  of  Wax,  Wax  papers,  Parafflne,  Japan  Canauba,  Zokerite, 
-Cerin.  Bees-wax,  etc.,  and  is  prepared  to  fill  orders  for  anything  in  the  line  indicated,  at  bottom  prices.    With    exceptional  facilities  in 
respect  of  source  of  supply,  world-wide  business  connections  and  other  advantages.  Mr.  Wallace  is  in  a  position  to  offer  substantial  induce- 
ments to  the  trade  and  export  merchants;  and  relations  once  established  with  this  gentleman  are  reasonably  certain  of  leading  to  a  perma- 
Jient  business  connection. 

ES.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Carpetings,  Nos.  80,  82,  Si  and  86  White  Street. -There  is  not,  perhaps,  within  the  entire 
domain  of  the  textile  industries  any  single  line  in  which  more  progress  has  been  made  during  the  past  few  decades  in  this  country 
than  carpet  manufacture.  What  with  new  and  improved  machinery,  invention  and  the  developments  of  skill,  the  productions  of 
•  our  leading  American  manufacturers  in  the  line  indicated  are  a  distinct  triumph  of  sustoined  effort.  And  in  connection  with  the 
subject  under  review,  attention  is  naturally  directed  to  the  elegant  and  excellent  carpetings  manufactured  by  E.  S.  Higgins  &  Co. 
Nos,  80,  82,  81  and  8(i  White  Street,  with  factory  foot  of  W.  Forty-third  Street,  which  commands  an  immense  sale  throughout  the  United 
States,  owing  to  the  uniformly  high  standard  at  which  the  same  are  maintained.  They  manufacture  a  distinctly  superior  class  of  floor  and 
stair  coverings  in  Moquette  velvets,  Sultan  velvets.  Imperial  velvets,  Axminsters,  Royal  Wiltons,  Wilton  velvets.  Body  brussels.  Tapestries 
three-ply  ingrains  and  other  flue  woolen  carpetings,  and  their  goods  are  noted  for  beauty  and  variety  of  designs,  rich  effects,  durability  and 
general  excellence,  being  not  surpassed  in  any  feature  of  merit  by  anything  of  the  kind  produced  in  this  or  any  other  country.  The  firm, 
■which  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  the  largest  in  the  line  indicated  in  the  United  States,  dates  its  origin  back  for  more  than  half  a  century,  and 
tJuring  the  entire  period  has  been  a  distinct  factor  in  the  trade.  The  factory  is  an  enormous  plant  and  perfectly  equipped,  all  the  latest 
improved  carpet  weaving  machinery,  appliances  and  appurtenances,  being  in  operation  therein,  and  employment  is  given  to  upward  of  two 
thousand  operatives.  The  quarters  occupied  as  offices  and  salesrooms  on  White  Street  comprise  the  whole  of  100  x  110  feet  six-story  build- 
ing and  a  large  force  of  clerks,  salesmen,  etc.  are  here  employed,  while  a  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  always  carried  on  hand  here,  the  stock 
which  is  of  a  most  comprehensive  and  attractive  character,  and  embracing  a  number  of  superb  novelties  and  exquisite  productions  in  parlor 
chamber,  dining-room,  hall,  office  and  stair  carpetings,  in  a  great  variety  of  shades,  styles,  designs  and  patterns.  Enjoying  manifest  advan- 
tages by  reason  of  unequaled  manufacturing  faciUties  and  a  wide  spread  permanent  business  connection,  this  representative  and  responsible 
firm  are  in  a  position  to  quote  exceptionally  liberal  terras  to  jobbers  and  retailers,  and  offer  inducements  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the 
<iarpet  trade  in  America.  This  flourishing  enterprise  had  inception  in  18.37,  when  the  business  was  started  in  a  modest  way  by  A.  and  E.  S. 
Higgins  &  Co.,  and  as  such  was  conducted  up  to  1856,  when  the  present  firm  name  was  adopted,  under  which  style  it  has  since  been  continued 
with  uninterrupted  success,  although  the  senior  member  was  removed  by  death  some  time  ago.  Messrs.  Eugene  Higgins  (son  E.  S.)  and 
John  D.  Wood,  who  constitute  the  present  copartnership,  are  both  men  of  thorough  experience,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  business  ability,  and 
are  fully  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade. 

rM  I        C.  V.AN  TINE  &  CO.,  Tailors  and  Clothiers,  No,  77  Chambers  Street.— A  New  York  firm  that  does  its  full  share  in  making  this  a 
LM        well  dressed  community  and  the  evidences  of  whose  artistic  taste  are  found  throughout  the  country,  is  that  of  A.  C.  Van  Tine  & 
I    I        Co.,  No.  77  Chambers  Street.     They  have  always  on  hand  a  carefully  selected  and  superb  stock  of  all  that  is  fashionable  or  desira- 
/         •.  ble  in  the  latest  patterns  and  shades  of  imported  and  domestic  goods,  such  as  go  to  make  up  the  wardrobe  of  a  gentleman  who 
dresses  with  a  regard  for  good  taste  and  prevailing  styles.     The  superior  quality  of  all  garments  leaving  this  house  is  conceded :  as 
Jit  not  only  uses  the  best  materials  afforded  by  the  markets  of  the  world,  but  employs  the  finest  cuttere  and  most  skillful  workmen.    The 
firm  wliieh  was  established  in  1886,  has  been  a  success  frotn  the  outset  because  of  its  strict  adherence  to  this  policy  which  pleases  its  trade, 
.insures  a  permanent  customer  in  every  one  who  has  the  good  fortune  to  employ  its  services.    Not  only  does  this  house  fill  the  orders  given  by 
New  Yorkers,  but  extends  a  rare  opportunity  to  many  parts  of  the  United  States  where  agents  receive  orders,  send  them  to  the  house  and  have 
tliem  as  satisfactorily  filled  as  though  a  personal  call  had  been  male  at  the    establishment.    Fit,  style,  material  and  work  are  all  that  the 
most  fastidious  can  ask  and  the  advantages  which  the  firm  thus  offer  to  those  who  have  no  first-class  merchant  tailors  at  home  are  too 
apparent  to  require  comment.    Scores  have  availed  themselves  of  it  and  the  patronage  of  a  deserving  house  has  been  correspondingly  in- 
creased.   The  gentlemen  comprising  this  enterprising  firm  are  .\.  C.  Van  Tine,  Paul  Williams  and  George  E.  Fade,  the  latter  having  become  a 
special  partner  January  1,  1887.    All  are  experienced  business  men,  in  the  prime  of  life,  shrewd,  active,  pushing  and  thoroughly  honorable 
in  all  their  dealings.    The  senior  member  is  a  resident  of  Brooklyn,  the  others  of  this  city.    They  have  a  flue  and  attractive  store  room, 
25  X  80  feet,  filled  with  the  choicest  goods  in  their  line. 

PHARTMANN,  Gold  and  Silversmith,  No.  36  Maiden  Lane.— Among  the  popular  and  reliable  houses 
engaged  in  a  special  line  of  this  trade  in  New  York  City,  well  worthy  of  more  than  passing  mention  in 
these  pages  is  that  of  Mr.  P.  Hartmann,  gold  and  silversmith,  and  whose  productions  especially  in 
•  gold  and  silver  filigree  are  in  steady  and  growing  demand.  Mr.  Hartmann,  who  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, and  a  resident  of  this  city  since  1840.  is  a  thoroughly  experienced  and  practical  man  in  all 
branches  of  his  trade,  and  established  himself  in  this  business  on  his  own  account  in  18.53,  and  his  trade,  which 
is  principally  wholesale,  extends  through  the  whole  Union.  The  premises  utilized  for  the  business  are  of 
ample  dimensions  and  comprise  a  finely  appointed  office  and  salesroom  with  workshop  attached,  the  latter 
being  fully  equipped  with  all  necessary  tools  and  appliances,  while  a  sufficient  force  of  skilled  and  exper- 
ienced workmen  are  given  constant  employment.  He  manufactures  all  kinds  of  gold  and  silver  filigree 
jewelry,  in  all  the  very  latest  and  most  popular  designs,  and  when  desired  new  and  original  designs  are 
created  and  submitted.  In  his  office  will  be  found  at  all  times  a  fine  assortment  of  these  goods,  of  his  own 
<iesigns  and  manufacture,  also  importing  goods  of  the  same  character,  all'of  unsurpassed  designs,  material 
and  workmanship,  and  are  offered  to  the  trade  at  the  lowest  prices.  Mr.  Hartman  is  also  the  inventor  of  an 
inkstand  which  he  patented  and  manufactures  in  large  quantities:  it  possesses  superior  advantages  over  all 
previously  in  the  market;  it  is  constructed  so  that  the  ink  while  in  the  stand  is  and  remains  air  tight,  pi-event- 
'ing  the  evaporation  and  spoiling  of  the  ink,  which  otherwise  becomes  lumpy  and  thick.  It  supplies  the  cen- 
tral ink,  clear,  limpid  and  in  even  quantities  as  wanted  upon  the  pen,  and  it  is  the  best  article  of  the  kind  in 
the  market. 


288  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

STEPHEN  S.  CLARK,  Export  Commission,  No.  58  Water  Street.— The  development  of  the  commerce  of  New  York  is  upon  a  scale  of  the 
greatest  magnitude;  every  phase  of  business  is  here  represented  by  talented  merchants  possessed  of  ample  resources  and  abundant 
experience,  and  prominent  among  the  number  stands  Mr,  Stephen  S.  Clark,  the  well-known  commission  merchant  and  export  agent 
for  Dold's  unrivaled  hams,  bacon  and  lard,  at  No.  58  Water  Street.  This  gentleman  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  experienced  merchants 
in  his  line,  and  possesses  qualifications  that  fit  him  in  an  eminent  degree  to  meet  every  exigency  of  a  large  and  important  foreign 
trade.  The  business  was  established  in  1858  by  Messrs.  Hyatt  &ClarkJand  in  1886  l\Ir.  Clark  succeeded  to  the  sole  control.  He  handles  Grain, 
Hams,  Lard,  Bacon,  Cheese  and  general  produce  for  export  to  Europe,  South  America,  Mexico  and  other  foreign  ports,  and  is  specially  prom- 
inent as  agent  for  Dold's  Packing  Company,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  whose  liams;  bacon  and  lard  are  a  specialty  with  this  house.  3Ir.  Clark 
devotes  his  close  personal  attention  to  the  prompt  filling  of  all  orders,  and  the  demands  of  the  trade  in  foreign  countries  for  the  purest  and 
best  of  every  grade  have  rarely,  if  ever,  been  so  fully  and  satisfactorily  met  as  by  him,  whose  laudable  ambition  to  excel  has  been  generally 
recognized.  By  maintaining  a  very  high  standard  in  his  exports,  Mr.  Clark  is  materially  contributing  to  retain  to  New  York  the  pre-emi- 
nence in  this  branch  of  trade.  He  operates  a  branch  office  in  Baltimore,  and  is  in  receipt  of  consignments  of  grain  and  produce  from  the 
best  producing  regions  of  the  country,  which  are  promptly  disposed  of  and  acknowledged.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  native  New  Yorker  and  has  been 
engaged  in  this  business  since  attaining  his  majority.  He  served  in  the  late  war  as  a  member  of  the  famous  Seventh  New  York,  and  was  on 
duty  in  this  city  during  the  draft  riots  of  1862.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Produce  Exchange  for  a  period  of  thirty-five  years,  and  is 
highly  esteemed  in  mercantile  circles  for  his  equitable  and  enterprising  methods;  while  the  large  volume  of  his  business  affords  the  best 
criterion  of  his  claim  to  a  continuance  of  the  influential  support  accorded  him. 

VILLL\MSBURGH  CITY  FIRE  INSURANCE  CO.  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Offices,  Corner  Broadway  and  First  Street,  E.  D.,  and  No. 
211  Montague  Street,  W.  D.,  Brooklyn;  No.  150  Broadway.— Among  the  representative  American  institutions  placing  risks  on 
property  there  are  none  more  worthy  of  note  in  this  connection  than  the  solid  and  substantial  Williamsburgh  City  Fire  Insur- 
ance Co.  of  Brooklyn,  whose  New  York  office  is  located  at  No.  150  Broadway.  Organized  in  1H53,  the  history  of  this  widelj"  and 
favorably  known  company  has  during  the  entire  period  since  intervening  been  a  career  of  uninterrupted  prosperity.  The  thirty- 
eight  years  just  past  have  been  marked  by  many  destructive  fires,  notably  those  of  Chicago  and  Boston,  but  this  stanch  and  successful 
association  has  been  able  from  its  surplus  reserve  to  pay  its  losses  without  making  assessments  on  its  stockholders.  It  has  paid  in  losses  to 
January  1,  1891,  the  sum  of  $6,143,2-20..31,  and  in  dividends  to  stockholders  the  sum  of  $1,202,500.00,  being  588  per  cent,  or  at  the  rate  of  16  per 
cent,  per  annum.  The  Williamsburgh  City  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  on  March  23, 1883  completed  the  thirty  years  for  which  its  charter  was  granted. 
Prior  to  the  date  of  expiration  application  was  made  for  a  renewal  of  the  charter  for  thirty  years,  and,  as  a  preliminary  an  examination  was 
made  by  the  Hon.  John  A.  McCall,  Jr.,  deputy  superintendent  of  the  insurance  department  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  upon  his  report  a 
new  charter  was  given  extending  the  corporate  existence  of  the  company  thirtj^  years.  All  its  policies  are  issued  under  provisions  of  the 
Safety  Fund  Law  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  every  contract  written  in  this  stanch  and  responsible  institution,  conditions  complied  with 
is  as  good  for  its  face  value  as  a  treasury  note,  and  assuredly  as  judicious  an  investment  as  a  man  can  make.  The  home  offices  of  the  com- 
pany are  at  corner  Broadway  and  First  Street,  Brooklyn,  E.  D.,  and  another  office  is  maintained  also  at  No.  211  Montague  Street,  in  the 
western  district,  while  the  institution  is  represented  in  all  cities  and  towns,  througliout  the  country.  The  officers  of  the  Williamsburgh  City 
Fire  Insurance  Co.,  are  Marshall  H.  Driggs,  president;  F.  H.  Way,  secretary;  A.  W.  Giroux,  assistant  secretary;  W.  H.  Brown,  assistant  sec- 
retary, and  Jesse  Watson,  genera!  agent,  all  gentlemen  of  standing  in  the  community  and  men  of  energy  and  sagacity,  well  known  and 
esteemed  in  insurance  and  commercial  circles.  Following  is  an  abstract  of  statement  of  condition  of  the  affairs  of  the  company,  dated 
January  1,  1891:  capital.  $250,000;  reserved  for  re-insurance,  etc.,  $520,393.21;  net  surplus,  $680,461.54;  total  $1,450,854.75. 

PT^MERIC.VN  INYEST.MENT  UNION,  No.  280  Broadway.— There  are  all  times  people  seeking  to  invest  capital  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
13  insure  to  them  the  utmost  element  of  safety  combined  with  a  reasonable  rate  of  income.  The  field  for  daring,  hazardous  venture 
/  I  always  exhibits  a  restless  throng,  making  haste  to  be  rich,  while  the  field  of  legitimate  investment  is  a  less  crowded  one,  but  beyond 
/  '*■  any  question  one  in  which  more  satisfying  results  are  seasonably  secured.  Among  those  corporations  in  New  York  who  make  the 
want  of  the  conservative  investor  their  study  is  the  American  Investment  Union.  The  organizers  of  the  Union  realized  that  there 
was  a  large  amount  of  savings  in  the  hands  of  the  people  that  would  naturally  seek  the  avenue  of  real  estate  investment,  were  it  not  that, 
for  the  successful  carrying  out  of  such  investments  there  is  demanded  a  larger  sum  than  any  one  of  the  persons  holding  these  savings  could 
possess  at  one  time.  The  thought  occurred  to  them,  therefore,  to  organize  a  company  that  would  collect  these  savings,  and  invest  the 
aggregate  sum  in  real  estate— the  foundation  of  all  values— and  improve  the  same,  dividing  the  profits  among  the  shareholders.  Thus  the 
advantages  of  large  masses  of  capital,  necessary  for  investment  in  real  estate,  might  be  brought  to  each  small  capitalist  throughout 
the  country,  and  an  avenue  of  profit  brought  to  them  from  which  they  would  be  otherwise  barred.  Experience  showed  them  that  in  every 
city  and  lai-ge  town  in  the  country  there  is,  taking  a  sufficient  term  of  years  for  observation,  a  certain  increase  in  the  value  of  real  estate. 
This  increase  comes  to  the  man  who  holds  the  property  over  a  period  sufficient  for  its  realization.  The  trouble  with  small  investors,  who 
purchase  on  a  basis  of  payments  distributed  over  a  considerable  length  of  time,  is  that  they  have  not  the  capital  to  carry  their  investments 
over  the  rough  places.— the  times  of  depression  and  money  stringency,- which  are  sure  to  come;  and  thus  they  are  forced  to  give  it  up  in 
too  many  cases  before  the  time  that  would  yield  them  profit  from  the  natural  increase  of  values.  All  this  it  is  possible  to  avoid  in  an 
institution,  which,  like  the  Union,  has  a  steady  income,  and  is  able  to  hold  and  improve  and  protect  its  property.  By  this  means,  the  man 
whose  investment  amounts  to  but  $100  per  year,  has  the  "  staying "'  qualities  of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  of  accumulated  capital 
that  his  company  represents,  and  he  is  thus  as  well  assured  of  his  share  of  the  profit  due  to  his  small  investment  as  is  the  millionaire  of  the 
profit  that  will  accrue  to  his  millions.  The  success  of  the  Union  has  been  marked,  and  the  character  of  the  investments  made  has  been 
such  as  to  prove  the  business-like  methods  that  have  controlled  its  affairs.  After  three  years'  experience  the  Union  has  assets  of  nearly  a 
half  million  dollars  and  a  surplus  of  over  $1.50,000,  in  addition  to  its  paid  up  capital  of  $100,000.  The  Union  confines  its  investments  to  busi- 
ness and  residence  proi)erty  in  and  near  tlie  large  cities.  It  has  now  large  holdings  of  real  estate  in  New  York  and  in  San  Francisco,  and  it 
will  invest  in  the  other  cities  of  tlie  country  where  its  shares  are  being  taken  as  fast  as  the  funds  received  therefrom  will  admit.  The  Union 
is  following  established  lines  in  its  business  and  is  doing  what  has  been  done  again  and  again  by  capitalists.  Its  only  new  feature  is  a 
method  of  business  which  brings  within  the  reach  of  small  investors  the  large  profits  that  have  heretofore  been  secured  by  a  privileged  few. 
The  ability  to  make  investments  in  different  cities  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances  gives  the  Union  advantages  that  few  individuals 
possess.  The  preferred  shares  of  the  Union  which  are  sold  upon  inst-allment  payments  afford  an  accumulating  investment  for  small  suras 
and  when  paid  up  secure  a  life  income  to  their  owner.  They  are  guaranteed  both  principal  and  interest  of  6  per  cent,  and  they  share  in  the 
additional  profits  from  investments  which  have  given  them  dividends  averaging  17  per  cent,  annually.  The  following  are  the  principal 
officers  and  managers:  Andrew  S.  Brownell,  president.  Frank  C.  Havens,  Edwin  K.  Martin,  vice-presidents,  Charles  R.  King,  secretary,  Wm. 
H.  Lyon,  Jr.,  A.  S.  Barney,  assistant  secretaries.  Principal  offices:  Stewart  Building,  280  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. ;  Boston,  103  Milk 
Street;  Providence,  81  Westminster  Street;  Baltimore,  Bank  of  Baltimore  Building;  Detroit,  Hammond  Building;  Indianapolis,  30  Thorpe 
Block;  Chicago,  Chamber  of  Commerce;  St.  Louis,  Bank  of  Commerce  Building;  San  Francisco,  First  National  Cank  Building.  If  safety 
and  not  hazard,  prudence  and  not  recklessness,  fair  income  rather  than  greedy  uncertain  gain,  legitimate  properties  and  not  speculative 
schemes  are  desired  by  the  investor,  let  them  consider  the  many  advantages  oflfered  by  the  American  Investment  Union. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  289 

EB.  STIMPriON  &  SON,  Manufacturers  of  Shoe  Upper  Machinery.  No.  31 
Spruce  Street.— The  enterprise  of  the  house  of  E.  B.  Stimpson  &  Son.  of 
this  city,  in  perfecting  machinery  for  tlie  manufacture  of  shoe  uppers' 
•  has  been  particularly  efficacious,  and  has  resulted  in  the  invention  and 
improvement  of  superior  mechanism  that  is  in  great  demand  by  the  trade 
throughout  the  entire  United  States.  The  business  of  this  widely  known  estaUlisl: 
ment  was  founded  about  1855  by  Mr.  E.  B.  Stimp- 
son, a  native  of  England  and  a  skilled  mechanician' 
and  was  successfully  conducted  by  him  up  to  the 
year  of  his  death — 18SS— when  he  was  succeeded  by 
his  son,  Mr.  E.  B.  Stimpson,  Jr.,  who  had  been 
brought  up  to  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  indus- 
try, and  was  amply  qualified  to  assume  control  of 
affairs.  The  premises  occupied  consist  of  foin- 
floors,  each  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  ami 
equipped  with  steam-power  machinery  and  all  ap 
pliances  requisite  for  the  successful  operation  of 
the  industry,  and  employment  is  found  for  a  force 
of  forty  skilled  hands.  The  products  include  all  kinds  of  machines  for  cutiut;;  and  making  sliof  uppers,  embracing  toe  oaji  pu -s>t's  and  dies, 
pinking  and  perforating  machines,  etc.,  for  operation  by  hant!,  foot,  or  steam-power.  The  goods  are  unrivaled  for  workmanshij-.  finish, 
durability,  utility,  and  general  excellence,  and  have  never  failed  to  give  the  best  of  satisfaction  wherever  used,  and  parties  int^erested  living 
abroad  shoulil  inform  themselves  thoroughly  with  reference  to  the  mechanism  to  be  found  here,  before  resorting  to  old,  cumbersome,  and 
slow-operating  apparatus.  Mr.  Stimpson  is  a  native  of  New  York,  is  a  business  man  of  ability  and  mature  experience,  and  all  orders  sent 
his  house  receive  his  personal  attention. 

GOUGE  HEATING  AND  VENTILATING  COMPANY,  No.  47  Beekman  Street— The  most  successful  method  of  ventilating  dwellings, 
schools,  churches  and  public  buildings  of  all  kinds  is  that  invented  and  introduced  by  the  Gouge  Heating  and  Ventilating  Company, 
whose  headquarters  are  located  at  No.  4T  Beekman  Street.  This  company  also  manufacture  a  new  device  for  warming  and  ventilat- 
ing railway  passenger  cars,  and  supply  heating  apparatus,  when  desired,  in  all  cases  when  connected  with  ventilation.  The  Gouge 
system  of  ventilation  was  introduced  in  iStK),  by  Mr.  Henry  A.  Gouge,  who  is  the  moving  spirit  of  the  present  company,  and  widely 
known  and  honored  as  an  expert  ventilating  and  healing  engineer.  This  company  does  not  propose  simply  to  put  up  certain  ventilating 
apparatus  nor  to  introduce  such  flues,  etc.,  as  ought,  theoretically,  to  create  the  desired  movement  of  air;  nor  merely  to  remove,  in  a  gen- 
eral way.  such  impurity  or  closeness  of  air  as  may  be  noticed  by  the  senses.  All  such  things  as  these  are  matters  of  opinion,  often  of  conten- 
tion. On  the  contrary,  the  definite  thing  which  this  company  in  all  cases  contract  to  do  is  to  exhaust  (and  replace)  any  prescribed  volume 
of  air  per  minute,  whether  50.  5,000  or  500,000  cubic  feet,  at  the  outlet  of  each  room,  replacing  the  same  continuously  with  the  like  quantity  of 
fresh  air,  warm  or  cool  to  suit  the  season,  and  delivering  the  result  by  measure  as  indisputable  as  that  of  the  yard-stick  or  bushel.  This,  and 
this  alone,  is  what  the  management  means  by  ventilation.  The  motive  power  is  furnished  by  an  ordinary  argand  gas  burner,  operating 
through  a  peculiar  form  of  flue,  so  constructed  as  to  use  the  well-known  power  of  flame  as  an  inductive  force,  entraining,  through  precisely 
adjusted  orifices,  copious  currents  of  air.  such  as  are  perceived  when  a  flame  is  started  with  paper,  straw  or  shavings  at  the  draft  throat  of 
any  well-constructed  chimney  or  stove.  The  peculiar  discovery  which  lies  at  the  bottom  of  this  systam  is  the  wonderful  capacity  of  a  small 
flame  to  entrain  copious  and  rapid  currents  of  air  through  the  special  adjustment  of  compression,  induction  and  expansion,  invented  by  Mr. 
Gouge.  No  less  than  fifteen  years  were  spent  by  liim  in  perfecting  the  adaptations,  proportions,  etc..  that  now  enable  the  company  to  con- 
struct a  ventilating  system  certain  to  exhaust  and  replace  the  exact  volume  of  air  per  minute  required,  in  any  room  or  any  building,  large  or 
small.  It  is  most  remarkable  that  the  draft  power  developed  by  a  small  flame  through  the  apparatus  invented  by  Mr.  Gouge  increases  with 
every  induction,  orifice  opened,  so  far  as  the  experiment  has  been  carried  in  ventilating  large  office  buildings.  The  first  cost  of  the  appara- 
tus is  substantially  the  last.  Ample,  uniform  and  eert-ain  ventilation  goes  on  thenceforward  day  and  night,  at  a  nominal  cost  for  gas. 
Charges  for  professional  time,  materials  and  workmanship  are  uniform,  sufficient  to  pay  for  the  best  service  and  not  exorbitant  for  the  out- 
lay made  and  the  results  accomplished.  Testimonials  by  the  hundred  are  on  file,  and  form  the  company's  best  possible  recommendation,  its 
only  needetl  endorsement,  Mr.  Gouge,  the  inventor,  is  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  enjoys  a  national  reputation  as  an  accomplished  engi- 
neer, endowed  with  a  genius  for  invention  and  the  perseverance  to  surmount  every  obstacle  in  promoting  the  interests  of  science  and  the 
welfare  of  society. 

THE  GOODYEAR  VULCANITE  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  HartI  Rubber.  Oombs,  Ifruggists'  Sundries,  Sheets.  Rods.  Tubing,  Telegraph 
and  Telephone  Supplies,  Etc..  No.  353  Broadway.— There  is  not.  perhaps,  within  the  entire  domain  of  the  arts  and  manufactures  any 
line  in  which  more  progress  has  been  made  of  late  years  in  this  country  than  the  rubber  goods  industry.  And  these  remarks  apply 
especially  to  such  articles  as  druggists'  sundries,  toilet  specialties  and  kindred  productions,  in  which  a  high  degree  of  perfection  has 
been  attained  by  some  of  our  leading  concerns  in  this  particular  branch  of  industrial  activity,  notably  the  Goodyear  Vulcanite  Co., 
whose  office  and  salesrooms  are  at  No.  SoS  Broadway,  with  factory  at  3Iorrisville,  Bucks  County,  Pa.  They  are  manufacturers  of  hard  rub- 
ber combs,  hair  pins,  syringes,  pessaries,  suppositories,  etc.,  also  sheets,  rods,  tubing,  telegraph  and  telephone  supplies,  etc.,  and  have  an 
exceedingly  large  trade,  their  goods,  which  are  maintained  at  a  uniformly  high  standard,  commanding  an  immense  sale  throughout  the 
United  States.  The  total  annual  sales  reach  the  handsome  sum  of  SliOOO.OOO,  and  the  volume  of  business  affords  evidence  of  steady  and  sub- 
stantial increase.  This  flourishing  enterprise,  of  which  S.  S.  Sounbom  is  president,  and  M.  Dittenhofer  secretary,  was  organized  some  five 
years  ago,  when  the  company  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  witli  a  capital  of  $100,000;  and  the  signal  success 
that  has  attendetl  it  from  the  start  abundantly  attests  the  wisdom  that  inspired  the  venture,  to  say  nothing  of  the  superiority  of  the  produc- 
tions. The  factory  is  an  extensive  and  perfectly  equipped  plant,  and  employment  is  there  given  to  upwards  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  hands. 
The  quarters  occupied  on  the  second  floor  of  No.  35:3  Broadway  are  spacious,  commodious  and  excellently  appointed,  ami  an  efficient  staff  of 
clerks  and  salesmen  are  here  employed,  in  addition  to  fifteen  representatives  on  the  road.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  of  goods  is  con- 
stantly carried  in  stock,  including  handsome  and  serviceable  coml>s.  in  a  great  variety  of  sizes,  shapes,  styles  and  designs,  novelties  in  hair 
pins  and  other  small  wares,  a  complete  line  of  the  justly  famed  "  Monarch  "  syringes,  suppositories,  pessaries,  coustic  holders,  funnels, 
specula,  druggists'  sc<x)ps,  etc.,  also  a  multifarious  collection  of  telegraph  and  telephone  supplies,  sheets,  tubing,  rods,  etc.  All  orders  are 
flUed  in  the  most  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner,  and  rock-bottom  prices  are  quoted,  exceptionally  liberal  inducements  being  offered  tc 
the  trade. 


.^90  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

EMILLEN  &  CO.,  Shirt  Manufacturers.  No.  113  Greene  Street.— One  of  the  most  extensive  shirt  manufacturers  in  New  York  is  the 
well-known  and  responsible  liouse  of  Messrs.  E.  Millen  &  Co.,  located  in  this  city  at  No.  113  Greene  Street,  who,  for  a  number  of 
years  past,  have  controlled  a  trade  r-eaching  to  various  sections  of  the  United  States  among  large  dry  goods  houses,  gentlemen's  out- 
•  fitters,  and  other  patrons  of  the  same  representative  class.  The  business  was  established  many  years  ago  by  Mr.  Ednumd  Millen. 
who  was  succeeded  V^y  the  present  proprietors  in  18>S0,  they  being  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Aikenhead  and  Mr.  E.  Millen;  and  in  order  to  cojie 
with  the  pressing  demand  which  is  now  experienced  for  the  firm's  high  quality  shirts,  three  extensive  factories  are  maintiiined.  one  at  Middle- 
town.  N.  Y.,  one  at  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.,  and  one  at  B-rlin.  X.  Y..  the  size  and  general  equipinentof  the  whole  being  in  true  accord  with  tlie  force  of 
help  employed— two  hundred  and  fifty  in  all.  Two  traveling  salesmen  are  constantly  out  in  various  sections  of  the  country,  and  by  their  efforts 
materially  increase  the  heavy  volume  of  orders  which  reach  the  house  every  day  throughout  the  year.  The  best  fabrics  alone  are  used,  skilled 
labor  employed  and  the  t)est  known  proces.ses  of  manufacture  adopted ;  and  to  ensui-e  an  uniform  continuance  of  these,  the  proprietors  devote 
the  whole  of  their  time  and  attention  to  evi-ry  detail  of  the  business.  Tlie  worthy  senior,  Mr.  Aikenhead.  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  while  his 
partner,  Mr.  Millen,  is  of  English  birth;  both  gentlemen  being  held  in  the  highest  esteem  in  both  business  and  social  circles. 

HINGSTON  &  HAYS.  Manufacturers  of  Show  Cases.  Nos.  3^  and  41  W.  Broadway.— There  is.  perhaps,  no  firm  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  show  cases  in  the  metropolis  which  is  more  widely  or  more  favorably  known  than  that  of  Hingston  &  Hays.  No.  39  and  41 
W.  Broadway.  The  coin;ern  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  foremost  in  the  line  indicated  in  New  York,  and  has  an  extensive  business 
connection,  its  productions  not  oidy  commanding  a  large  sale  throughout  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  but  are  exported  quite  con 
siderably  also  to  South  America  and  Australia.  The  woi'k  turned  out  is  of  a  distinctly  meritorious  character,  being  noted  for  beauty 
of  design,  elegance  of  finish,  ingenuity  of  construction  and  general  excellence;  and  every  article  leaving  this  establishment  is  warranted  as 
to  make  and  material.  This  prosperous  business  was  established  in  18.58  by  the  Stein  Manufacturing  Company,  who  were  succeeded  some 
years  later  by  Farley  &  Hofman,  who  were  in  turn  succeeded  by  F.  A,  Brautigam  &  Co.,  under  which  firm  name  it  was  conducted  up  to 
September  1800,  when  the  present  co-partnership  was  formed.  The  premises  occujiied  are  commodious,  ample,  and  well  equipped,  and  an 
efficient  staff  is  employed  in  the  sales  department,  in  addition  to  a  larger  number  of  expert  workmen  in  tlie  shop,  while  a  large  and  splen- 
did assortment  is  always  kept  on  hand  here.  The  stock  includes  besides  handsome  and  serviceable  showcases  in  every  size,  shape,  style 
and  variety,  also  combination  money-drawers,  patent  display  racks,  iron  legs  and  metal  standards;  and  all  orders,  wholesale  or  retail,  are 
attended  to  in  the  most  prompt  and  reliable  manner,  while  the  prices  quoted  are  exceptionally  low.  workmanship  and  material  considered, 
the  most  liberal  inducements  being  offered  to  tlie  trade.  Messrs,  Samuel  E.  Hingston  and  Isiiac  S.  Hays,  the  proprietors,  are  gentlemen  in 
the  prime  of  life  and  natives  of  Rochester.  N.  Y..  but  residents  of  this  city  for  quite  some  time.  Both  are  men  of  thorough  experience,  as 
well  as  of  push  and  energy,  and  prior  to  assuming  control  of  the  business  had  been  with  the  old  firm  for  several  years. 

■jr  Tf  ESSRS.  E.  &  I..  H.  &  S.  ROSENWALD  &  BROTHER.  Dealers.  Inip<.rters  and  Exporters  of  Leaf  Tobacco,  No.  145  Water  Street.— 
I\[\       The  eminent  and  prosperous  firm  of  E.  &  I..  H.  &  S.  Rosenwald  &  Brother,  which  has  the  name  for  being  the  wealthiest  liouse 
/        1      concerned  in  the  handling  of  leaf  tobacco,  as  dealers,  importers,  and  exporters,  in  this  city,  is  also  one  that  can  claim  about  the 
"^      -A-    widest  ramifications,  its  commercial  connections  linking  it  with  all  quarters  of  the  civilized  world.     The  enterprise  was  inaugu- 
rated thirty-seven  years  ago,  and  the  trained  technical  knowledge,  long  and  ripe  experience,  and  skilled  judgment  of  the  princi- 
pals secure  to  the  firm  exceptional  facilities  for  the  purchase  of  high  grade  leaf  at  favorable  prices,  while  the  known  integrity  of  the  house, 
together  with  the  liberality  shown  in  sharing  its  advantages  with  patrons,  has  won  for  it  a  most  commanding  trade  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  also  in  Europe,  to  which  its  exports  are  on  a  large  scale.     For  the  purposes  of  the  business  a  handsome  building  of  five  stories, 
each  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  is  occupied  at  No.  145  Water  Street,  and  the  immense  stock  there  carried  enables  the  house  to  respond 
promptly  to  the  heavy  demands  made  upon  it  from  time  to  time,  for  large  consignments.    The  business  is  conducted  in  a  methodical 
manner  worthy  of  its  time-honored  age  and  Influential  connections,  four  well-tramed  clerks  being  regularly  employed,  and  all  inquiries  and 
orders  meeting  with  early,  courteous,  and  accurate  attention.     The  proprietors.  Mr.  E.  Rosenwald,  Mr.  I.  Rosenwald.  and  Messrs.  H.  and  S. 
Rosenwald.  are  gentlemen  of  advanced  age.  and  the  latter,  who  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  is  also  a  director  of  the  South  National 
Bank.    Both  gentleman  rank  among  the  most  prominent  mercJiants  of  the  city. 

PHILETUS  SMITH,  JR..  Millers'  Agent,  Choice  Grades  of  Flour.  Nos.  15  to  35  Whitehall  Street,  Kemble  Building.— As  a  millers'  agent, 
Mr.  Philetus  Smith.  Jr.,  ranks  among  the  most  prominent  representatives  of  the  large  milling  companies.  He  entered  the  house  of 
which  he  is  now  the  sole  representative,  as  a  clerk,  thus  passing  through  his  hands  most  of  the  more  important  transactions  of  the 
firm  from  the  date  of  its  initiation  in  the  year  1870,  and  gaining  the  acquaintance  and  respect  of  many  of  the  largest  purchasers  of 
flour  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  His  firm  was  originally  Partridge  Wells  <t  Co.,  and  so  remained  until  1880,  when  the  trading  title 
became  Partridge  &  Smith,  by  the  admission  to  partnership  of  Mr.  Philetus  Smith.  During  all  the  time  the  latter  gentleman  was  a  very  real 
force  in  the  house,  and  had  much  to  do  with  its  successful  guidance,  until  in  1884  it  passed  into  his  complete  control.  The  firm  makes  a 
specialty  of  handling  the  choice  grades  of  flour  of  the  Sparks  Milling  Company,  of  Alton.  III.,  it  having  the  agency  for  that  company  for 
New  York  and  New  Jersey,  its  transactions  in  the  two  cities  reaching  an  enormous  volume.  The  popularity  which  it  has  among  buyers  may 
be  ascribetl  in  large  measure  to  the  choice  quality  of  the  goods  supplied,  but  not  one  whit  less  so  as  to  the  care  shown  in  interpreting  patrons' 
desires,  and  meeting  them  at  all  times  in  a  spirit  of  bona  fide  business  integrity.  Mr.  Smith,  whose  experience  in  this  trade  antedates  the 
foundation  of  his  present  enterprise  in  1870  by  seven  years,  has  been  a  member  of  the  Produce  Exchange  for  twenty  years,  and  is  regarded 
by  fellow  members  as  well  as  by  buyers  as  exceptionally  well  posted  in  the  line,  and  keenly  alive  to  all  the  requirements  of  the  times.  The 
premises  occupied  for  the  business  are  on  the  fourth  floor  of  Kemble  Building.  Nos.  15  to  25  Whitehall  Street,  and  the  methodical  arrange- 
ments there  prevailing  facilitate  the  prompt  and  exact  filling  of  all  orders.  The  principal  is  a  gentleman  fifty -one  years  of  age.  and  is  prom- 
inent in  the  business  world. 

rrnrBR-^M  S.  SMITH  &  CO..  Commission  Merchants  in  Hides.  Skins.  Wool,  and  General  Merchandise.  Nos.  T,  8.  9,  10  and  11   Brooklyn 

fjj      Bridge,  Frankfort  Street. — There  are  pr<il}ably  no  more   substantial  and  absolutely  fire-proof  warehouses  in  the  city  than  those 

/    I      constructed  in  the  arches  of  the  Lirooktyn  bridge,  on  Frankfort  Street.     Five  of  them,  Nos.  7,  8.  9,  10  and  11  are  occupiedby  Messrs. 

/  Abram  S.  Smith  &  Co..  commission  merchants  in  hides,  skins,  wool  and  general  merchandise.    Each  store  is  30  x  75  feet  in  dimensions 

and  has  four  floors,  the  greater  portion  of  the  space  being  devoted  to  storage  purposes.     The  firm  have  ten  persons  in  their  employ, 

carry  a  large  stock  of  merchandise,  and  do  an  extensive  and  successful  business.    The  history  of  this  house  dates  back  to  1875,  when  the 

firm  of  McLean  &  Smith  was  formed.    Mr.  A.  S.  Smith  had  previously  been  with  S.  B.  Hunt  for  a  year,  and  with  Richard  &  Andrews  for  six 

years  as  clerk  and  partner.    The  firm  of  McLean  &  Smith  was  dissolved  at  the  end  of  two  years,  and  in  1879  Mr.  Smith,  with  T.  W.  Fawcett 

and  Eilinund  D.  Robinson,  organized  the  firm  of  Smith.  Fawcett&  Co.    Mr.  Fawcett  retired  in  188-3,  and  the  finii  style  became  as  at  present. 

M  r.  Robinson  is  a  son  of  E.  A.  Robinson,  an  old  leather  merchant  of  Albany,  in  which  city  Mr.  Smith  was  born.    The  partners  were  clerks  in 

the  same  store  there  in  1864,  and  their  business  education  and  experience  have  been  of  the  most  thorough  description. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  291 

CLARENCE  E.  WINTERTOX,  Fruit  and  Produce  Commission  Merchant,  Poultry,  Game,  Calves.  Etc.,  No.  95  Park  Place.— The  import- 
ance of  New  York  as  a  great  wholesale  center  for  the  produce  commission  trade  is  forcibly  illustrated  by  a  review  of  several  of  the 
leading  concerns  engaged  in  business  here,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  that  of  Mr.  Clarence  E.  Winterton,  located  at  No.  95 
Park  Place.  This  business  was  established  in  1883  by  Messrs.  Winterton  Brothers;  one  brother  retired  in  ISST,  and  Mr.  C.  E.  Winterton 
is  now  sole  propric-tor.  The  premises  occupied  comprise  five  floors,  2.5  x  70  feet  in  dimensions,  finely  fitted  up  with  everythmg  neces- 
sary for  the  proper  preservation  of  the  large  stock  handled.  Blr.  Winterton  brings  to  bear  every  possible  qualification,  including  perfected 
facilities,  wide-spread  infiuential  connections,  and  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  wants  of  the  trade.  A  gener-al  commission  business  i.s  trans- 
acted, he  being  a  regular  receiver  of  large  consignments  from  prominent  growers,  packers  and  shippers,  havuig  the  best  of  facihties  for 
the  disposal  of  all  choice  growths  of  fruit,  including  apples,  peai*s,  grapes,  cranberries,  cherries,  strawberries.  raspl>erries,  etc.,  and 
every  kind  of  foreign  and  domestic  fruit.  He  also  r.-ceives  poultry,  game,  calves,  etc.  All  goods  are  quickly  disposed  of  at  the 
best  advantage  and  returns  are  promptly  made.  The  trade  extends  to  al!  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  house  is  always  ready  to  fill  the 
largest  wholesale  orders.  The  house  has  ever  retained  the  confidence  of  leading  commercial  circles  and  has  pursued  a  policj-  of  equity  and 
honor,  maintaining  a  leading  position  for  enterprise  and  energy,  and  has  ever  been  and  is  now  more  than  ever,  a  vitally  important  factor  in 
the  promotion  of  the  produce  trade  of  the  metropolis. 

PALEN.  NELSON  &  CO.,  Sole  and  Upper  Leather  for  Export,  No.  87  Gold  Street  and  No.  135  Summer  Street.  Boston.— The  business  of 
Messrs.  Palen,  Nelson  &  Co.,  dealers  and  brokers  in  sole  and  upper  leather  for  export,  has  at  its  head  a  gentleman  recognized  as  the 
oldest  representative  of  the  trade,  he  having  been  in  "The  Swamp  "  as  a  dealer  and  broker  in  leather  for  no  less  than  fifty-five  years. 
His  junior  partner,  Mr.  Richard  Nelson,  came  from  Poughkeepsie,  and  joined  the  firm  then  known  as  Palen  &  Noble,  in  1859,  has  remained 
in  the  house  ever  since,  and  gave  his  name  to  its  title  in  1870.  when  the  present  style  was  atlopted.  With  so  lengthy  a  career,  during 
which  the  same  titular  head  has  guided  affairs,  unrivaled  resources  have  been  secured  alike  in  the  buying  and  selling  departments,  the  unex- 
celled opportunities  the  house  has  of  promptly  finding  a  profitable  market  for  sole  and  upper  leather  of  all  kinds  and  grades,  natui-ally  caus- 
ing it  to  be  in  very  strong  request  with  producers,  and  resulting  in  a  trade  with  all  sections  of  the  country.  This  is  transacted  by  correspond- 
ence, and  the  eligible  and  nicely  appointed  oftice  at  No.  87  Gold  Street.  25  x  25  feet  in  size.  Is  one  where  a  staff  of  four  experienced  clerks  are 
ever  kept  busy  in  the  executive  work  entailed  by  the  heavy  demands  made  upon  the  resources  of  the  house,  though  this  would  be  even  greater 
—as  it  applies  to  this  city— were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  the  proprietors  have  an  important  branch  at  No.  135  Summer  Street,  Boston.  Prosper- 
ous during  such  a  long  past,  the  prestige  of  the  firm  is  still  well  sustained,  and  the  esteemed  partners  are  reganled  as  leading  men  in  their 
line,  they  being  popular,  moreover,  in  social  circles  as  well  as  prominent  in  their  trade. 

r^OSEPH  F.  GEISLER,  Chemist,  No.  30  Mercantile  Exchange  Building.— The  vast  aggregation  of  commercial  interests  in  the  great  me- 
— .  I  tropolis  of  America  renders  New  York  the  recognized  headquarters  for  the  members  of  the  profession  of  analytical  and  consulting 
\^  I  chemists,  and  no  one  among  the  number  has  achieved  a  more  representative  position  than  Mr.  Joseph  F.  Geisler,  whose  office 
1  I  and  laboratory  are  located  at  No.  39  Mercantile  Exchange  Building.  Mr.  Geisler  is  a  thorough  master  of  his  profession,  hav- 
ing devoted  many  years  to  close  study,  coupled  with  a  thorough  investigation  of  many  of  the  practical  applications  of  his  science. 
He  is  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Michigan  and  a  member  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association,  the  American  Chemical  Society, 
the  London  Chemical  Society,  Society  of  Chemical  Industry,  etc.  He  has  been  established  in  New  York  City  for  eight  years;  be- 
ing five  years  in  the  Exchange  Building.  He  has  actively  and  successfully  conducted  an  ever  growing  business,  executing  commissions  for 
many  of  our  leading  mercantile  houses,  analyzing  food  and  mercantile  products  of  every  kind.  He  is  a  chemist  for  the  State  Dairy  Com- 
missioners, and  as  a  consulting  chemist  Mr.  Geisler's  skill  and  intimate  practical  knowledge,  renders  him  specially  well  qualified  to  afford 
accurate  and  beneficial  guidance,  and  his  services  are  constantly  being  called  into  requisition  in  the  erection  of  new  works  as  well  as  in  the 
regulation  of  works  already  in  existence.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  member  of  his  profession,  promoting  the  twin  causes  of  science  and  indus- 
try very  materially,  and  by  means  of  his  accurate  analysis  affording  his  patrons  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  constituents  of  any  sub- 
stance submitted  to  his  investigation.  Personally,  Mr.  Geisler  is  universally  popular,  both  in  commercial  and  professional  circles,  and  no 
one  is  better  qualified  to  afford  entire  satisfaction  than  he  in  everything  pertaining  to  his  profession. 

F&  J.  GERBER,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Swiss,  Limburg  and  Sapsago  Cheese.  No.  207  Duane  Street.— One  of  the  most  healthful  and 
nutritious  of  the  staple  food  commodities  is  that  of  cheese,  which  is  made  in  so  many  varieties  and  flavors  and  is  a  prime  article 
of  food  the  world  over.  The  trade  in  cheese  is  an  important  branch  of  commerce,  and  a  valuable  factor  in  the  commercial  fabric. 
•  One  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  houses  in  New  York  engaged  in  this  line  is  that  of  F.  &  J.  Gerber.  No.  2*.)7  Duane  Street, 
between  Washington  and  West  Streets.  Tliis  establishment  was  first  founded  some  thirty  years  ago  by  Messrs.  F.  &  J.  Gerber, 
brothers,  and  carried  on  under  their  joint  management  up  to  1884,  when  Mr.  F.  Gerber  died  and  Mt.  J.  Gerber  has  since  remained  in  the 
sole  control,  retaining,  however,  the  original  firm  name.  The  premises  utilized  for  the  business  comprise  a  building  having  four  floors, 
each  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  appointed  with  every  convenience  for  the  storage  and  handling  of  stock.  Mr.  Gerber  deals  at  whole- 
sale only  and  handles  foreign  and  domestic  cheese  of  every  variety,  making  a  leading  specialty  of  Swiss,  Limburg  and  Sapsago  cheese.  He  is 
a  direct  importer,  deals  in  only  the  choicest  goods,  and  at  all  times  carries  on  hand  a  very  large,  superior  stock.  The  trade  supplied  is 
extensive,  influential  and  permanent,  and  reaches  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  Orders  are  given  immediate  attention  and  the  lowest 
prices  are  always  quoted  by  this  reliable  house.  Mr.  Gerber.  though  a  native  of  Switzerland,  has  resided  in  the  United  States  the  past  forty 
years.  Liberality  and  a  system  of  fair  dealing  have  ever  characterized  his  transactions  and  the  success  which  has  attended  his  establish- 
ment has  been  as  well  earned  as  it  is  richly  merited. 

PARKER.  STEARNS  &  MACKINTOSH.  Steam  Book  and  Job  Printers,  No.  104  Fulton  Street.— For  superior  quality  of  work  in  theh- 
(particular  line  or  the  promptness  and  reliability  with  which  all  orders  are  filled,  no  one.  doing  a  like  business  in  this  part  of  the  city 
enjoys  a  more  enviable  reputation  than  do  Parker.  Stearns  &  Mackintosh,  the  well-known  steam  job  printers  at  No.  104  Fulton  Street. 
W.  E.  Mackintosli  was  born  in  Scotland  and  has  the  same  industry,  thorough  going  ways  and  sterling  qualities  which  characterize  the 
people  of  his  nationality;  T.  P.  Stearns,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  has  the  "  git  thar  "  stroke  peculiar  to 
Americans,  and  like  his  partner,  is  thoroughly  conversant  with  every  branch  and  detail  of  the  business  in  which  they  are  engaged.  Both 
men  are  hustlers  and  both  bent  on  sustaining  the  high  standing  which  they  have  attained  since  the  establishment  of  their  business,  which  is 
comparatively  young  yet  exceedingly  prosperous.  They  occupy  a  space  30  x  SO  feet  on  the  first  floor,  with  first-class  equipments,  the  entire 
place  having  an  unmistakable  air  of  business  and  enterprise  well  directed.  Seven  first-class  men  assist  in  the  work  of  the  establishment 
and  everything  in  the  line  of  printing,  from  a  business  card  or  circular  to  an  extended  brief  or  book  is  done  in  the  most  expeditious,  satis- 
factory and  accurate  manner.  The  firm  has  $5,000  worth  of  first-class  machinery,  which  is  run  by  steam-power,  a  fine  assortment  of  new 
and  modern  type,  all  approved  equipments  and  everything  else  necessary  in  turning  out  the  superior  class  of  work  wliich  they  do. 


292  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

BECKETT  &  BRADFORD,  Account  Book  Manufacturers  and  Paper  Rulers,  Nos.  35  and  37  Vesej  Street  and  No.  64  Church  Street.— A 
firm  whose  trading  title  would  be  found  high  up  on  the  list  of  those  engaged  iu  blank  book  manufacturing,  if  such  a  list  were  made 
with  tlie  names  arranged  according  to  merit,  stability  and  the  extent  of  tlieir  operations,  is  that  known  as  Beckett  &  Bradford,  whose 
extensive  premises  are  located  at  Nos.  35  and  37  Vesey  Street,  The  date  of  its  establishment  was  the  year  1873,  the  proprietorship  then 
beingvested  in  Mr  James  Beckett  and  Mr.  Richard  J  Bradford  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Bradford,  which  occurred  in  1887,  Mr.  Beckett 
called  to  his  assistance  Mr.  Walter  M  Wahers  as  manager,  with  Theodore  F  Gisburne  and  Edward  Cardwell  as  foremen.  The  executive 
skill  of  this  combination  enabled  him  to  keep  a  firm  and  intelhgent  grasp  upon  its  large  and  still  extendiii,'  operations.  Large  as  ihe  busi- 
ness is  the  premises  occupied  afford  it  ample  scope,  consisting  as  they  do  of  three  floors,  50  x  100  feet  in  area,  and  an  additional  wing  "Jo  x  75 
feet  in  measurement  These  are  provided  Avith  all  the  latest  machinery  and  devices,  designed  to  make  skilled  labor  in  machine  ruling,  num- 
bering, perforating,  and  blank  book  manufacturing  most  effective,  and  as  steam-power  is  freely  used,  the  staff  of  sixty  employees  is  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  many  times  multiplied  In  scope  the  business  is  all  embracing,  everything  proper  to  its  line  being  freely  undertaken 
and  accomplished  in  a  manner  doing  the  fullest  credit  to  present-day  styles  of  work  in  the  trade,  and  giving  the  most  complete  satisfaction 
to  the  manufacturing  and  mercantile  houses  who  so  largely  patronize  the  establishment.  Mr.  Beckett  still  devotes  his  energies  most  untir- 
ingly to  the  business,  and  exercises  the  closest  supervision  to  ensure  only  thoroughly  neat  and  well-finished  work  leaving  the  house.  Mr. 
Beckett  is  a  middle  aged  geTitleman  of  English  birth,  but  has  resided  for  no  less  than  forty  years  iu  this  city,  antl  with  Mr.  Bradford  was 
regarded  as  among  the  city's  most  prominent  and  successful  manufacturers 

CHAS.  LeBIHAN  &  CO.,  Umbrellas  of  Every  Description  at  Wholesale  and  Retail,  Gold  and  Silver  Mounted  Walking  Sticks,  Etc.,  No.  1  A 
Barclay  Street.— Although  the  umbrella  and  the  Englishman,  like  the  Englishman  and  his  bath  tub,  are  one  and  inseparable,  at  the  same 
time  it  is  believed  that  the  origin  of  the  umbrella  may  be  traced  to  the  French,  who  used  them  at  least  one  hundred  and  fifty  years- 
ago.  One  of  the  most  eminent  Umbrella  houses  in  New  York  is  Chas.  LeBihan  &  Co  ,  of  No.  1  A  Barclay  Street  T!ie  growth  and 
importance  of  this  notable  house  is  of  such  miportance  as  to  make  it  necessary  to  include  the  history  of  the  concern  in  this  review  as 
an  evidence  of  the  example  of  the  fruits  of  enterprise  The  house  was  originally  established  in  1885,  in  Sixth  Avenue,  their  functions  at  that 
time  being  in  the  line  of  cigar  dealers.  They  continued  this  trade  nntil  1887,  when  they  disposed  of  their  plant  and  established  a  place  of  bus- 
iness under  the  title  of  the  Eagle  Umbrella  Store.  They  developed  a  large  trade  in  their  line,  but  in  ISiX),  May  1,  the  proprietors  found  it 
neccessary  to  again  change  the  name  of  the  house,  and  it  became  known  as  Chas.  LeBihan  &  Co.  They  are  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  ia 
Umbrellas  of  every  description,  including  the  finest  grades  of  silk  with  gold  and  silver  momits.  They  also  handle  every  style  of  gold  and 
silver  mounted  walking  sticks.  But  their  specialty  is  a  fine  Gloria  silk  paragon  frame  umbrella  with  gold  or  silver  handle,  which  they  sell 
for  $1.64.  They  manufacture  their  own  goods,  including  umbrellas  and  walking  sticks,  the  size  of  their  place  being  30  x  90  feet,  with  a  spa- 
cious factory  in  the  rear.  They  employ  a  force  of  skilled  salesmen  and  workmen,  and  have  a  very  fine  and  attractive  salesroom  in  the  front 
part  of  the  building,  with  a  rich  stock  of  goods  The  house  buy  all  of  the  necessary  fixtures  and  put  them  together  Their  umbrellas  and. 
walking  sticks  have  the  reputation  for  being  the  best  in  the  market— all  first-class  goods  Mr  LeBilian  is  a  native  of  Paris,  and  has  been  in 
the  United  States  for  the  past  seven  years.  He  is  a  young  man  of  enterprise  and  commendable  energy,  and  a  manufacturer  and  merchant 
who  has  gained  the  highest  record  for  commercial  probity  and  loyalty  to  the  law  of  truth. 

-jr  jr  OESSNER  &  FLINTOFF,  Artists',  Designers'  and  Illustrators'  Pen  Drawing  for  Photo-Engraving,  Nos.  320  to  324  Broadway, 
/  flL  1  Uptown  Office  No.  757  Broadway.  Corner  Eighth  Street.— In  making  suitable  reference  to  the  house  of  Messrs.  Moessner  &  Flint- 
/  \  off,  we  introduce  to  our  readers  a  firm  of  artist-designers  of  wide  celebrity,  ranking  first  in  quality  and  second  to  ft*w  iu  tne  vol- 
-*■  -^  ume  of  production.  This  firm  occupy  eligible  quarters  at  Nos.  320  to  324  Broadway,  with  an  uptown  office  at  No.  757  Broadway, 
corner  of  Eighth  Street.  They  are  artists,  designers  and  illustrators  for  books,  newspapers,  magazines,  etc..  executing  pen  draw- 
ings for  photo-engraving,  and  stand  at  the  head  of  their  profession  in  this  city.  Their  patronage  is  local,  suburban  and  coimtry-wide,  ever 
enlarging,  and  deservedly  increasing  in  volume  and  importance.  The  work  of  an  illustrator  has  become  an  art  requiring  originality  of  con- 
ception, natural  talent  with  technical  training,  patient  endeavor  and  assiduous  and  intelligent  application,  coupled  with  the  very  acme  of 
expert  workmanship,  to  secvu'e  an  artistic  totality  of  admirable  and  enduring  qualities.  To  fully  meet  these  essential  requisites,  the  efforts 
of  this  firm  are  unremitting.  They  give  steady  employment  to  some  twenty  skilled  and  expert  assistants,  while  every  design  is  under  their 
personal  supervision,  requiring  no  further  guaranty  The  fullest  extent  of  artistic  possibility  has  signalized  their  many  productions.  Their 
well-tested  merits,  marked  appreciation  by  a  critical  public  here  and  elsewhere  is  their  best  recommendation,  their  only  needed  endorse- 
ment, many  of  the  illustrations  in  this  publication  being  of  their  production.  Tlieir  work  is  in  constant  and  influential  demand  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  their  talents,  taste  and  judgment  are  everi-where  recognized  in  the  beauty,  originality  and  appropri- 
ateness of  their  designs.  An  energetic  application  of  their  resources  to  excel  in  the  various  departments  of  their  work,  to  keep  pace  with  the- 
growing  demands  and  refinements  of  the  times,  year  in  and  year  out.  will  be  the  earnest  endeavor  of  this  eminently  progressive  firm.  The 
co-partners.  Messrs.  Thomas  F.  Moessner  and  Philip  E  Flintoff.  are  both  practical  and  experienced  masters  of  their  art  m  all  its  branches 
Mr.  Moessner  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  and  has  been  engaged  in  this  business  for  the  past  fifteen  years  Mr  Flintoff  was  born  in  England, 
coming  to  this  city  in  1873.  and  has  had  an  experience  of  t^n  years  in  this  hne  These  gentlemen  combined  their  interests  in  the  present 
firm  in  1890  and  are  recognized  in  the  craft  as  artists  of  brilliant  promise. 

EMPIRE  SHOE  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  all  Kinds  of  Men's  Fine  Hand-sewed  Shoes,  No.  55  Vesey  Street,  Near  Church  Street.— So  much 
time  and  attention  are  now  directed  to  the  boot  and  the  shoe,  in  the  hope  of  settling  satisfactorily  what  is  the  best  and  most  com- 
fortable make  and  style,  that  it  should  be  of  value  to  business  men  generally  to  have  pointed  out  the  reliable  house  of  the  Empire 
Shoe  Co.,  manufacturers  of  men's  fine  hand-sewn  boots  and  shoes,  located  at  No.  55  Vesey  Street  This  business  was  established  by 
the  present  proprietor  Mr.  John  I.  Green,  in  1885.  and  so  excellent  are  the  lines  on  which  it  is  conducted  that  it  has,  in  less  than  six 
years,  sprung  from  comparative  insignficance  to  a  leading  position  in  the  trade;  with  influential  boot  and  shoe  establishments,  jobbers, 
dealers  and  others  among  its  patronage,  which  extend  all  over  the  city  and  throughout  the  southern  states  In  these  days,  when  the  major- 
i^  of  shoes,  even  of  the  better  makes,  are  machine-sewn,  it  is  considered  by  most  men  quite  a  luxury  to  get  a  really  good  shoe  that  is  hand- 
sewn  throughout;  by  reason  of  the  extra  comfort  and  durability  that  is  derived  It  is  probable  that  this  preference,  addeil  to  the  fact  that 
The  Empire  Shoe  Company's  material  and  workmanship  are  always  of  the  best,  is  the  direct  cause  of  their  great  success;  for  each  year, 
there  is  a  greater  demand  for  their  goods,  among  the  better  class  of  patrons.  The  premises  at  No.  55  Vesey  Street,  consist  of  a  fine  floor 
measuring  30  x  80  feet,  fitted  up  as  a  .salesroom  and  workshop;  the  latter  contains  all  the  latest  tools  and  appliances  necessary  to  the  success- 
ful conduct  of  their  business,  and  gives  accommodation  to  twelve  experienced  helpers,  all  picked  by  Mr.  Green  from  New  York's  best  shoe- 
makers, with  a  view  to  sustain  the  character  of  the  high  class  work  turned  out.  The  business,  which  is  strictly  wholesale,  necessitates  the 
steady  employment  of  four  traveling  salesmen,  to  submit  to  customers  the  novelties  in  material  and  style  as  they  appear,  and  to  receive 
their  regular  commands  for  boots,  shoes,  slippers,  etc.  Mr.  Green,  the  sole  proprietor,  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  He  is  widely  known 
and  very  popular  in  society,  being  a  member  of  several  well  known  institutions,  among  others  that  of  the  Independent  Ortleroi  Odd  Fellnws. 
By  Bending  a  postal  card  they  will  have  a  salesman  call  on  you  at  any  time  and  at  any  place  with  a  full  line  of  samples  of  fctest 
Styles. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK  292 

THE  CONNECTICUT  MUTUAL  LIFE  INSURANCE  COiMPANY  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  Philip  S.  Miller,  General  Agent,  No.  1  Wall  Street,  cor- 
ner Broadway.— The  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Hartford,  Coini.,  has  been  for  a  period  of  forty -five  years  an 
important  factor  in  the  education  of  the  people  of  every  community  in  habits  of  economy,  prudence,  and  provident  thrift.  It  is  repre- 
sented in  thiseity  by  Mr.  Philips.  Miller  as  general  agentforNewYorkCity,  New  Jersey,  Staten  Island,  and  Long  Island,  with  headquar- 
ters at  No.  1  Wall  Street,  corner  of  Broadway.  This  gentlemen  has  liad  an  experience  of  fourteen  years  in  the  life  insurance  business, 
and  accepted  his  present  position  in  1877.  The  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  offers  its  policies  as  a  perfect  protection  to  the  family.  Its  calcula" 
tiuns  are  based  on  the  assumption  of  earning  only  three  percent,  interest,  instead  of  four  or  four  and  one-half  percent.,  as  is  assumed  by  all 
(.'ther  companies.  Its  policies  will,  therefore,  be  protected  by  a  larger  reserve  than  is  held  by  any  other  company.  It  seleet-s  risks  with  great 
care,  and  has  a  low  rate  of  mortality.  Its  investments  are  of  the  safest  character,  and  its  economy  of  management  is  not  surpassed,  if 
equaled.  It  has  no  stockholders.  Every  dollar  of  saving  or  profit  belongs  solely  to  the  policy  holders,  and  goes  to  increase  the  value  of  their 
policies,  or  to  reduce  tlie  cost  of  their  insurance.  Each  policy  has  attached  a  table  of  values,  and  the  accumulation  of  surplus  stated  each 
year.  The  actual  value  of  the  policy  is  increasing  each  year  by  the  increase  of  reserve,  and  the  addition  of  any  surplus  earned  and  credited, 
and  remains  always  available  at  the  period  stated.  The  company  had  in  force,  Dec.  31,  1890.  (54,147  policies,  insui-ing  $15:3,234,742.00.  Its  assets 
on  that  day  were  $58,747,707.44;  with  a  surplus  by  the  Company's  standard  of  $5,-572,000.19;  surplus  by  legal  standard  (4  percent.),  $0,150,000.00. 
The  new  limited  life  premium  policies  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  have  become  widely  popular  as  an  absolute  protection  and  a  safe  invest- 
ment.   Mr.  3Iiller.  the  general  agent,  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  and  an  expert  and  reliable  life  underwriter. 

rrOHN  W.  CRAWFORD,  Steam-Power  Gumming,  Label  and  Card  Cutting,  Punching,  Eyeleting,  Etc.,  No.  59  Beekman  Street.— This 
-^  I      establishment  is  the  very  oldest  and  foremost  concern  of  tlie  kind  in  this  city,  tlie  quarters  occupied  as  shop,  etc.,  comprise  the  whole 
>^  I      of  a  35x  150  feet  (fourth  lloor).  and  are  equipped  with  ample  steam-power  and  the  latest  improved  machinery,  appliances  and  appur- 
1    I      tenauces  for  the  various  branches,  while  twenty  or  more  experienced  hands  are  employed  here.    The  facilities  are  of  a  very  superior 
character,  and  upward  of  7,000,000  labels  can  beturned  out  daily,  fancy  label  die  cutting  being  a  leading  specialty,  and  all  orders  are 
executed  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trustworthy  manner,  the  proprietor  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  detail.    Estimates  are 
furnished  on  all  classes  of  work  in  tlie  line  above  indicated,  and  perfect  satisfaction  is  guaranteed,  particular  attention  being  given  to  gum- 
ming, varnishing,  punching,  eyeleting  and  finishing  for  printers  and  lithographers.     All  work  turned  out  for  the  trade  in  this  reliable  concern 
is  warranted  to  be  first  class,  while  the  prices  prevailing  are  invariably  the  lowest  consistent  figures.     This  prosperous  business  was  started 
in  1S59  by  Wm.  Sheppard,  who  conducted  the  same  up  to  about  five  years  ago,  when  the  present  proprietor  assumed  sole  control.    Mr.  Craw- 
ford is  a  native  of  Ireland,  but  has  resided  in  this  country  since  youth.    He  is  a  man  of  practical  skill  and  thorough  experience,  and  prior  to 
assuming  sole  control  here  had  been  manager  for  Mr.  Sheppard,  his  predecessor,  for  quite  some  time,  being  connected  with  the  establishment 
altogether  about  twenty  years. 

THOMAS  McKAY,  English  and  French  Bootmaker,  No  28  Broad  Street.— The  whole  of  the  goods  which  emanate  from  the  reliable 
establishment  of  Mf.  Thomas  McKay,  Enghsh  and  French  bootmaker,  located  in  thiseity  at  No.  38  Broad  Street,  cannot  but  be 
described  as  of  the  highest  grade  or  quality  and  workmanship;  and  the  trade  which  attaches  to  the  house  is  in  strict  accordance 
with  the  excellent  custom  work  executed,  including  as  it  does  a  large  section  of  the  elite  of  New  York  society,  and  some  of  the  best 
families  and  commercial  gentlemen  in  and  around  the  great  metropolis.  The  business  owes  its  inception  in  1873  to  Mr.  Thomas 
McKay,  a  practical  boot  maker  of  forty  years'  experience,  and  whose  father  was  a  bootmaker  before  him;  and  in  addition  to  tlie  finest  cus- 
tom boot  and  shoe  making,  a  general  repairing  is  undertaken  and  executed  with  the  greatest  neatness.  A  specialty  is  made  of  gentlemen's 
and  ladies*  riding  boots,  and  at  the  well  appointed  store  at  the  address  named,  20  x  50  feet  in  area,  a  large  stock  of  boots,  shoes,  dress  and 
patent  leather  gaiters,  imported  blackings  and  patent  leather  varnishes  is  always  carried:  prices  ranging  from  ten  dollars  upwards  for  shoes 
and  twenty-two  and  twenty-five  dollars  and  up  for  boots;  and  a  staff  of  eighteen  duly  qualified  assistants  being  regularly  employed  on  the 
spot.  The  able  and  experienced  proprietor,  Mr.  Thomas  McKay,  is  a  native  of  North  Ireland,  and  has  resided  in  this  city  for  the  past  twenty 
years. 

TT  TT  ARCY  STOVE  REPAIR  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Stove.  Range  and  Heater  Repairs,  and  Fire  Bi'ick  Linings,  Nos.  63  and  65  Beekman 
/^l       Street.— This  company  have  been  in  successful  operation  since  1885.     They  are  extensive  manufacturers  of  stove,  range  and  heater 
I        \     repairs,  including  fittings  for  any  stove  or  range  made;  also  fire  brick  linings,  and  operate  a  foundry  at  Nos.  157  to  167  Imlay 
Street,  Brooklyn,  where  they  give  steady  employment  to  sixty  skilled  hands.    The  output  embraces  grates,  doors,  lids,  etc.,  which 
are  turned  out  in  large  quantities,  and  are  of  a  quality  which  commends  them  at  once  to  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  critical 
and  discriminating  buyers.    The  greatest  care  and  skill  are  brought  to  bear  in  all  the  various  processes  of  manufacture  to  improve  the 
efficiency  of  the  goods  and  cheapen  the  cost  of  production,  and  as  a  result  the  company  are  in  a  position  to  challenge  comparison  as  to  qual- 
ity and  defy  competition  as  to  price.    A  splendid  stock  is  kept  on  hand  in  this  city,  and  orders  by  telephone,  *'  1888  Cortlandt,"  by  telegr-aph 
or  mail,  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention,  and  shipments  are  daily  made  to  all  parts  of  the  country.    The  proprietors  are  Messrs.  J. 
Caesar,  O.  Denis  and  A.  E.  Hauser,  the  former  a  native  of  Germany,  the  two  latter  of  New  York,  and  all  gentlemen  of  the  highest  repute 
and  standing. 

BROOKLYN  BRIDGE  FREEZING  &  COLD  STORAGE  CO.,  Franklin  Square.— The  cold  storage  business  is  essentially  a  modem  in- 
stitution, of  quite  recent  origin,  but  the  system  has  become  so  indispensable  to  several  very  important  commercial  interests  that  it 
is  a  matter  of  wonder  how  they  ever  managed  to  exist  without  it.  Dealers  in  provisions  of  a  perishable  nature,  fruits,  etc..  would 
find  it  extremely  <iifficult  to  carry  on  business  at  the  present  day,  if  deprived  of  the  conveniences  afforded  by  cold  storage  ware- 
houses. The  merchants  in  such  commodities  have  ample  facilities  in  this  line  extended  to  them  by  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  Freezing  & 
Cold  Storage  Co..  whose  establishment  is  located  in  Franklin  Square,  occupying  two  of  the  bridge  arches,  each  40  x  75  feet  in  area,  each  with 
six  floors.  The  equipment  comprises  two  pontifex  and  wood  absorption  machines  for  cooling  the  brine,  and  about  fifteen  miles  of  pipe 
through  which  the  cooling  fluid  is  conveyed.  The  working  force  consists  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  men.  The  arrangements  are  of  the  most 
complete  description  for  the  freezing  of  fish  and  meats,  game,  etc.,  and  the  preservation  of  fruits,  vegetables  and  other  articles  requiring 
but  a  moderately  low  temperature.  The  space  devoted  to  storage  is  adequate  to  the  reception  of  a  large  quantity  of  merchandise,  and  the 
company  make  advances  in  money  upon  goods  stored.  The  business  of  the  concern  is  principally  local,  and  of  sufficient  magnitude  to  call 
for  the  fuU  receptive  capacity  of  their  establishment.  The  company  is  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  with  the  fol- 
lowing named  officers:  Thomas  McLean,  president;  John  B.  Stewart,  vice-president;  Wm.  Fellows  Morgan,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Mr, 
McLean  is  a  native  of  Connecticut;  Messrs.  Stewart  and  Morgan  were  born  in  New  York  state. 


294  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

IE.  HIRSH,  "  Nicoline,"  Nos.  265  and  :i67  Canal  Street.— The  Rentleman  whose  name  heads  the  present  sketch  has  been  established  in 
business  since  1880,  and  during  the  eleven  years'  interim  htis  enjoyed  a  uniformly  prosperous  career.  He  is  a  direct  importer  of 
"Nicoline,"  a  distinctly  meritorious  compound  for  the  purposes  intended,  and  is  also  selling  agent  for  Jacquot  &  Co/s  celebrated 
•  French  blacking,  conceded  to  be  the  most  perfect,  effective  and  altogether  superior  preparation  of  the  kind  on  the  market.  H«  makes 
leading  specialties  of  the  widely  known  and  justly  famed  preparations  above  noted,  handling  some  other  lines  besides,  and,  altogether, 
his  trade,  which  extends  throughout  the  entire  country,  is  large  and  active.  Mr.  Hirsh  was  born  in  Germany,  but  has  resided  in  America  for 
over  forty  years,  having  lived  in  the  south  for  quite  some  time  prior  to  the  '*  late  unpleasantness,"  which  left  him  with  thousands  of  others, 
who  staked  their  lives  and  fortunes  on  the  "  lost  cause,"  utterly  ruined.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  strict  integrity,  as  well  as  of  energy  and  busi- 
ness experience,  and  sustains  an  excellent  [reputation  in  commercial  circles.  Mr,  Hirsh  occupies  the  whole  of  a  50  x  110  floor  as  office 
and  salesroom  at  Nos.  265  and  267  Canal  Street,  and  carries  on  hand  always  a  large  stock,  while  several  clerks  and  salesmen  are  employed. 
He  handles  large  quantities  of  "  Nicoline,"  which  is  a  patented  article,  made  by  only  a  few  concerns  in  Europe,  and  which  is  in  widespread 
and  rapidly  growing  demand  by  manufacturers  of  metal  buttons,  match  boxes,  tin  toys  and  sheet  metal  novelties  generally,  owing  to  its 
brilliancy,  durability  and  other  features  of  merit.  He  is  prepared  to  quote  prices  and  terms  on  "  Nicoline  "  and  Jacquot  &  Co.'s  French 
blacking,  offering  substantial  inducements  to  the  trade,  and  all  orders  receive  nnmediate  attention. 


V 


JACKSON'S  SONS,  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Grates,  Open  Fire  Places,  Fenders,  Fire  Irons,  Andirons,  Tiles,  Etc.,  Office 
and  Showroom  No.  346  Front  Street.  Factory,  No.  268  Water  Street.— This  is  the  very  oldest  and  foremost  house  of  the  kind  in 
the  country,  and  for  more  than  sixty-four  years  has  been  a  distinct  factor  in  the  line  indicated.    The  productions  of  this  widely 


in  fact,  surpassed  in  any  single  feature  of  merit  by  any  similar  articles  on  the  market;  and  of  the  superiority  thereof,  certainly 
no  more  unfailing  criterion  could  be  adduced  than  the  immense  sale  these  goods  command  throughout  the  civilized  world.  Besides  an  ex- 
ceedingly large  trade  all  over  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Mexico,  the  firm  export  extensively  also  to  Central  and  South  America,  Austra- 
lia, China  and  other  countries,  having  shipped  over  two  thousand  grates  to  China  alone  within  a  short  period,  and.  altogether,  their  total 
annual  sales  reach  a  handsome  figure.  The  factory  and  premises  occupy  the  whole  of  a  big  five-story  building,  equipped  with  ample  steam- 
power,  the  latest  improved  machinery  and  general  appurtenances,  and  upward  of  thirty-five  to  forty  in  help  are  employed.  The  quarters  at 
No.  246  Front  Street  are  spacious,  commodious  and  excellently  appointed,  the  display  here  being  very  attractive.  An  extensive  and  elegant 
assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock,  including  a  great  variety  of  grates,  in  very  pretty  designs  and  beautiful  workmanship,  superb  open 
fire  places  and  accessories,  exquisite  fenders,  fire  shovels,  tongs  and  kindred  articles,  artistic  tiles,  andirons,  etc.,  etc.,  and  all  orders  receive 
prompt  attention.  This  fiourishing  enterprise  had  its  inception  in  1827,  when  the  business  was  established  by  Wm.  Jackson,  the  firm  name 
subsequently  becoming  W.  Jackson  &  Son.  and  as  such  was  conducted  up  to  1887,  when  the  present  style  was  adopted.  Messrs.  J.  L.  and  J. 
W.  Jackson,  the  proprietors,  are  natives  of  this  city  and  maintain  an  excellent  standing  in  commercial  circles. 

ECKERT  &  CLARK,  General  Insurance  Brokers,  No.  137  Broadway.— This  firm  is  deserving  of  special  mention  among  the  worthy  bus- 
iness concerns  of  New  York.  In  years  its  members  are  among  the  youngest  insurance  brokers  in  the  city,  J.  A.  Eckert  having 
recently  attained  his  majority  and  P.  W.  Clark  being  but  twenty-two.  In  experience  and  knowledge  of  their  business,  however, 
these  young  gentlemen  have  the  advantage  of  many  who  have  attained  to  greater  age.  Mr.  Eckert  was  formerly  a  trusted  and  com- 
petent clerk  in  the  office  of  T.  B.  Nutting.  Jr..  and  lately  interested  in  the  profits,  and  Mr.  Clark  was  also  a  clerk  in  Mr.  Nutting's 
employ  and  filled  it  with  equal  credit.  Both  thoroughly  informed  of  the  requisites  necessary  to  a  successful  prosecution  of  the  undertaking 
they  had  in  view,  formed  a  partnership  and  beoame  a  firm  of  insurance  brokers  on  August  16,  1889.  They  met  with  deserved  success  from 
the  outset,  represent  such  sterling  and  well-known  companies  as  the  Continental,  Guardian  and  Niagara,  effect  insurance  in  all  of  the  most 
reliable  companies  at  the  lowest  rates,  and  have  a  list  of  references  that  place  their  responsibility  and  business  ability  beyond  any  question. 
Both  are  natives  of  Brooklyn. 

VM.  OTIS  MUNROE'S  SON  &  CO.,  Practical  Plumbers  and  Gas  Fitters,  No.  599  Sixth  Avenue.— The  plumbers'  and  gas  fitters* 
occupation  is  of  the  most  essential  importance,  and  an  ably  conducted  and  responsible  house  devoted  to  this  important  trade  in 
New  York  is  that  of  Messrs.  Wm.  Otis  Munroe's  Son  &  Co.  Tlie  individual  members  of  this  firm  are  Messrs.  Wm.  E.  Munroe  and 
Charles  J.  Mortimer,  both  young  men  and  New  Yorkers  by  birth  and  education.  They  were  formerly  in  the  old  reliable  plumb- 
ing house  of  Messrs.  Locke  &.  Munroe.  The  latter  was  the  father  of  Mr.  Wm.  E.  Munroe,  and  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
plumbers  and  sanitary  engineers  in  the  city.  In  consequence  of  his  decease  in  1886,  the  son  formed  a  copartnership  with  Mr.  Mortimer  in 
1887.  resulting  in  the  establishment  of  this  enterprise,  which  from  the  start  has  maintained  a  most  enviable  reputation  for  first-class  work- 
manship and  honorable  business  methods.  The  premises  occupied  are  spacious  and  commodious,  and  comprise  a  well  appointed  store  with 
workshop,  the  latter  being  fully  equipped  with  all  necessary  tools  and  machinery,  while  employment  is  given  a  full  force  of  from  five  to  ten 
skilled  and  experienced  workmen,  whose  operations  are  conducted  under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  proprietors.  They  are  prepared  to 
execute  all  orders  for  the  plumbing,  ventilating,  heating  and  lighting  of  public  buildings,  factories,  stores,  residences,  etc.,  at  the  shortest 
notice  and  at  reasonable  prices.  They  keep  const-antly  on  hand  a  full  assortment  of  plumbers'  and  gas  fitters'  supplies  and  materials  of  the 
latest  improved  styles,  which  are  furnished  at  manufacturers'  prices.  A  specialty  is  sanitary  plumbing,  the  fitting  up  of  public  water  closets 
and  fine  marble  work.  Estimates  are  furnished,  and  contracts  of  any  size  are  entered  into  and  executed  promptly,  while  satisfaction  is 
always  guaranteed. 

F-^  ACOBS  &  SOLO:\ION.  Long  Island  Embroidering  Co..  Nos.  88  and  90  Walker  Street.— The  Long  Island  Embroidering  Co.,  was  founded 
— ^  I  by  L.  Greenbaimi  thirteen  years  ago,  and  at  his  decease  was  succeeded  b.y  H.  Solomon,  and  after  by  Solomon  &  Son.  and  continued 
\S'  I  under  their  proprietorship  until  January  1,  1891,  when  IVlr.  H.  Solomon  retired  in  favor  of  Mr.  H.  Jacobs  and  Mrs,  H.  Solomon,  repre- 
I  I  sented  by  L.  S.  Greenbaum,  the  junior  partner.  A  floor  is  occupied,  which  is  25x100  feet  in  size,  and  is  provided  with  all 
maciiinery  and  appliances  proper  to  the  conduct  of  the  business.  The  work  of  the  house  is  exclusively  to  order  for  wholesalers  and 
retailers,  and  the  labors  of  the  fifteen  employees  regularly  engaged  is  carefully  supervised  by  the  principals.  Mr.  Jacobs  is  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, and  for  many  years  a  merchant  at  Elizabethtown,  N.  Y.,  and  Mr.  Greenbaum  is  a  native  of  New  York  state.  Both  are  long  residents 
of  the  city,  the  former  being  a  middle  aged,  and  the  latter  a  young  man.  Mr.  Greenbaum  is  also  the  manufacturer  of  the  Ideal  Corn  Holder, 
which  is  destined  to  supply  a  long  felt  want,  as  it  obviates  the  necessity  of  the  holding  of  ears  of  hot  corn  in  the  hand,  thereby  doing  away 
with  soiled  hands  and  burned  and  smarting  fingers,  besides  being  much  more  refined  and  cleanly  than  the  prevailing  method  of  eating  hot 
juicy  corn.  This  luxury  can  be  enjoyed  at  so  trifiing  an  expense,  that  no  one  need  be  without  therii,  besides  which  they  will  be  found  to  be 
a  nice  table  ornament. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK,  295 

PETER  J.  JOHNSON,  Box-Wood,  Etc.,  Xo.  46  Beekman  Street.— This  enterprise  was  established  by   its  present  proprietor  January, 
1888,  the  cluiracter  of  its  operations  since  materially  widening,  till  the  demands  upon  Mr.  Johnson's  time  to-day  necessitate  the 
employment  of  fifteen  skilled  assistants  to  enable  him  to  promptly  execute  the  orders  he  is  now  securing.     The  premises  occupied 
comprise  a  spacious  and  commodious  loft,  25x75  feet  in  dimensions,  equipped  with  adequate  steam-power,  and  every  convenience 
^nd  appliance  kuowu  to  the  trade.    The  business  conducted  relates  to  the  preparation  of  box-wood,  dog,  maple  and  other  blocks  for 
engravers'  use;  also  routing,  blocking  and  mortising,  and  every  description  of  metal  wi_.rk  having  a  bearing  on  the  engraving  industry.    Mr. 
Johnson  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  and  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for  the  past  ten  years.     He  is  a  skilL^d  exponent  of  his  craft,  guarantee- 
ing his  work  as  superioi-  in  every  particular,  aud  is  thoroughly  well  deserving  of  the  success  he  has  achieved  in  his  unique  branch  of  industry. 

GEO.  B.  RITCHIE  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  Curled  Hair,  Import  and  Export  General  Commission  Merchants  in  Wool,  Cattle  Side  Hair, 
Glue.  Glue  Stock.  Oils.  Etc..  No.  5T  Ferry  Street.— This  popular  firm  do  an  extensive  business  as  import  and  export  commission 
merchants  in  wool,  cattle  side  hair,  oils,  and  a  general  Ime  of  kindred  goods.  The  firm  is  composed  of  JMr.  Geo.  B.  Ritchie,  general 
partner,  and  Messrs  Jno.  B.  Cuniminj?  and  H.  W.  Jones,  special  partners  residing  in  London,  England,  and  (.•'uir-olling  the  operations 
of  the  English  department  of  the  business.  The  factories  of  this  large  aud  prosperous  concern  are  located  at  Nu,  Ui  Sixteenth  Street, 
Brooklyn  and  at  ISid  Street  and  Bergen  Avenue,  Harlem.  Both  these  establishments  are  spacious,  conveniently  arranged  and  thoroughly 
well-equipped  with  steam-power  aud  all  modern  ai>pliances.  A  large  number  of  skilled  hands  are  constantly  employed,  and  a  heavy  output 
is  steadily  maintained.  A  large  loft  is  also  utilized  at  No.  52  Ferry  Street,  for  the  storage  of  curled  hair,  and  a  large  stock  is  carried  to  meet 
any  demand.  Tlie  office  at  No.  57  Ferry  Street  has  a  capacity  of  about  25  x  50  feet  and  a  competent  staff  of  assistants  are  engaged.  A  very 
high  reputation  attaches  to  the  goods  handled  by  this  popular  house,  and  the  trade,  which  is  both  import  and  export,  has  long  since  reached 
a  most  substantial  point.  Mr.  Geo.  B.  Ritchie  established  his  business  about  seven  or  eight  years  ago.  Jlr.  Ritchie  is  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania aud  has  been  an  honorejl  aud  respected  resident  of  New  York  for  the  past  twelve  years.  The  firm  has  always  borne  the  highest 
character. 

r|TUGUST  GUGEL,  Brass  Foundry.  No.  138  Wooster  Street.— The  trade  of  the  brass  founder,  like  that  of  Mr.  August  Gugel,  is  of  inesti- 
LM  mable  value  to  a  large  number  of  hardware  manufacturers,  and  indirectly  to  the  community  at  large;  an  innumerable  quantity  of 
I  I  household  articles,  both  of  utility  aud  decoration,  requisites  for  the  building  trade,  for  engineers  and  millwrights,  and  for  many 
/  other  purposes,  emanatiug  originally  from  the  brass  foundry,  though  they  may  be  sent  out  as  finished  brass  or  bronze  goods  from 

other  establishments.  Indeed  the  particular  foundry  referred  to  not  only  lies  at  the  root  of  an  immense  bulk  of  finished  brass 
work,  but  has  an  initial  hand  in  the  production  of  spelter,  britannia  and  white  metal  goods  generally;  the  making  of  brass  molds,  used  in 
the  casting  of  such  articles,  being  one  of  its  great  specialties;  a  department  of  brass  foundry  work  which  is  rightly  regarded  as  one  of  its 
higher  branches,  and  one  in  which  the  firm  distinctly  excels.  Mr.  Gugel,  who  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  but  has  resided  in  this  city  for  sixteen 
years,  initiated  his  business  at  No.  119  Prince  Street  two  years  ago,  but  in  con.sequence  of  the  rapid  development  which  grew  out  of  the 
talented  representation  of  the  trade,  removed  to  his  present  more  commodious  foundry  about  twelve  mouths  ago.  where  his  five  casting 
tubs  and  their  accessories  well  utilized  by  as  many  expert  moldei-s  aud  casters  yield  a  very  considerable  daily  output,  and  enable  the  pro- 
prietor to  make  fine  brass  and  bronze  castings  at  short  notice  in  response  to  the  brisk  demands  of  the  locality. 

r^AMES  C.  HADDEN,  Sole  Agent  for  United  States  for  English  Linseed  Oil,  No.  259  Front  Street.— Mr.  Hadden  established  the  business 
-^1  he  now  operates  fully  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  and  has  occupied  his  present  premises  about  fifteen  or  sixteen  years.  He  has  been 
Y^  I  so  long  and  so  honorably  known  to  the  trade  and  public  that  his  name  is  perfectly  familiar  in  all  parts  of  the  couHry.  Mr.  Hadden 
II  does  a  large  and  influential  trade  in  oils  of  every  description  and  carries  a  heavy  and  splendid  selected  stock  of  sperm,  whale,  cod' 
neats-foot,  tanner's  and  lubricating  oils,  lard  and  paints.  A  particular  specialty  in  this  establishment  is  the  famous  English  linseed 
oil.  for  wkich  Mr.  Hadden  is  the  sole  agent  for  the  United  States.  This  fine  oil  is  highly  recommended  and  increasingly  appreciated.  It  is 
claimed  for  it  that  it  covers  and  spreads  better  than  any  other;  that  it  dries  quicker,  aud  that  it  is  cheaper  and  gives  a  better  finish  than  any 
other  article  in  the  market.  It  is  also  warranted  not  to  crack  or  peel.  This  oil  has  only  recently  been  put  before  the  American  public  and  its 
sale  is  rapidly  increasing.  A  very  widely  distributed  trade  has  been  built  up  in  connection  with  this  popular  house.  Mi'.  James  C.  Hadden 
is  a  native  of  the  state  of  New  York  and  occupies  a  high  and  most  enviable  position  in  the  trade. 

FRANK  L.  H.VMILTON.  :Mercantile  Printer.  No.  18  Spruce  Street.— The  ably  managed  establishment  of  Mr.  Frank  L.  Hamilton  has, 
from  the  date  of  the  inception  of  the  business,  in  1884,  been  accorded  a  measure  of  support  that  has  constantly  nccssitated  the  increas- 
ing of  its  capacity.  The  premises  consist  of  two  upper  floors,  each  25x  75  feet  in  amphtude.  and  at  the  present  time  these  are  pro- 
vided with  three  modern  high  speed  cylinder  machines,  and  sis  jobbing  presses,  actuated  by  steam-power,  and  with  a  very  full  range 
of  well-selected  founts  of  type.  Tliese  latter  including  the  best  recent  productions  of  the  type  foundries,  and  embracing  fancy  ribbons 
and  bordei-s.  plain  and  fancy  rules,  and  a  choice  assortment  of  art  printing  accessories.  General  connnercial  work  is  the  special  feature  of 
the  house,  and  note  and  bill  heads,  memorandum  and  letter  heads,  business  and  visiting  cards,  programmes,  pamphlets,  and  every  kind  of 
printing  of  a  kindred  nature  has  the  best  of  representation  at  its  hands,  the  twenty-five  employees  composing  its  staff  being  all  men  picked 
for  their  expertnuss  at  their  craft.  Mr.  Frank  L.  Hamilton,  who  is  still  a  young  man,  was  born  in  this  city,  where  he  learned  his  trade,  and 
has  been  making  use  of  his  acquirements  with  a  steady  application  that  has  been  thoroughly  appreciated  and  well  rewarded. 

CH.\RLES  R.  RUEGGER.  Au  Bazar  Fran^ais,  Importer  and  Dealer  in  Hardware,  Etc.,  Xos.  78  and  80  S.  Fifth  Avenue.— Mr. 
Ruegger  is  a  native  of  Switzerland,  and  a  young  man  yet,  having  but  attained  the  age  of  thirty-sis.  He  was  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  artificial  flowers  in  the  land  of  William  Tell,  and  was  employed  in  the  same  for  a  year  after  coming  here,  which  he  did  six- 
teen years  ago.  In  1877.  having  by  thrift  acquired  a  small  capital,  he  established  business  in  a  basement  opposite  his  present  address. 
He  met  with  phenomenal  success  from  the  outset,  and  in  the  fall  of  1878  his  trade  had  grown  to  such  proportions  that  he  took  posses- 
sion of  his  present  spacious  quarters.  Here  he  occupies  a  five-story  and  basement  building.  25x70  feet  in  dimensions,  and  baudsomely 
appointed  throughout,  while  it  is  arranged  in  admirably  systematic  order.  The  firet  floor  c-^ntains  a  splendid  display  of  hardware,  cutlery, 
tinware,  china  and  elassware.  lamps,  stoves  and  rangres.  while  the  upper  flooi-s  are  filled  with  an  exhaustive  assortment  of  furniture,  bed- 
ding, carpet'^,  oil  cloth,  and  general  house  furnishinj^s.  Mr.  Ruegger  also  occupies  the  adjoining  store  and  basement,  and  they  contain  a 
bewildering  display  of  toys,  novelties,  bric-a-brac,  trunks,  bags,  and  a  thousand  and  one  useful,  fancy  or  ornamental  articlec.  A  leading 
specialty  is  made  of  table  ware  for  hotels  and  restaurants,  in  which  special  inducements  are  offered  to  buyers.  In  the  novelty  department 
are  French  coffee  biggins.  French  alcohol  lamps,  and  the  following,  all  of  Fi'euch  manufacture:  kitchen  knives,  table  cutlery,  pastry  molds, 
vegetable  cutters,  coffee  mills,  larding  needles,  damiers,  chess  boards,  casters,  corkscrews,  nut  cracks,  boites  ^  musique,  seltzer  water 
machines  (siphons*  for  family  use.  etc.  A  staff  of  active,  polite  clerks  is  employed,  all  customere  are  waited  upon  promptly,  and  the  best  of 
bargains  are  at  all  times  obtainable  at  this  model  establishment. 


296  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

ERASMUS  STERLING,  Importer  of  Hides  and  Skins,  No.  95  Gold  Street.— Tlie  house  of  Mr.  Erasmus  Sterling  was  founded  in  1864, 
having  under  the  experienced  and  markedly  alert  management,  been  brought  into  intimate  and  regular  business  relations  with  a 
large  number  of  the  buyers  of  such  merchandise  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Importing  hides  and  skins  in  great  variety,  and  large 
aggregate  bulk  direct,  the  house  also  exercises  the  functions  of  the  broker  in  such  matters,  and  the  feature  that  has  brought  it  into 
such  notable  and  lasting  favor  with  leather  manufacturers,  curriers,  manufacturers  of  leather  goods,  and  others,  is  the  precision  a.s 
well  as  promptitude  with  which  any  commissions  entrusted  to  it  are  accomplished.  For  the  purposes  of  this  business,  a  finely  appointed 
office,  2v)  X  50  feet  in  size,  is  occupied.    Mr.  Sterling  is  well  known  in  mercantile  and  social  circles  alike,  and  is  a  native  of  this  state. 

PH.  HART,  Packer  of  Seed  Leaf  and  Dealer  in  Havana  Tobacco,  No.  163  South  Street.— Thirty-one  years  of  able  and  honorable  trading 
stands  to  the  credit  of  the  well-known  and  responsible  firm  of  Mr.  Ph.  Hart,  as  a  packer  of  seed  leaf  and  dealer  in  Havana  tobacco^ 
Tobacco  both  of  domestic  and  imported  varieties  are  handled  in  ciioice  grades  on  a  lai-ge  scale,  by  the  case;  and  the  stock  carried 
upon  the  premises,  on  several  lofts,  :i5  x  75  feet  in  size,  is  ever  kept  thoroughly  well  replenished.     Two  experienced  traveling  salesmen 
quarter  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  the  reliable  iiiercharuiise  they  are  able  to  otfer  at  inside  rates,  as  a  result  of  the  valuable 
affiliations  which  have  grown  up  around  the  old  house  during  its  long  career,  eventuates  in  trade  of  huge  total  vohuue.     Mr.  Ph.  Hart,  who 
lias  the  assistance  of  three  well-trained  clerks  in  his  ortice,  is  a  gentleman  of  German  birth,  who  came  to  this  country  about  forty  years  ago, 
and  has  gained  success  and  prominence  in  this  branch  of  mercantile  industry. 

■m— *  EYNOLDS  &  HUNTER.  Steel  Plate  Printers,  No.  48  Beekman  Street.— Devoting  their  whole  energies  and  resources  to  fine  steel  and 

1^/      copper  plate  printing,  tlie  reliable  firm  of  Messrs.  Reynolds  &  Hunter  have  in  a  relatively  short  time  succeeded  in  accruing  a  trade  of 

1^       large  volume,  which  by  far  exceeds  that  of  many  similar  houses  of  much  longer  standing.    The  business  was  established  in  1H88  by 

V     the  present  proprietors,  Mr.  W.  H.  Reynolds  and  Mr.  T.  I.  Hunter,  both  of  whom  are  expert  artists  in  this  line  in  the  execution  of  all 

work  undertaken.    This  consists  entirely  of  the  printing  of  pictures  from  steel  and  copper  plates,  and  the  premises,  at  the  address 

noted  above,  consisting  of  a  floor,  35  x  lOO  feet  m  dimensions,  are  replete  with  every  appliance  and  device  pertaining  to  this  artistic  industry. 

Of  the  two  able  proprietors,  Mr.  Reynolds  is  a  native  of  England,  and  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for  some  forty  years,  while  Mr.  Hunter 

was  born  in  Ireland,  and  reached  this  country  about  twelve  years  ago. 

OBERMAYER  &  LAYNG,  Manufacturing  Jewelers,  Nos.  14  and  16  Maiden  Lane.— The  members  of  this  relialile  firm  are  Messrs.  C. 
Obermayer  and  G.  R.  Layng,  both  natives  of  this  city  and  gentlemen  of  long,  practical  experience  in  the  jewelry  manufacturing 
trade,  who  started  in  business  for  themselves  in  1888.  aud  have  already  built  up  a  fine  connection,  and  their  iratle.  which  is  steadily 
increasing,  now  amounts  to  over  $5,000  per  annum.  They  make  a  specialty  of  diamond  mounting  and  setting,  and  do  jobbing  of  all 
kinds  for  the  trade.  Energetic,  enterprising  and  reliable,  no  firm  in  the  same  line  of  business  stands  higher  m  the  estimation  of  the 
trade  than  theirs. 

EKUHE,  Importer  and  Exporter.  No.  115  Worth  Street.— The  operations  of  this  firm  relate  to  the  import  and  export  of  metals,  but 
those  in  which  it  is  principally  engaged  concern  type  metal,  this  being  bought  and  sold  on  an  extensive  scale  on  an  independent 
basis,  and  still  more  largely  upon  commission  for  prominent  concerns  in  various  parts  of  the  country.    Rlr.  Kuhe  took  over  the  sole 
*  proprietary  control  of  the  business  in  1889,  but  it  had  then  been  inexistencefor  eighteen  years,  and  had  become  recognized  as  a  leading 
concern  of  its  kind,  it  having  been  founded  by  Mr.  James  Eraser  in  1871.    Mr.  Kuhe  is  a  young  man  of  German  birth,  who  is  not 
only  sustaining  the  prestige  of  the  house,  but  augmenting  its  trade. 

BARTHOLOMEW  &  PECKHAM.  Photo-Chemical  Engraving,  No.  18  Spruce  Street.— The  progressive  house  of  Bartholomew  &  Peck- 
ham  made  photo-chemical  engraving  its  specialty  upon  the  inception  of  its  business  in  1887.  For  the  photo-chemical  method  of 
engraving,  the  claim  is  made  that  it  is  "  a  superior  process  adapted  to  all  kinds  of  engraving."  and  this  is  clearly  substantiated  by 
the  large  stock  of  artistic  samples  of  color  printing  produced  by  this  process  of  relief  plates,  the  merits  of  these  finding  corroboration 
in  the  work  supplied  in  bulk.  That  its  success  has  been  a  very  real,  and  has  become  a  lasting  one  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  it  has 
three  upper  floors,  each  as  x  75  feet  in  size,  devoted  to  its  business,  these  Ijeing  equipped  with  steam-tlriven  machinery  and  provided  with  all 
.  accessories  incidental  to  the  trade,  with  the  result  that  work  is  produced  in  the  best  style  at  relatively  low  prices,  this  being  further  pro- 
moted liy  the  employment  of  fifteen  thoroughly  well-trained  and  expert  workmen.  Mr.  W.  H.  Bartholomew,  nnri  51r.  Henry  M.  Peckham, 
are  both  natives  of  this  state,  and  are  known  in  all  parts'  o{  tlie  country.  Their  specialty  in  tlie  advancHii  stages  of  photo- 
engraving is  ■■  Tintogravure,"  a  half  tone  process  etched  on  copper,  they  being  the  only  house  in  New  Y'ork  state  lliat  do  this  class  of 
■work  direct  on  copper  plates.  This  work  is  tor  fine  book  and  periodical  illustrations,  such  as  Harper's,  Century,  Scribner's,  Cosmopolitan, 
whom  the  firm  have  among  their  patrons.    This  work  is  mounted  on  wood  ready  for  press,  can  be  piinted  with  type  matter,  etc. 

•Wjr  EY'ER  &  KESSLER,  Steam  Book  and  Job  Printers,  No.  91  Cliff  Street.— The  old-established  printing  office  of  Messrs.   Meyer  & 

/%/l       Kessler.  founded  as  long  ago  as  the  year  1867,  by  its  present  proprietors,  is  one  to  which  an  intluential  connection  attaches  for 

/        1      book  and  general  mercantile  printing;  the  firm  having  an  important  branch  at  No.  103  Bay  Street,  Stapleton,  Staten  Island,  where 

-*-      ■*■    is  printed  the  "  Staten  Island  Post."  a  valued  journal   of  which  Messi-s.  Meyer  &  Kessler  are  the  proprietors.    The  office  on  Cliff 

Street  is  20  x  40  feet  in  size,  is  provided  with  a  large  high-speed  cylinder  machine  and  three  improved  jobbing  presses  actu.ated 

by  steam-power,  ami  a  full  range  of  type  in  excellent  order.    A  staff  of  eight  thoroughly  competent  printers  is  engaged,  and  the  principals, 

who  are  themselves  thoroughly  practical  and  accompli.shed  pi'inters,  give  their  close  personal  attention  sedulously  to  the  supervision  of 

affairs,  and  turn  out  only  such  work  as  is  really  creditable  to  the  establishment.    Both  Mr.  H.  Meyer  and  Mr.  H.  Kessler  are  gentlemen  of 

German  birth  but  have  resided  for  thirty -six  and  twenty  years  respectively  in  this  country. 

JROSSELLI,  House,  Sign  and  Fresco  Painter,  Graining  and  Paper  Hanging,  No.  155  Wooster  Street.— It  is  a  pleasure  as  well 
as  a  duty  to  give  conspicuous  notice  to  a  firm  like  J.  Rosselli,  which  as  house,  sign,  and  fresco  painter,  not  only  does  good, 
conscientious,  and  reliable  work  from  a  purely  utilitarian  point  of  view,  but  from  that  also  of  the  artist,  earns  high  commendation 
•  for  the  taste  displayed  in  the  pleasing  blending  of  colors,  tints,  and  shades,  or  in  producing  striking  hut  harmonious  contrasts, 
vi'hile  in  outline,  landscape,  conventional,  and  other  branches  of  the  art  it  has  shown  equal  expertness.  This  business  was  estab- 
ished  ten  years  ago  at  No.  178  Wooster  Street.  Steady  employment  is  given  to  sixteen  artisans,  wliose  work  is  in  all  cases  performed  under 
the  immediate  direction  of  the  principal.  The  premises  occupied  are  25  x  60  feet  in  measurement;  a  large  stock  of  general  painters'  supplies 
oeing  there  carried,  and  specially  heavy  lines  of  choice  wall  papers,  inclusive  of  dados,  borderings,  center  pieces,  etc.  Mr.  Rosselli  is  of 
Swiss  birth  and  came  to  this  country  seventeen  years  ago. 


ftlSTURY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


297 


SCHAEFER  &  EBLE.  Bookbinders,  No.  34  Beekman  Street.— A  New  York  house  en^ag^ed  in  this  Hne  which  is  widely  and  favorably  known 
to  the  trade  is  that  of  Messrs.  Schaefer  &  Eble.  The  business  of  this  concern  was  assumed  by  Messrs.  Bernhard  J.  Schaefer  and 
Albert  Eble  in  1890,  who  met  with  substantial  recognition  from  the  first  and  ha^'e  since  developed  a  very  extensive  trade.  The  prem- 
ises occupied  have  an  area  of  20  x  80  feet,  and  are  fitted  up  in  the  most  approved  manner  with  all  the  latest  machinery  and  appliances, 
constant  employment  being  provided  a  force  of  from  eight  to  ten  skilled  and  experienced  operatives.  The  scope  of  work  transacted 
covers  the  binding  of  blank  books,  magazines,  school  and  library  books,  portfolios,  pads  and  pamphlets,  likewise  job  and  edition  work. 
Estimates  are  furnished  on  application,  and  the  largest  contracts  completed  with  promptitude,  while  in  the  matter  of  prices  the  house  can 
fully  compete  with  those  of  any  contemporary  concern  in  the  metropolis.  The  business  was  established  over  thirty-five  years  ago  by  Mr. 
Louis  Hirt  and  succeeded  by  Mr.  Bernhard  Schaefer,  who  conducted  it  alooe  for  six  yeais  and  in  1890  admitted  into  partnership  Mr.  Eble. 

PH.  COLLINS,  Manufacturer  of  Horse  Collars.  No.  10  Peck  Slip  —Among  the  active  and  enterprising  mercliants  of  this  portion  of 
the  city  is  Mr.  P.  H.  Collins,  who  established  this  business  in  1878.  His  premises  comprise  a  spacious  and  commodious  upper  fioor^ 
2b  X  75  feet  in  dimensions,  at  No.  10  Peck  Slip,  where  steady  employment  is  furnished  to  three  capable  hands.  Mr.  Collins'  business 
•  is  of  a  special  and  most  important  character.  He  is  a  manufacturer  of  horse  collars,  and  in  this  respect  commands  a  trade  that  is 
gathered  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  It  is  principally  order  work— a  full  stock  of  all  grades  of  collars  being  carried— and 
horae  collars  of  every  description,  in  the  rough  and  in  the  finished  state,  are  manufactured  with  great  despatch  from  the  best  material  and 
in  the  highest  style  of  workmanship.  By  his  energy  and  adaptability  to  circumstances  Mr.  Collins  has  developed  and  retained  this  prosper- 
ous trade  for  his  house,  and  during  all  his  long  business  career  has  gained  the  esteem  and  respect,  as  well  as  the  confidence  of  all  who  have 
had  dealings  with  him.    Mr.  Collins  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  has  lived  in  the  United  States  since  1857. 


View  from  :i3D  Street  "  L"  Station  looking  South. 


r-w-oHN  W.  RUSSELL,  Commission  Timber  Dealer,  No.  200  Broadway.— One  of  the  old  time-honored  and  representative  city  commis- 
-.  I  sion  timber  dealers  is  the  gentleman  whose  name  appears  in  the  caption  of  this  sketch.  It  is  now  thirty -one  years  since  Mr.  Rus- 
VM  I  sell  fii-st  began  business  as  a  commission  dealer  in  ail  kinds  of  timber,  and  few  men  are  to-day  so  widely  and  favorably  known  in 
\m  the  trade.  Sir.  Russell  has  offices  at  the  above  address  and  possesses  unrivaled  facilities  for  promptly  and  satisfactorily  trans- 
acting any  business  in  his  line.  Through  an  extensive  and  valuable  connection  with  timber  manufacturers,  he  is  enabled  to  fill  all 
orders  for  timber  for  whatever  purpose  it  may  be  desired.  His  upright,  honorable  business  methods  have  won  for  him  the  substantial  re- 
gard of  a  trade  reaching  pretty  much  all  over  the  country,  and  he  is  generally  respected  as  one  of  the  leading  and  most  enterprising  mer- 
chants in  his  line.     I\Ir.  Russell  is  a  native  of  Newton  Falls,  ■\lassachusett«. 


293  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK!. 

OTfC  HANN  &  BRO.,  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Glycerine,  Dye-Stuffs  and  Chemicals.  No.  3C8  Water  Street.— The  trade  in  gly 
(Marine,  dye-stuffs  and  chemicals  has  greatly  increased  in  volume  during  the  past  generation.  The  very  eminent  and  responsible  firm 
now  known  as  Oito  Hann  &  Brc.  has  not  only  been  closely  identified  with  tiK*  business  during  the  whole  of  the  time  named,  but  has 
been  one  of  chtf  lt*admg  Hrms  engaged  in  its  manufacture,  importation  and  supply.  The  business  was  founded  in  the  year  \i^2  by 
Louis  Pokorny.  to  whom  Mr.  Otto  Hann  succeeded  in  1878.  The  latter  was  joined  by  his  brother  in  1891,  when  the  present  trading 
title  was  adopted.  Scientific  methods  have  been  adopted  in  manufacture,  foreign  products  being  procured  direct  from  the  most  reliable  of 
European  houses,  and  tlie  mercantile  department  being  organized  and  directed  in  the  same  active  manner.  In  this  connection  it  may  be 
remarked  that  the  two  experiencetl  traveling  salesmen,  representing  its  interests  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  in  all  sections  of  which  it  is  fav- 
orably known  and  liberally  patronized,  are  well  versed  in  the  qualities  of  the  merchandise  they  handle,  and  generally  informed  as  to  the 
exact  purpose  to  which  each  kind  and  gi-ade  is  adapted.  At  the  address  named,  the  firm  has  a  store  '^  x  100  feet  in  size,  very  heavily  stocked 
in  each  line,  and  the  principals  are  here  assisted  by  a  staff  of  eight  competent  employees.  The  Messrs.  Hann  are  both  natives  of  Austria. 
but  they  have  resided  in  this  country  for  thirty  years 

SCHNARR  &  DEUUS,  JIanufacturers'  Agents,  No  115  Worth  Street.— Jlessrs.  Schnarr  &  DeHus.  manufacturers'  agents,  represent  many 
industrial  and  merchant  houses  in  England  and  Germany.  The  house  was  founded  eight  years  ago  by  its  present  talented  principals^ 
and  it  now  handles  nearly  every  description  of  dry  goods,  hosiery,  upholstery  goods,  etc.,  -its  trade  being  with  jobbers  in  all  parts  of 
the  Union.  The  enterpiising  houses  represented  place  it  in  a  position  to  offer  exceptional  inducements,  to  business  and  this  has  year 
by  year  added  to  its  couTiection,  until  there  are  now  few  leading  commercial  centers  in  which  it  has  not  regular  customei-s.  The. 
partners  are  Mr.  L.  Schaarr  and  Mr.  H.  W.  Belius,  both  of  German  birth,  who  have  won  general  personal  respect  a:^  well  as  business 
prosperity. 

rr  B.  LAURENCOT,  Importer  of  Watch  Glasses,  Optical  and  Fancy  Goods,  Mathematical  Instruments,  French  Clocks.  Musical  Boxes, 
— ^  I  Etc..  No.  33  Maiden  Lane.— Mr.  Laurencot  established  his  business  in  1809  and  through  the  superior  quality  of  goods  as  well  as  his 
V^  I  honorable  business  methods,  has  been  in  command  of  a  large  and  lucrative  trade  that  has  grown  apace  through  the  years  succeed- 
II*  ing.  In  every  line  which  he  imports  and  handles,  Mr.  Laurencot  has  made  it  an  unvaried  rule  to  handle  only  the  best  goods  made, 
and  to  sell  them  at  the  lowest  prices  compatible  with  carrying  out  this  system.  The  inevitable  reward  of  such  a  course  has  come 
in  the  best  class  of  trade  and  a  universal  confidence  in  the  house  thus  conducted.  Jewelers,  opticians,  mathematicians  and  musicians  are 
assured  that  every  purchase  made  of  this  house  is  as  represented  and  that  its  goods  are  selected  by  one  who  is  not  only  master  of  his  busi- 
ness but  chooses  to  exercise  that  knowledge,  m  giving  them  the  best  that  the  markets  of  the  world  afford.  His  New  York  store  is  a  model  of 
business-like  system  and  arrangement.  The  average  stock  carried  has  a  value  of  $50,000,  and  his  special  lines  of  watch  glasses  and  fancy 
goods  cannot  be  surpassed.  Mr.  Laurencot  is  a  fine  example  of  what  New  York  can  produce  in  the  way  of  business  men,  as  he  was  born  in 
the  city.    He  has  a  good  corps  of  assistants  and  several  men  on  the  road. 

^1  I      P.  JOHNSON  &  CO.,  Preparers  of  Box-wood.  Maple  and  Mahogany  for  Engravers'  Use.  No.  26  Beekman  Street.— On  the  best 
LM        authority  it  is  stated  that  there  are  only  five  houses  in  New  York  City  engaged  as  preparers  of  box-wood,  etc.,  for  engravers'  use, 
I    I        and  of  these  a  prominent  position  is  occupied  by  the  responsible  firm  of  Messrs.  A.  P.  Johnson  &  Co.    This  enterprise  was  estab- 
J  lished  by  the  present  proprietors,  Mr.  A.  P.  Johnson  and  Mr.  L.  P.  Carlson,  in  1873.  and  in  addition  to  the  preparation  of  box-wood, 

maple,  and  mahogany  for  engravers'  use,  the  blocking  of  the  electro,  stereo  and  metal  plates  is  undertaken,  and  engravers'  jobbing 
work  executed  in  the  best  possible  manner.  For  these  several  purposes  premises  are  maintained  at  the  address  noted,  consisting  of  a  work- 
shop. 20  X  GO  feet  in  area,  being  fitted  and  furnished  with  a  complete  equipment  of  machines,  tools  and  accessories  pertaining  to  the  trade, 
steam-power  being  the  motive  force  employed  and  eight  skilled  workers  regularly  engaged.  This  flourishing  business  reaches  to  all  parts  of 
the  United  States.  Mr.  Johnson  and  Mr.  Carlson  are  both  natives  of  Sweden,  and  have  resided  in  this  country  for  twenty-five  and  sixteen 
years,  respectively. 

itOSEPH  R.  E.  MOORE.  Hide  Broker,  No.  75  Gold  Street.— Mr.  Joseph  R.  E.  Moore,  the  well-known  and  highly  successful  broker  in 
— .  I  hides,  at  No.  75  Gold  Street,  has  been  actively  identified  with  the  business  interests  of  this  community  for  the  past  twenty-six  years, 
'^  I  commencing  this  enterprise  in  18tJ5.  He  is  what  is  known  as  a  broker  or  commission  agent  in  hides  of  every  description,  and  makes 
II  it  a  chief  fe*iture  of  his  business  to  supply  tanners  and  shoe  manufacturers  and  others  directly  interested  with  the  best  product  in 
the  market.  Rough  hides  are  the  great  specialty  of  the  house,  and  hemlock  and  oak-tanned  leather  are  extensively  handled.  Mr. 
Moore's  facilities  for  obtaining  the  best  grade  of  hides  at  the  lowest  market  prices  are  of  the  best  possible  character,  and  this  fact  is  no  more 
thoroughly  appreciated  than  by  his  extensive  circle  of  patrons,  who  are  distributed  all  over  the  United  States.  He  buys  and  sells  on  com- 
mission only  and  does  not  make  any  special  effort  to  gathei-  and  retain  a  standing  stock  of  goods.  Mr.  Moore  was  born  in  this  city,  and  is  a 
gentleman  in  the  prime  of  active  and  vigorous  manhood. 

rTyLBERT  WETZLER'S  SONS.  Oak.  Union  and  Hemlock  Sole  Leather,  Etc.,  No.  23  Ferry  Street.— The  time-honored  house  of  Albert 
LM      Wetzler's  Sons  is  conspicuous  for  the  enterprising  and  progressive  spirit  in  which  its  business  is  conducted,  the  enterprise  which 
I    I      induced  the  house  in  its  early  days  to  become  the  first  in  the  city  exporting  leather  to  England,  finding  its  counterpart  to-day  in  the 
/    ■'^     general  conduct  of  affairs.     The  business  had  its  inception  in  1850  at  the  hands  of  Mr.  Albert  Wetzler,  who  initialed  it  at  No.  90  Gold 
Street,  where  it  was  conducted  for  twenty-five  years,  being  thence  removed  to  its  pre-^ent  address  where  a  building  of  five  stories, 
witii  a  superficial  area  of  C250  feet  is  occupied.    In  1886  the  founder  died  and  then  it  was  that  the  two  sons.  Mr.  Louis  and  Mr.  Sigmund  Wetz- 
ler succeeded  to  the  propi'ietorship.    The  firm  handles  oak,  union  and  hemlock  sole  leather,  high  grade  scoured  oak  backs,  flexible  inner  sol- 
ing and  welt  leather,  shoulders,  bellies  and  heads  and  all  kinds  of  leather  remnants,  a  huge  stock  of  each  kind  being  carried  on  its  spacious 
premises.    The  business  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  besides  conducting:  a  heavy  export  business;  this  having  grown  up  in 
response  to  the  exceptionally  advantageous  terms  on  which  the  house  is  able  to  offer  the  various  kinds  of  leather  which  its  large  resources 
enable  it  to  procure  at  inside  market  rates.     Both  Mr.  Louis  and  Mr.  Sigmund  Wetzler  are  natives  of  this  state  and  their  business  ability  is 
shown  in  the  management  of  this  famous  old  business. 

rrrVGVST  HOFMANN,  Manufacturing  Jeweler,  No.  42  John  Street.  Room  No.  6.— Occupying  a  prominent  place  among  the  manufac- 
fj      turing  jewelers  of  this  city  is  the  establishment  of  Mr.  August  Hofmann  at  the  above  address,  which  although  only  in  operation  for 
I    I      three  years  is  already  the  scene  of  a  flourishing  trade.     Mr.  Hofmann,  who  is  a  German  by  birth,  came  to  the  United  States  sixteen 
J  years  ago  and  went  to  work  at  his  trade  of  jeweler.     In  1887  lie  decided  to  embark  in  business  on  liis  own  account  and  fitted  up  a 

well-equipped  workshop  at  No.  42  John  Street.  Mr.  Hofmann  is  a  skillful  mechanic  and  a  thorough  master  of  the  jewelry  trade. 
Orders  poured  in  rapidly  and  so  much  satisfaction  was  given  by  the  manner  in  which  they  were  executed  that  the  business  grew  apace  until 
now  Mr.  Hofmann  has  a  large  trade.  Mr.  Hofmann  is  more  than  a  mere  mechanic — he  is  an  artist,  a  fact  which  is  attested  to  by  the  many 
beautiful  designs  in  jewelry  whieli  he  has  produced.  He  also  gives  prompt  attention  to  orders  for  repairing  in  all  its  branches.  Mr.  Hof- 
mann is  a  young  man  who  is  bound  to  succeed  in  this  important  industry. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


299 


Central  Pahk— The  Fountain. 


rrr       W.  LEWIS.  Accountant,  Kemble  Building,  Room  No.  45,  No,  35  Whitehall  Street. -A  firm  well  worthy  of  prominent  mention  in 
ZJ        this  work,  is  that  of  Mr.  .A.  W.  Lewis,  who  inaugurated  this  business  in  18a5,  as  an  accountant,  auditor,  etc.,  and  practiced  with 
jt        great  success:  increasing  the  list  of  his  clients  every  succeeding  year.    In  1888,  he  initiated  a  new  branch,  viz.,  that  of  broker  in 
J  metal,  land  and  property  in  general,  and  in  this  line  he  met  with  as  liberal  a  share  of  patronage  as  had  been  accorded  to  him  as  an 

accountant;  his  connections  under  both  heads,  embracing  some  of  the  best  and  most  responsible  houses  in  the  city.  He  also 
undertakes  the  disposal  of  mines,  blast  furnaces,  iron-ore  fields,  etc.,  obtaining  the  fairest  prices  for  his  clients  and  arranging  the  transac- 
tions to  general  satisfaction.  As  an  accountant,  the  firm  undertakes  the  auditing  of  books,  the  preparation  of  balance  sheets,  financial 
statements,  etc..  the  adjustment  of  partnerships  and  all  kindred  matters,  of  commercial  accounting.  The  offices  are  well  appointed,  and 
are  furnished  with  books  of  reference,  records,  and  every  other  convenience  for  facilitating  the  transaction  of  the  large  volume  of  business 
done.  As  an  accountant,  the  firm  has  a  reputation  in  business  circles  for  accuracy,  promptness  and  expedition.  Mr.  Lewis  was  born  in 
Oswego  County,  New  York,  and  for  the  past  forty  years  has  lived  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn. 


T  HENRY"  LOHSEN,  Dealer  in  Fine  Groceries.  Wines,  Liquors,  Etc.,  No.  636  Sixth  Avenue.— A  house  which  has  enjoyed  a  rapidly 
increasing  business  from  tiie  date  of  its  establishment  is  the  ably  conducted  house  of  Jlr.  T.  Henry  Lohsen.  Mr.  Lohsen  is  a  native 
of  Germany,  of  about  middle  age,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  this  city  since  1873.  Having  a  wide  range  of  experience  in  this  special 
•  branch  of  trade  he  inaugurated  this  enterprise  on  his  own  responsibility  in  1880,  which  at  once  became  the  center  of  a  very  large, 
first  class  patronage.  His  store  is  fitted  up  with  every  convenience  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  trade.  The  stock  carried 
is  comprehensive,  being  replenished  daily  with  fresh  invoices  from  the  most  reliable  sources  of  supply,  and  embracing  the  very  purest  of 
choice,  new-crop  Oolong,  Y'oung  Hyson,  Souchong.  Gunpowder,  Imperial,  Japan,  English  breakfast  and  other  teas,  fragrant  Mocha,  Java, 
and  South  .\merican  coffees,  select  brands  of  hermetically  sealed  goods  in  tin  and  glass,  table  delicacies,  sauces,  relishes,  coniliments,  foreign 
and  domestic  fruits,  high-class  farinaceous  goods,  family  flour,  prime  dairy  and  fancy  creamery  butter,  foreign  and  domestic  cheese, 
bakers'  and  laundry  supplies,  and  fine  groceries  in  general.  He  also  carries  a  choice  and  carefully  selected  stock  of  foreign  and  domestic 
wines,  liquors,  ales,  beer,  and  cigars,  which  are  unsnrpas.sed  in  quality  and  unrivaled  in  flavor.  All  the  goods  sold  here  are  noted  for  their 
superiority  and  low  prices,  and  goods  are  delivered  free  of  charge.  Jlr.  Lohseu  is  a  pleasant,  agreeable  gentleman,  enterprising  and  honor- 
able, and  justly  merits  the  success  he  has  achieved  by  his  ability  and  mdustry. 


300  HISTOEY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

HB.  SHIMER  &  CO.,  Produce  Comraissiou  Merchants,  No.  8  Erie  Buildings,  Corner  Reade  and  Washington  Streets.— The  flrni  of 
R.  B.  Shimer  &  Co.,  wliose  head  has  been  prominently  identified  with  tlie  pi'oduce  commission  business  in  this  city  since  1859,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Shimer  &  Laing  for  twelve  years,  was  founded  in  April,  1889,  under  its  pi-esent  title.  To  all  intents  and 
•  purposes  the  business  remains  the  same,  and  it  has  been  located  in  its  present  eligible  premises  at  No.  8  Erie  Buildings,  at  the 
corner  of  Reade  and  Washington  Streets,  for  the  past  fourteen  years.  To  producers  and  purchasers  of  general  agricultural  mer- 
chandise, and  especially  to  those  who  are  concerned  in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  poultry  and  eggs,  the  house  is  very  widely  aud  favorably 
known.  Large  consignments  are  received  by  the  establishment  from  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  the  conunodi- 
ous  first  floor  and  basement  occupied  for  the  purposes  of  the  business  are  admirably  arranged  for  the  display  aud  temporary  storage  of  such 
produce  in  large  bulk.  They  are  moreover  provided  with  every  facility  for  tile  prompt  handling  of  the  goods  dealt  in,  aud  a  staiT  of  eight 
e;npioyees  are  regularly  engaged.  Mr.  Shimer  is  a  member  of  the  Produce  Exchange,  and  is  keen  in  taking  advantage  of  market  fluctua- 
tions ill  the  interests  of  the  firm's  clients. 

EASPINALL,  Importer  of  Sanitary  Earthenware,  and  Dealer  in  Plumbers'  Supplies,  Nos.  98  and  100  Beekman  Street.— This  gimtle- 
man  has  been  established  in  this  business  here  since  1860,  and  is  especially  prominent  in  trade  circles  as  sole  agent  in  the  United 
States  for  Thomas  W.  Twyford,  manufacturer  of  the  English  porcelain  bath  tubs,  wash  tubs,  etc.,  including  the  "  Crown  *'  porcelain 
*  baths,  "  Crown  "  porcelain  wash  tubs.  "  Crown  "  porcelain  sinks,  etc. .whose  potteries  at  Staffordshire,  England,  are  among  the  largest 
in  the  world.  The  "  Crown  "  porcelain  ware  is  unsurpassed  by  any  other  manufacture,  having  the  finest  form,  color  and  glaze.  They 
are,  also,  non-absorbent,  cannot  imbibe  any  impurity  or  convey  infection,  and  can  be  made  perfectly  clean  by  wiping  with  a  sponge.  They  are 
used  by  most  of  the  crowned  heads  of  Europe  and  in  the  principal  hotels,  asylums,  hospitals  and  otiier  institutions  throughout  Great  Britian  and 
the  European  continent.  All  earthenware  handled  by  this  house  is  of  the  best  English  manufacture  and  warranted  not  to  craze.  Mr.  Aspinall 
is  also  sole  agent  for  Aspinall's  celebrated  English  enamels,  manufactured  by  Aspinall,  Aspinall  &  Co.,  of  Peckam,  London,  England,  for 
art  furniture,  wicker  ware,  wood,  tables,  chairs,  metal,  earthenware,  glass,  stucco,  etc.,  for  indoor  and  outdoor  work.  This  firm  have  suc- 
ceeded in  producing  also  a  s[jecial  enamel  for  baths  that  will  stand  boiling  water.  For  years  past  this  has  been  attempted  by  many  scientific 
men  in  the  trade,  but  they  have  failed.  This  enamel  is  specially  recommended,  and  being  ready  for  use,  any  lady  or  gentleman  can  apply  it. 
This  is  the  only  real  enamel  which  stands  boiling  water.  Mr.  Aspinall  is  a  native  of  England  and  has  resided  In  this  country  since  1858.  He 
is  still  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  enjoys  a  well-deserved  reputation  for  strictly  honorable,  commercial  dealings. 

FWESEL  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  all  Kinds  of  Printers'  Materials,  No.  11  Spruce  Street— The  F. 
Wesel  Manufacturing  Co.,  was  established  in  1880,  and  under  the  firm  name  of  F.  Wesel  &  Co..  was  conducted  up  to  1889,  when  the 
business  was  duly  incorporated  and  the  present  style  adopted,  F.  Wesel  being  the  president  and  manager,  and  E.  Stephany,  secre- 
•  tary  and  treasurer.  They  occupy  the  whole  of  a  commodious  flve-story  building,  equipi^ed  with  ample  steam-power  and  all  the 
latest  improved  machinery  and  general  appurtenances,  and  employ  forty-flve  in  help,  besides  several  representatives  on  the  road. 
They  manufacture  a  distinctly  superior  class  of  brass  rules,  galleys,  job  sticks?,  steel  composing  sticks,  prsof  presses,  frames,  wrought  iron 
chases,  make-up  tables,  stereotype  chases,  type  washing  and  cooling  apparatus,  brass  circles,  furniture  quoins,  wrought  iron  case  stands  and 
kindred  articles  of  every  description,  furnishing  complete  outfits  for  newspaper  and  job  ofllces.  and  their  productions  command  an  immense 
sale  throughout  the  United  States.  A  vast  and  varied  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  here,  and  embraces  everything  compre- 
liended  in  printers'  materials  and  supplies.  Every  article  leaving  the  establishment  is  warranted  as  to  workmanship  and  material,  all  goods 
sold  being  of  the  company's  own  manufacture. 

WS.  GURNEE.  JR.  &  CO.,  Bankers  and  Brokers,  No.  80  Broaflway.— One  of  the  principal  firms  engaged  as  bankers  and  brokers 
in  this  city  is  that  of  \V.  S.  Gurnee,  Jr.  &  Co.  Tlie  business  of  this  widely  known  house  was  organized  in  1868  by  E.  P.  Scott  & 
Co.,  and  in  1874  the  present  owners  came  into  control,  the  co-partners  being  Mr.  W.  S.  Gurnee.  Jr.  and  his  brother.  Mr.  A.  C. 
•  Gurnee.  These  gentlemen  are  natives  of  Chicago,  and  have  resided  in  the  metropolis  since  1860.  Their  family  was  one  of  the 
most  prominent  in  the  Queen  City,  and  their  father,  Mr.  W.  S.  Gurnee,  Sr.,  served  at  one  time  as  mayor  of  Chicago.  Mr.  W.  S.  Gur- 
nee, Jr.,  has  been  a  memlier  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  since  1869,  and  is  popularly  known  to  his  fellow  associates  of  that  institution.  The 
firm  possess  every  requisite  facility  for  the  transaction  of  business,  and  carry  on  active  operations  in  the  purchase  aud  sale  of  stocks,  bonds, 
and  investment  securities  of  all  kinds,  on  margins  or  for  cash.  They  have  correspondents  in  the  principal  cities,  and  the  latest  market  quo- 
tations are  always  available  at  their  office,  and  all  commissions  entrusted  to  them  are  carried  out  in  the  most  acceptable  manner. 

VJI.  H.  W.\RD  &  CO..  Manufacturers  and  Importers  of  Linen  Writing  Papers.  No.  68  Beekman  Street.— Special  reference  is  here 
made  of  the  house  of  Wm.  H.  Ward  &  Co.,  whose  New  York  house  is  situated  at  No.  68  Beekman  Street,  who  also  have  a  Lon- 
don house,  while  their  factories  are  located  in  Belfast,  Ireland.  This  house  is  an  off-shoot  of  the  world-famous  establishment  of 
Marcus  Ward  &  Co  ,  of  London,  which  is  the  oldest,  largest  and  finest  in  the  world  engaged  in  the  pi-oduction  of  linen  writing 
papers.  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Ward  is  a  son  of  Jlr.  Marcus  Ward.  He  was  the  most  active  partner  in  developing  the  English  and  Ameri- 
can branches  of  Marcus  Ward  &  Co.  In  IS'tS  in  company  with  Mr.  R.  Ward  Carroll,  grandson  of  Marcus  Ward,  the  firm  of  Wm.  H.  Ward 
&  Co.,  was  organized,  and  the  new  house  was  not  long  in  gaining  a  prestige  as  high  as  that  which  is  attached  to  its  progenitor.  The  premises 
occupied  in  this  city  comprise  a  four-story  building  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  and  admirably  equipped  with  every  convenience  and  all 
requisite  appliances.  The  firm  manufacture  the  finest  linen  writing  papers  possible  for  improved  machinery,  the  best  materials,  practiced 
artisans,  skill  and  science  combined  to  produce,  and  carry  at  all  times  a  stock  sufficient  to  meet  promptly  orders  of  the  greatest  magnitude. 
The  leading  specialties  are:  geruiine  Irish  linen  papers,  folding  cabinets,  papeteries  and  tablets.  Mr.  Ward  is  a  native  of  Belfast,  Ii-elaad, 
and  looks  after  the  firm's  interest  in  the  old  country.  Mr.  Carroll  is  a  native  of  Belfast,  but  a  long  resident  of  New  York,  and  is  in  charge  of 
their  establishment  in  this  city. 

TW.  LANGSTROTH,  Manufacturer  of  and  Dealer  in  Horse  Clothing,  Etc.,  No.  "6  Beekman  Street —This  old  established  house, 
founded  and  conducted  by  Mr.  T.  W,  Langstroth,  is  well  worthy  of  particular  notice.  Mr.  Langstroth  is  a  manufacturer  of  and 
dealer  in  horse  clothing  of  every  class  and  description.  The  fine  goods  carried  in  stock  includes  a  splenilid  assortment 
•  of  linen  sheets,  blankets  and  hoods,  fancy  quarter  blankets,  elegant  French  gig  and  pad  housings,  riding  saddle  cloths,  etc.,  and  a 
special  department  is  devoted  to  the  execution  of  lettering  and  monograms,  a  branch  of  the  business  in  which  the  greatest  perfect- 
tion  of  style  and  workmanship  has  been  attained.  Mr.  T.  W.  Langstroth  pays  particular  attention  to  the  prompt  execution  of  all  orders 
entrusted  to  his  care.  The  premises  occupied  for  business  have  a  capacity  of  about  25  x  100  feet,  and  are  most  convenient  in  their 
arrangement  and  fitting  up.  The  trade  done  by  this  well-known  house  is  very  widely  distributed,  and  embraces  all  sections  of  the  country, 
t'.ie  articles  handled  having  long  acquired  the  highest  reputation  for  style,  workmanship  and  general  excellence.  Mr.  T.  W.  Langstroth  is 
now  about  middle  age.  He  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  has  been  honorably  identified  with  his  present  prosperous  establishment  for 
nearly  twenty  years. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


301 


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taciimn  NEWVORKi, 


This  is  not  only  one  of  the  most  popular  but  one  of  the  oldest  established  houses  of  the 
kind  in  the  city,  Mr.  yiomon  having  originally  started  in  business  in  1867  at  No.  :i8ti  Sec- 
find  Street.  Forced  by  the  rapid  growth  of  his  trade  to  seek  more  commodious  quar- 
ters, he  removed  in  187'J  to  bis  present  eligible  location.  The  premises  occupied  consist 
of  a  spacious  and  commodious  store,  TO  x  50  feet  in  dimensions,  and  admirably  arranged 
for  the  inspection  and  display  of  goods.  Mr.  Slomon  keeps  constantly  on  hand  and 
manufactures  to  order  badges,  rosettes,  and  society  supplies  of  every  description. 
A  specialty  is  made  of  fancy  dancing  order.?,  in  which  branch  llr.  Slomon  has 
attained  a  wide  celebrity.  About  a  year  ago  he  opened  a  branch  establishment  at  No. 
;i8  Myrtle  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  where  will  be  found  a  full  line  of  all  the  goods  for  which 
he  has  obtained  such  an  enviable  reputation,  and  where  all  orders  for  manufacturuig 
wdl  receive  prompt  attention.  Mr.  Slomon  supplies  all  the  most  prominent  societies 
with  goods,  and  is  the  acknowledged  leader  in  his  branch  of  commercial  activity.  He 
is  a  native  of  England,  but  has  resided  in  this  country  for  overy  thirty-four  years. 


TS.  WILDER,  Sail  Maker,  and  Dealer  in  Duck,  Bolt  Rope,  Etc.,  No.  32  South  Street.— One  of  the  oldest,  ablest  and  best  known  sail 
makers  in  New  York  is  Mr.  T.  S.  Wilder.  Mr.  Wilder  has  been  established  at  the  present  site  since  1861,  and  his  experience  in  the 
business  covers  a  period  of  forty  years,  during  which  he  has  won  a  reputation  for  superior  work  second  to  none.  The  premises. 
•  consisting  of  two  floors,  *  x  100  feet  each  in  size,  are  well  arranged  for  the  purpose,  and  supplied  with  all  the  modern  conveniences 
and  facilities  for  the  advantageous  prosecution  of  the  business.  From  eight  to  ten  expert  sail  makers  are  employed,  and  all 
descriptions  of  sails  from  the  daintiest  yacht  equipment  to  the  heaviest  ship  or  steamer  rig,  are  made  up  in  the  highest  degree  of  perfection 
in  cut,  tit,  materials  and  general  workmanship.  Mr.  Wilder  also  carries  a  full  stock  of  duck,  bolt  rope  and  sail  makers'  materials  generally. 
He  makes  anything  to  order  out  of  canvas,  duck,  etc.,  and  the  large  and  widely  extended  trade  of  the  establishment  shows  its  popularity  as 
a  source  of  supply.  Mr.  Wilder  was  born  in  Maine,  where  he  early  learned  and  became  an  expert  at  his  trade.  He  came  to  this  city  thirty 
years  ago,  and  has  since  ranked  among  the  representative  and  best  known  New  York  sail  makers.  Mr.  Jas.  E.  Damon,  the  foreman  of  the 
establishment,  is  also  a  Maine  man,  and  came  to  this  city  with  Mr.  Wilder,  in  whose  employ  he  has  since  continued. 

GEORGE  B.  KURD  &  CO.,  Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in  Fine  Stationery.  Nos.  "7  and  79  Beekman  Street.— In  both  the  industrial 
and  mercantile  branches  of  the  fine  stationery  trade,  a  very  notable  and  prominent  house  is  that  of  Messrs.  George  B.  Hurd  jt  Co..  of 
Nos.  77  and  79  Beekman  Street,  New  York,  the  firm  having  been  founded  in  1879,  and  is  composed  of  George  B.  and  F.  B.  Hurd. 
brothers,  and  have  become  recognized  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  as  among  the  most  eminent  of  manufacturers  of  and  dealers 
in  fine  stationery.  For  the  purposes  of  the  business,  four  upper  floors,  each  no  less  than  50  x  125  feet  in  expanse,  are  occupied,  these 
being  equipped  in  the  most  complete  style  for  manufacturing  purposes,  and  fitted  up  in  a  manaer  admirably  adapted  for  the  carrying  of  a 
large  stock  respectively.  In  the  former  department  steam-power  is  freely  used  in  the  manufacture  of  high  grade  envelopes  and  note  paper, 
a  large  proportion  of  the  two  hundred  employees  of  the  house  being  engaged  in  this  pursuit,  the  remainder  being  busily  occupied  in  execu- 
tive duties.  This  house  are  the  sole  agents  for  the  famous  fine  paper  manufacturers  of  Z.  and  W.  M.  Crane,  the  Quadrille  and  pattern  paper 
manufactured  by  the  well-known  firm  of  Augustine  Smith  &  Co..  and  L.  L.  Brown  Paper  Co.'s  hand  made  papers.  In  virtue  of  these,  and  also 
of  its  own  well-organized  industry,  it  is  able  to  offer  to  stationery  houses,  printing  and  lithographing  establishments  unexcelled  inducements  to 
business,  and  a  trade  of  great  volume  with  all  parts  of  the  Union  and  many  foreign  countries  results.  Mr.  George  B.  Hurd,  who  devotes  his 
personal  attention  sedulously  to  the  affairs  of  the  business,  is  a  gentleman  who  was  born  in  this  city,  and  is  well  known  and  highly  respected 
in  the  business  circles  of  this  city.  Mr.  Frank  B.  Hurd  has  the  manufacturing  department  of  the  immense  factory  entirely  under  his  con- 
trol, and  by  this  arrangement  the  enormous  volume  of  business  is  directly  under  the  supervision  of  the  sole  partners. 

TT  T|"        F.  PECK,  Commission  Merchant,  No.  3-34  Washington  Street.—The  business  of  Mr.  M.  F.  Peck,  as   a  commission  merchant 
l\l\         in  domestic  fruits  and  produce  of  all  kinds,  has  been  marked  by  uniform  and  consistent  progress  of  so  pronounced  a  type 
/        1         that  the  firm  ranks  to-day  as  among  the  soundest  and   most  representative  of  its  kind  in   the  city.     He  handles  large   sup- 
"^  •    plies  of  produce  of  all  kinds,  heavy  consignments  are  coming  to  and  going  from  his  salesrooms  with  great  frequency.    The  in- 

coming consignments  are  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  out  going  shipments,  while  largely  for  city  and  vicinity 
traders,  include  supplies  for  a  number  of  near  and  remote  centers  of  the  country.  The  business  done  is  upon  commission,  and  every 
solicitude  is  shown  by  the  conscientious  principal  for  the  interests  of  those  who  entrust  their  affairs  to  the  house,  just  market  rates 
being  regularly  obtained  for  their  produce,  and  settlements  being  punctually  made.  The  liberal  support  which  has  resulted  finds  its  ex- 
pression in  a  volume  of  business  which  gives  busy  employment  to  a  staff  of  from  four  to  six  helpers.  The  enhanced  facilities  secured  by 
the  removal  from  the  old  premises  at  No.  101  Park  Place,  two  years  ago,  to  those  now  occupied,  permit  of  all  the  affairs  of  the  establishment 
being  conducted  in  a  thoroughly  systematic  manner.    Mr.  Peck  was  born  in  Connecticut. 


HOLLAND  STATIONERY  CO.,  E.  F.  Friebele,  Manager,  Stationers,  Printers,  Lithographers,  Engravers,  and  Blank  Book  Manufac- 
turers, No.  161  Fulton  Street.— A  very  old  and  reliable  printing  and  stationery  house,  under  the  title  of  the  Holland  Stationery  Co., 
stationers,  printers,  lithographers,  engravers  and  blank  bonk  manufacturers,  at  No.  161  Fulton  Street.    January  11,  1891  the  present 
Arm,  of  which  Mr.  E.  F.  Friebele  is  manager,  has  conducted  the  business  many  years  in  Harlem.    Mr.  Friebele  is  a  native  of  this  city 
and  has  Income  one  of  the  best  known  men  in  the  stationery  line.    He  does  a  large  business  and  carries  about  S3,000  worth  of  stock. 
He  has  a  trade  among  the  most  desirable  classes  of  business  and  professional  men,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  manufacturing  blank  books, 
fine  printing,  and  stylographic  pens.    Mr.  Friebele  has  worked  hard  and  faithfully  to  increase  his  trade  and  is  rapidly  working  to  the  frnrt. 
He  is  a  man  of  sterling  business  methods  and  popular  among  all  of  his  patrons. 


302 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


BRACY,  SEDDON  &  BOOTH,  Agents  for  the  Yost  Writing  Machine,  No.  343  Broadway.— In  the  whole  history  of  modern  inventions 
there  lias  been  introduced  no  more  useful  and  ingenious  device  than  the  writing  machine.  Like  all  other  great  labor  saving  devices, 
too,  notable  improvement  has  been  effected  in  the  typewriter  since  its  first  appearance  in  the  domain  of  utility,  until  a  high  degree 
of  perfection  has  been  attained  therein.  But  while  It  is  worthy  of  note,  that  all,  or  nearly  all  tlie  apparatus  of  the  character  indi- 
cated now  on  the  market  possess  unequivocal  features  of  merit  to  recommend  them  to  favor,  it  is  equally  a  fact,  that  for  general  ex- 
cellence none  yet  introduced  to  public  notice  can  compare  with  the  deserveiUy  popular  Yost  Writing  Machine,  for  which  Messrs.  Bracy,  Sed- 
don  &  Booth,  of  No.  343  Broadway,  are  general  agents  in  New  York.  The  "  Y'obt "  is  an  article  of  exceptional  merit,  the  most  perfect,  effect- 
ive, complete,  easily  operated  and  altogether  superior  appliance  of  the  kind  ever  invented,  and  is  in  wide-spread  and  rapidly  increasing  demand 
everywhere.  It  is,  in  short,  the  Jie  plus  ultra  of  writing  machines;  and  of  the  superiority  thereof,  certainly  no  more  unfailing  criterion  could 
be  adduced  than  the  extensive  sale  it  commands,  over  seven  thousand  being  alieaily  in  use  throughout  tlie  United  States,  although  on  the 
market  less  than  three  years.  The  "  Yost  "  combines  all  the  best  features  of  the  various  styles  of  typewriters  and  has  several  distinctly 
meritorious  features  which  none  other  can  lay  claim  to.    The  Yost  Writing  .Machiue  is  built  upon  an  idea.    That  idea  is— that  in  any  line  of 


mechanical  working  long  experience  develops  opportunities  for  improvement.  The  typewriter  Inne  since  past  its  experimental  stage  and  is 
now  a  widely  recognized  necessity.  For  more  than  a  decade  the  various  styles  of  leading  machines  have  demonstrated  their  strong  and 
weak  points.  The  strong  points  have  been  so  strong  that  very  many  weak  points  have  been  overlooked.  Yet  they  exist,  and  it  is  apparent 
t<5  any  careful  observer  that  there  is  a  genuine  want  for  a  typewriter  which  is,  first  of  all.  simple:  that  will  hold  its  alignment  and  need  no 
expert  repairs;  that  is  thoroughly  durable,  yet  light  and  reasonably  portable;  that  does  away  with  unclean  and  expensive  ribbons;  prints 
clearly  and  directly  from  the  type,  manifolds  well,  and  has  a  much  softer,  quicker  and  more  noiseless  action.  Mr.  G.  W.  N.  Y'ost,  more  than 
any  other  one  man,  is  the  pioneer  of  writing  machines.  He  was  the  creator  and  pi-nmoter  of  the  two  standard  machines  which  with  about 
equally  divided  honors,  hold  the  world's  market  to-day.  During  the  years  which  have  intervened,  and  while  these  original  models  have  con- 
tinued in  the  ascendant,  having  surrounded  himself  with  the  best  inventive  talent  to  be  found  in  this  special  field,  he  has  at  length  produced 
a  typewriter  which,  in  respect  to  all  these  points  of  substantial  utility,  is  a  long  and  comprehensive  stride  ahead  of  all  preiiecessors.  The 
"  Yost  "  is  very  neat  in  design,  compact  and  convenient  to  handle  when  traveling,  and  is  made  with  a  handsomely  finished  dust-proof  case. 
It  is  constructed  on  new  and  scientific  principles,  from  the  best  available  material,  by  expert  workmen,  and  every  one  sold  is  warranted  to 
render  satisfaction.  These  machines  are  manufactured  by  the  Y'ost  Writing  Machine  Co.  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  upward  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  hands  are  employed  there  in  the  factoi-y.  The  quarters  occupied  at  No.  34:5  Broailway.  this  city,  are  commodious,  ample  and  taste- 
fully fitted  up,  and  an  efflcient  staff  of  clerks  and  salesmen  are  here  employed,  Messrs.  Bracy,  Seddon  and  Booth  exercising  immediate  super- 
vision over  every  detail  of  the  business  of  the  New  York  agency.  A  large  and  complete  assortment  is  constantly  carried  in  stock  here, 
including  typewriters  and  supplies;  and  all  orders  by  telephone  receive  prompt  attention,  while  the  prices  prevailing  are  extremely  moderate, 
character  and  excellence  of  the  productions  considered,  substantial  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade. 

GIRSCH  &  ZENKE,  Lithographers,  No.  87  Frankfort  Street.  -No  trade  or  branch  of  industry  is  better  represented  in  New  Y'ork  City 
than  lithographing,  and  of  its  exponents  none  are  more  worthy  of  praise  than  the  firm  of  Girsch  and  Zenke.  The  business  was 
established  eight  years  ago;  its  rise,  progress  and  development  have  been  marked  with  success.  Their  facilities  for  the  execution  of 
bonds,  certificates  of  stock,  exchanges,  checks  and  commercial  blanks,  labels  in  colors  or  liiack  and  white,  are  unsurpassed.  Designs 
of  the  latest  style,  always  original,  combining  art  with  the  commercial,  attract  attention  wherever  submitted.  The  reputation 
achieved  by  this  firm  has  been  won  in  the  face  of  fierce  competition,  by  merit,  close  and  personal  attention  to  business  by  two  thoroughly 
practical  men.  Constant  attention  to  every  detail  of  their  customers'  wishes,  insuring  the  most  perfect  work  throughout,  have  gained  for 
tliem  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  their  triemls,  which  they  have  justly  deserved.  Messrs.  Girsch  &  Zenke  are  always  prepared  to  prove 
their  ability  to  any  one  requiring  work  in  their  line,  and  will  be  pleased  for  an  opportunity  to  aiid  another  customer  to  tliejr  already  steady 
clientage. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  803 

*-W-OHN  SPRINGER.  Manufacturer  of  Fine  Cloth  Hats.  Caps  and  Novelties,  No.  54  West  Houston  Street.— The  manufacture  of  fine  cloth 
— .  I  hats  and  caps  is  one  of  great  magnitude,  which  is  sufHciently  evidenced  by  the  operations  of  this  prominent  old  house  alone,  the 
\^  I  three  spacious  floors  it  occupies,  each  35  x80  feet  in  expanse,  being  equipped  with  a  great  number  of  the  most  perfect  machines,  and, 
1  I  despite  the  productiveness  wliich  these  facilitate,  regular  work  being  found  for  thirty-five  trained  operatives.  Cloth  hats  and  caps  of 
the  finest  description  are  made  in  an  infinite  variety  of  styles,  shapes  and  sizes,  and  a  stock  of  great  bulk  is  at  all  times  carried  to  en- 
a)ile  tlie  firm  to  fill  orders,  reaching  it  by  every  mail  from  its  numerous  customers  afar  and  near,  with  the  necessary  celerity;  various  cloth 
novelties  being  also  largely  made  as  well  as  the  hats  and  caps  forming  the  st-aple  feature  of  the  industry.  The  firm  is  one  of  very  old  stand- 
ing, it  liaving  been  founded  as  far  back  as  the  year  1867.  and  the  great  eminence  it  has  attained,  while  largely  due  to  the  splendid  equipment 
and  organization  of  its  factory,  and  the  unrivaled  resources  possessed  in  the  matter  of  procuring  supplies  of  materials  under  exceptionally 
favorable  conditions,  is  also  Uue.  in  no  small  measure,  to  the  personal  influence  of  the  experienced  and  painstaking  proprietor,  who  has 
gained  and  kept  the  good-will  of  retailers  by  the  closeness  with  which  he  has  watched  and  gauged  the  requirements  of  the  markets.  A 
native  of  Berlin.  Gertnany.  he  is  about  fifty  years  of  age,  has  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in  this  city,  and  now  occupies  a  position  in  the 
front  ranks  of  his  industry. 

pff  I      FROELICH.  Manufacturer  of  Repairs  for  Stoves,  Ranges  and  Heaters.  John  M.  Wolf,  Manager,  No.  289  Pearl  Street.— This  prosper- 
13        ous  concern  was  established  in  1876  by  A.  Froelich  (deceased),  who  conducted  the  .same  up  to  January  13.  ISSG,  when  his  death  oc- 
I    I        curred.     At  the  period  indicated  the  estate  of  A.  Froelich  assumed  control,  and  with  John  JI.  Wolf  as  manager,  still  trading  under 
J  the  original  firm  name,  they  manufacture  a  very  superior  class  of  repairs  for  stoves,  ranges  and  heaters,  and  has  an  extensive 

trade.  The  foundry,  which  is  situated  at  Nos.  42  to  46  Sanford  Street,  extending  through  to  Walworth  Street.  Brooklyn,  is  a  com- 
modious establishment,  equipped  with  steam-power  and  all  the  latest  improved  machinery  and  general  appurtenances,  and  upward  of 
twenty-five  skilled  hands  are  there  employed.  Tlie  premises  occupied  as  office  and  warehouse  at  No.  289  Pearl  Street,  comprise  the  whole  of 
a  five-story  building,  25  x  100  feet,  with  ample  and  complete  facilities,  including  electric  power,  and  ten  or  more  of  a  staff  are  here  employed. 
A  vast  and  varied  SLssortment  is  constantly  kept  in  stock,  comprising  stove,  range,  heater  and  furnace  repairs  of  every  description,  and  all 
orders  are  attended  to  in  the  most  prompt  and  trustworthy  manner.  Every  article  off"ered  for  sale  here  is  fully  warranted,  while  bottom 
prices  are  quoted,  exceptional  inducements  being  offered  to  the  trade;  and  relations  once  established  with  this  popular  and  responsible  house 
are  certain  to  lead  to  a  permanent  business  connection.  Mr.  Wolf,  the  manager,  is  a  gentleman  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  is  a  native  of  New- 
York  state.  He  is  a  young  man  of  energy  and  excellent  business  abihty.  thoroughly  reliable  in  his  dealings,  and.  unless  all  signs  fail,  his 
success  is  bound  to  endure  and  increase. 

FELIX  FOURNIER  &  KNOPF.  Importers  of  French  Calfskins.  Glazed  and  Mat  Kids,  Shoe  Buttons,  (TM)  Slarcerou  Blacking,  Etc., 
No.  32  Spruce  Street. —An  importing  iiouse  in  the  leather  trade  occupying  a  conspicuous  position  in  the  front  ranks  of  its  line 
is  that  of  Messrs.  Felix  Fournier  &  Knopf,  of  No.  36  Spruce  Street;  the  business  having  had  its  inception  in  1864,  at  the 
hands  of  Mr.  E.  Fournier,  and  the  present  partners,  Mr.  Felix  Fournier  and  Mr.  A.  E.  Knopf,  succeeding  in  1880.  The  firm, 
which  has  an  important  branch  at  No.  103  Rue  Lafayette.  Paris,  is  famed  for  the  pronoimcedly  high-grade  and  distinctly  reliable 
goods  it  handles,  and  commands,  in  consequence,  a  trade  in  all  sections  of  the  Union  and  in  Canada,  with  the  leading  fine  shoe  man- 
ufacturers and  others;  the  merchandise  it  imports  embracing  French  calfskins,  glazed  and  mat  kids,  shoe  buttons.  "■  T  M ''  Marcerou 
blacking,  and  other  shoemakers'  supplies,  these  being  procured  and  offered  at  prices  so  low  relatively  to  their  intrinsic  value  as  to  give 
the  three  commercial  travelers  representing  the  interests  of  the  house  a  powerful  leverage  for  business,  and  one  that  is  well  used,  as  may  be 
judged  by  the  character  of  the  premises.  These  which  are  25  x  100  feet  in  superficial  area  and  five  stories  in  height  the  partners  bought  in 
1885  for  $41,500,  a  good  bargain,  as  events  showed,  since  they  sold  it  in  IMarch  last  to  Mr.  Richard  Young  for  $53,000.  subject  to  a  lease  exi^ir- 
ing  in  1S98.  Here  a  huge  stock,  including  a  wide  range  of  well-selected  goods,  is  at  all  times  carried,  and  eight  experienced  employees  are 
briskly  engaged  in  meeting  the  demands  upon  the  establishment.  Mr.  Felix  Fournier  was  born  in  New  Orleans  and  represents  the  firai  in 
Paris.  Sir.  A.  E.  Knopf  came  to  this  country  from  France  twenty  years  ago.  Both  are  middle-aged  gentleman  and  are  esteemed  in  social 
circles  as  well  as  prominent  in  connection  with  their  business. 

ROBERT  M.  CLARE.  Leather.  No.  22  Spruce  Street.— A  responsible  firm  engaged  in  this  city  as  a  wholesale  dealer  in  domestic  leather, 
controlling  a  trade  bounded  only  by  the  confines  of  the  Union,  is  that  of  Mr.  Robert  M.  Clare,  located  at  N,o.  22  Spruce  Street,  whose 
honorable  methods  of  tratling  and  consummate  skill  in  executing  all  commissions  entrusted  to  its  care,  have  been  mainly  instru- 
mental in  elevating  the  firm  to  the  foremost  position  in  the  trade  which  it  now  occupies,  and  in  its  being  accorded  the  very  general 
confidence  it  now  enjoys.  The  business  was  established  in  1870,  by  Messrs.  Clare  Brothel's;  the  present  proprietor  having  succeeded 
to  sole  control  of  affairs  in  1880,  when  his  brother.  Mr.  C.  C.  Clare,  was  drowned  in  Long  Island  Sound.  The  principal  duties  of  the  house 
consist  in  the  purchase  of  all  kinds  of  domestic  leather,  skins,  etc.;  of  which  grain  splits,  buff.  kid.  calf  and  sheep  leather  are  among  the 
chief  lines  dealt  in.  Of  these  as  well  as  of  many  other  kinds,  a  large  and  comprehensive  stock  is  always  carried  on  the  premises;  which 
latter  consist  of  a  well  appointed  store.  25  x  75  feet  in  dimensions,  where  four  competent  assistants  find  regular  employment.  Every  detail 
of  the  enterprise  is  conducted  uu'ler  the  close  personal  care  and  attention  of  the  principal,  Mr.  Robert  M.  Clare,  who  is  as  well  known  in 
mercantile  circles  for  his  sound  ability  and  well  directed  energy,  as  for  his  inflexible  integrity  and  unsullied  record  as  a  merchant  and 
dealer. 

•W~%  H.  KELLER  &  CO..  Importers  of  Fine  Watch  and  French  Clock  Materials.  Swiss.  English.  French  and  German  Files,  Tools.  Etc., 

I    /gj       No.  64  Nassau  Street.— For  tlxe  past  thirty -eight  years,  the  house  of  L.  H.  Keller  &  Co.  lias  been  recognized  as  prominent  in  the 

I   \       business  world,  and  a  leader  in  the  trade  which  it  has  so  long  carried  on  with  a  degree  of  success  that  bespeaks  the  ablest  nianage- 

—    *  ment,  the  best  class  of  goods,  and  the  utmost  reliability.    The  firm  is  composed  of  F.  J.  Boesse.  Adolph  and  Hugo  P.  Keller, 

cousins,  who  were  born  in  this  city,  whose  knowledge  of  their  trade  has  been  almost  life  long,  and  whose  business  standing  is  that 

of  pushing,  competent  and  straightforward  merchants.    They  are  among  the  foremost  importers  of  fine  watch  and  French  clock  materials, 

Swiss,  English,  French  and  German  files  and  tools  of  every  desirable  kind  for  watch  makers,  watch  case  makers,  jewelers.  silversnu"ths' 

engravers,  chasers,  die  sinkers,  machinists  and  all  others,  the  nature  of  whose  employment  requires  the  use  of  peculiar  or  especially  fine 

tools.    All  of  these  goods  are  imported,  for  the  best  goods  and  the  lowest  market  prices  are  thus  insured.    The  quality  of  these  insure  their 

sale,  and  a  heavy  trade  is  done  with  dealers  in  the  United  States,  Canada  and  South  America.    Their  large  and  attractive  store  room,  35x  125 

feet  in  area,  occupies  the  entire  first  flnor  at  No.  M  Nassau  Street,  near  Maiden  Lane,  and  is  fitted  up  with  a  special  view  to  the  showing  of 

goods  and  prompt  filling  of  orders.    The  house  makes  a  specialty  of  importing  the  very  finest  goods  made  for  the  purposes  above  enumc- 

ated.  and  is  conceded  to  be  without  a  superior  in  its  line.    The  firm  also  has  the  general  agency  for  the  famous  Whitcomb  lathe,  which  enjoys 

so  enviable  a  reputation  with  the  trade,  and  also  the  general  agency  for  the  world  renowned  Patek  Philippe  and  Co.'s  watches  made  in 

Geneva.  Switzerland. 


304  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

FRASER,  :\[AJOR  A  CO.,  Hides  ami  Leather,  Nos.  9y  aud  94  Cliff  Street.— Some  of  the  oldest  and  most  highly  respected  business  houses 
in  tilt  city  are  among  the  representatives  of  the  hide  and  leather  trade;  one  of  the  heaviest  and  most  important  commercial  interests 
of  the  metropolis.  The  firui  of  Messrs.  Fraser,  Major  &  Co.,  Nos.  9^  and  94  Cliff  Street,  is  one  of  those  which  have  a  record  of  unusual 
length,  its  business  having  been  founded  in  1830  by  the  late  T.  Fraser.  In  1839  the  firm  of  Fraser  &  Van  AVoert  was  fornie<i.  and  in 
1848  it  was  dissolved,  being  succeeded  by  T.  Fraser  &  Bros,  which  in  turn  was  followed  by  the  present  firm  in  180:3.  The  death  of  Mr. 
T.  Fraser  occurred  in  18(j3.  The  members  of  the  existing  firm  ai-e  Mr.  James  Fraser— a  brother  of  the  founder  of  the  house— his  two  sons. 
AVilliam  A.  aud  George  S.  Fraser,  and  Win.  Kevan  Major,  all  natives  of  New  York  state.  Their  warehouse  is  a  substantial  six-story 
building,  measuring  50  x  100  feet  in  area,  and  fitted  up  with  all  the  conveniences  necessary  for  the  transaction  of  a  large  amount  of  business 
in  merchandise  of  heavy  description.  About  twenty  persons,  including  accountants  and  clerks,  are  in  the  employ  of  the  firm.  Tlie  special- 
ties dealt  in  are  raw  hides  and  sole  leather,  and  the  stock  ordinarily  in  store  is  very  large.  As  an  old  and  thoroughly  responsible  concern, 
this  firm  has  a  very  high  standing  in  the  business  community. 

PETER  SCHNEIDER'S  SONS  &  CO..  Manufacturers  of  Steel  Furniture  Springs,  Curtain  Materials,  No.  185  and  187  Canal  Street.  Corner 
IMott.— -One  of  the  chief  sources  of  the  development  of  the  upholstery  industry  in  this  city,  is  the  favorable  conditions  imder  whicli 
members  of  that  trade  are  able  to  fill  their  requirements  in  the  matter  of  their  materials  generally;  and  a  prominent  and  respon- 
sible house,  which  has  contributed  very  largely  to  this,  is  that  now  known  as  Peter  "Schneider's  Sons  &  Co.  of  No.  185  and  187  Canal 
Street.  This  old  and  trusted  house  was  founded  thirty  years  ago  by  Mr.  Peter  Schneider,  upon  the  death  of  whom  the  present  firm 
succeeded  in  18KS,  the  firm  personnel  now  being  Mr.  Otto  Schneider.  Mr.  Francis  M.  Jaeger,  and  Mr.  John  H.  Knoeppel.  The  firm  manufact- 
ures steel  furniture  springs,  curtain  materials,  and  upholstery  requisites  generally,  and  the  facilities  with  whicli  its  factory  is  provided  for 
the  production  of  these  in  the  highest  style  of  workmanship  and  at  consistently  competitive  figures,  in  conjunction  with  its  long  and 
unbroken  record  of  able  and  honorable  trading,  has  built  up  for  it  a  connection  with  upholsterers  and  others  in  every  section  of  the  country, 
and  also  a  very  extensive  export  business.  The  premises  on  Canal  Street  consist  of  four  floors  and  a  basement,  each  50  x  100  feet  in  size;  and 
while  tlie  corps  of  skilled  artisans  have  their  labors  enhanced  in  effectiveness  by  the  provision  of  the  latest  and  best  appliances  suited  to  their 
industry,  ample  space  is  also  afforded  for  the  carrying  of  an  exceedingly  heavy  and  complete  stock,  thus  permitting  tlie  firm  to  fill  orders  at 
the  shortest  possible  notice.  Nine  traveling  salesmen  are  constantly  on  the  road.  The  partners  are  gentlemen  in  the  active  prime  of  life» 
content  only  to  excel  in  their  enterprise,  and  after  forty  years  of  marked  success  the  trade  of  the  house  is  still  expanding  under  their  guid- 
ance. The  house  has  branches  in  Baltimore  and  Montreal,  while  agencies  are  maintained  in  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Philadelphia  and  Bos- 
ton. 

WILLIAM  G.  HOOPLE,  Leather  Merchant  and  Manufacturer  of  Oak  and  Hemlock  Sole  Leather,  Oak  Butts  for  Belting,  Oak  Bellies, 
Nos.  84  and  86  Gold  Street.— The  trading  title  "  William  G.  Hoople"'  is  one  that  is  not  yet  perhaps,  quite  so  familiar  to  manufact 
urers  of  leather  goods  and  others  as  the  one  it  replaced  in  1890.  upon  the  death  of  the  late  senior  partner,  Mr.  L.  A.  Robertson,  the 
old  firm  name  of  "  Robertson  &  Hoople  "  having  impressed  itself  very  deeply  upon  the  memory  of  those  connected  with  the 
leather  trade,  but  Mr.  Hoople  lias  been  responsibly  identified  with  the  firm  since  it  was  organized  in  1870,  and  is  conducting  its 
affairs  in  a  manner  worthy  of  its  old-time  prestige,  alike  in  respect  to  its  avocation  as  leather  merchants,  and  as  manufacturers  of  oak  and 
hemlock  sole  leather,  oak  butts  for  belting,  oak  bellies,  etc.,  leather  of  these  descriptions,  for  which  the  house  is  justly  and  highly 
famed,  being  produced  at  its  tanneries,  at  Pine  Creek,  Glade,  ^lapleton.  As  agent  for  other  famous  tanneries,  producing  collect- 
ively about  eveiy  style  of  leather,  it  is  scarcely  less  well  known;  its  fine  five-story  building,  (a  portion  of  the  Robertson  estate)  at  Nos.  84  and 
86  Gold  Street,  having  a  total  superficial  area  of  18,000  feet,  giving  storage  room  to  a  prodigious  quantity  of  merchandise,  as  well  as  provid- 
ing fine  offices;  and  being  the  center  of  supply  for  many  of  the  largest  and  most  critical  of  leather  buyers  in  the  country  with  all  parts  of 
which  it  trades,  leather  being  bought  and  sold  on  commission  in  part,  and  much  business  being  done  in  the  form  of  direct  trading,  the  fif- 
teen employees  assisting  the  principal  in  giving  prompt  and  accurate  interpretation  to  patrons' wishes,  and  the  filling  of  their  orders.  Mr. 
W.  G.  Hoople,  as  was  his  lat«  partner,  is  a  native  of  this  state,  and  is  a  gentleman  widely  known  in  both  the  commercial  and  social  circles  of 
New  York  City. 

STRANGE  &  BROTHER,  Silks  and  Ribbons,  Nos.  96  and  98  Prince  Street.— Side  by  side  with  the  host  of  new  enterprises  in  the  silk  manu- 
facturing industry  which  attract  attention  by  the  potency  they  appear  to  possess  for  a  useful  and  successful  future,  but  which  may  or 
may  not  endure,  and  whose  manufactures  may  or  may  not  give  lasting  satisfaction  is  the  responsible  pioneer  house  of  Messrs.  Strange 
&  Brother,  founded  as  manufacturers  of  silks  and  ribbons,  at  Williamsburg,  afterwards  removed  to  Paterson,  N.  J.,  as  far  back  as  the 
year  1837,  long  since  thoroiigiily  tried  and  proved,  and  whose  goods  have  been  found  of  such  uniformly  high  merit  that  the  simple 
knowledge  that  a  piece  of  silk  or  a  roll  of  ribbon  is  one  that  was  sent  out  from  its  works  is  deemed  by  competent  and  critical  judges  as  being 
sufficient  evidence  of  reliable  quality.  Indeed,  millinery  establishments  and  dry  goods  houses  in  every  section  of  the  country  carry  its  man- 
ufactures, and  the  endorsement  of  excellence  in  production  takes  the  practical  shape  of  orders  to  an  extent  that  keeps  the  many  looms  and 
the  little  army  of  one  thousand  five  hundred  operatives  constantly  working  at  full  speed.  At  Paterson  the  mills  are  now  known  as  those  of 
the  William  Strange  Company,  but  at  the  headquarters  at  Nos.  96  and  9S  Prince  Street,  this  city,  the  older  title  of  Strange  &  Brother  is 
adopted.  In  face  of  the  foregoing  remarks  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  the  alert  principles,  as  notably  business-like  in  their  manage- 
ment of  the  mercantile  affairs  of  the  house,  as  they  are  expert  in  their  direction  of  its  industrial  department,  are  infiuencing  a  volume-  of 
business  from  this  center  of  enormous  annual  value,  or  that  they  pay  close  heed  to  the  accurate  and  prompt  filling  of  orders.  Mr.  Strange  is 
a  gentleman  in  the  active  priwe  of  life  and  a  native  of  New  York  City  prominent  in  its  mercantile  and  social  life. 

TT  TT  AYER  &  LOEWENSTEIN.  Manufacturers  of  Varnishes  and  Japans,  No.  80  Beekman  Street;  Works:  Long  Island  City,  L.  I.— The 

/  m^l        manufacture  of  varnishes,  japans  and  kindred  goods  is  a  branch  of  industry  that  has  made  very  rapid  strides  during  the  present 

I       \     generation  and  has  surely  and  steadily  forced  its  way  into  a  very  important  and  prominent  position  in  the  list  of  our  large  com- 

■^      "*■    mercial  enterprises.     An  establishment  which  deservedly  holds  a  very  high  rank  in  this  trade  is  the  well-known  firm  of  Mayer  & 

Loewenstein,  whose  city  offices  are  located  at  No.  80  Beekman  Street  and  whose  noted  manufactures  enjoy  a  celebrity  and  favor 

wherever  varnish  is  used  or  spoken  of.    This  pros|ierous  concern  was  founded  in  1846  by  Mr.  Bernhard  Mayer,  who  was  succeeded  by  the 

present  firm  about  thirty  years  ago.     The  works  of  the  firm  are  located  at  Long  Island  City,  L.  I.,  where  a  large  staff  of  skilled  workmen  are 

constantly  employed  and  a  very  heavy  and  comprehensive  stock  of  superior  goods  is  always  on  hand.    The  excellent  quality  of  the  varnishes 

and  japans  produced  by  thf  firm  has  long  been  widely  known  and  appreciated,  and  the  goods  meet  with  a  hearty  reception  and  immediate 

sale  in  every  section  of  the  country.    The  firm  consists  of  Messi*s.  Siegfried  W.  Mayer,  Otto  L.   Mayer  and  Ludolph  H.  Abraham,  the  two 

first  mentioned  gentlemen  being  brothers.    The  ability  and  energy  which  have  been  consistently  displayed  in  the  conduct  and  management 

of  the  house  has  been  such  as  to  gain  for  the  firm  a  fine  and  steadily  increasing  patronage,  and  a  position  among  the  leading  exponents  of 

the  trade  in  this  country;  while  the  personal  character  and  stanch  principles  of  the  gentlemen  composing  the  establishment  have  made 

them  popular  and  appreciated  in  all  business  and  social  circles.    Their  city  office  has  a  capacity  of  25  x  75  feet.    It  is  most  comfortable  and 

convenient  in  its  arrangements  and  always  supplied  with  a  complete  a.ssortment  of  samples. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  305 

rpi-MERICAN  SHOE  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  No.  8G  Broad  Street.-Our  productions  of  boots  and  shoes  have  attained  a  position  which 
BM      is  independent  and  representative.    American  boots  and  shues  liave  tlieir  own  designs,  their  own  styles,  their  native  qualities,  mak- 
f    I      iug  them  distinctivtf  and  expressive.     The  astonishment  of  European  craftsmen  has  been  evoked  at  tlie  superior  quaUty  and  general 
/    ■*■     fine  finish  of  American  footwear,  and  write  in  testifying  to  the  fact  that  better  goods  of  this  kind  are  to  be  found  in  this  country  than 
anywhere  in  Europe.    There  is  a  large  and  constantly  growing  export  trade  now  carried  on  in  boots  and  shoes,  and  a  leading  house 
engaged  in  this  Une  is  that  of  the  American  Shoe  Manufacturing  Co.,  whose  headquarters  are  located  at  No.  86  Broad  Street.    Tiie  business 
of  this  house  was  founded  fourteen  years  ago  in  Boston,  and  in  1882  a  removal  to  this  city  was  effected.    The  sole  proprietor,  Mr.  Herbert  A. 
Smith,  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts  and  has  had  a  life-long  experience  in  tlie  shoe  trade.     In  ISM  he  went  to  work  at  the  bench,  as  an  appren- 
tice, when  shoes  were  made  by  hand,  and  in  1863  he  began  making  them  by  machinery.    Thus  he  has  gained  an  expert  knowledge  of  every 
detail  of  the  industry,  and  is  a  thorough  judge  of  the  values  and  qualities  of  boots  and  shoes.    He  was  the  first  to  undertake  an  exclusive 
export  business  in  boots  and  shoes  in  the  United  States,  and  is  now  the  only  one  engaged  exclusively  in  this  line.    He  has  built  up  a  large 
trade  and  ships  extensively  to  the  coast  of  Africa,  West  Indies,  South  America  and  Central  America.    His  trade  is  largely  with  South  Amer- 
ica and  he  has  two  traveling  representatives  there.     Owing  to  his  past  experience,  superior  perfected  facilities  and  complete  resources,  he  is 
enabled  to  produce  all  grades  of  boots  and  shoes  adapted  to  Spain  and  America  at  market  prices  and  in  a  style  wdiich  command  ready  ac- 
ceptance.   Special  attention  is  paid  to  manner  of  preparing  goods  for  shipment  and  in  invoicing  them  in  conformity  to  the  custom  laws  of 
the  countries  to  which  they  are  sent,  thereby  overcoming  the  frequent  complaints  made  by  merchants  of  South  American  markets,  that 
**  Americans  don't  adapt  their  customs  to  our  requirements."    The  American  Shoe  Manufacturing  Co.  has  adopted  in  this  respect  the  one  es- 
sential feature  neccessary  to  success  in  securing  and  maintaining  an  expert  trade  in  boots  and  shoes,  and  as  pioneers  in  this  line,  deserve 
unmeasured  success  and  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  the  trade. 

THE  ASPINWALL  FRUIT  CO.,  Limited,  Importers  of  Aspinwall  Bananas,  Nos.  228,  330  and  232  Fulton  Street.— The  importance  of 
New  York  as  a  great  center  for  the  wholesale  trade  in  foreign  and  domestic  fruits  cannot  be  overestimated.  She  is  more  central 
than  any  other  port  or  railway  terminus,  and  has  in  every  way  the  most  perfect  facilities  and  is  the  most  desirable  as  a  purchasing 
point.  A  leading  representative  of  the  above  branch  of  trade  is  the  Aspinwall  Fruit  Company,  Limited,  whose  establishment  is 
eligibly  located  at  Nos.  228,  230  and  2^32  Fulton  Street.  This  company  was  incorporated  in  1888,  and  is  officered  as  follows,  viz. ;  W.  L. 
liiithbun,  president;  J.  Cromwell,  vice-president;  Chas.  F.  Lutz,  treasurer;  E.  D.  3Iiller,  secretary.  These  gentlemen  bring  to  bear  a  wide 
range  of  practical  experience,  and  the  managers  of  no  other  house  in  the  city  are  better  versed  in  the  wholesale  trade  in  foreign  and  domestic 
fruits.  Their  combined  energy,  enterprise  and  sound  judgment  have  served  already  to  give  this  house  a  national  reputation  and  a  trade 
co-extensive  with  the  limits  of  the  country.  The  business  premises  comprise  three  buildings  of  three  stories  each,  and  every  modern  conven: 
ience  is  at  hand  for  the  rapid  handling  and  perfect  preservation  of  the  choice  and  valuable  stock.  As  importers  of  Aspinwall  bananas,  their 
leading  specialty,  this  company  enjoys  most  intimate  and  influential  connections  with  the  best  regions  of  production,  and  are  enabled  to 
handle  the  largest  lots  with  profit  to  the  shipper  and  entire  satisfaction  to  the  buyer.  They  are  the  largest  importers  in  this  line  in  the  city, 
and  they  possess  the  requisite  resources  and  facilities  for  permantly  maintaining  the  lead.  Dealers,  jobbers  and  large  buyers  generally  will 
find  here  the  choicest  stock  from  which  to  select,  and  will  also  secure  advantages  in  terms  and  prices  wiiich  are  readily  appreciated  and  rarely 
(hqjlicated  elsewhere.  Mr.  Rathbun,  the  president,  is  a  native  New  Yorker,  and  the  head  of  the  firm  of  W.  L.  Rathbun  &  Co.,  importers 
of  fruits.  Mr.  Cromwell,  the  vice-president,  is  also  interested  in  business  of  a  similar  nature;  while  Messrs.  Lutz  and  Miller  are  natives  of 
this  city,  and  all  are  personally  popular  in  business  and  social  circles. 

VAN  VALKENBtTRGH  &  RONK,  Commission  Merchants,  Specialties,  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs  and  Poultry,  No.  288  Greenwich  Street.— 
It  is  more  than  probable  that  no  industry  practiced  within  the  confines  of  the  American  metropolis  has  displayed  during  recent 
years  so  marked  a  development  as  that  devoted  to  the  handling  commission  of  agricultural  and  dairy  produce.  Commen- 
surate proportionately  with  the  expansion  of  the  general  trade  has  been  the  progress  towards  prosperity  of  the  old  and  reputable 
house  of  Van  Valkenburgh  &  Ronk  of  No.  288  Greenwich  Street,  New  York  City.  The  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  concern  is 
1863,  the  founder  of  the  house  being  Mr.  H.  K.  Ronk,  Mr.  Van  Valkenburgh  entering  the  firm  in  1865,  and  from  the  inception  of  the  business  the 
house  has  enjoyed  a  flourishing  trade.  The  business  consists  of  the  handling  both  as  wholesale  dealers  and  upon  commission  of  general 
produce,  the  specialties  of  the  concern  being  high  class  butter,  cheese,  eggs  and  poultry.  The  house  receives  goods  from  all  important  pro- 
ductive centers  of  the  country,  and  the  satisfactory  manner  in  which  consignments  are  disposed  of  and  returns  made  thereon  have  occasioned 
the  enthusiastic  appreciation  of  the  produce  raisers  and  others  having  transactions  with  the  house.  Messrs.  Van  Valkeuburg  &  Ronk's 
trade  is  largely  of  a  local  character;  the  house  having  an  extensive  connection  extending  throughout  the  metropolis  and  comprising  in  its 
scope  the  consumptive  centers  of  New  York  state.  New  Jersey,  and  Connecticut.  The  house  has  occupied  its  present  excellent  location  for 
a  period  of  four  years,  its  original  premises  having  been  on  Reade  Street.  The  warehouse  monopolizes  the  whole  of  a  five-story  building 
occupying  a  ground  area  of  1875  square  feet,  and  being  conveniently  adjacent  to  the  more  imjjortant  steamship  piers  and  points  of  reception 
for  produce.  The  goods  carried  by  the  concern  comprises  a  full  line  of  commoilities  and  the  business  requires  the  constant  employment  of 
a  corps  of  six  assistants.  Mr.  B.  F.  Van  Valkenburgh  is  a  native  of  Greene  County,  New  York,  his  residence  being  at  the  present  time  in 
Brooklyn.  He  is  a  gentleman  possessing  an  unusual  range  of  commercial  accomplishments  enjoying,  moreover,  the  confidence  and  regard 
of  the  trade.  Mr.  H.  K.  Ronk  hails  from  Ulster  County,  New  York,  but  he  has  been  actively  identified  with  the  prosperity  of  the  me- 
tropolis for  a  lengthy  period.  His  present  residence  is  at  Passaic,  N.  J.  The  house  is  represented  upon  the  floor  of  the  Mercantile 
Exchange,  where  its  name  is  significant  of  solidity  and  integrity. 

VILLIAM  FRIEL,  Selector  and  Receiver  of  Goat  and  Deer  Skins,  No.  93  Gold  Street.— That  staple  article  of  commerce— leather — 
has  from  the  ages  of  antiquity  held  an  important  place  in  the  worhl  of  trade,  but  it  is  only  within  comparatively  recent  j^ears 
that  leather  has  developed  to  its  present  importance  as  a  leading  factor  in  the  business  resources  of  the  nation.  In  fact,  a  com- 
mon saying  in  reference  to  this  product  is  that  there  is  nothing  like  it.  an  adage  taken  from  a  famous  dispute.  New 
York  is  the  head  center  for  the  importation  of  foreign  hides  and  skins  into  this  country.,  and  one  of  the  leading  leather 
markets  in  the  world.  A  gentleman  who  has  long  been  prominently  identified  with  the  industry  is  iMr.  William  Friel,  whose  office  is  located 
at  No.  93  Gold  Street.  Mr.  Friel  has  been  established  since  1868,  and  has  since  developed  a  large,  influential  patronage,  and  he  employs  from 
five  to  forty  hands,  according  to  the  season.  5Ir.  Friel  carries  on  general  operations  as  a  selector  and  receiver  of  goat  and  deer  skins,  and 
is  know*n  throughout  the  United  States  as  the  leading,  expert  authority  on  all  mattei-s  connected  with  this  field  of  enterprise.  He  was  made 
culler  of  goat  and  deer  skins  to  the  Morocco-Men's  National  Association,  by  decree  of  that  organization.  Goat  skins  are  all  sold  "  selected," 
and  for  manyjyears  the  foreign  skins  coming  to  this  port  have  passed  through  his  hands.  The  importation  trade  has  been  greatly  increas- 
ingof  late  years.  From  Mr.  Friel's  reports  we  find  that  in  1889  the  arrival  in  New  York  of  goat  skins  from  all  parts  of  the  world  was  91.780 
bales  or  18.569,551  skins,  and  in  1890  the  arrivals  footed  up  106.558  bales  or  22,216,6.34  skins.  These,  together  with  the  arrivals  at  Boston,  Phil- 
adelphia and  other  ports  make  a  grand  total  of  at  least  55,000.000  skins  imported  during  the  two  years,  of  which  about  30,000,000  skins  arrived 
in  1890.    JMr.  Friel  is  a  native  of  this  state,  has  made  his  vocation  a  life  study  and  he  is  held  in  the  highest  respect  in  all  the  walks  of  life. 


306  HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

-f-«         O.  SNEDECOR,  Produce  Commission  Mercliant,  Butter  and  Eggs,  No.  19"  Duane  Street.— Tlie  wholesale  produce  commission  busi- 
I   oi      less  in  this  city  has  no  more  thoroughly  representative  exponent  than  the  old  establislied  and  reliable  house  of  L.  O.  Suedecor,  No. 
I    \       197  Duane  Street.    Mr.  Snedecor  has  been  established  in  business  here  since  1865,  and  is  generally  regarded  as  a  leader  in  his  line  of 
-^ — ^  •  business,    During  all  the  intervening  years  he  has  had  an  uninterrupted  career  of  success,  and  has  built  up  a  large  and  flourishing 
trade  by  the  exercise  of  strictly  straightforward  and  honorable  methods.    The  premises  occupied  are  spacious  and  commodious, 
comprising  a  store  and  basement  each  25  x  CO  feet  in  dimensions,  and  admirably  adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  used.    The  cold 
storage  facilities  are  excellent  and  have  a  capacity  of  three  carloads.    Here  is  carried  a  full  line  of  butter  and  eggs,  Mr,  Snedecor  being  a 
leader  of  the  trade  in  this  line.    Large  consignments  are  received  daily  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  owing  to  Mr.  Snedeeor's  unsur- 
passed facilities  and  his  wide  and  influential  connections  he  is  enabled  to  promptly  dispose  of  them  to  the  best  advantage,  while  the  prompt- 
ness with  which  returns  are  made  has  ever  been  a  leading  characteristic  of  this  house.    Mr.  Snedecor,  who  is  a  native  of  New  York,  is  a 
merchant  of  the  highest  integrity,  and  has  achieved  his  substantial  success  in  business  by  strictly  straightforward  and  honorable  methods. 
He  refers  shippers  and  customers  to  the  New  York  National  Exchange  Bank. 

TAYLOR  &  WALL.\CE,  Produce  Commission  Merchants,  No.  187  Eeade  Street.— The  iacilities  enjoyed  by  the  city  of  New  York  as  a 
receiving  and  distributing  point  for  food  supplies  and  staple  agricultural  products,  have  always  been  such  as  to  greatly  promote  the 
shipment  to  its  markets  all  kinds  of  general  produce,  which  has  materially  aided  in  the  prosecution  of  the  commission  business.  A 
prominent,  prosperous  and  thoroughly  responsible  house  engaged  in  this  special  line  of  commercial  activity  is  that  of  Messrs,  Taylor 
and  Wallace,  whose  headquarters  are  desirably  located  at  No.  187  Reade  Street,  The  individual  members  of  the  firm  are  T,  R,  Taylor 
and  Thomas  P.  Wallace,  both  of  whom  are  thoroughly  experienced  men  in  all  branches  of  the  trade.  This  business  was  founded  originally 
in  1869  by  Mr.  T.  P.  Wallace,  who  carried  it  on  in  the  old  West  Washington  Jlarket  very  successfully  on  his  own  account  until  1886,  when  Mr. 
Taylor  was  admitted  into  partnership  under  the  present  firm  title.  They  have  been  established  in  their  present  quarters  since  1882,  which 
are  amply  spacious  and  commodious  and  admirably  equipped  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  their  large  and  constantly  increasing  trade, 
which  is  exclusively  wholesale,  and  extends  throughout  the  entire  country.  They  receive  daily,  large  consignments  of  all  kinds  of  produce, 
including  butter,  cheese,  eggs,  fine  farm  and  garden  vegetables,  while  a  specialty  is  made  of  apples,  peaches,  pears,  plums,  grapes,  berries, 
and  other  domestic  fruits,  for  which  a  ready  market  is  found  at  the  highest  ruling  prices,  and  accurate  returns  are  promptly  made.  They 
also  deal  very  extensively  in  fine  foreign  tropical  fruits,  from  the  Mediterranean,  West  Indian  and  Central  American  regions,  also  from  Flor- 
ida and  California,  and  have  on  hand  at  all  times  a  fine  stock  of  oranges,  lemons,  limes,  tangarines,  bananas,  pineapples,  grapes,  pears,  etc., 
and  having  superior  connections  with  producers  and  shippers  they  are  prepared  to  offer  best  quality  at  lowest  prices  to  retailers,  hotels,  etc. 
Orders  by  mail  or  wire  receive  personal  attention,  and  goods  are  packed  securely  and  properly  and  shipped  by  most  direct  route.  Mr.  Tay- 
lor is  a  New  Marylander  by  birth,  while  Mr.  Wallace  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  came  to  this  city  in  1808.  Both  are  in  the  prime  of  Ufe,  ener- 
getic and  honorable,  and  are  highly  esteemed  in  social  and  commercial  circles  for  their  business  ability  and  integrity.  Mr.  Wallace  also 
represents  the  firms  of  L.  &  H.  Williams  &  Co.,  Glasgow,  Scot, ;  L.  &  H,  Williams  &  Co.,  Liverpool,  Eng. ;  J,  B,  Thomas,  London,  Eng,,  who 
are  among  the  largest  receivers  of  American  apples  and  other  fruits  in  Great  Britain,  and  who  handle  iuunense  quantities  of  the  same. 

FTACOB  DULS  &  CO.,  Tea  Packers  and  Coffee  Millers,  Office  and  Warehouse,  Nos,  40  and  48  Water  Street,— The  widely  known  firm 
-.^  I  whose  name  heads  this  sketch  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  only  concern  in  New  York,  packing  both  teas  and  coffees  for  the 
®  I  trade.  They  are  tea  packers  and  coffee  millers;  also  manufacturers  of  plain  and  fancy  caddies,  with  offices  and  warehouse  at  Nos, 
)  I  40  and  48  Water  Street,  and  have  a  wide-spread,  substantial  business  connection  throughout  the  United  States,  Teas  are  manipulated 
^^  and  repacked  and  coffee  is  milled,  separated,  picked  and  hulled,  goods  being  put  up  to  order  in  any  size  packages  desired  at  short 
notice.  This  flourishing  business  was  established  about  twelve  years  ago  by  Messrs.  Jacoi)  Duls  and  D.  D,  Reeve,  and  under  their  joint  man- 
agement it  was  conducted  up  to  1884,  when  R,  Van  Riper  acquired  an  interest,  the  firm  name  being  always  the  same.  They  occupy  the  whole 
of  two  four-story  buildings,  50  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  with  ample  and  complete  facilities  for  the  purposes  indicated,  and  employ  an  effi- 
cient staff  of  help,  the  pro],  rietors  exercising  immediate  supervision  over  every  department,  A  very  large  and  first-class  stock  of  caddies  in 
all  sizes,  styles  and  designs  is  kept  on  hand;  while  tea  is  packed  and  coffee  milled  and  put  up  for  the  trade  in  the  most  expeditious  and  trust- 
worthy manner.  The  terms  quoted,  too,  are  of  the  most  reasonable  character  and  price  list  is  furnished  upon  application,  all  communica- 
tions of  a  business  nature  receiving  prompt  response,  AH  orders  are  carefully  and  promptly  attended  to  and  every  article  offered  for  sale 
here  is  fully  warranted,  quality  being  guaranteed,  and  relations  once  established  with  this  popular  and  responsible  concern  are  reasonably 
certain  of  leading  to  a  permanent  business  connection.  The  proprietors,  who  are  all  gentlemen  in  the  prime  of  life,  are  men  of  push  and  en- 
terprise, thoroughly  conversant  with  the  wants  of  the  trade,  and  have  a  close  knowledge  of  every  feature  and  detail  of  the  business. 

THE  THATCHER  FURNACE  COMPANY,  Manufacturers  of  The  Celebrated  Thatcher  Furnaces  and  Ranges,  Foundry,  No.  42  St. 
Francis  Street,  Newark,  N.  J.,  No.  33  Peck  Slip.— The  manufacture  of  furnaces,  stoves  and  ranges  has  long  since  assumed  a  leading 
position  in  the  list  of  our  national  industi'ies,  and  affords  an  admirable  chance  for  the  employment  of  an  enormous  amount  of  capi- 
tal and  skilled  labor  throughout  all  sections  of  the  United  States,  Prominent  among  the  most  responsible  houses  of  business 
engaged  in  this  important  enterprise  we  may  draw  special  attention  to  the  well-known  Thatcher  Furnace  Company,  whose  office 
is  located  at  No,  3,3  Peck  Slip  (corner  of  Front  Street),  This  flourishing  concern  was  founded  in  18,50,  and  its  rise,  progress  and  steady 
development  are  matters  thoroughly  familiar  to  all.  The  company  manufacture  the  now  justly  celebrated  Thatcher  furnaces  and  ranges 
which  have  become  so  deservedly  popular  during  the  present  generation  and  which  are  universally  conceded  to  embody  all  the  best,  most 
efficient,  sanitary  and  economic  principles  that  have  ever  been  embodied  in  any  heating  or  cooking  apparatus.  The  foundry  of  this  popular 
company  is  located  at  Newark,  N,  J.,  where  a  large  number  of  hands  and  a  splendid  equipment  have  been  for  many  years  in  active  and  pros- 
perous operation.  The  premises  on  Peck  Slip  in  this  city  comprise  the  whole  of  a  four-story  building  with  a  capacity  of  about  25  x  100  feet. 
All  the  arrangements  are  of  the  most  complete  and  commodious  character  and  every  facility  is  provided  that  can  aid  the  transaction  of  bus- 
iness and  add  to  the  resources  of  this  flue  establishment.  A  splendid  stock  of  these  popular  furnaces,  ranges  and  stoves  are  kept  here,  and 
the  resources  of  the  house  are  fully  commensurate  with  the  growing  demand  of  the  public.  The  trade  extends  throughout  the  whole  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada  and  is  of  the  most  substantial  character.  No  description  of  the  peculiar  advantages  and  construction  of  these 
goods  is  needed  in  these  pages,  as  their  reputation  .and  popularity  is  national  in  its  extent  and  perfectly  familiar  to  every  one.  The  company 
have  been  before  the  public  for  more  than  half  a  century  and  hold  a  foremost  position  in  the  trade;  thoroughly  honorable  and  trustworthy  in 
every  transaction,  liberal  and  progressive  in  policy  and  scrupulously  attentive  to  the  smallest  wants  of  its  patrons,  it  is  deservedly  ranked  as 
one  of  the  most  popular  and  responsible  concerns  in  the  metropolis.  The  officers  of  the  company  are:  J,  M,  Thatcher,  president;  Charles  O, 
Lyons,  vice-president;  Louis  M,  Thatcher,  treasurer;  and  Edward  Benedict,  secretary. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK.  307 

-M— 1         ULL5L\.NN  &  CO..  Auctioneers,  Xos.  78-80  Walker  Street.— L,  UUmann  i  Co.  have  become  very  widely  known  to  both  sellers  and 

I    f~.       buyers  as  expert  auctioneers ;  goods  being  largely  consigned  to  them  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  on  the  one  hand,  and  their  auc- 

I   V      tion  sales,  which  are  held  on  each  Tuesday  and  Friday,  being  very  freely  attended  on  the  other  hand.     Both  seller  and  buyer  may  be 

-^ — *  •  largely  benefitted  by  this  system ;  manufacturers  having  goods  thrown  on  their  hands,  made  by  mistake  not  precisely  to  order, 

finding  great  advantage  in  a  quick  realization  even  at  less  than  cost;  trading  houses  which  have  failed  to  make  the  markets  they 

expected  being  prepared  cheerfully  to  make  sacrifices  rather  than  hold  in  stock  goods  misuited  to  their  particular  class  of  trade,  but  which 

may  be  exactly  suited  to  the  requirements  of  one  or  many  patrons  of  the  auction  room;   and  goods  reaching  the  establishment  which  are 

highly  marketable,  for  numerous  other  good  and  sufticient  reasons.    The  very  renowned  firm  immediately  under  notice,  which  was  founded 

fourteen  years  ago.  handles  chiefly  clothing  and  dry  goods,  its  transactions  aggregating  to  the  enormous  sum  of  $15,000,0.10  per  annum.    The 

premises  occupied  for  this  purpose  consist  of  a  floor  and  basement  each  50  x  110  feet  in  size,  and  the  respected  partners  are  Mr.  L.  Ullmann, 

Mr.  A.  Schaap,  and  Mr.  D.  M.  Levy,  all  middle-aged  gentlemen  of  New  York  birth. 

PHILIPP  THOMA,  Jlanufacturer  of  Fine  Jewelry,  No.  21  John  Street.— Among  the  most  artistic  and  accomplished  of  New  York's 
jewelers  is  Mr.  Philipp  Thoma.  Mr.  Thoma  started  in  business  at  No.  15  Maiden  Lane  in  1881,  and  moved  to  his  present  location  on 
May  1,  1889.  The  business  prospered  from  its  inception  and  he  now  does  a  large  and  lucrative  trade  extending  throughout  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Thoma  seUs  his  goods  only  through  dealers,  and  numbers  among  his  customers  many  of  the  most  prominent  jewelry 
houses  in  the  country.  His  specialty  is  the  manufacture  of  fine  jewelry,  rings,  etc.,  the  bulk  of  his  goods  being  made  from  his  own 
designs.  His  workshop,  which  is  25  x  100  feet  in  dimensions,  is  fitted  up  with  all  the  latest  and  most  improved  machinery  known  to  the  trade, 
and  gives  employment  to  fifteen  skilled  mechanics,  whose  operations  are  conducted  under  the  immediate  personal  supervision  of  Mr.  Thoma, 
thus  guaranteeing  first-class  work  at  every  stage.  Mr.  Thoma  is  a  native  of  Germany,  but  for  thirty-five  years  past  he  has  made  the  United 
States  his  home. 

CHRISTIAN  HAHN,  Practical  Glass  Blower,  and  Manufacturer  of  Artificial  Eyes,  No.  16  North  William  Street. -Mr.  Christian  Hahn, 
practical  glass  blower,  makes  it  apparent  that  he  is  a  thoroughly  competent  manufacturer,  capable  of  undertaking  any  branch  of  this 
important  industry.  A  heavy  and  comprehensive  stock  is  always  carried  of  the  chief  lines  of  goods  made,  conspicuous  among  which 
for  their  variety  and  uniform  excellence  are  silvered  glass  balls  and  ornaments  for  Christmas  trees,  fancy  perfume  bottles,  fruit  and 
ornaments  for  artificial  flower  manufacturers,  artificial  eyes  for  stuffed  birds  and  quadrupeds,  dolls  and  wax  figures,  geisler  tubes 
physical,  chemical  and  surgical  instruments,  rings  and  glass  bars  tor  looms,  glass  buttons  and  beads,  frosting,  fancy  ornaments,  ships,  birds 
of  Paradise,  flower  vases  and  circulating  syphons.  The  business  was  established  in  18C1 ,  by  Mr.  Wm.  A.  Demuth,  who  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Christian  Hahn  in  1870,  and  on  the  decease  of  the  latter  in  1881  his  wife  assumed  sole  control  of  affairs.  The  able  proprietor,  Mr.  Chris- 
tian Hahn,  is  a  native  of  New  York  City. 


308 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


E.  J.  HERATY  &  CO., 

Importers  and  Jobbers  in 


141  Front  Street, 

NEW  VOKK. 


121  and  123  Front  St., 
phil.ade:l.phia. 


E.  M.  PAYNE. 
Teas  Stored  and  Shipped  from  New  York. 


Looli  and  I^ea<l! 

L.  COWEN'S 

Kiel  Mlsfii  Canet  Vmliiiisii, 

99  SIXTH  AVENUE,  99 

NEW  YORK  CITV. 

The  6th  Ave.  Elevated  (Uptown  Station,  Clinton  Place;  Down-town. 
Jefferson  Market);  Tth  Ave.  and  City  Hall,  10th  St.  and  Christopher 
St.  and  6th  Ave.  Horse  Cars  pass  the  Store. 

WHO  BUYS  AND  SELLS  FOR 


BUSINESS  ESXABI^ISHEU  1854. 


MOEN'S  ASPHALTIC  CEMENT  CO., 

E.  S.  VAUCHAN,  Treasurer. 

103  MAIDEN  LANE,  NEW  YORK.        Telephone  Call.  Cortlandt  1467. 

Watcp  Tight  and  Damp  Ppoof  Gellai^  Bottoms. 

A  Q  r>  U  A  I    T"  1  f>     /^  P"  1\/I  P  M  TT  I       Applied  to  wet  cellars,  damp  basements,  vaults,  arches,  brick 
/\o  I     n  /A  L^  I    I  V^     Vy  C  IVI  C  IN    1    j  and  stone  walls,  brewery,  packing-houses,  and  stable  floors,  etc. 

/-»pA\^p"l       ROOFIWr^'       Done  in  the  best  manner,  on  reasonable  terms  and  guaranteed  for  a 


f  long  term  of  years. 

I      1,  3  an 

/  Building  papers. 


P  R  F  P  A  R  F  F)     R  O  O  F  I  N  O     .l  _  l-..^  ^nd  3  Ply  prepared   Roofing  Felts.       Sheathing  and 


DEALERS  IN  ASPHALTUM,  COAL  TAR  MATERIALS,  PORTLAND  AND  ROSEDALE  CEMENT. 


ling 

The  besi  and  only  cor  red 

method  of  Plumbing 

a  Residence. 


Send  for  lllnstratefl  Treatise. 


^TJ 


LEONARD  D.  IIOSFORD, 
Bine  Plun]bii]g  C[Iork, 

43  Beekman  St„    New  York 


PATENTEE  OF  THE 

LIGHTNING  BOTTLE  STOPPER 

And  Dealer  iu  Bottlers'  Supplies, 

34  RE&DE  STREET,  Near  Broadway,  NEW  YORK. 


HENRY  M.  CONGDON, 
%  Arc^it?Ct,  % 

Has  removed  his  office  i./    ,,  ^     .... 

from  31  Broadway  to         W ellCS    BUlldmg, 

No.  i8  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


HISTORY  AND  COMMERCE  OF  NEW  .YORK.  309 


H*^^'"fKEe°oVE«EN,s 


NOT  FOUND  ist^^^  ^^^^g 

THAT  WilL  WELL  REPAY  Alsf 

INVESTIGATION 

BY  Th^OSE^WHO^  ^Q  s,cbRE 

THE  BEST  SAFE 

JslARVIN  SAFE  CO. 


DCSB  LIBRARY 


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